Thèses sur le sujet « Documentary Writing »

Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.
Thesis research directed by: English Language and Literature. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

Thesis: S.M. in Comparative Media Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Humanities, Graduate Program in Science Writing, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Keywords: documentary, interactive, live, liveness, ephemerality, interactivity, theater, performance, television, televisuality, database, data, live data, real time Abstract: The field of documentary is undergoing a transformation as it collides with digital technologies. A new arena of Interactive Documentary production is thriving, and critics and scholars are taking note. Within this field, there is less attention to new opportunities and new theoretical challenges for live practices within the documentary sphere. This thesis argues for a fuller conceptualization of Live Documentary practice. First, it questions the current state of assumptions about documentary, as a form related to the 'document,' as a particularly film-leaning form, and as a lasting and historicizing form of discourse. Next, it examines the historical underpinnings of two forms of live documentary practice and exemplar projects of each: Live Performance Documentary and Live Subject Documentary. The former is situated in the media category of live theater and performance, and the second, the author will argue, is an instantiation of television in its earliest configuration as a device for two-way audio-visual communications and not just unidirectional broadcasting. The study concludes by positing a third medium-specific form of live documentary native to the computer, the Live Data Documentary. This final, more speculative form is defined by drawing on the meanings of 'liveness' examined in the previous chapters and the history of real time computing to generate a suggested framing for computer-native live documentary practice.
by Julie Fischer.
S.M. in Comparative Media Studies

Time, Rhythm and Magic: developing a Communications Theory approach to Documentary Film Editing is principally concerned with the editing of documentary films, in particular the historical documentary. The essence of the study draws upon a reflective experiential analysis of the author’s extensive creative practice in documentary film production, with particular reference to the principles and techniques the author employs in documentary editing. The research argues that the process of constructing certain forms of documentary film involves the selection of small segments, or samples, taken from a whole and re-assembled into a reductive representation of that whole. The author finds that useful analogies can be drawn between this process in documentary film editing and the process of sampling, encoding and re-construction inherent in digital telecommunication systems. The study also argues that a central component of both processes is the sharing and manipulation of temporal elements, and that although these manipulations are a crucial determinant of the cohesion and flow of a finished documentary film, they are invisible to the viewer. The documentary film editor is thus able to create convincing illusions which the audience perceives as reality—a creative process which might thus be described as a form of ‘magic’.
Thesis (Professional Doctorate)
Doctor of Visual Arts (DVA)
Queensland College of Art
Arts, Education and Law
Full Text

Cette recherche se structure autour de quelques pratiques documentaires dans le contexte italien contemporain : Michelangelo Frammartino, Gianni Celati, Pietro Marcello… Étudiées en tant que méthodes particulières de médiation et d’écriture parmi de nombreuses autres agençant l’univers médial actuel, ces expériences nous révèlent leur spécifique statut écologique. C’est à une écologie générale (socio-politique, perceptive et symbolique) qu’on se réfère : celle qui a été proposée par des théoriciens tels que Felix Guattari, Tim Ingold ou Bruno Latour. Fidèles à un certain empirisme habitant ainsi qu’à une attention interactive envers nos milieux, ces créations documentaires captent, questionnent et racontent l’ensemble enchevêtré de présences composant nos milieux. Malgré un intérêt cinématographique prioritaire (pour Michelangelo Frammartino, d’abord), les théories et les exemples mobilisés permettent de définir une catégorie de « documentaire » capable d’inclure des formes médiales très variées comme la littérature (à travers Gianni Celati, surtout) ou le théâtre sur la base d’un principe commun d’enquête appareillée des environnements qu’on habite. Entre les lignes de ce paradigme écologique et trans-médiale du documentaire nous identifions les coordonnées d’une manière plus soutenable et attentive d’habiter les milieux complexes (autant « naturels » que sociaux, techniques et sémiotiques) dans les lesquels nous sommes toujours déjà impliqués. Elle est inaugurée par d’autres récits et d’autres perceptions de ce qui nous entoure qu’on appellera des « contre-fictions »
This research takes place among some documentary practices in the contemporary Italian field : Michelangelo Frammartino, Gianni Celati, Pietro Marcello… Studied as specific methods of mediation and writing in the middle of many others organizing today’s medial world, these experiences reveal us their specific ecological status. We refer to a general ecology (socio-political, perceptive and symbolic) : the one that has been defined by thinkers like Felix Guattari, Tim Ingold or Bruno Latour. Devoted to an empirical dwelling as much as to an interactive attention towards our environments, these documentary creations record, question and narrate the entanglement of presences composing our milieux. Despite a fundamental cinematic interest (first of all for Michelangelo Frammartino), the theories and the exemples taken into account allow us to define a category of « documentary » capable of including other medial forms like literature (through Gianni Celati, above all) or theatre on the basis of a commun technical exploration of the environments we dwell in. Between the lines of such an ecological and trans-medial concept of documentary we spot the landmarks of a more sustainable and attentive way of living the multilayered environments (« natural » as well as social, technical and semiotic) in which we are always already involved. Such an alternative way of living begins with other storytellings and other perceptions of what surrounds us that we will call « counter-fictions »

As a biographical documentary concept develops, its intention and its form are impacted and may be transformed by market demands. The documentary idea about the life of Xavier Herbert has been in development through a number of iterations within the shifting landscape of the Australian documentary industry from the mid- 1990s to 2009. This study is, on the one hand, an endeavour to find a workable way to express and practise the multi-layered complexity of creative work, a long-form documentary script on Herbert, an Australian literary icon. On the other hand, this thesis represents a cumulative research exercise, whereby my own experiences in the documentary industry in Queensland, Australia and overseas are analysed in an effort to enlighten the broader documentary community about such a complex, even labyrinthine, process.

Thesis (Ph. D. )--University of Cincinnati, 2007.
Advisor: Dr. Katharina Gerstenberger Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Dec.10, 2007). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

This paper analyzes two documents from the Jesuit mission to Japan, both written by Luís Fróis (1532-1597). They discuss the same topic: the conversion to Christianity of a young nobleman from Bungo (Kyushu) in 1577. One is an epistle and the other deals with historic issues. The comparison reveals the peculiarities of each genre, in line with the norms of the Society of Jesus. The paper concludes that epistles were considered to strengthen spiritual and identity links, as a result of which they were widely disseminated during the 16th century.
Este artículo analiza dos documentos del corpus jesuita sobre la misión japonesa. Ambos son de Luís Fróis (1532-1597) y versan sobre el mismo episodio: la conversión al cristianismo de un joven cortesano de Bungo (Kyushu) en 1577. Una de las fuentes pertenece al género epistolar y la otra, al histórico. La comparación entre ambas revela la especificidad de cada género según las normativas de la Compañía de Jesús. Concluimos que las epístolas cumplían con los objetivos básicos del género histórico y resultaban propicias para afianzar lazos espirituales e identitarios, lo cual legitimó su sistemática publicación durante el siglo XVI.

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A leitura em inglês para o fim de elaboração de resumos documentários pode ser facilitada mediante a utilização da abordagem do inglês instrumental. O aluno aprende estratégias de leitura que o ajudam na compreensão dos textos sem precisar ter o total domínio do inglês. A proposta desta pesquisa consiste na investigação do processo de leitura de um texto em inglês após os conhecimentos adquiridos nas disciplinas de Inglês Instrumental e Indexação e Resumos no curso de Biblioteconomia. Propomos uma interface entre as duas disciplinas com a finalidade de compreensão de textos em inglês para realização da tarefa de elaboração de resumos. Os objetivos são: trazer contribuição para as disciplinas afins no que concerne à orientação de leitura para elaboração de resumos, fazer levantamento de indicadores de leitura para elaboração de metodologias com a sugestão da utilização do Inglês Instrumental. Tal investigação foi realizada por meio de levantamento bibliográfico sobre resumo, leitura e por meio de observação do processo de leitura. A técnica da coleta de dados foi a denominada Protocolo Verbal. Os processos de leitura observados foram realizados por dois alunos do quarto ano do curso de Biblioteconomia do campus da UNESP de Marília. Receberam instruções quanto ao uso do Inglês Instrumental, para superação dos problemas oriundos da deficiência de conhecimento da língua e, instruções quanto às técnicas de síntese, análise e representação do documento para a elaboração do resumo documentário. Verificamos como procedem à compreensão do texto na tarefa de leitura para elaboração do resumo documentário e observamos que utilizam as estratégias de leitura aprendidas nas aulas de Inglês Instrumental, bem como utilizam o conhecimento adquirido sobre a elaboração do resumo. Os resultados obtidos...
Reading in English with the purpose of writing abstracts can be facilitated through ESP (English for specific purposes) approach. The student learns reading strategies that help him in text comprehension without the necessity of having great knowledge in English. This research proposal is to investigate the reading process of a written English text after the students had been acquainted with the two disciplines (ESP and 'Indexing and Abstract') in the Library Science course. We propose an 'interface' between both subjects in order to comprehend English written texts to the task of writing abstracts. The objectives are to contribute to these subjects related to the reading orientation to the abstract writing task and to point out some reading indicators to methodologies suggesting ESP approach. This research was carried out by the analysis of abstract and reading bibliographies and observation of the reading process. The technique of the data collecting was the one denominated Thinking Aloud. The reading process observed was carried out by two students from the fourth grade of Library Science at UNESP in Marília. Both of them had taken the two subjects above mentioned during the course. They received instructions about the use of ESP to overcome problems of the weak language knowledge and also about the synthesis, analysis and representation of the document. We verified how they read a text in order to write an abstract and observed that they used the reading strategies learned in the ESP classes as well as the knowledge about abstract writing. The obtained results indicate that the instrumental approach may be useful to the abstract writing task by means of appropriate reading strategies, such as, vocabulary strategies, language structure, paragraph structure, textual markers, selectivity, metacognitive monitoring, prediction, nominal... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)

Orientador: Mariângela Spotti Lopes Fujita
Banca: Maria Isabel Asperti Nardi
Banca: Nair Yomiko Kobashi
Resumo: A leitura em inglês para o fim de elaboração de resumos documentários pode ser facilitada mediante a utilização da abordagem do inglês instrumental. O aluno aprende estratégias de leitura que o ajudam na compreensão dos textos sem precisar ter o total domínio do inglês. A proposta desta pesquisa consiste na investigação do processo de leitura de um texto em inglês após os conhecimentos adquiridos nas disciplinas de "Inglês Instrumental" e "Indexação e Resumos" no curso de Biblioteconomia. Propomos uma interface entre as duas disciplinas com a finalidade de compreensão de textos em inglês para realização da tarefa de elaboração de resumos. Os objetivos são: trazer contribuição para as disciplinas afins no que concerne à orientação de leitura para elaboração de resumos, fazer levantamento de indicadores de leitura para elaboração de metodologias com a sugestão da utilização do Inglês Instrumental. Tal investigação foi realizada por meio de levantamento bibliográfico sobre resumo, leitura e por meio de observação do processo de leitura. A técnica da coleta de dados foi a denominada Protocolo Verbal. Os processos de leitura observados foram realizados por dois alunos do quarto ano do curso de Biblioteconomia do campus da UNESP de Marília. Receberam instruções quanto ao uso do Inglês Instrumental, para superação dos problemas oriundos da deficiência de conhecimento da língua e, instruções quanto às técnicas de síntese, análise e representação do documento para a elaboração do resumo documentário. Verificamos como procedem à compreensão do texto na tarefa de leitura para elaboração do resumo documentário e observamos que utilizam as estratégias de leitura aprendidas nas aulas de "Inglês Instrumental", bem como utilizam o conhecimento adquirido sobre a elaboração do resumo. Os resultados obtidos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Reading in English with the purpose of writing abstracts can be facilitated through ESP (English for specific purposes) approach. The student learns reading strategies that help him in text comprehension without the necessity of having great knowledge in English. This research proposal is to investigate the reading process of a written English text after the students had been acquainted with the two disciplines (ESP and 'Indexing and Abstract') in the Library Science course. We propose an 'interface' between both subjects in order to comprehend English written texts to the task of writing abstracts. The objectives are to contribute to these subjects related to the reading orientation to the abstract writing task and to point out some reading indicators to methodologies suggesting ESP approach. This research was carried out by the analysis of abstract and reading bibliographies and observation of the reading process. The technique of the data collecting was the one denominated Thinking Aloud. The reading process observed was carried out by two students from the fourth grade of Library Science at UNESP in Marília. Both of them had taken the two subjects above mentioned during the course. They received instructions about the use of ESP to overcome problems of the weak language knowledge and also about the synthesis, analysis and representation of the document. We verified how they read a text in order to write an abstract and observed that they used the reading strategies learned in the ESP classes as well as the knowledge about abstract writing. The obtained results indicate that the instrumental approach may be useful to the abstract writing task by means of appropriate reading strategies, such as, vocabulary strategies, language structure, paragraph structure, textual markers, selectivity, metacognitive monitoring, prediction, nominal... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)
Mestre

Le présent travail souhaite contribuer à la recherche sur des créations documentaires indépendantes dans la Chine contemporaine qui se confrontent à l’histoire nationale. Dans un contexte intellectuel et artistique d’exhumation et transmission de faits encore enfouis, refoulés ou privés de représentation publique, nous observons trois cas exemplaires à cet égard : HU Jie, le Folk Memory Project du Caochangdi Workstation, et MAO Chenyu. Nous tentons dans notre étude de caractériser les propositions et gestes principaux de leur recherche d’écriture documentaire. Pour HU Jie, le geste principal est aussi le geste séminal du documentaire classique : établir les faits. À partir d’une réflexion sur les matériaux collectés et sur les images d’archive, HU Jie s’interroge sur la mise en forme de son sujet et sur les principes d’intelligibilité du réel que son écriture documentaire met en œuvre. Projet collectif à l’initiative du cinéaste WU Wenguang et de la chorégraphe WEN Hui, l’entreprise du Folk Memory Project consiste à s’engager des amateur-filmeurs ou de simples citoyens qui retournent dans leurs propres villages, filment et recueillent les témoignages de leurs proches ayant connu la Grande famine (1958-1961) en Chine. Le projet conçoit ainsi la pratique documentaire comme geste à la fois de création, d’interrogation, de transmission et d’introspection. MAO Chenyu, quant à lui, centre son travail sur le monde rural ainsi que la vie paysanne en Chine. En cultivant des formes fragmentaires, en recherche perpétuelle d’une articulation possible du cinéma avec d’autre pratiques actuelles et à venir, l’écriture documentaire de MAO Chenyu propose une démarche qui s’apparente à une ethnologie historique. Ces trois œuvres participent de l’écriture d’une histoire critique en images et en sons, qui réclame de devenir collective et plurielle
This dissertation wishes to contribute to the studies about the independent documentary film creations in contemporary China which confront national history. In an intellectual and artistic context, where the exhumation and transmission of the buried facts are repressed or bereft of public representation, we would like to observe three exemplary cases in this regard : HU Jie, Folk Memory Project, and MAO Chenyu. Our study will try to characterise the different propositions and the principal gestures in their experimentations of documentary writing style.For HU Jie, the principal gesture is also the seminal gesture of classical documentary filmmaking : to establish the facts. Based on collected testimonials and archival footage, HU Jie explores in his practice how the subjects of his films and the historical facts would come to shape intelligibly. Folk Memory Project is an ongoing participatory documentary experience that engages amateur filmmakers or citizens to go back to their families’ rural villages, and film elders’ memories about difficult times. The project sees its practice as creation, investigation, transmission, but also intimate introspection. In the case of MAO Chenyu, who centers his work in the rural region and China’s peasantry, with his innovative approach that explores perpetually about the possible articulation between cinema and other practices, his work provides an ethnographic thinking to history writing.These three practices all participate to the critical approach of history writing in sounds and images, which reclaims history's collective and plurality becoming

Ces dix dernières années, plusieurs centaines de web-documentaires ont été publiés sur Internet. Si ce format émergent connaît un succès d’estime important auprès des professionnels des médias, son design ne va pas de soi. Dès lors, comment les théories du cinéma documentaire et des médias informatisés éclairent-elles les métamorphoses médiatiques caractéristiques de ces « nouvelles écritures » ? Quels sont les enjeux ontologico-esthétiques et communicationnels d’un documentaire interactif ? Quel rôle et quel pouvoir l’instance d’énonciation doit-elle octroyer à un « spectateur-actant » ? Afin de répondre à ces questions, un état des lieux de la production francophone permet tout d’abord d’établir une typologie des différents modes d’interaction. Ensuite, une approche ethnographique, fondée sur une observation participante du design de B4, fenêtres sur tour, au sein de France Télévisions, interroge l’ensemble des controverses socio-techniques et sémio-pragmatiques qui jalonnent les six mois de conception. Une analyse par théorisation ancrée met en exergue les différentes dimensions d’un Utilisateur Modèle négociées, de manière plus ou moins implicite, par l’ensemble des acteurs. Enfin, les usages supposés du web-documentaire sont confrontés à une évaluation de l’expérience utilisateur. Les jonctions et disjonctions entre les figures d’un Utilisateur Modèle, Statistique et Empirique contribuent in fine à mieux appréhender le design de ce format hybride et non stabilisé
In the last few years, several hundred interactive documentaries (i-docs) have been published on the Internet. If many media professionals prize the i-doc format, its design remains a challenging feat. Given this, what light do film documentary theories and digital media shed on the mediated metamorphoses that typify the “New Writings” movement? What are the communicational and ontologico-aesthetic issues of i-docs? What role and what power should an instance of enunciation accord to the “actant-spectator”?In response to these questions, our study of the current state of the French-speaking production scene brought to the fore a typology of interaction modes. Following this observation, an ethnographic approach, based on a participant observation method, questioned the overall sociotechnical and semio-graphic issues that marked the six-month design process of an i-doc called B4, fenêtres sur tour for the State-run France Télévisions. A Grounded Theory analysis of the data highlighted the different dimensions of a more or less implicit negotiated Model User used by the actors. Finally, the purported uses of i-docs were questioned in evaluating users’ experience. The junctions and disjunctions involving the interaction of the User, Statistical and Empirical Models contributed to a better grasp of the designing of the hybrid and non-stabilised i-doc format

Cette thèse cherche à explorer les régimes de patrimonialisation des patrimoines, ou encore de patrimonialité des patrimoines, à partir des dynamiques sociales d’identification, de reconnaissance et de mise en valeur des objets dits « patrimoines ». Pour autant, s’opère une interprétation communicationnelle envisageant la compréhension d’une productivité discursive de la valeur patrimoniale. En d’autres termes, nous nous intéressons à la construction du sens patrimonial à partir du discours social. Ce travail s’efforce alors à décrire la patrimonialisation comme un mouvement qui se transforme et s’actualise à partir du discours des différents acteurs impliqués : détenteurs, amateurs, praticiens, associatifs, chercheurs, institutionnels, entre autres. C’est pourquoi nous considérons le discours depuis sa force illocutoire, ce qui nous permet de l’identifier comme une action qui vise « faire-faire » (Austin, [1962] 1970) ou encore « faire agir ». À cet égard, nous avons élaboré un dispositif méthodologique d’écriture webdocumentaire dans la finalité d’analyser sémio-pragmatiquement les différents discours collectés et provoqués lors des nos observations. Pour lors, notre dispositif méthodologique d’écriture webdocumentaire nous autorise la manipulation d’un ensemble de documents hétérogènes, c’est-à-dire l’organisation et la mise en forme, dans l’objectif d’exposer les possibles agencements d’acteurs et l’engendrement d’actions et de sens patrimoniaux. De cette manipulation, considérée comme l’« écriture intermédiaire » (Achard, 1994) de notre recherche, se manifeste peu à peu une conception « rhizomatique » (Deleuze et Guattari, 1980) de la patrimonialisation, où les acteurs sont tout à la fois agis et agissants de ce mouvement en perpétuelle transformation. L’idée d’un « Rhizome » des rhizomes patrimoniaux évolue durant les chapitres de ce mémoire de thèse nous révélant un mouvement patrimonial qui agence les acteurs et engendre les sens. Tel mouvement rhizomatique est notamment producteur de réflexions sur le passé « qui emprunte des signifiés au présent et ouvre les chemins pour le futur » (Mattos et Abreu, 2005)
This thesis seeks to explore the regimes of patrimonialization of patrimonies, or patrimonial heritage, based on social dynamics of identification, recognition and enhancement of objects called "patrimonies". However, there is a communicational interpretation envisaging the understanding of a discursive productivity of the patrimonial value. In other words, we are interested in the construction of the patrimonial sense from the social discourse. Through the realization of two field surveys, in the city of Valença, in the region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and in the "Territoire des Garrigues", in the Occitanie region, in France, we question how an object material or immaterial, is likely to become heritage through symbolic productions. A third observation, of distinct characteristics, was important for the development of this research: it is the "Ninth session of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage", an event which took place in November 2014 in the UNESCO Headquarters, Paris. This work attempts to describe the heritage as a movement that is transformed and actualized from the discourse of the different actors involved: owners, amateurs, practitioners, associations, researchers, institutional, among others. This is why we consider the discourse from its illocutionary force, which allows us to identify it as an action that aims to "make-do" (Austin, [1962] 1970) or "to make action". In this respect, we have developed a methodological method of webdocumentary writing with the aim of analyzing semio-pragmatically the different discourses collected and provoked during our observations. This device gives us the initiative to produce and manipulate different formats of documents, such as audio-visual, sound, photographic and cartographic. Added to this production is the collection of a heterogeneity of documents produced by the actors themselves or by third parties. Therefore, our methodological method of webdocumentary writing allows us to manipulate this set of heterogeneous documents, that is to say the organization and formatting, with the aim of exposing the possible layouts of actors. and the begetting of actions and patrimonial meanings. From this manipulation, considered as the "intermediate writing" (Achard, 1994) of our research, is gradually emerging a "rhizomatic" conception (Deleuze and Guattari, 1980) of the patrimonialisation, where the actors are at the same time act and act of this movement in perpetual transformation. The idea of ​​a "rhizome" of heritage rhizomes evolves during the chapters of this thesis revealing a patrimonial movement that organizes the actors and generates the senses. This rhizomatic movement is notably the producer of reflections on the past "which borrows from the signified in the present and opens the way for the future" (Mattos and Abreu, 2005). Patrimonialization described as a "Heritage Rhizome" becomes an integrated exercise in the public space, also allowing us to open up to other conceptions of public space
Esta tese tem por objetivo explorar os regimes de patrimonialização dos patrimônios, ou ainda de patrimonialidade dos patrimônios, através das dinâmicas sociais de identificação, de reconhecimento e de valorização dos objetos ditos “patrimônios”. No entanto, opera-se uma interpretação comunicacional com o propósito de compreender a produtividade discursiva do valor patrimonial. Em outras palavras, nós nos interessamos pela construção do sentido patrimonial à partir do discurso social. Este trabalho esforça-se em descrever a patrimonialização como um movimento que se transforma e se atualiza à partir do discurso dos diferentes atores envolvidos : detentores, amadores, praticantes, associativos, pesquisadores, institucionais, entre outros. Portanto, consideramos o discurso desde sua força ilocutória, o que nos permite identificá-lo como uma ação que busca “fazer-fazer” (Austin, [1962] 1970) ou ainda “fazer agir”. Para tanto, elaboramos um dispositivo metodológico de escrita webdocumentária afim de analisar semio-pragmaticamente os diferentes discursos coletados e provocados durante nossas observações. Logo, nosso dispositivo metodológico de escrita webdocumental nos autoriza a manipulação de um conjunto de documentos heterogêneos, ou seja a sua organização e edição, no intuito de expor possíveis associações entre os atores e o engendramento de ações e de sentidos patrimoniais. Desta manipulação, considerada como a “escrita intermediária” (Achard, 1994) da nossa pesquisa, se descobre pouco a pouco uma concepção “rizomática” (Deleuze e Guattari, 1980) de patrimonialização, onde os atores são ao mesmo tempo agidos e ativos de um movimento em constante transformação. A ideia de um “Rizoma” dos rizomas patrimoniais evolui durante os capítulos desta dissertação de tese nos revelando um movimento patrimonial que associa os atores e engendra os sentidos. Tal movimento rizomático é particularmente produtor de reflexões sobre o passado “que empresta significados para o presente e abre novos caminhos para o futuro” (Mattos e Abreu, 2005)

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The present research entitled The Reader Building in the Elementary Education: Documental Analysis of the one Pedagogical Collection , has an objective to demonstrate the quality of the theorical contents and consequently, of the methodological procedures in teaching reading in the Elementary Education. The Theorical option for critical-reflexive analysis made in this research is centered in the most recent studies of language, based in the Sociological Critic Bakhtiniana and of Vygotsky, with emphasis on the ideological nature of language and text. In what it refers to the description part and analysis of the educational practice (Study of Case). It s opted for the qualitative Research, defining as a method, Data Collection, and the Documental Analysis. The Documental Analysis has permitted identify information, in the researched documents (pedagogical collection), which have served as basic element for the research, for the verification and hypothesis confirmations that the Elementary Education has been working on construction of the Reading starting from theorical concepts, at least, incomplete, in relation to the new theories of the language and reading. Thus, this research regard a description and critical reflection on the analysis of the Collection of Pedagogical Books entitled Assembly and Dismount of Texts , to the Elementary Education. The analysis is therefore, for documental character, because it takes as objective the reservation, the Volumes of the Pedagogical Collection quote.
A presente pesquisa, intitulada A Construção do Leitor na Educação Fundamental: Análise Documental de uma Coleção Didática, tem como objetivo demonstrar o nível de qualidade dos conteúdos teóricos e os procedimentos metodológicos inscritos no Livro Didático para o ensino da leitura, na Educação Fundamental. A opção teórica para análise crítico-reflexiva das práticas metodológicas descritas nesta pesquisa se centra nos estudos mais recentes da linguagem, voltados para a Critica Sociológica Bakhtiniana e de Vygotsky, com ênfase na natureza ideológica da linguagem e do texto. No que se refere à descrição e análise da prática educacional (Estudo de Caso), optou-se pela Pesquisa Qualitativa, definindo-se como método de Coleta dos Dados, a Análise Documental. A Análise Documental permitiu identificar informações nos documentos pesquisados (livros didáticos), que serviram de corpo básico da pesquisa, para verificação e comprovação da hipótese inicial de que a Educação Fundamental vem trabalhando a construção da leitura a partir de conceitos teóricos, no mínimo, incompletos, em relação às novas teorias da linguagem e da leitura. Assim, esta pesquisa contempla uma descrição e reflexão crítica sobre a análise da Coleção de Livros Didáticos intitulada Montagem e Desmontagem de Textos, destinada às quatro séries iniciais de escolarização (Ensino Fundamental _ Ciclo I). A análise é, portanto, de caráter documental, pois toma como objeto de observação, os Volumes da Coleção Didática citada.

Esta tese estuda, a partir de uma perspectiva filológica, os escritos que acompanhavam as crianças depositadas anonimamente na roda dos expostos, para que fossem criadas pelas Misericórdias. A partir de pesquisas de campo em quatro arquivos, localizados nas Santas Casas de Misericórdia de São Paulo, Salvador, Rio de Janeiro e Lisboa, constituímos um corpus de 60 escritos, com datas entre 1790 e 1923. Examinamos o contexto de circulação desses escritos, a definição de termos frequentes e/ou próprios do estudo das rodas dos expostos e tratamos dos contextos institucional, jurídico e histórico das rodas dos expostos. Apresentamos a reprodução fac-similar, a transcrição semidiplomática do corpus da pesquisa e a descrição codicológica dos escritos. Por meio da análise diplomática do corpus, examinamos os elementos extrínsecos e intrínsecos que o caracterizam. A presença de sinais, que permitiriam o resgate futuro da criança depositada, é própria dos escritos da roda. Há vários sinais nos escritos do corpus, os quais podem ser tanto elementos textuais como não-textuais. Dividimos o estudo do texto dos escritos em duas partes principais: a expositio, na qual o autor fornece as informações sobre o exposto que considera importantes (o nome da criança, a data de nascimento e o fato de a criança estar ou não batizada); e a dispositio, em que o autor manifesta suas vontades e intenções ao destinatário (de maneira geral, relacionadas aos sinais e ao resgate da criança). A partir do estudo tipológico, concluímos que grande parte dos escritos da roda corresponde à espécie documental carta, tanto em sua função quanto em sua forma. Observamos também a ocorrência, em menor número, de outros padrões tipológicos, que correspondem ao poema, à narrativa, e à lista de dados. Embora haja alteração da forma, nos quatro tipos de escrito identificados sempre constam as informações essenciais sobre o exposto. Essa regularidade nos escritos da roda revela que, mesmo não se tratando de documentos oficiais, os escritos da roda apresentam-se como documentos informais de identificação da criança. Apesar de não haver fórmulas oficialmente prescritas, os escritos apresentam, por padrões inferidos, uma prática tipológica que se caracteriza como parte da cultura da roda.
Based on a philological perspective, this dissertation has studied the writing notes that accompanied the babies anonymously left at the Foundling Wheels to be raised by the charitable hospitals Misericordias (Holy Houses of Mercy). Conducting field research studies of four files at Santa Casa de Misericordia in Sao Paulo, Salvador, Rio de Janeiro, and Lisbon, we have built a corpus of 60 writing notes dated from 1790 to 1923. We have examined the context of circulation of said writings, the definition of frequent and/or proper terms from Foundling Wheels studies and considered the institutional, legal and historical background of the Foundling Wheels. We present the fax-simile reproduction, the semi-diplomatic transcription of the documents and the codicological description of the notes. Based on the diplomatic analysis of the corpus, we have examined the intrinsic and extrinsic elements that characterize them. The presence of signals that would enable future reclaim of the abandoned child is part of the writings found in the Wheels. There are many indications in the corpus writings, which may include textual and non-textual elements. We have divided the study of the writings into two main parts: expositio, in which the author provides information about the foundling (name of the child, date of birth, and whether the child had been baptized), and dispositio, in which the author states her/ his wills and intentions to the recipient (generally related to the signals and the child future reclaim). Based on typology studies, we have concluded that most of the writings from the Wheel corresponded to the document type letter, both in its function and format. We have also observed less frequent examples of other typological formats, such as poems, narratives, and lists. Even though the format is different, all four identified types included some essential information about the foundlings. This regularity of the Wheels\' writings indicates that, even though they were not official documents, these writings served as informal identification documents of the children. Although there are no officially prescribed formulas, we can infer that these writings have a typology that is characterized as part of the Foundling Wheel culture.

Orientador: Paulo Rennes Marçal Ribeiro
Banca: Arilda Ines Miranda Ribeiro
Banca: Eliane Rose Maio Braga
Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar e analisar as concepções acerca da sexualidade e de comportamentos e condutas sexuais, construídas a partir da incorporação de informações e valores adquiridos sob o olhar, regras e relações estabelecidas com as orientações jesuíticas no primeiro século do período colonial brasileiro, representadas pelo discurso de Manuel da Nóbrega em suas cartas e que podem ser considerados os primeiros documentos sobre educação sexual no Brasil. A cultura sexual brasileira foi forjada ao longo da história, na medida em que atitudes e comportamentos, valores e normas sociais, determinações religiosas e influências dos diferentes povos íam dando forma a essa cultura. A semente dessa cultura foi germinada durante o período colonial quando chegaram os primeiros conquistadores e teve início o processo de miscigenação racial. Na atribuição do que é certo ou errado, normal ou patológico, aceitável ou inadmissível está implícito, de acordo com Michel Foucault, um amplo exercício de poder que socialmente discrimina, separa e classifica. Desta forma, as relações e influências religiosas sob esse campo temático elucidam questões pertinentes que necessitam ser observadas para que se possa entender a difusão de idéias sexuais no período. A análise de 23 escritos do Padre Manuel da Nóbrega, primeiro jesuíta a trazer os preceitos cristãos da Companhia de Jesus para o Brasil, passou a ter grande relevância científica para o construto da educação sexual brasileira, posto que em suas linhas encontra-se rico material sobre as atitudes sexuais vigentes na sociedade brasileira do século XVI, juntamente com prescrições, valores e condutas consideradas aceitáveis pela Igreja.
Abstract: The target of this work is investigate and analyze the conceptions about sexuality and sexual behaviors and conducts, build through incorporation of informations and values obtained under the view, rules and relations based with the Jesuit orientations in the first century of Brazilian colonial age, represented by Manuel da Nóbrega's speech in his letters and it could be considered the first documents about the Brazilian sexual education. The Brazilian sexual culture was formed through the history, at the same time that acts and behaviors, values and social rules, religious determinations and foreigner influences gave to this culture a form. The seeds of this culture was formed during the Colonial age, at the first conquerors' arrive and the miscegenation process begun. In the attribution of what is right or wrong, normal or pathological, acceptable or not are implicit, according Michel Foucault, a large exercise of power that socially discriminates, separates and classifies it. This way, the religious relations and influences under this thematic field solve relevant questions that need be observed in order to understand the distribution of sexual ideas in the period. The analysis of 23 Father Manuel da Nóbrega's writings, first Jesuit to bring to Brazil the Christian precepts of Company of Jesus, it passed to gain large scientific relevance for the building of Brazilian sexual education, since that in his lines we can find extensive material about sexual attitudes used in sixteenth century Brazilian society, with prescriptions, values and behaviors considered acceptable for the Church.
Mestre

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar e analisar as concepções acerca da sexualidade e de comportamentos e condutas sexuais, construídas a partir da incorporação de informações e valores adquiridos sob o olhar, regras e relações estabelecidas com as orientações jesuíticas no primeiro século do período colonial brasileiro, representadas pelo discurso de Manuel da Nóbrega em suas cartas e que podem ser considerados os primeiros documentos sobre educação sexual no Brasil. A cultura sexual brasileira foi forjada ao longo da história, na medida em que atitudes e comportamentos, valores e normas sociais, determinações religiosas e influências dos diferentes povos íam dando forma a essa cultura. A semente dessa cultura foi germinada durante o período colonial quando chegaram os primeiros conquistadores e teve início o processo de miscigenação racial. Na atribuição do que é certo ou errado, normal ou patológico, aceitável ou inadmissível está implícito, de acordo com Michel Foucault, um amplo exercício de poder que socialmente discrimina, separa e classifica. Desta forma, as relações e influências religiosas sob esse campo temático elucidam questões pertinentes que necessitam ser observadas para que se possa entender a difusão de idéias sexuais no período. A análise de 23 escritos do Padre Manuel da Nóbrega, primeiro jesuíta a trazer os preceitos cristãos da Companhia de Jesus para o Brasil, passou a ter grande relevância científica para o construto da educação sexual brasileira, posto que em suas linhas encontra-se rico material sobre as atitudes sexuais vigentes na sociedade brasileira do século XVI, juntamente com prescrições, valores e condutas consideradas aceitáveis pela Igreja.
The target of this work is investigate and analyze the conceptions about sexuality and sexual behaviors and conducts, build through incorporation of informations and values obtained under the view, rules and relations based with the Jesuit orientations in the first century of Brazilian colonial age, represented by Manuel da Nóbrega’s speech in his letters and it could be considered the first documents about the Brazilian sexual education. The Brazilian sexual culture was formed through the history, at the same time that acts and behaviors, values and social rules, religious determinations and foreigner influences gave to this culture a form. The seeds of this culture was formed during the Colonial age, at the first conquerors’ arrive and the miscegenation process begun. In the attribution of what is right or wrong, normal or pathological, acceptable or not are implicit, according Michel Foucault, a large exercise of power that socially discriminates, separates and classifies it. This way, the religious relations and influences under this thematic field solve relevant questions that need be observed in order to understand the distribution of sexual ideas in the period. The analysis of 23 Father Manuel da Nóbrega’s writings, first Jesuit to bring to Brazil the Christian precepts of Company of Jesus, it passed to gain large scientific relevance for the building of Brazilian sexual education, since that in his lines we can find extensive material about sexual attitudes used in sixteenth century Brazilian society, with prescriptions, values and behaviors considered acceptable for the Church.

Comment les mutations scripturaires contribuèrent-elles à la redéfinition des documents nécrologiques au Bas Moyen Âge et à leur adaptation aux enjeux nouveaux pour qu’ils remplissent leur fonction : assurer le salut des âmes des morts ? Le corpus du diocèse de Strasbourg révèle, derrière les apparences de la tradition, la diversification des documents nécrologiques et une différenciation plus nette entre manuscrits liturgiques et administratifs. Au sein d’un réseau documentaire de la memoria plus complexe, ils jouèrent un rôle dans la normalisation et la rationalisation des pratiques liturgiques et administratives, surtout à partir du XVe siècle. Ils répondirent ainsi aux besoins internes des institutions religieuses, participèrent à la réforme de l’Église et construisirent une communauté anthropologique des vivants et des morts
How did the scriptural changes contribute to the re-definition the necrological documents in the late Middle Ages and their adaptation to new challenges, so as to allow the performance of their function: ensuring the salvation of the soul of the dead ? The corpus of the diocese of Strasbourg reveals that beyond appearances of tradition, necrological documents diversified, a clearer differentiation between liturgical and administrative manuscripts emerged. Within the more complex documentary network of the memoria, they played a role in the normalisation and rationalisation of liturgical and administrative practices, especially from the fifteenth century onwards. While meeting with the internal needs of religious institutions, they also participated in the reform of the Church and built an anthropological community of the living and the dead

L’attribution d’un style à un auteur peut constituer un enjeu problématique. Certains « cas » surprennent, tel le cas du Roman de Violette. Au-delà de l’enjeu socio-littéraire, un enjeu stylistique s’impose. Trois voies de la recherché s’ouvrent : celle de l’analyse de l’écriture selon chacun des « auteurs supposés », celle de l’analyse biographique et historique; celle de la composition et configuration linguistique du matériau verbal constituant le « style » où l’analyse quantitative apporte sa contribution. À partir du corpus étudié (Le Roman de Violette, Une Aventure d’amour d’Alexandre Dumas et Les Cousines de la colonelle de la Marquise de Mannoury d’Ectot) la question a été posée de l’attribution de l’oeuvre publiée sous les noms d’Alexandre Dumas-père et de la Marquise de Mannoury d’Ectot. Pour atteindre cet objectif, il a été nécessaire d’appliquer plusieurs méthodes de type philologique : enquête biographique et contextuelle, analyse des biographies et des correspondances, analyse linguistique et stylistique couplée à des méthodes d’analyses quantitatives.Pour l’attribution des œuvres, la thèse croise diverses approches statistiques. Celle liée à la « théorie de reconnaissance des formes » élaborée au laboratoire d’Études linguistiques appliquées de l’Université d’État de Saint-Pétersbourg – expérimentée pour la première fois sur la langue française – est apparue décisive quant aux résultats obtenus. Elle permet de conclure, à partir de l’analyses systématique d’éléments syntaxiques, que Le Roman de Violette appartient à Mannoury d’Ectot. Or, les résultats de l’analyse littéraire et biographique laissent à supposer que l’idée du texte est à Dumas
The attribution of a style to an author may constitute a problematic stake. Certain "cases" surprise, such as the case of Le Roman de Violette, published under the names of Alexandre Dumas-father and Henriette de Mannoury d’Ectot. Beyond the socio-literary stake, a stylistic stake leads. Three different ways open to the search: first, the biographic analysis; second, the stylistic analysis; third, the composition and the linguistic configuration of the verbal material constituting the "style", a search for which the quantitative analysis will be used. From the studied corpus (Le Roman de Violette, Les Cousines de la colonelle of Henriette de Mannouryd’Ectot, Une aventure d’amour of Dumas) the question of the role of Dumas and Mannoury d’Ectot in the creation of Le Roman de Violette was asked. To reach this objective, it turned out necessary to apply several methods of philological analysis: biographic anaysis, analysis of archival documents, linguistic and stylistic analysis coupled with quantitative methods. For the attribution of the novel, the thesis crosses different approaches. That based on the "theory of pattern recognition” elaborated in the Laboratory of Applied Linguistic Studies of the Saint-Petersburg State University - used for the first time on the French language - seemed decisive to obtain our results. This method allows to conclude, from the systematic analysis of syntactical elements, that the novel «Le Roman de Violette» was created by Mannoury d’Ectot, however the literary analysis gives a handle to suppose that the plot of the novel belong to Alexandre Dumas

碩士
實踐大學
媒體傳達設計學系碩士在職專班
104
On the life journey, each of us sometimes suffers from the major death of his/her beloved ones. In this moment, everyone usually experiences intense convergence of the memories such as people’s figure, smell, sounds of each other. It is during this time period that the images of death will continuously generate in large amounts. Combining present, past and future real images as well as fantasy, these images are elusive and are subject to emotion fluctuation in the brain. In this paper, the author first reflects on the image generated from the death of beloved ones. Through the review of French scholar Henri Bergson and Gilles Deleuze’s philosophy of image theory, the author then reconstructs “The Time-Image Model” and “The Image Crystal Formation Model” that combined timeline, perceptual system and memory system to assist in the movie creation process. By regarding specific “death event” as the critical time point for the formation of one’s “image-crystal”, this paper proposes the generation of the images during this period and further discusses the relationship between the image-crystal formation and subsequent creative works. The movie 《076903804》is a “Writing Style Family Experimental Documentary”. During the process of creation, the home movie material has been transformed into providing image viewers with sensory assimilation and the possibility of interpretation by image writing and books construction. The film increases its readability through experimental nonlinear image and audio clips editing. From reconstructing the philosophy of image theory to generating the image model, this paper aims to help creators clarify the relative position of external and internal images to the time, to the brain screen, to the real world and perception system. After conducting the systematic thinking via this model in the movie creation process, the study further probes into the difficulties and the viable part in bridging the gap between theory and creation.

This thesis is a two-part practice-based research project comprised of a Documentary Theatre play-script, ‘Flash Donahs’, and an accompanying exegesis, entitled, 'Stepping out of the Shadows': an examination of female larrikins in Melbourne and the influence of popular culture on their behaviour (1878-1888)’. This thesis is also comprised of a live performance and recording of ‘Flash Donahs’ (20/4/18). Despite the best efforts of a patriarchal ‘Victorian-era’ society to suppress female dissent and activism, the defiant and often confronting behaviour of larrikin women was a contributing social factor in the struggle for increased equality for women. ‘Flash Donahs’ embodies and performs the research undertaken into the lives of female larrikins. The Exegesis elucidates the choices taken in the construction of the play and provides an historical perspective to the research It also evaluates the use of Documentary Theatre when re-presenting archival artefacts in a contemporary theatrical context. Contrary to the derisive content of contemporary publications such as the Bulletin, young women were active participants in larrikin culture, and not merely the property of male larrikins (Bellanta 2012). In recent years, the work of Australian historians, particularly that of Melissa Bellanta, have initiated a change in our awareness of female larrikins by revealing that they were not simply subordinates of their male counterparts. Bellanta’s work, Larrikins: A History (2012) has informed the analytical and creative components of my thesis by showing that amidst the everyday aspects of their lives, young larrikin women were active participants in a broader struggle for female emancipation. ‘Flash Donahs’ is a re-presentation of gender-related issues in Melbourne during 1878-1888, and of two significant events1 affecting women during this period. In order to accentuate the female characters chosen to ‘people’ the world of the play, an all-female cast playing all the roles (including male roles), has been utilized. The characters in the play are based on actual people and events. They are mostly strong and independent women from a broad cross-section of life, including from the religious sector. They highlight the often oppressive socio-economic and cultural factors affecting young larrikin women from this period, and their responses to critical social issues such as inequality in the workplace and danger in the family environment. Because of the significant influence of popular culture in reinforcing gendered social values, their lives are shown in a theatrical and performative context using aspects of Victorian-era melodrama and burlesque (Bellanta 2012). Drawing upon a diverse range of archival sources and material, the research methodology was the creation of a Documentary Theatre play featuring popular songs and music. ‘Verbatim’ material was incorporated into the playscript but this was often disassembled and then used in a different setting. Wherever possible, the structure and syntax of the original textual material has been kept intact, even when using the technique of bricolage to construct dialogue between characters. The Exegesis situates ‘Flash Donahs’ within the history of Documentary Theatre, and also positions itself in relation to recent examples of the genre. Its aim is to examine and present new information about female larrikins and to do so in the context of feminist history, including recent feminist theatre practice. Within this practice, female writers, performers and producers have sought to highlight the roles played by women throughout history. It has also been argued that feminist theatre offers an opportunity to reverse the historical marginalization of women.

O graffiti Writing é um movimento que nasce nos anos 70 do Século XX em New York e Philadelphia e, ao longo de cinco décadas, espalhou-se globalmente. Como na maioria das subculturas urbanas, trata-se de um movimento de nicho e, apesar da grande quantidade de material que documenta este tema (como filmes documentários, revistas dedicadas e livros), continua sendo uma cultura marginal e críptica, com pouco conhecimento sobre as suas características da parte do grande público. A partir dos resultados da investigação, o presente plano de projeto pretende desenvolver a pré-produção para uma curta-metragem documental em animação tradicional sobre o Writing. Para tal, integram este planeamento a produção o guião, o storyboard, o design de personagens e de cenários, desenvolvidos a partir da investigação teórica e do trabalho de campo, com base na análise de entrevistas feitas a alguns artistas do movimento. No projeto de caráter teórico-prático, é realizada uma investigação sobre a história do documentário e da animação, a fim de contextualizar os conceitos, as características técnicas e formais; e ainda compreender as vantagens e limitações do uso da animação no documentário. A escolha possibilita um estudo da produção criativa na animação documental e a exploração de novos conceitos e, no caso concreto do projeto aplicado, é objetivo investigar e conectar a contribuição da animação à documentação e comunicação do Writing, decifrando sua interpretação para o público desinformado. A componente prática do projeto tem por base o trabalho de campo documental, com depoimentos e memórias emergidas das entrevistas a artistas do movimento. O trabalho documental é desenvolvido num contexto geográfico específico, na província de Ferrara, no norte da Itália.

碩士
國立中興大學
台灣文學與跨國文化研究所
101
This thesis looks into the interrelationship between water’s ecology and ethnic culture in Wu Ming-Yi’s nature writing, and Mayaw Biho, Ke Jin-Yuan’s documentary films, and explores what kind of ecological observations are presented through different types of media. Furthermore, this paper connects contemporary environmental issues in Taiwan to global ecological consciousness, and explores how water-related ecological consciousness functions in these process. Chapter II explores the interrelationship between natural ecology and ethnic culture in Ming-yi Wu’s So Much Water So Close to Home. Wu provides substantial reflections on water’s ecology in eastern Taiwan through historical and cultural backgrounds, scientific knowledge, as well as traditional ecological knowledge of aboriginals, and develops a discourse on water’s ecology in eastern Taiwan and global ecological consciousness. Chapter III explores the destruction of natural environment in modern city and its impact on aboriginal people’s lives in Mayaw Biho’s Children in Heaven and Our Home Beside the River. Through the issue of unplaced urban aboriginal people, and the power relation between aboriginal people and majority Han Chinese, this film becomes a reactive voice to the mainstream thinking of developmentalism. Chapter IV explores the marine ecosystem’s pollution by KuoKuang Petrochemical Project and other petrochemical industry in southwestern Taiwan in Jin-Yuan’s Ke Ebb and Flow and Formosa V.S Formosa. After discussing how the director represents the symbiosis between traditional economy industry and local environment, I provide an overview of the interaction between environmental documentaries and various ecological issues in Taiwan. As a whole, this thesis explores the mutual-belonging interactions and relationships between human and nature from water environmental issues in Taiwan''s different regions, and criticizes the mainstream thinking in the modernization process that ignored the value of nature and environmental justice. In addition, this paper also reflects on alternative thinking about regional development from traditional culture and history with ecological implications, and further tries to connect regional issues and practices to contemporary global ecological consciousness.

This study examines in detail the archival functions and practices that determine the sedimentation of records that have been generated in offices. Archival sedimentation, as it is understood in the Italian context, is the process by which records interrelate to create aggregations that document the activities performed by records creators. A fundamental role in this sedimentation process is played by classification, which provides the rules that govern these relationships, guaranteeing a meaningful context to records, as well as intellectual control over them. Despite the importance of classification for managing records, literature on this specific topic is scarce. Thus, this research examines the concept of classification, and provides clarification to distinguish it from other concepts that are indistinctly used, such as filing and arrangement. The records classification scheme, an essential tool traditionally used to classify and file records, is examined in the current digital environment, as new technological solutions for establishing records relationships have emerged. Traditional hierarchical records classification schemes, their constitutive elements, divisional criteria and methodologies for construction are analyzed, as are other tools currently used to simplify classification tasks, multiply records relationships and increase access points for retrieval. Findings show that the hierarchical structural relationships are still necessary to manage digital records, as are associative relations. Both types of relationship are used in records classification schemes, although at different levels of the scheme. Surprisingly, the construction of records classification schemes is almost unexplored within the archival discipline, which proposes general, scattered and dissimilar structures and few methodologies for their elaboration. This research presents a compendium of principles and methodological steps to be followed, highlighting the issue (still unresolved) of identifying classification elements such as functions, activities and transactions. Findings show that the analytical process that needs to be followed to identify these elements is based on both the functional and sequential analyses of the work processes/activities that generate records. However, the work process analysis for records is currently not consistently applied due to the high level expertise and interdisciplinary work it requires. Finally, another neglected topic within the archival literature, that of procedures for classification and filing, is also analyzed, as users need guidance on how these operations should be properly executed.

This dissertation presents the first full grammatical description of unprompted (spontaneous) speech in pidgin Chinook Jargon [synonyms Chinúk Wawa, Chinook]. The data come from a dialect I term ‘Kamloops Chinúk Wawa’, used in southern interior British Columbia circa 1900. I also present the first historical study and structural analysis of the shorthand-based ‘Chinuk pipa’ alphabet in which Kamloops Chinúk Wawa was written, primarily by Salish people. This study is made possible by the discovery of several hundred such texts, which I have transliterated and analyzed. The Basic Linguistic Theory-inspired (cf. Dixon 2010a,b) framework used here interprets Kamloops Chinúk Wawa as surprisingly ramified in morphological and syntactic structure, a finding in line with recent studies reexamining the status of pidgins by Bakker (e.g. 2003a,b, forthcoming) among others. Among the major findings: an unusually successful pidgin literacy including a widely circulated newspaper Kamloops Wawa, and language planning by the missionary J.M.R. Le Jeune, O.M.I. He planned both for the use of Kamloops Chinúk Wawa and this alphabet, and for their replacement by English. Additional sociolinguistic factors determining how Chinuk pipa was written included Salish preferences for learning to write by whole-word units (rather than letter by letter), and toward informal intra-community teaching of this first group literacy. In addition to compounding and conversion of lexical roots, Kamloops Chinúk Wawa morphology exploited three types of preposed grammatical morphemes—affixes, clitics, and particles. Virtually all are homonymous with and grammaticalized from demonstrably lexical morphs. Newly identified categories include ‘out-of-control’ transitivity marking and discourse markers including ‘admirative’ and ‘inferred’. Contrary to previous claims about Chinook Jargon (cf. Vrzic 1999), no overt passive voice exists in Kamloops Chinúk Wawa (nor probably in pan-Chinook Jargon), but a previously unknown ‘passivization strategy’ of implied agent demotion is brought to light. A realis-irrealis modality distinction is reflected at several scopal levels: phrase, clause and sentence. Functional differences are observed between irrealis clauses before and after main clauses. Polar questions are restricted to subordinate clauses, while alternative questions are formed by simple juxtaposition of irrealis clauses. Main-clause interrogatives are limited to content-question forms, optionally with irrealis marking. Positive imperatives are normally signaled by a mood particle on a realis clause, negative ones by a negative particle. Aspect is marked in a three-part ingressive-imperfective-completive system, with a marginal fourth ‘conative’. One negative operator has characteristically clausal, and another phrasal, scope. One copula is newly attested. Degree marking is largely confined to ‘predicative’ adjectives (copula complements). Several novel features of pronoun usage possibly reflect Salish L1 grammatical habits: a consistent animacy distinction occurs in third-person pronouns, where pan-Chinook Jargon 'iaka' (animate singular) and 'klaska' (animate plural) contrast with a null inanimate object/patient; this null and 'iaka' are non-specified for number; in intransitives, double exponence (repetition) of pronominal subjects is common; and pan-Chinook Jargon 'klaksta' (originally ‘who?’) and 'klaska' (originally ‘they’) vary freely with each other. Certain etymologically content-question forms are used also as determiners. Kamloops Chinúk Wawa’s numeral system is unusually regular and small for a pidgin; numerals are also used ordinally in a distinctly Chinook Jargon type of personal name. There is a null allomorph of the preposition 'kopa'. This preposition has additionally a realis complementizer function (with nominalized predicates) distinct from irrealis 'pus' (with verbal ones). Conjunction 'pi' also has a function in a syntactic focus-increasing and -reducing system.
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