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1
Baranowski, Paweł, et Jan Jacek Sztaudynger. « Marriage, divorce and economic growth ». Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym 22, no 1 (30 mars 2019) : 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.22.1.03.
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The aim of the study is to estimate the impact of the so-called family social capital (family ties capital) on economic growth. We hypothesise that marital dissolution expresses decrease in the capacity for cooperation, collaboration and sharing responsibility not only within the family but also on a professional level. Thus, an increase in the divorce to marriage rate is accompanied by a slowdown in economic growth.
The divorce rate is regarded here as an indirect cause of the slowdown. The reasons stem from the breakdown of cooperation and collaboration, as well as increased risk, trust reduction, and the shortening of the decision-making time horizon accompanying divorces and resulting from divorces. These phenomena directly affect the working members of the family in which a divorce takes place. According to the main hypothesis, their impact is transferred to professional life and concerns employee teams.
For the study, we employ econometric models, the first one for Poland and the second for 15 European Union countries, for the period 1993–2017.
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de Mesquita, Shirley Pereira, et Wallace Patrick Santos de Farias Souza. « Child labor and family structure : the role of divorce ». International Journal of Social Economics 45, no 10 (8 octobre 2018) : 1453–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-07-2017-0287.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of family structure on child labor by comparing children of nuclear families headed by the father with children of single-mother families headed by the divorced mother. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses data from Brazilian urban areas provided by the Brazilian Demographic Census of 2010. The empirical approach consists of the estimation of three treatment effect models: the Average Treatment Effect, IV Treatment Effect and Two-Stage Estimator proposed by Lewbel (2012). Findings The main findings show that children of single-mother families headed by divorced mothers are more likely to work, compared to children living with both parents. This paper found evidence of a direct effect of family structure parents’ determinant on child participation in labor. The main hypothesis is that the absence of the father paired with exposure to family stress arising from marital dissolution is an indicator toward child labor. Practical implications This study implies that in order to combat child labor effectively, it is important to understand deeply its several causes and consider ruptures in family structure, such as divorce, as one of these factors. In addition, location and family’s characteristics also play a role on the decision of child labor. For instance, boys living at metropolis areas have less chance to work. Family’s head education and non-work income affects positively the child well-being by reducing the probability of child labor. On the other hand, the number of siblings increases the chance of child labor. Finally, the results of this study suggest policies to raise awareness among parents about the negative effects of child labor on children during both childhood and adulthood, and that social policies need to act beyond legislation and enforcement, but including family mobilization. Originality/value This paper estimates the impact of family structure on child labor using an empirical approach to deal with the endogeneity problem of the treatment.
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Steindl, Josef. « Reflexiones sobre el estado actual de la Economía ». Lecturas de Economía, no 16 (22 octobre 2011) : 237–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.le.n16a10379.
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Resumen En este artículo se examinan los principales cambios ocurridos en el pensamiento económico desde la revolución generada por Keynes y Kalecki; a partir de ésta se hace un recorrido general de los problemas y escollos que han llevado a la Economía a su estado actual; entre los principales se mencionan: un profundo divorcio de las ciencias sociales y de la historia, una especialización extrema, la aparición de un conjunto de modas intelectuales que han desviado la reflexión de los economistas de los problemas fundamentales de su campo y una inadecuada utilización de las matemáticas en Economía que ha desembocado en la construcción de modelos abstractos sin mayor contenido social. Teniendo en cuenta los problemas anteriores, en la última parte se esboza una serie de reflexiones que puede abrir nuevas perspectivas de trabajo e investigación. Abstract This paper examines the main changes of economic thought occurred alter the revolution generated by Keynes and Kalecki. Taking this as a point of departure we travel through the problems and difficulties which have led economics to its presented state. Among these problems we find: the deep divorce between social sciences and history, the extreme level of specialization, the adoption of a fashionable intellectual behavior which has deviated the economist’s reflection away from the fundamental issues of the discipline and an inadequate use of math in economics which has resulted in the construction of abstract models without any social contents. Considering this problems we find some reflections which could open some new perspectives in the work and research in economics.
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Malone, Patrick S., Jennifer E. Lansford, Domini R. Castellino, Lisa J. Berlin, Kenneth A. Dodge, John E. Bates et Gregory S. Pettit. « Divorce and Child Behavior Problems : Applying Latent Change Score Models to Life Event Data ». Structural Equation Modeling : A Multidisciplinary Journal 11, no 3 (juillet 2004) : 401–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328007sem1103_6.
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Wachter, Till von. « The Persistent Effects of Initial Labor Market Conditions for Young Adults and Their Sources ». Journal of Economic Perspectives 34, no 4 (1 novembre 2020) : 168–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.34.4.168.
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Unlucky young workers entering the labor market in recessions suffer a range of medium-to long-term consequences. This paper summarizes the findings of the growing empirical literature on this subject and uses it to assess economic models of career development. The literature finds large initial effects on earnings, labor supply, and wages that tend to fade after ten to fifteen years in the labor market, and that are accompanied by changes in occupation, job mobility, and employer characteristics. Adverse initial labor market entry also has persistent effects on a range of social outcomes, including timing and completed fertility, marriage and divorce, criminal activities, attitudes, and risky alcohol consumption. There is also evidence that early exposure to depressed labor market lowers health and raises mortality in middle age, patterns accompanied by a reopening of earnings gaps.
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Patowary, Masum Billah, et Israt Jahan Kakoly. « Impact of Socio-demographic Determinants on Individual Health in Bangladesh ». Journal of Social Sciences Research, no 91 (24 février 2023) : 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jssr.91.11.17.
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This study aims to investigate the impact of socio-demographic factors on health in Bangladesh using the World Health Survey dataset. Using the seemingly unrelated regression models the study reveals that female compared to male faces more challenges in terms of problems regarding mobility, self-care, bodily pain, sleeping, remembering and depression. The study also finds that as the level of education increases the severity of facing these problems reduces. Furthermore, people who are never married widowed and separated or divorced experience more problems in terms of self-care, remembrance, sleeping as well as depression compared to those who are currently married.
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Artemyeva, Yulia. « Economic dimensions and legal regulation of the recovery of alimony obligations for the support of minor children in Russia ». Journal of Eastern European and Central Asian Research (JEECAR) 8, no 4 (15 décembre 2021) : 640–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15549/jeecar.v8i4.813.
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The research aims to substantiate economic factors and legal regulation of alimony obligations for minors’ maintenance in Russia, referring to other countries’ experiences and applying a questionnaire, indicators of the parents’ well-being, the satisfaction of the child’s needs, and parents’ participation in raising a child after a divorce was determined as can be seen in Russia, the USA, Germany, and France. Regression models are built reflecting the influence of the number of alimony payments, the indicator of parent’s participation in raising a child, the opportunity costs associated with the choice made by each spouse in favor of the family and children, on the integral indicator of the effectiveness of alimony obligations and its particular indicators. The results obtained have determined the guidelines for forming legal regulation of alimony obligations in Russia, which will increase the legislative efficiency of the recovery of alimony payments
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Loureiro, Paulo Roberto Amorim, Tito Belchior Silva Moreira et Adolfo Sachsida. « Does the effect of media influence suicide rates ? » Journal of Economic Studies 42, no 3 (10 août 2015) : 415–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-08-2013-0106.
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Purpose – An important question about the determinants of suicide refers to the role of media. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to investigate if there are groups of people who are susceptible to suicide as a result of the effect of media. Design/methodology/approach – Using data for the 27 Brazilian states, for the period 1980-2009, to investigate the impact of the media index, unemployment rate, divorce rate and other explanatory variables on the rate of suicide by gender and age. First of all, the authors estimated a model of fixed effects panel. The second estimation method makes use of dynamic panel data with instrumental variables. Each of the results generated by these two estimated models is compared with those obtained by ordinary least squares in stacked data. The authors develop a model about the suicide epidemic where the media works as a contagion effect to disseminate suicidal behavior. Findings – The authors observe that, the media index is the third motivator of suicide, after unemployment and violence, for all groups of people. The estimated model shows that 1 percent increase in media index increases suicide rate of young men (aged between 15 and 29 years) at 4.22 percent. Research limitations/implications – The empirical results are limited because the authors developed a media index based on quantities of televisions and radios. The authors suggest other research include social media in the index as well. Originality/value – This result seems to suggest a type of contagion effect on suicide rates, which reinforces the results obtained by Cutler et al. (2001).
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Hoffman, Saul D., et Greg J. Duncan. « A Comparison of Choice-Based Multinomial and Nested Logit Models : The Family Structure and Welfare Use Decisions of Divorced or Separated Women ». Journal of Human Resources 23, no 4 (1988) : 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/145813.
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Dubyanskiy, Alexandr. « Modern monetary theory : A historical retrospective ». St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies 38, no 3 (2022) : 416–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu05.2022.304.
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This article examines applied aspects of Modern Monetary Theory (MMT). Currently, this theory has gained popularity in wide academic circles and is the subject of wide discourse among both theoretical economists and practical economists. Scholars evaluate this theory ambiguously, and many researchers believe its main provisions are divorced from economic realities, contradictory and, therefore, not acceptable as instruments of macroeconomic policy. The author believes that the use of retrospective analysis could be productive for the verification of certain provisions of the MMT. The use of the historical experience of monetary circulation, in which similar principles were used, certainly has significant research potential. The article discusses the fundamental provisions of the MMT related to the peculiarities of the functioning of fiat money systems in a historical context. Knapp, creating his state theory of money, also relied on the Russian experience of paper-money circulation. In the presented work, using examples taken from Russian economic history, it is shown how monetary policy instruments similar to those proposed by MMT were used in the real economy. In particular, the history of the first Russian paper money-banknotes is considered. The Russian experience of paper-money circulation can be considered quite successful, because thanks to them, the financial situation of the country was quite stable, the national economy was actively developing. An important circumstance was that the models of monetary administration in Russia were applied creatively, and not dogmatically scrupulously. This is the way to approach the use of MMT in the modern Russian economy, which is under unprecedented sanctions.
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Litvintseva, G. P., et I. N. Karelin. « Effects and Risks of Digital Quality of Life in Russian Regions ». Economy of regions 18, no 1 (2022) : 146–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-1-11.
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Widespread digital transformation significantly changed people’s quality of life. We hypothesise that the digital component of people’s quality of life had a positive but differential impact on economic growth in Russian regions during 2015–2019. Moreover, economic and institutional risks occurring at the current stage of digital transformation could negatively affect economic development. The research pays special attention to the institutional factor, namely, project management quality and its influence on real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Russian regions. Methods of economic research were used such as index, rating, expert evaluation methods as well as regression and panel data models (including those with dummy variables). Transformation assessment was based on an integral index proposed by the authors called the Russian regional index of digital component of people’s quality of life (RRIDCPQL). The value of this digital index was increasing during 2015– 2019. The hypotheses of statistically significant influence of the digital quality of life, regional and temporal unobserved factors on real GDP per capita in 2015–2019 were confirmed. However, the study rejected the hypotheses of the positive impact of digitalisation on the unemployment rate and on the decrease in the share of government employees. Positive influence of digitalisation on the divorce rate was revealed while its negative influence on economic criminality and real income per capita of the population was partially confirmed. The importance of project management quality of the program “Digital economy of the Russian Federation” for regional development was demonstrated. The research results presenting new data on the growth of digital economy can be used to adjust the implementation of digital projects in Russian regions.
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Piper, Alan. « Optimism, pessimism and life satisfaction : an empirical investigation ». International Review of Economics, 14 mars 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12232-022-00390-8.
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AbstractThis is an empirical investigation into life satisfaction, using nationally representative German panel data. The study confirms with modern econometric techniques the previously found substantial association with an individual’s thoughts about the future, whether they are optimistic or pessimistic about it, with life satisfaction. In addition, the investigation demonstrates that the association holds when some possibly anticipated events (like, for example, divorce and unemployment) are controlled for. Furthermore, including individuals’ optimism and pessimism about the future substantially increases the explanatory power of standard life satisfaction models. The effect size is greater for individuals who report being pessimistic than that for well-understood negative events like unemployment. These effects are attenuated though do remain substantial after controlling for the following: individual fixed effects; statistically matching on observable variables between optimistic and pessimistic individuals; and addressing the potential endogeneity of optimism and pessimism to life satisfaction.
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Aguirre, Edith. « Do changes in divorce legislation have an impact on divorce rates ? The case of unilateral divorce in Mexico ». Latin American Economic Review 28, no 1 (17 octobre 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40503-019-0071-7.
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Abstract In 2008, Mexico City was the first entity to approve unilateral divorce in Mexico. Since then, 17 states out of 31 have also moved to eliminate fault-based divorce. In this paper, I investigate the effect of the changes in unilateral legislation on divorce rates in Mexico, given the remarkable growth of divorce rates over the past few decades in the country, but especially after the introduction of unilateral divorce. Following a difference-in-differences methodology, two models are developed using panel state-level data. The results indicate that divorce on no grounds accounts for a 26.4% increase in the total number of divorces in the adopting states during the period 2009–2015. Moreover, since no-fault divorce has been implemented gradually in the country, the rising trend in divorce rates is expected to continue over the coming years. Unilateral legislation has proved to be an effective tool in modifying family structures in Mexico, so it is important to be aware of the short- and medium-term consequences of the shift toward divorce on no grounds, in order to improve the delivery of these policies in the country. This is especially important at this point in time, when 14 remaining states may potentially adopt unilateral legislation. This paper is the first one to address the effect of adopting unilateral divorce in the context of a Latin American country.
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El-Kassem, Rima Charbaji, Noora Lari, Maitha Al Naimi, Maryam Fahad Al-Thani, Buthaina Al Khulaifi et Noor Khaled Al-Thani. « Impact of leadership gender stereotyping on managing familial conflict, matrimonial strategies, divorce decisions and marital satisfaction in Qatar ». Journal of Family Business Management, 22 février 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfbm-10-2021-0116.
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PurposeThis study aims to investigate the direct and indirect effects of leadership style and gender roles on managing familial conflict (MFC), as well as how such conflict resolution affects divorce decisions and overall marital satisfaction (SF) in Qatar.Design/methodology/approachA 20-item questionnaire, corresponding to 20 indicators for six latent variables, was administered to 550 married couples in Qatar. The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin measure of sampling adequacy and Bartlett's test of sphericity were calculated. The path analysis was measured using structural equation modeling.FindingsMatrimonial strategies adopted by spouses positively affected familial conflict resolution, and successfully MFC both positively affected marital SF and reduced the inclination to seek a divorce. However, men were not found to be visionary leaders in familial relationships regarding conflict resolution. Leadership gender stereotyping did not positively influence the perception of women's competency (WC). The WC did not positively affect the managing of familial conflict.Research limitations/implicationsThis study provides strategic insights regarding how MFC in Qatar influences marital SF. Understanding the determinants of divorce decisions and marital SF furthers understanding of how married couples can sustain healthy relationships.Originality/valueThis study empirically correlates three fields of family research: gender role; conflict resolution and marital SF. It explains how divorce issues have escalated in Qatar and explores the influence on modern social life of sexism, patriarchal roots and Oriental androcentrism. Many factors must be considered when examining matrimonial strategies (MSs), especially if there is debate over the ideal number of children. Strategizing models can curtail conflict that might lead to divorce.
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Christensen, Finn, et Juergen Jung. « Global Social Interactions with Sequential Binary Decisions : The Case of Marriage, Divorce, and Stigma ». B.E. Journal of Theoretical Economics 10, no 1 (24 octobre 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1935-1704.1652.
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This paper studies global social interactions in a stylized model of marriage and divorce with complementarities across agents. The key point of departure from traditional models of social interactions is that actions are interrelated and sequential. We establish existence and uniqueness results akin to those in traditional models. In contrast to these models, however, we show that the presence of strategic complementarities is no longer sufficient to generate a social multiplier that exceeds one in this environment. Self-fulfilling conformity, whereby a greater desire to conform at the individual level leads to greater homogeneity of choices in the aggregate, is not retained either. Some empirical implications are also discussed.
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Meulman, Iris, Bette Loef, Niek Stadhouders, Tron Anders Moger, Albert Wong, Johan J. Polder et Ellen Uiters. « Estimating healthcare expenditures after becoming divorced or widowed using propensity score matching ». European Journal of Health Economics, 17 octobre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10198-022-01532-z.
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AbstractBecoming divorced or widowed are stressful life events experienced by a substantial part of the population. While marital status is a significant predictor in many studies on healthcare expenditures, effects of a change in marital status, specifically becoming divorced or widowed, are less investigated. This study combines individual health claims data and registered sociodemographic characteristics from all Dutch inhabitants (about 17 million) to estimate the differences in healthcare expenditure for individuals whose marital status changed (n = 469,901) compared to individuals who remained married, using propensity score matching and generalized linear models. We found that individuals who were (long-term) divorced or widowed had 12–27% higher healthcare expenditures (RR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.11–1.14; RR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.26–1.29) than individuals who remained married. Foremost, this could be attributed to higher spending on mental healthcare and home care. Higher healthcare expenditures are observed for both divorced and widowed individuals, both recently and long-term divorced/widowed individuals, and across all age groups, income levels and educational levels.
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Augustijn, Lara. « Mothers’ Economic Well-Being in Sole and Joint Physical Custody Families ». Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 17 janvier 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10834-022-09818-3.
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AbstractPrevious research has repeatedly shown that separation or divorce can lead to a substantial decline in economic resources, and that it is mostly mothers who suffer from the severe economic consequences. Because it has also been established that the post-separation care arrangement that a family practices is a central factor in explaining mothers’ poor economic situations after family dissolution, this study investigated the association between physical custody arrangements (sole physical custody, asymmetric joint physical custody, and symmetric joint physical custody) and the economic well-being of 1018 residential mothers from the Family Models in Germany study. The results of the ordered logistic regression models showed that mothers in asymmetric and symmetric joint physical custody families reported higher levels of economic well-being than mothers with sole physical custody. When controlling for a set of confounders, the differences between mothers with sole physical custody and symmetric joint physical custody disappeared, which suggests that the economic advantages of mothers with symmetric joint physical custody can be fully explained by factors like the mothers’ working hours, their personal net income, their partnership status, and the fairness of their financial arrangement with their former partner. In contrast, the relationship between asymmetric joint physical custody and mothers’ economic situations remained significant even after control variables were included in the regression models. However, the question of what role selection processes among parents play in explaining the observed differences in post-separation economic well-being between mothers in sole and joint physical custody families remains open.
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Aguirre, Edith. « The (non) impact of education on marital dissolution ». Review of Economic Analysis 14, no 2 (28 juin 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/rea.v14i1.1803.
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Despite the relevant role attributed to education on marital outcomes, literature does not show a generalized consensus regarding a positive or negative effect from education on marital decisions. In this paper the impact of education on marriage dissolution is analysed exploiting a change in the length of compulsory education in Mexico in 1993 as an instrument for education. The federal government increased compulsory education from completion of primary school, sixth grade, to completion of secondary school, ninth grade, at a national level. In the first part of the analysis, the probit models reveal that education is significant and negatively related to the probability of marital breakdown. An additional year of education is associated with a decrease between 0.6 and 0.9 percentage points in the probability of marital disruption for the 2002-2012 period. However, the results using the instrumental variables methodology indicate that an additional year of schooling has no effect on the probability of marriage dissolution. This finding demonstrates that the relationship between education and divorce is not causal and suggests that although higher levels of education are an undeniable trait observed in non-broken marriages, it is not education by itself one of the mechanisms leading to better marriage outcomes.
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Beriso, Beshir Shaku. « Determinants of economic achievement for women entrepreneurs in Ethiopia ». Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship 10, no 1 (3 février 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13731-020-00141-5.
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AbstractThe main objective of this paper is to assess the determinants and challenges of economic achievement for women entrepreneurs in Ethiopia. The study used 698 sample women entrepreneurs selected randomly from a total of 2450 respondents. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression models. The results revealed that there is a high rate of challenges for divorced (30%) and widowed (41%) women entrepreneurs in the selected area. The results of multiple linear regression show that the educational level, family size, region (SNNP, Gambella, Harari, Dire Dawa, and Addis Ababa), parents’ educational level, number of financially dependent people, business experiences, and access to raw materials were positive predictors of the income of women entrepreneurs. It is also found that entrepreneurial area (Afar, Amhara, and Oromiya), marital status (divorced and widowed), entrepreneurship training, enterprise’s license, and lack of supporting institutions were negatively related with the income of women entrepreneurs. Therefore, improving entrepreneurs’ and parents’ education, providing entrepreneurship training, sharing business experiences, supporting entrepreneurs is the main instrumental in minimizing the factors affecting the income of women entrepreneurs. Moreover, it is advisable if the business participation status of women be assessed periodically to monitor the situation and to take appropriate measures for combating and preventing the challenges facing women entrepreneurs in economic growth.