Thèses sur le sujet « Diterpeni »
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Alfieri, Mariaevelina. « Transcriptional regulation of biosynthetic genes of the plant MEP-derived pathway to boost the metabolic flux towards bioactive diterpenes ». Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/2066.
Texte intégralThis project was aimed at enhancing the synthesis of tri-cyclic bioactive abietane diterpenes (e.g. aethiopinone, 1-oxoaethiopinone, salvipisone, and ferruginol), synthesized in the roots of Salvia sclarea and other Salvia species, with known anti-inflammatory and antitumoral activities. There is a great demand of novel molecules to treat melanoma, the most aggressive form of skin cancer, since advanced stages are inevitably resistant to conventional therapeutic agents.We have recently shown that aethiopinone is cytotoxic against the human melanoma A357 cell line at a concentration not toxic to normal cells. In addition, by using the web server IdTarget a number of putative proteins overexpressed in melanoma were identified as potential cellular target of aethiopinone. Despite this interesting evidence, this compound can not be easily synthesized by chemical means, and it is only produced in the roots of Salvia species in minute amounts (less than 0.5% DW) wich are not sufficient to yield reliable amounts for a deeper understanding of their molecular targets and potential future commercialization. In order to produce sufficient quantity of this interesting class of compounds, we targeted the plastidial terpenoid MEP-dependent pathway, from which they derive, by two different metabolic engineering strategies in S. sclarea hairy roots. The first approach was based on the coordinated activation of MEP-pathway biosynthetic genes by elicitation or by overexpression of transcription factors. An enhanced content (about a 20-fold increase) of abietane diterpenes in S. sclarea hairy roots was induced by elicitation with Methyl-Jasmonate (MJ), due to the increased expression levels of the several MEP-pathway biosynthetic genes, indicating a possible coordinate gene regulation by transcription factors. Four transcription factors (WRKYs and Myc2) of A. thaliana were selected on the basis of the presence of MJRE-box in their promoter region. Overexpression of AtWRKY and AtMyc2 genes in S. sclarea hairy roots positively regulated transcription of several genes of the terpenoid MEP-pathway. High-level induced-expression of genes acting up-stream [1-Deoxy-D-Xylulose-5-Phosphate Synthase (DXS) and 1-Deoxy-D-Xylulose-5-Phosphate Reductoisomerase (DXR)] or downstream [geranylgeranyl-diphosphate synthase (GGPPS) and copalyl-diphosphate synthase (CPPS)] of this pathway, correlated with high-level of abietane-type diterpenes (3-5 fold increase). To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of TFs activating this specific diterpene pathway. One drawback of this strategy was the impaired growth, at varying level, of transgenic S. sclarea hairy roots. However, it was possible to select the best performing over-expressing hairy root lines in which high final biomass was coupled to high content of abietane diterpenes. The second strategy was aimed at blocking the Ent-copalyl-diphosphate synthase (Ent-CPPS), the first enzyme acting at the lateral competing route from GGPP to gibberellins. Either chemical inhibition of the enzymatic activity of Ent-CPPS with CCC (chlorocholine chloride), a known plant growth retardant, or RNAi-mediated silencing of this gene in S. sclarea hairy roots enhanced significantly (>4-fold) the total abietane diterpenes content, without causing any growth impairment compared to control hairy roots. Overall, these complementary approaches were successful in increasing the content of aethiopinone and other tricyclic abietane diterpenes (from a 3-fold up to a 5-fold increase compared to the content in the control line) in engineered S. sclarea hairy roots and might be extended to different plant species synthesizing other bioactive specialized terpenes. Moreover, the combination of these two approaches are expected to further enhance the accumulation of abietane diterpenes, as for chemical elicitation (with MJ, coronatine etc) coupled with metabolic engineering approaches, currently in progress in our laboratory, are also expected to increase the efficiency of the synthesis of this interesting class of compounds. Finally, the promising results presented in this study pave the way to a rational design of a hairy root-based production platform to yield reliable amounts of tricyclic abietane diterpenes towards a deeper understanding of their molecular targets and the potential future exploitation as novel plant-derived anti-tumor molecules. [edited by author]
XIII n.s.
Sousa, Antonio Honório de. « Estudo químico de Croton Limae A. P. S. Gomes, M. F. Sales & ; P. E. Berry (Euphorbiaceae) ». reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2014. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/20076.
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The present work reports the chemical study related to the stem and the roots of Croton limae, collected in Andaraí/BA. The phytochemical investigation of ethanol extract from the stem lead to the isolation of two kaurane-type diterpenes, ent-kaur-16-en-18-oic acid and ent-kaur-16-en-15-oxo-18-oic acid, two clerodane-type diterpenes, 3,12-dioxo-15,16-epoxy-4α-hydroxycleroda-13(16),14-diene and 3-oxo-4α-hydroxy-13,14,15,16-tetranorclerodan-12-oic acid, and the flavonoid quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. The investigation of the hexane extract from the roots lead to the isolation of one triterpene, acetyl aleuritolic acid, the new dimer ent-17(α-pinen-10’-yl)-15-oxokauran-18-oic acid, two news clerodane diterpenes, 3-oxo-15,16-epoxy-4α,12-dihydroxycleroda-13(16),14-diene and 15,16-epoxy-3α,4α,12-trihydroxycleroda-13(16),14-diene, one halimane-type diterpene, 15,16-epoxy-3α,12-dihydroxyhalima-5(10),13(16),14-triene and the mixture of steroids β-sitosterol and stigmasterol. From the ethanol extract of the roots, it was possible to isolate the flavonoids kaempferol 3-O-β-glucopyranoside and ombuine 3-O-β-rutinoside and the three new clerodane diterpenes 3α,4α,15,16-tetrahydroxyclerod-13-ene, 6-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-3,12-dioxo-15,16-epoxi-4α-hydroxycleroda-13(16),14-dieno and 3-oxo-4α,12-dihydroxy-14,15,16-trinorclerodan-13-oic acid. Four aromatic derivatives amides from ent-kaur-16-en-18-oic acid were prepared through nucleophilic substitutive reactions. The corresponding methyl esters from the ent-kaur-16-en-18-oic acid and ent-kaur-16-en-15-oxo-18-oic acid were also obtained. Two new derivatives from 3,12-dioxo-15,16-epoxi-4α-hidroxicleroda-13(16),14-dieno were prepared through reduction reaction and another one by the biotransformation of diterpene, made by the fungus Rhizopus stolonifer. Some isolated compounds and derivatives were submited to cytotoxic activity using ovarian (OVCAR-8), glioblastoma (SF-295) and colon (HCT-116) cell lines, and the compounds ent-kaur-16-en-15-oxo-18-oic acid and ent-17(α-pinen-10’-yl)-15-oxokauran-18-oic acid registered activity during preliminaries assays. The secondary metabolites were isolated through usual chromatography techniques, using thin layer chromatography, column chromatography, size exclusion chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. The determination of the structure of the isolated compounds was performed through physical (melting point and optical rotation) and spectrometric techniques, such infrared (IR), high resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), including bidimensional experiments, and comparison with literature data.
O presente trabalho relata o estudo químico do caule e das raízes de Croton limae, coletado no município de Andaraí-BA. A investigação fitoquímica do extrato etanólico do caule levou ao isolamento de dois diterpenos do tipo caurano, ácido ent-caur-16-en-18-oico e ácido ent-caur-16-en-15-oxo-18-oico, dois diterpenos do tipo clerodano, 3,12-dioxo-15,16-epoxi-4α-hidroxicleroda-13(16),14-dieno e ácido 3-oxo-4α-hidroxi-13,14,15,16-tetranorclerodan-12-oico, e do flavonoide 3-O-β-D-glicopiranosilquercetina. A investigação do extrato hexânico das raízes levou ao isolamento de um triterpeno, ácido acetilaleuritólico, do dímero inédito ácido ent-17(α-pinen-10’-il)-15-oxocauran-18-oico, de dois novos diterpenos clerodanos, 3-oxo-15,16-epoxi-4α,12-dihidroxicleroda-13(16),14-dieno e 15,16-epoxi-3α,4α,12-trihidroxicleroda-13(16),14-dieno, um diterpeno do tipo halimano, 15,16-epoxi-3α,12-dihidroxihalima-5(10),13(16),14-trieno, e da mistura dos esteroides β-sitosterol e estigmasterol. Do extrato etanólico das raízes foram isolados dois flavonoides, 3-O-β-D-glicopiranosilcanferol e ombuina-3-O-β-rutinosídeo, e três diterpenos clerodanos inéditos, 3α,4α,15,16-tetrahidroxicleroda-13-eno, 6-(β-D-glicopiranosil)-3,12-dioxo-15,16-epoxi-4α-hidroxicleroda-13(16),14-dieno e ácido 3-oxo-4α,12-dihidroxi-14,15,16-trinorclerodan-13-oico. Foram preparadas quatro amidas aromáticas derivadas do ácido ent-caur-16-en-18-oico e os respectivos ésteres metílicos dos ácidos ent-caur-16-en-18-oico e ent-caur-16-en-15-oxo-18-oico. Foram preparados dois derivados reacionais obtidos através de reações de redução do diterpeno clerodano 3,12-dioxo-15,16-epoxi-4α-hidroxicleroda-13(16),14-dieno e outro através da biotransformação deste diterpeno pelo fungo Rhizopus stolonifer. Alguns compostos isolados e derivados foram submetidos a testes de atividade citotóxica, utilizando linhagens de células tumorais de ovário (OVCAR-8), glioblastoma (SF-295) e colón (HCT-116), onde testes preliminares indicaram que os compostos ent-caur-16-en-15-oxo-18-oico e ácido ent-17(α-pinen-10’-il)-15-oxocauran-18-oico apresentaram atividade. Os metabólitos secundários foram isolados através de técnicas cromatográficas usuais, utilizando cromatografia em camada delgada, cromatografia em coluna, cromatografia por exclusão molecular e cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. A determinação estrutural foi realizada através de métodos físicos (ponto de fusão e rotação óptica) e do uso de técnicas espectroscópicas e espectrométricas como infravermelho (IV), espectrometria de massas de alta resolução e ressonância magnética nuclear de hidrogênio (RMN 1H) e carbono-13 (RMN 13C), incluindo experimentos bidimensionais, além de comparação com dados da literatura.
Sousa, Antonio HonÃrio de. « Estudo quÃmico de Croton Limae A. P. S. Gomes, M. F. Sales & ; P. E. Berry (Euphorbiaceae) ». Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14361.
Texte intégralThe present work reports the chemical study related to the stem and the roots of Croton limae, collected in AndaraÃ/BA. The phytochemical investigation of ethanol extract from the stem lead to the isolation of two kaurane-type diterpenes, ent-kaur-16-en-18-oic acid and ent-kaur-16-en-15-oxo-18-oic acid, two clerodane-type diterpenes, 3,12-dioxo-15,16-epoxy-4α-hydroxycleroda-13(16),14-diene and 3-oxo-4α-hydroxy-13,14,15,16-tetranorclerodan-12-oic acid, and the flavonoid quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. The investigation of the hexane extract from the roots lead to the isolation of one triterpene, acetyl aleuritolic acid, the new dimer ent-17(α-pinen-10â-yl)-15-oxokauran-18-oic acid, two news clerodane diterpenes, 3-oxo-15,16-epoxy-4α,12-dihydroxycleroda-13(16),14-diene and 15,16-epoxy-3α,4α,12-trihydroxycleroda-13(16),14-diene, one halimane-type diterpene, 15,16-epoxy-3α,12-dihydroxyhalima-5(10),13(16),14-triene and the mixture of steroids β-sitosterol and stigmasterol. From the ethanol extract of the roots, it was possible to isolate the flavonoids kaempferol 3-O-β-glucopyranoside and ombuine 3-O-β-rutinoside and the three new clerodane diterpenes 3α,4α,15,16-tetrahydroxyclerod-13-ene, 6-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-3,12-dioxo-15,16-epoxi-4α-hydroxycleroda-13(16),14-dieno and 3-oxo-4α,12-dihydroxy-14,15,16-trinorclerodan-13-oic acid. Four aromatic derivatives amides from ent-kaur-16-en-18-oic acid were prepared through nucleophilic substitutive reactions. The corresponding methyl esters from the ent-kaur-16-en-18-oic acid and ent-kaur-16-en-15-oxo-18-oic acid were also obtained. Two new derivatives from 3,12-dioxo-15,16-epoxi-4α-hidroxicleroda-13(16),14-dieno were prepared through reduction reaction and another one by the biotransformation of diterpene, made by the fungus Rhizopus stolonifer. Some isolated compounds and derivatives were submited to cytotoxic activity using ovarian (OVCAR-8), glioblastoma (SF-295) and colon (HCT-116) cell lines, and the compounds ent-kaur-16-en-15-oxo-18-oic acid and ent-17(α-pinen-10â-yl)-15-oxokauran-18-oic acid registered activity during preliminaries assays. The secondary metabolites were isolated through usual chromatography techniques, using thin layer chromatography, column chromatography, size exclusion chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. The determination of the structure of the isolated compounds was performed through physical (melting point and optical rotation) and spectrometric techniques, such infrared (IR), high resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), including bidimensional experiments, and comparison with literature data.
O presente trabalho relata o estudo quÃmico do caule e das raÃzes de Croton limae, coletado no municÃpio de AndaraÃ-BA. A investigaÃÃo fitoquÃmica do extrato etanÃlico do caule levou ao isolamento de dois diterpenos do tipo caurano, Ãcido ent-caur-16-en-18-oico e Ãcido ent-caur-16-en-15-oxo-18-oico, dois diterpenos do tipo clerodano, 3,12-dioxo-15,16-epoxi-4α-hidroxicleroda-13(16),14-dieno e Ãcido 3-oxo-4α-hidroxi-13,14,15,16-tetranorclerodan-12-oico, e do flavonoide 3-O-β-D-glicopiranosilquercetina. A investigaÃÃo do extrato hexÃnico das raÃzes levou ao isolamento de um triterpeno, Ãcido acetilaleuritÃlico, do dÃmero inÃdito Ãcido ent-17(α-pinen-10â-il)-15-oxocauran-18-oico, de dois novos diterpenos clerodanos, 3-oxo-15,16-epoxi-4α,12-dihidroxicleroda-13(16),14-dieno e 15,16-epoxi-3α,4α,12-trihidroxicleroda-13(16),14-dieno, um diterpeno do tipo halimano, 15,16-epoxi-3α,12-dihidroxihalima-5(10),13(16),14-trieno, e da mistura dos esteroides β-sitosterol e estigmasterol. Do extrato etanÃlico das raÃzes foram isolados dois flavonoides, 3-O-β-D-glicopiranosilcanferol e ombuina-3-O-β-rutinosÃdeo, e trÃs diterpenos clerodanos inÃditos, 3α,4α,15,16-tetrahidroxicleroda-13-eno, 6-(β-D-glicopiranosil)-3,12-dioxo-15,16-epoxi-4α-hidroxicleroda-13(16),14-dieno e Ãcido 3-oxo-4α,12-dihidroxi-14,15,16-trinorclerodan-13-oico. Foram preparadas quatro amidas aromÃticas derivadas do Ãcido ent-caur-16-en-18-oico e os respectivos Ãsteres metÃlicos dos Ãcidos ent-caur-16-en-18-oico e ent-caur-16-en-15-oxo-18-oico. Foram preparados dois derivados reacionais obtidos atravÃs de reaÃÃes de reduÃÃo do diterpeno clerodano 3,12-dioxo-15,16-epoxi-4α-hidroxicleroda-13(16),14-dieno e outro atravÃs da biotransformaÃÃo deste diterpeno pelo fungo Rhizopus stolonifer. Alguns compostos isolados e derivados foram submetidos a testes de atividade citotÃxica, utilizando linhagens de cÃlulas tumorais de ovÃrio (OVCAR-8), glioblastoma (SF-295) e colÃn (HCT-116), onde testes preliminares indicaram que os compostos ent-caur-16-en-15-oxo-18-oico e Ãcido ent-17(α-pinen-10â-il)-15-oxocauran-18-oico apresentaram atividade. Os metabÃlitos secundÃrios foram isolados atravÃs de tÃcnicas cromatogrÃficas usuais, utilizando cromatografia em camada delgada, cromatografia em coluna, cromatografia por exclusÃo molecular e cromatografia lÃquida de alta eficiÃncia. A determinaÃÃo estrutural foi realizada atravÃs de mÃtodos fÃsicos (ponto de fusÃo e rotaÃÃo Ãptica) e do uso de tÃcnicas espectroscÃpicas e espectromÃtricas como infravermelho (IV), espectrometria de massas de alta resoluÃÃo e ressonÃncia magnÃtica nuclear de hidrogÃnio (RMN 1H) e carbono-13 (RMN 13C), incluindo experimentos bidimensionais, alÃm de comparaÃÃo com dados da literatura.
Monteiro, Ariadne Santana e. Neves. « Efeito do diterpeno Manool sobre a função vascular de ratos normotensos e hipertensos ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17137/tde-29082016-095825/.
Texte intégralIntroduction: Systemic hypertension (SH) is a multifactorial clinical condition characterized by high and sustained levels of blood pressure. In recent years, studies have demonstrated the cardiovascular effect of various metabolites derived from many plant species. The diterpene is an example, which acts through different pharmacological mechanisms. The Manool belongs to this class of compounds, that makes a substance with potential use in the treatment of SH, which let us to propose the development of this work. Objectives: 1) To evaluate in vivo the possible vasodilator effect of different doses of Manool and the effect on the plasma levels of nitric oxide (NO) in normotensive and hypertensive animals; 2) Evaluate in vitro endothelial mechanisms involved in the relaxation response in rat aortic rings. Material and methods: The animals were randomly divided in two groups: normotensive and hypertensive. The animals of the hypertensive group underwent the surgical procedure 2K1C for hypertension induction, while the animals of the normotensive group were sham-operated. The blood pressure (BP) non-invasive, was measured using a cuff, connected to a sensor for registration BP, placed around the animal\'s tail. To identify the in vivo effects of the compound, three doses of the compound were applied in animals, invasive BP monitoring was performed using the System MP 100 A. For the measurement of NO plasma, we used the technique of chemiluminescence NO/ozone (O3). In order to observe the mechanisms involved in the relaxation induced by compound concentration-response curves for Manool were obtained in the aorta rings with and without endothelium in the presence and absence of L-NAME and ODQ. Results: The results on variation of systolic blood pressure (?SBP) showed that Manool, decreases the SBP in both normotensive as hypertensive. The results of the dose-response curves showed that the Manool promoted endothelium dependent relaxation and this was inhibited in the presence of L-NAME and ODQ. There was no difference in NOx dosage. Conclusion: In response to the proposed Abstract objectives for the present investigation may conclude that the Manool is a hypotensive drug, possibly dependent in large part on endothelial function NO / cGMP pathway.
Togashi, Ricardo Hideo. « Atividade biolÃgica das lectinas de sementes de erythrina fusca e velutina, de algas marinhas hypnea musciformes, bryothamnion seaforthii e triquetrum e do produto natural diterpeno casbano, em culturas de pseudomonas aeruginosa ». Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5455.
Texte intégralNeste trabalho avaliamos a atividade biolÃgica de lectinas de sementes de Erythrina fusca e velutina, de algas marinhas Hypnea musciformes, Bryothamnion seaforthii e triquetrum e do diterpeno casbano, um produto natural isolado de Croton nepetaefolius, sobre Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145. Foi comparada a aÃÃo in vitro das 5 lectinas e do diterpeno casbano, sobre colÃnias de P. aeruginosa, em placas de poliestireno. Investigada a aÃÃo das lectinas de alga marinha H.musciforme, de sementes de Erythrina velutina, e do diterpeno casbano, no processo de formaÃÃo do biofilme bacteriano de P.aeruginosa, em placas de poliestireno; e identificado entre as lectinas de E.velutina, H.musciforme e diterpeno casbano, aquele com maior potencial de aplicaÃÃo no controle do crescimento de colÃnias de P. aeruginosa. As lectinas testadas nÃo foram capazes de inibir o crescimento e a formaÃÃo de biofilme de Pseudomonas aeruginosa nas condiÃÃes experimentadas. Por outro lado, diterpeno casbano, na concentraÃÃo de 500 μg/mL em 18 horas, foi capaz de inibir o crescimento de P. aeruginosa em 40%, comparado ao controle positivo. Esta inibiÃÃo foi observada atà uma concentraÃÃo de 125 μg/mL. Entretanto, nÃo foi observada inibiÃÃo da formaÃÃo do biofilme da P. aeruginosa nas concentraÃÃes utilizadas neste estudo.
In this study the biological activity of seeds lectins from Erythrina velutina and fusca, marine algae Hypnea musciformis, Bryothamnion seaforthii and triquetrum and the diterpene casbane, a natural product isolated from Croton nepetaefolius was evaluated upon Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145. We compared the in vitro effect of lectins and diterpene casbane on colonies of P. aeruginosa in microtiter plates. Investigated the action of lectins from marine algae H. musciforme of seeds of Erythrina velutina, and diterpeno casbano in the process of formation of P. aeruginosa biofilm on polystyrene plates, and identified among lectins: E. velutina, H. musciforme and diterpene casbane, the one with greater potential for application in controlling the growth of colonies of P. aeruginosa. The lectins tested were able to inhibit growth and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa in the studied conditions. Moreover, diterpene casbane at a concentration of 500 mg/mL in 18 hours, was able to inhibit the growth of P. aeruginosa in 40%, compared to positive control. This inhibition was observed until a concentration of 125 mg/mL. However, the inhibition of biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa there was no observed at the concentrations used in this study.
Fazanaro, Fabiano. « AvaliaÃÃo in vitro da interferÃncia de lectinas vegetais e do diterpeno casbano isolado de Croton nepataefolius sobre o crescimento de formas planctÃnicas e biofilmes de Pseudomonas aeruginosa ». Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5702.
Texte intégralEste trabalho mostra as atividades biolÃgicas de lectinas isoladas de sementes de Vatairea macrocarpa e de Vatairea guianensis e do composto vegetal diterpeno casbano, isolado do Croton nepetaefolius, sobre o crescimento de Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027), causadora de otite externa. Comparou-se a aÃÃo in vitro das duas lectinas e do composto vegetal diterpeno casbano sobre culturas de P. aeruginosa em placas de poliestireno. As cÃlulas bacterianas foram testadas tanto em sua forma planctÃnica como na de biofilme. As lectinas testadas nÃo foram capazes de inibir o crescimento da forma planctÃnica e a formaÃÃo de biofilme da P. aeruginosa nas condiÃÃes experimentais. Por outro lado, o diterpeno casbano foi capaz de inibir o crescimento de P. aeruginosa na forma planctÃnica, nas concentraÃÃes de 500, 250 e 125 Âg/mL. Entretanto, nÃo foi observada inibiÃÃo da formaÃÃo do biofilme da P. aeruginosa nas concentraÃÃes utilizadas neste estudo. O diterpeno casbano isolado de Croton nepetaefolius poderà ser utilizado, apÃs a realizaÃÃo de outros estudos, como ferramenta biotecnolÃgica antimicrobiana sobre as formas planctÃnicas de P. aeruginosa
This work shows the biological activities of lectins isolated from Vatairea macrocarpa and Vatairea guianensis seeds and the vegetable compound diterpen casban, isolated from Croton nepetaefolius on the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027) that causes otites externa. The in vitro activity of the two lectins and vegetable compound casbane diterpene were compared on cultures of P. aeruginosa in polystyrene microplates. The bacterial cells were tested such in planktonic as in biofilm forms. The lectins tested were not capable to inhibit the growth and biofilm production of P. aeruginosa in the experimental conditions. On the other hand, the casbane diterpene was capable to inhibit the growth of planctonic forms of P. aeruginosa at the concentrations of 500, 250 and 125 Âg/mL. However, the inhibition of biofilm production was not observed at the same concentrations. The casbane diterpene isolated from Croton nepetaefolius can be used, after the realization of other studies, as an antibiotic biotechnological tool on planktonic forms of P. aeruginosa
Simplicio, Janaina Aparecida. « Avaliação do efeito cardiovascular do labdano ácido ent-3-acetóxi-labda-8(17),13-dieno-15-óico ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17133/tde-27082013-180939/.
Texte intégralThe research, development and use of natural compounds as therapeutic agents have been increasing in recent years. Diterpenoids are the main constituents of plant extracts that are used in folk medicine for the treatment of hypertension. Labdane-type diterpenes are described to exert antispasmodic and relaxant action in vascular tissues. The present investigation aimed to evaluate the mechanisms (in vitro and in vivo) underlying the cardiovascular effects displayed by the labdane ent-3-acetoxy-labda-8(17),13-dien-15-oic acid (labda-15-oic) in rats. Our findings show that labda-15-oic achieved its maximal inhibitory action on KCl-induced contraction at 30 min. The inhibitory effect on the the contraction induced KCl elicided by labda-15-oic was totally abolished 60 and 120 min after the removal of the labdane from the medium bath in endothelium-denuded (E-) rings and endothelium-intact (E+) rings. The Emax values for phenylephrine and serotonin in E+ and E- rings were reduced in the presence of labda-15-oic. The labda-15-oic inhibited the contraction induced CaCl2 in E- rings at 10, 50 and 100 mol/L. The labdane did not alter the intracellular Ca2+ mobilization induced by phenylephrine or caffeine. The labdane induced relaxation in E+ and E- rings pre-contracted with phenylephrine or KCl. In E+ rings pre-contracted with phenylephrine, labda-15-oic-induced relaxation was reduced in the presence of L-NAME, ODQ, haemoglobin and RP-8-Br-Pet. On the other hand, indomethacin, wortmannin, LY294002, H-89, SQ22,536, atropine, propranolol did not have a significant effect on the relaxation induced by the labdane. The labdane increased the levels of cGMP and nitrate but not cAMP in E+ rings. The compound studied also increased the intensity of fluorescence emitted by samples of endothelial cells labeled with DAF-2DA indicating an increase in the cytosolic levels of NO. Furthermore, labda-15-oic (3 mg/Kg) induced hypotension in unanesthezided rats and this effect was attenuated by L-NAME. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the labdane exerts a vasorelaxant effect in vitro and hypotensive effect in vivo. The labda-15-oic acts on vascular smooth muscle where it blocks Ca2+ influx through interference with both voltage and receptor-operated channels. The relaxant action of the labdane is also partly mediated by the activation of endothelial NO-cGMP pathway and the opening of K+ channels present in vascular smooth muscle. The studies in vivo confirm the role of NO in the cardiovascular response induced labda-15-oic acid.
Cavalcanti, Bruno CoÃlho. « AvaliaÃÃo do potencial genotÃxico e mutagÃnico do Ãcido caurenÃico, um diterpeno isolado da planta Copaifera langsdorffi Desf. (LEGUMINOSAE) ». Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2006. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1400.
Texte intégralFundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃ
Kaurenoic acid (KA) is a diterpene presents in the oil-resin (copaiba oil) from plants belongs to Copaifera spp. As copaiba oil, KA also displayed a great variability of medicinal applications. In the present study, the genotoxic and mutagenic potential of KA from Copaifera langsdorffii on human lymphocytes, human leukemia cells (HL60) and bone marrow cells was evaluated. KA did not show selective action between lymphocytes and leukemia cells, has been induced apoptosis and DNA damage at same magnitude as valuated by bromide etidium/orange acridine and comet assay. Due to this observation, lymphocytes were selected for further experiments. According with comet assay results, more than 80% of lymphocytes DNA damage was repaired after 48 hours post-treatment. Lymphocytes treated with KA (30 and 60Âg/mL) showed increases on micronucleus frequencies in relation to negative control group. On the chromosome aberration test, lymphocytes treated at phse G1 and transition phase G1/S showed great sensibility (cytotoxicity and chromosomes aberrations) in comparison to cells treated at another phases of cell cycle. After treatment, any increase of polyploidy cells number was noted. Mices were treated with KA (25, 50 and 100mg/kg), and after 24 and 48 hours, they were sacrificed afterwards with the medulla extraction. This material was submitted to chromosomal damage observations (microniclei) in polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE). A great occurrence of micronucleated PCE was noted only at animals groups sacrificed 24 hours after treatment. The rate between PCE and NCE (normochromatic erythrocytes) was lower for animals sacrificed later. These observations indicating toxicity effects on the bone marrow cells. The mutagenic assay with yeast Saccharomyces cereviseae showed that the cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of KA were more pronounced during exponential growth phase, when the access to DNA is facilitated. KA induced locus and frameshift mutations. Frameshift mutations induced by DNA-intercalanting drugs have been correlated with DNA strand breaks induced by inhibition of DNA topoisomerases. On the DNA relaxation assay, KA inhibited the action of topoisomerase I. This inhibition effect seens to be related to the intercalanting ability of kaurenoic acid between DNA bases of pair. Thus, DNA strand breaks, the occurrence of micronucleated cells and frameshift mutations could be explained by the intercalanting action of kaurenoic acid. And the absence of polyploidy cells suggests that kaurenoic acid did not interfere on mitotic apparatus of cell. In conclusion, kaurenoic acid showed genotoxic and mutagenic effects on all the assays used
O Ãcido caurenÃico (AC) à um diterpeno presente no Ãleo resinoso de espÃcies de Copaifera. Assim como o Ãleo resinoso, o AC tambÃm apresenta uma ampla variabilidade de aplicaÃÃes medicinais. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial genotÃxico e mutagÃnico do AC isolado da planta Copaifera langsdorffii em linfÃcitos, cÃlulas leucÃmicas HL60 e em cÃlulas da medula Ãssea de camundongos. O AC nÃo mostrou seletividade entre linfÃcitos e HL60 tendo induzido apotose e danos ao DNA na mesma intensidade, avaliados pela coloraÃÃo diferencial por brometo de etÃdio/acridina laranja e pelo teste do cometa, respectivamente. De acordo com o teste do cometa, mais de 80% dos danos induzidos ao DNA de linfÃcitos foi reparada 48 horas apÃs o tratamento. LinfÃcitos tratados com AC apresentaram aumento, siginificativo, na freqÃÃncia de micronÃcleos e maior sensibilidade (citotoxicidade e aberraÃÃes cromossÃmicas) nas fases G1 e G1/S do ciclo celular, sem induzir aumento no nÃmero de cÃlulas poliplÃides. Camundongos foram tratados com AC nas doses de 25, 50 e 100mg/kg e apÃs 24 e 48 horas sacrificados, sendo, posteriormente, extraÃda a medula Ãssea, e o material submetido Ãs observaÃÃes de perdas cromossÃmicas (micronÃcleos) em eritrÃcitos policromÃticos. Uma maior incidÃncia de micronÃcleos ocorreu no grupo de animais sacrificados 24 horas apÃs o tratamento. A avaliaÃÃo da razÃo entre eritrÃcitos policromÃticos e normocromÃticos, foi menor para os animais sacrificados 48 horas apÃs o tratamento, indicando toxicidade em cÃlulas da medula. Nos ensaios de mutagÃnese com a levedura Saccharomyces cerevisea, o efeito citotÃxico e mutagÃnico do AC foi mais acentuado durante o crescimento exponencial da levedura, no qual o DNA està mais acessÃvel ao composto. O AC induziu mutaÃÃes lÃcus especÃficas e de deslocamento do quadro de leitura. MutaÃÃes do tipo deslocamento do quadro de leitura tendem a serem induzidas por agentes intercalantes de DNA e tÃm sido correlacionadas com as quebras de fitas de cadeia de DNA induzidas pela inibiÃÃo da aÃÃo de topoisomerase. No teste de relaxamento do DNA, o AC inibiu a aÃÃo da topoisomerase I. A inibiÃÃo da aÃÃo da topoisomerase I parece estar relacionada à intercalaÃÃo do AC no DNA. Assim, as quebras de fitas no DNA e induÃÃo de micronÃcleos e mutaÃÃes de deslocamento do quadro de leitura, podem estar relacionadas à aÃÃo intercalante do Ãcido caurenÃico. A ausÃncia de cÃlulas poliplÃides sugere que o Ãcido caurenÃico nÃo interfere no aparelho mitÃtico da cÃlula. Em conclusÃo, o Ãcido caurenÃico apresenta potencial genotÃxico e mutagÃnico nos modelos estudados.
Matos, Dalyara Mendonça de. « Determinação do perfil farmacocinético e da biodisponibilidade sistêmica do ácido caurenoico em ratos ». Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2016. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/5627.
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O ácido caurenoico é um diterpeno caurânico encontrado em diversas espécies vegetais tais como Mikania glomerata (guaco), Copaifera langsdorffi (copaíba) e Smallanthus sonchifolia (yacon). Essa substância apresenta ação tripanocida, larvicida, antimicrobiana, analgésica, anti-inflamatória, relaxante da musculatura lisa, hipotensora, diurética, hipoglicêmica e citotóxica. Por tratar-se de uma molécula promissora para o desenvolvimento de novos fármacos, o objetivo de nosso estudo é determinar o perfil farmacocinético e a biodisponibilidade oral do ácido caurenoico em ratos. Foram utilizados Ratos Wistar (n=6), aos quais foram administrados 50 ou 100 mg/kg de ácido caurenóico por via IV ou oral. Os animais foram canulados pela veia jugular, permitindo a administração intravenosa do ácido caurenoico e coletas seriadas de sangue do tempo zero até 10 horas. A extração do ácido caurenoico do plasma foi realizada após acidificação com ácido acético 1% (v/v), seguida de precipitação de proteínas com acetonitrila. A quantificação do analito foi realizada utilizandose cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detecção ultravioleta (CLAE-UV), empregando-se as seguintes condições analíticas: coluna C18 (150 x 4.6 mm, 5 μm) mantida a 40°C, eluição isocrática com fase móvel composta por acetonitrila:água acidificada com ácido ortofosfórico 0,1% (70:30 v/v), fluxo de 1 mL/min, detecção em 200 nm e volume de injeção de 80 μL. A metodologia proposta foi validada e mostrou-se precisa, exata, robusta, confiável e linear entre 0,75 e 100 μg/mL. A partir do decaimento plasmático dos animais que receberam 50 mg/kg do ácido caurenoico por via intravenosa, foram determinados os seguintes parâmetros farmacocinéticos: Cmax = 22,2 ± 1,6 mg/L, Vd = 14,5 ± 1,5 L/kg, CL = 17,7 ± 1,5 mL/min/kg, ASC = 2859 ± 278 mg/L.h e T1/2 = 9,5 ± 0.6 h. Os resultados obtidos apontaram que o ácido caurenoico, administrado por via intravenosa, apresentou um comportamento cinético linear e bicompartimental na dose testada. Não foram encontrados níveis quantificáveis da substância nas amostras provenientes de ratos tratados com 50 ou 100 mg/kg de ácido caurenoico, por via oral, impossibilitando a definição de sua biodisponibilidade oral e sugerindo uma baixa absorção por esta via. Este é o primeiro estudo farmacocinético desta molécula e, esta avaliação, mesmo que pré-clínica, pode contribuir para o processo de desenvolvimento de novos medicamentos a partir desse diterpeno.
Kaurenoic acid is a kaurane-type diterpene found in several plant species such as Mikania glomerata (guaco), Copaifera langsdorffi (copaíba) and Smallanthus sonchifolia (yacon). Previous studies described several biological activities for this substance such as antitrypanosomal, antimicrobial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, smooth muscle relaxant, hypotensive, diuretic, hypoglycemic and cytotoxic. As this molecule represents a lead compound for the development of new drugs, the aim of our study is to determine the pharmacokinetics profile and oral bioavailability of kaurenoic acid in rats. Wistar rats (n = 6) received 50 or 100 mg/kg of kaurenoic acid by intravenous or oral routes. The insertion of a cannula into the right external jugular vein of Wistar rats allowed intravenous administration of kaurenoic acid and collection of blood samples within predetermined time intervals. Extraction procedures from plasma consisted of acidification with 1% acetic acid (v/v), followed by precipitation of proteins with acetonitrile. The supernatant was submitted to highperformance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV) for quantification of kaurenoic acid. The established analytical conditions were: C18 column (150 x 4.6 mm, 5 μm) maintained at 40 ° C, isocratic elution with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile: acidified water with 0.1% orthophosphoric acid (70:30 v/v), a flow of 1 mL/min, UV detection at 200 nm and injection volume of 80 μL. The proposed methodology proved to be precise, accurate, robust and reliable. The linearity range is between 0.75 and 100 μg/mL. Plasma decay of animals receiving an intravenously dose of 50 mg/kg allowed the determination of the following pharmacokinetic parameters: Cmax = 22.2 ± 1.6 mg/L; Vd = 14.5 ± 1.5 L/kg; CL = 17.7 ± 1.5 mL/min/kg; AUC = 2859 ± 278 mg/L.h and T1/2 = 9.5 ± 0.6 h. Kaurenoic acid administered intravenously showed a linear and two-compartment kinetic behavior at the tested dose. As no measurable levels of substance were found in the samples from mice treated orally with kaurenoic acid, the determination of oral bioavailability was not possible, suggesting poor absorption through this route. This is the first pharmacokinetic study of this molecule and this preclinical assessment can contribute to the process of development of new drugs with this diterpene.
Vasconcelos, Mayron Alves de. « Atividade de lectinas e metabÃlitos bioativos de plantas sobre biofilmes microbianos de interesse clÃnico ». Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=11809.
Texte intégralBiofilmes sÃo comunidades microbianas que encontram-se irreversivelmente associadas a uma superfÃcie e estÃo inseridas em uma matriz polimÃrica produzida por elas mesmas. Os biofilmes estÃo comumente relacionados a infecÃÃes nosocomiais que apresentam maior resistÃncia a agentes antimicrobianos quando comparadas com cÃlulas planctÃnicas, dificultando assim seus tratamentos e limitando as opÃÃes terapÃuticas. Nesse sentido a busca por novas molÃculas com aÃÃo antimicrobiana e antibiofilme tornou-se uma Ãrea ativa na pesquisa cientÃfica. Os vegetais sÃo fontes de uma variedade de molÃculas com propriedades antimicrobianas, dentre estas podemos citar as lectinas e os metabÃlitos secundÃrios. Diversos estudos tÃm relatado a aÃÃo antimicrobiana e antibiofilme dessas classes de molÃculas como forma alternativa ao uso de antibiÃticos. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a aÃÃo antimicrobiana e antibiofilme de diversas lectinas isoladas de leguminosas e algas, bem como de dois metabÃlitos secundÃrios isolados de plantas, derriotusona A (isolado de Lonchocarpus obtusus) e diterpeno casbano (isolado de Croton nepetaefolius). Os resultados demonstraram que algumas das lectinas testadas foram capazes de inibir o crescimento planctÃnico e/ou a formaÃÃo de biofilme de determinados micro-organismos. A lectina isolada de Vaitarea macrocarpa (VML) mostrou ser a lectina mais promissora, mostrando forte aÃÃo sobre o crescimento planctÃnico e formaÃÃo de biofilmes de Staphylococcus aures e Staphylococcus epidermidis. Derriobstusona A mostrou uma potencial aÃÃo antibacteriana e antibiofilme sobre S. aureus, enquanto que, Escherichia coli apresentou menor sensibilidade ao composto. Em adiÃÃo, derriotusona A demonstrou uma potencial aÃÃo antioxidante. Em relaÃÃo ao diterpeno casbano, em geral o composto foi capaz de inibir o crescimento planctÃnico, formaÃÃo de biofilmes e causar danos nos biofilmes prÃ-formados de S.aures, S. epidermidis, Candida albicans e Candida glabrata, e mostrou ainda ser efetivo contra biofilmes formados pela associaÃÃo entre estas bactÃrias e leveduras. Em conclusÃo, os resultados mostraram que algumas lectinas, assim como os metabÃlitos secundÃrios utilizados nesse estudo, podem ser consideradas potenciais agentes antimicrobianas e antibiofilmes, sugerindo assim o uso dessas molÃculas no tratamento de infecÃÃes associadas a diferentes micro-organismos.
Biofilms are microbial communities that are irreversibly attached to a surface and are embedded in a polymeric matrix produced by them. Biofilms are commonly related to nosocomial infections that showing an enhanced resistance to antimicrobial agents compared to planktonic cells, thus hindering their treatments and limiting therapeutic options. In this context, the search for new molecules with antimicrobial and antibiofilm action has become an active area of research. The plants are sources of a variety of molecules with antimicrobial properties, among them we can mention the lectins and secondary metabolites. Several studies have reported the antimicrobial and antibiofilm action of these molecules classes as an alternative to antibiotics. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm of various lectins isolated from leguminous and algae, as well as two secondary metabolites isolated from plants , derriotusone A (isolated from Lonchocarpus obtusus) and casbane diterpene (isolated from Croton nepetaefolius). The results showed that some lectins tested were able to inhibit the planktonic growth and/or the biofilm formation of certain microorganisms. The lectin isolated from Vaitarea macrocarpa (VML) showed to be the most promising lectin, showing strong action on the planktonic growth and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aures and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The derriobstusone A showed potential antibacterial and antibiofilm activite on S. aureus, whereas Escherichia coli showed lower sensitivity to the compound. In addition, derriotusone showed a potential antioxidant activity. Regarding to casbane diterpene, in general the compound was able to inhibit planktonic growth, formation of biofilms and disrupt the preformed biofilms of the S.aures, S. epidermidis, Candida albicans and Candida glabrata, and also showed to be effective against biofilms formed by the association between these bacteria and yeasts. In conclusion, the results showed that some lectins, as the secondary metabolites used in this study, may be considered as potential antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents, thus suggesting the use of these molecules in the treatment of infections associated with different microorganisms.
Fazanaro, Fabiano. « Avaliação in vitro da interferência de lectinas vegetais e do diterpeno casbano isolado de Croton nepataefolius sobre o crescimento de formas planctônicas e biofilmes de Pseudomonas aeruginosa ». reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2010. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/22454.
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This work shows the biological activities of lectins isolated from Vatairea macrocarpa and Vatairea guianensis seeds and the vegetable compound diterpen casban, isolated from Croton nepetaefolius on the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027) that causes otites externa. The in vitro activity of the two lectins and vegetable compound casbane diterpene were compared on cultures of P. aeruginosa in polystyrene microplates. The bacterial cells were tested such in planktonic as in biofilm forms. The lectins tested were not capable to inhibit the growth and biofilm production of P. aeruginosa in the experimental conditions. On the other hand, the casbane diterpene was capable to inhibit the growth of planctonic forms of P. aeruginosa at the concentrations of 500, 250 and 125 µg/mL. However, the inhibition of biofilm production was not observed at the same concentrations. The casbane diterpene isolated from Croton nepetaefolius can be used, after the realization of other studies, as an antibiotic biotechnological tool on planktonic forms of P. aeruginosa
Este trabalho mostra as atividades biológicas de lectinas isoladas de sementes de Vatairea macrocarpa e de Vatairea guianensis e do composto vegetal diterpeno casbano, isolado do Croton nepetaefolius, sobre o crescimento de Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027), causadora de otite externa. Comparou-se a ação in vitro das duas lectinas e do composto vegetal diterpeno casbano sobre culturas de P. aeruginosa em placas de poliestireno. As células bacterianas foram testadas tanto em sua forma planctônica como na de biofilme. As lectinas testadas não foram capazes de inibir o crescimento da forma planctônica e a formação de biofilme da P. aeruginosa nas condições experimentais. Por outro lado, o diterpeno casbano foi capaz de inibir o crescimento de P. aeruginosa na forma planctônica, nas concentrações de 500, 250 e 125 µg/mL. Entretanto, não foi observada inibição da formação do biofilme da P. aeruginosa nas concentrações utilizadas neste estudo. O diterpeno casbano isolado de Croton nepetaefolius poderá ser utilizado, após a realização de outros estudos, como ferramenta biotecnológica antimicrobiana sobre as formas planctônicas de P. aeruginosa .
Van, Wyk Albert Wynand Wincke. « Studies in marine diterpene chemistry ». Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005019.
Texte intégralCampos, Débora Ribeiro. « Avaliação do efeito vascular do diterpeno esclareol em ratos normotensos e hipertensos ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17137/tde-27072016-152727/.
Texte intégralINTRODUCTION. High Blood Pressure is a common cardiovascular disease that affects about 50 million people in the US, and a proportionate number to this in Brazil. Many studies have shown that many diterpenoid classes exert significant effect on the cardiovascular system. These studies suggest these metabolites class as a promising source prototype for the development of new agents in the cardiovascular therapy. OBJECTIVE. This study was designed to investigate the mechanisms involved in cardiovascular effect (in vitro and in vivo) of diterpene esclareol in normotensive and hypertensive rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Male Wistar rats were used, weighing an average of 250 - 300g from the Central Animal Facility of the Campus of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP). The animals were kept in the animal house of the Department of Surgery and Anatomy in temperature environment (22-25ºC) and light / dark cycle (12:12 hours) controlled. For the induction of hypertension, the model was used two kidney - one clip (left renal artery). The tail noninvasive blood pressure was measured using a cuff, connected to a sensor for systolic arterial blood pressure ((Kent Scientific Corporation, Connecticut, USA). The monitoring of mean arterial blood pressure was measured using MP System 100 A (BioPac System, Inc., Santa Barbara, CA, USA). The in vitro vascular reactivity was evaluated by measuring concentration-response curves for sclareol built from the record of isometric forces obtained in aortic rings with or without endothelium precontracted with Phe 10-7M in organ chambers. The indirect plasma measurements of NO were carried out by determination of serum levels of nitrite and nitrate using the Sievers NOAnalizer 280i (Sievers, Boulder, CO, USA). One or two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni posttests were performed to detect possible differences between the values in the study. P <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS. The analysis of the effect of Esclareol on ?PAS showed that there was a significant reduction in ?PAS in both groups. The nitric oxide synthase and soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitors were as efficient as the removal of endothelium, to inhibit relaxation induced by the sclareol. Analysis of the strengths of plasmatic showed no significant difference between groups. CONCLUSION. From the data obtained in this study, it is concluded that the sclareol showed promise as to their vasodilator effects, both in vivo and in-vitro. Nevertheless, the sclareol showed no change of NO, possibly due to the method used
Figueiredo, Camila Silva de. « Contribuição à quimiotaxonomia e ficoquímica de Canistrocarpus cervicornis (Kützing) De Paula & ; De Clerk (Dictyotaceae) : coletada nos litorais paraibano e fluminense ». Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2013. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8056.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Marine biodiversity is presented as a promising source of new substances with high biological potential. Among the many organisms that inhabit the marine environment, we stress the brown algae belonging to the family Dictyotaceae. Genus Canistrocarpus was recently established, and some algae Dictyota formerly were reclassified as Canistrocarpus. This work describes the results of the phycochemical study of Canistrocarpus cervicornis (formerly classified as Dictyota pulchella), and the evaluation of the phycochemical profile of C. cervicornis collected on the coast of Paraíba and the coast of Rio de Janeiro, which contributed to the correct name of Dictyota pulchella as Canistrocarpus cervicornis. Alga samples were collected at Bessa Beach (coordinates 07º04'01 '' S and 34º49'35 '' W), city of João Pessoa (PB) in August 2010 and December 2012. The material was dried at room temperature and extraction was performed with CH2Cl2 : MeOH (2:1). The material was dried at room temperature in fresh air and extraction was performed with CH2Cl2: MeOH (2:1). The extract obtained the first collection was subjected to vacuum filtration on silica gel with solvent hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol in increasing gradient of polarity. The fraction hexane : ethyl acetate (85:15) was subjected to column chromatography yielded one new natural product, the dolastane diterpene 4,7-diacetoxy dichotenone A. The extract resulting from the second collection was divided in two parts. The first part was subjected to column chromatography resulted in the isolation of a known dolastane diterpene, 4-acetoxy-14-hidroxydolast-1(15),7,9-triene. A second aliquot of the extract was acetylated and subjected to column chromatography, which led to the isolation of three diterpenes, one dolastane unpublished in the literature, 4-desoxy-amijidictyol and two known secodolastanes, isolinearol acetate and indicol. Chemical constituents isolated were identified by spectroscopic methods 1H and 13C-1D and 2D NMR, optical rotation and comparison with literature data. This study contributed to the chemotaxonomy of the tribe Dictyoteae, especially C. cervicornis.
A biodiversidade marinha apresenta-se como uma fonte promissora de novas substâncias com grande potencial biológico. Dentre os diversos organismos que habitam o ambiente marinho, merecem destaque as algas pardas pertencentes à família Dictyotaceae e gênero Canistrocarpus. Este gênero foi instituído recentemente, e algumas algas anteriormente denominadas Dictyota foram reclassificadas como Canistrocarpus. O presente trabalho descreve os resultados do estudo ficoquímico de Canistrocarpus cervicornis (anteriormente classificada como Dictyota pulchella), envolvendo a avaliação do perfil ficoquímico de C. cervicornis coletada no litoral da Paraíba e no litoral do Rio de Janeiro. Este estudo contribuiu para a correta denominação da então D. pulchella em C. cervicornis. As amostras da alga foram coletadas na Praia do Bessa (coordenadas 07º04’01’’ S e 34º49’35’’ W) na cidade de João Pessoa (PB), em agosto de 2010 e em dezembro de 2012. A secagem foi realizada a temperatura ambiente, em local arejado e a extração procedida com CH2Cl2:MeOH (2:1). O extrato resultante da primeira coleta foi submetido a uma filtração a vácuo em sílica gel com os solventes hexano, acetato de etila e metanol em gradiente crescente de polaridade. A fração hexano:acetato de etila (85:15) foi submetida a cromatografia em coluna, de onde se obteve um novo produto natural, o diterpeno dolastano 4,7-diacetoxi de dichotenona A. O extrato resultante da segunda coleta foi dividido em duas partes. Uma alíquota foi submetida à cromatografia em coluna, de onde se obteve o diterpeno dolastano conhecido 4-acetoxi-14-hidroxidolasta-1(15),7,9-trieno. A segunda alíquota do extrato foi acetilada e submetida a cromatografias em coluna, o que levou ao isolamento de três diterpenos, sendo um dolastano inédito na literatura, o 4-desoxi-amijidictyol e dois secodolastanos conhecidos, o acetato de isolinearol e o indicol. Os constituintes químicos isolados foram identificados por análises espectroscópicas de RMN 1H e 13C uni e bidimensionais, rotação ótica, e comparação com dados da literatura. Este estudo contribuiu para a quimiotaxonomia da tribo Dictyoteae, em especial de C. cervicornis.
Barreiros, Marizeth Libório. « Flavonóides e terpenóides de três espécies do gênero Erythroxylum e suas atividades biológicas ». Instituto de Química, 2005. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/20304.
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Este trabalho descreve o estudo fitoquímico dos extratos clorofórmicos e acetato de etila de três espécies do gênero Erythroxylum, E. nummularia, E. passerinum e E. barbatum, além da realização de testes de atividade biológicas com os extratos e as substâncias isoladas visando obter substâncias bioativas. O gênero Erythroxylum pertence a família Erythroxylaceae que compreende aproximadamente 250 espécies distribuídas nas regiões tropicais com extensas áreas de diversidade na América do Sul e Madagascar. A partir das folhas de E. nummularia foram isolados os flavonóides, 7,4-dimetilquercetina, quercetina, quercetina-3-glicopiranosídeo e epicatequina. A partir dos frutos de E. passerinum foram isolados dois novos diterpenos, 3-metoxi-2,8,12-trihidroxi-15-oxi-10-hidroxi-rianodano e o 10-dihidroxi-2,6,12-triidroxi-15-oxi-rianodano. Este é o primeiro registro desses diterpenos na família Erythroxylaceae. Enquanto que E. barbatum levou ao isolamento de quercetina-3-ramnopiranosídeo, 7,4-dimetilquercetina–rutinosídeo, quercetina-3-rutinosídeo, quercetina, epicatequina, além de -amirina, palmitato de -amirinila, lupeol, -sitosterol e 132 -(OH)-Clorofila a. As substâncias foram isoladas através de métodos cromatográficos e suas estruturas foram elucidadas através da análise dos dados obtidos pelos espectros de RMN de 1H e 13C, UV e EM. Os extratos e algumas substâncias foram submetidos a testes de atividade citotóxica, larvicida, moluscicida e imunomoduladora. Nestes testes o extrato acetato de etila dos frutos de E. passerinum apresentou 100% de atividade para larvas da Artemia salina na concentração de 100 ppm. Esta atividade é devido, provavelmente, a presença das substâncias 3-metoxi-2,6,12-trihidroxi-15-oxi-10-hidroxi-rianodano e 10-dihidroxi-2,6,12-triidroxi-15-oxi-rianodano.. A substância 3-metoxi-2,6,12-trihidroxi-15-oxi-10-hidroxi-rianodano foi tóxica frente as larvas da Artemia salina causando 50% de mortes numa concentração de 0,63 x 10-5 mol/l com o LC50= 21,8 mol/l. Com relação ao teste larvicida, os extratos tanto dos frutos de E. passerinum e E. nummularia foram inativos, entretanto a substância 3-metoxi-2,6,12-trihidroxi-15-oxi-10-hidroxi-rianodano apresentou atividade para as larvas de Aedes aegypti causando 100 % de mortalidade na concentração de 2,52 x 10-5mol/l. Todos os extratos foram inativos para o teste de atividade moluscicida, bem como a substância 3-metoxi-2,6,12-trihidroxi-15-oxi-10-hidroxi-rianodano. As substâncias quercetina, epicatequina e quercetina-3-ramnopiranosídeo apresentaram atividade imunomoduladora moderada, embora não tenha sido calculado o IC50.
This work describes the phytochemical study of the chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of three species of the genus Erythroxylum, E. nummularia, E. passerinum and E. barbatum, besides biological activity assay of crude extracts and pure substances isolatedes in the search of bioactives substances. The genus Erythroxylum belongs to Erythroxylaceae family that comprises approximately 250 species widely distributed in tropical regions and with diversity areas in South America and Madagascar. From the leaves of E. passerinum it was isolated the flavonoids quercetin, quercetin-3-glucopyranoside and epicatechin and from E. nummularia it was obtained 7,4-dimethylquercetin, quercetin, quercetin-3-glucopyranoside and also epicatechin. From the fruits of E. passerinum it was isolated two new ryanodane diterpenes named 3-metoxy-2,6,12-trihydroxy-15-oxy-10-hydroxy-ryanodane and 3,10-dihydroxy-2,6,12-trihydroxy-15-oxy-ryanodane. This is the first report of these diterpenes in the Erytrhoxylaceae family. While E. barbatum lead to the isolation of quercetin-3-rhamnopyranoside, 7,4-dimethylquercetin–rutinoside, quercetin-3-rutinoside, quercetin, epicatechin, besides of -amyrin, -amyrinile palmitate, lupeol, -sitosterol and chlorophyll a. The compounds were isolated through extensive chromatographic procedures and their structures were elucidated by the analyses of 1H RMN and 13C, EM, UV and IR spectral data. The crude extracts and same substances pure were performed cytotoxic, larvicidal, molluscicidal and immunodulator activity assays. In these assay the ethyl acetate of E. passerinum fruits showed 100 % of activity in the A. salina assay at concentration of 100 ppm. This activity is probably due to of the substances 3-metoxy-2,6,12-trihydroxy-15-oxy-10-hydroxy-ryanodane and 3,10-dihydroxy-2,6,12-triidroxy-15-oxy-ryanodane presence. The substance 3-metoxy-2,6,12-trihydroxy-15-oxy-10-hydroxy-ryanodane was toxic in front of A. salina larvae with 50 % death at concentration of 0,63 x 10-5 mol/l with LC50= 21,8 mol/l. In relationship to the larvicidal assay, both extracts of E. passerinum and E. nummularia of the fruits were inactives. However, the substance 3-metoxy-2,6,12-trihydroxy-15-oxy-10-hydroxy-ryanodane showed activity to Aedes aegypti larvae causing 100 % of mortality at concentration of 2,52 x 10-5 mol/l. All the extracts were inactives for the molluscicidal assay, so as, the substances 3-metoxy-2,6,12-trihydroxy-15-oxy-10-hydroxy-ryanodane. The substances quercetin, epicatechin and quercetin-3-rhamnopyranoside showed moderade immunodulator activity, thougt the IC50 was not calculated.
Durán, Rincón Melvin Aroldo. « Fracionamento do óleo de café verde por destilação molecular ». [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266880.
Texte intégralTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química
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Resumo: Recentemente, a substituição de materiais convencionais utilizados na alimentação, produtos farmacêuticos e cosméticos por produtos naturais vem ganhando mais e mais interesse e importância. As principais indústrias nacionais e internacionais têm procurado fontes naturais alternativas para seus insumos e matérias primas, e uma das grandes dificuldades está na própria obtenção de tais materiais e principalmente, no isolamento e purificação dos agentes bioativos. O café é uma das bebidas mais conhecidas em todo o mundo, agindo como estimulante nas pessoas devido a sua atividade psicogênica. O café é um dos mais importantes produtos agrícolas representando uma das bases do desenvolvimento econômico e social dos países produtores. O café foi erroneamente considerado no passado como um produto onde basicamente seu principal composto era a cafeína, mas ele tem mais de 1000 compostos tais como vitaminas, aminoácidos, açúcares, lipídios, minerais, diterpenos (cafestol, caveol), ácidos clorogênicos, entre muitos outros ainda a ser estudados. O conteúdo de óleo nos grãos de café é de aproximadamente 18% p/p. Este é composto principalmente de triacilglicerol (TAG) 75%, ésteres diterpênicos de ácidos graxos (principalmente cafestol e caveol) 18%, ceras, ácidos graxos livres, esteróis, tocoferóis e diterpenos livres. O óleo contido no grão de café verde tem uma alta composição de ácidos linoléico e palmítico, e é classificado como óleo não-secante. Este óleo é um líquido à temperatura ambiente e tem importantes aplicações na indústria de cosméticos, por sua ação como protetor solar, propriedade que é atribuída aos diterpenos. Muitas empresas in Brasil (Café Pelé, Café Iguaçu, Cia Cacique de Café Solúvel, Odebrecht-Comércio e Indústria de Café, e indústrias linax) oferecem o óleo de café torrado e verde no mercado obtido por prensagem mecânica, e este é geralmente acondicionado em recipientes plásticos com capacidade de 5 e 20 kg. Neste projeto foi fracionado o óleo de café verde da variedade Coffea arabica, por meio de destilação molecular para alcançar frações com maior teor de diterpenos. As frações obtidas foram caracterizadas através de procedimentos analíticos para conhecer a influencia dos diterpenos cafestol e caveol sob as propriedades físico-químicas, assim como o comportamento térmico e reológico. Também foi desenvolvido um programa de simulação baseado no simulador comercial Aspen Plus, para observar a influencia das variáveis mais importantes na destilação molecular. No entanto, não houve informação detalhada, nem estudos sistemáticos, sobre o refino do óleo de café utilizando destilação molecular. A idéia de desenvolver o modelo é compreender o processo e ter uma ferramenta que permita uma extensa avaliação do impacto das diferentes condições operacionais e, em seguida, para implementar a mais adequada condição operacional no destilador molecular
Abstract: Recently, the substitution of conventional materials used in the nutrition, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic areas by natural products has gained more and more interest and importance. The main national and international industries have sought alternative natural sources for their inputs and raw materials. One of the great difficulties in obtaining such material is especially the isolation and purification of bioactive agents. Coffee is one of the most popular beverages worldwide, acting as a stimulant in people due to its activity psychogenic. Coffee represents one of the most important agricultural products for producing countrie's economic and social. Coffee was wrongly considered into the past as having basically or mainly caffeine. Coffee has more than 1.000 compounds such as vitamin, amino acids, sugars, lipids, minerals, cafestol, kahweol, chlorogenic acids, among many others yet to be studied. The oil content in coffee is about 18% w / w. This consists mainly of triacylglycerol (TAG) 75%, diterpene fatty acid esters (mainly cafestol and kahweol) 18%, waxes, free fatty acids, sterols, tocopherols, and free diterpenes.The oil contained in green coffee bean has a high composition of palmitic and linoleic acids, and is classified as nondrying oil. This oil is a liquid at room temperature and has important applications in the cosmetics industry by acting as a sunscreen, a property that is attributed to the diterpenes. Many companies in Brazil (Café Pelé, Café Iguaçu, Cia Cacique de Café Solúvel, Odebrecht-Comércio e Indústria de Café, e indústrias linax) offer the oil of roasted coffee and green coffee on the market, obtained by mechanical pressing, usually packaged in plastic containers with a capacity of 5 and 20 kg. In this work, the green coffee oil (Coffea arabica), was fractionated by molecular distillation to achieve fractions with higher levels of diterpenes. The obtained fractions were characterized by analytical procedures to know the influence of the diterpenes cafestol and kahweol on the physico-chemical as well as thermal and rheological behavior. We also developed a simulation program based on the commercial simulator Aspen Plus to observe the influence of the most important variables in molecular distillation process. The idea of developing the program is to understand the process and have a tool that allows the evaluation of the impact of different operating conditions and to implement the results in the experimental tests
Doutorado
Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos
Doutor em Engenharia Química
Prado, Regilane Matos da Silva. « Studies on cardiovascular and hepatic effects of trans-dehydrocrotonin, a clerodane diterpene isolated from Croton cajucara benth (sacaca) ». Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2005. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6.
Texte intégralCroton cajucara Benth (Euphorbiaceae) is a popular medicinal plant in the Amazon region of Brazil for the treatment of liver and kidney disorders and also to lower blood cholesterol. The trans-dehydrocrotonin (t-DCTN), is the major clerodane diterpene isolated from the stem bark of Croton cajucara, that showed gastroprotective, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. Since drugs that possess pharmacological properties are often associated with contradictory cardiovascular and hepatic effects with possible cytoprotection or cytotoxicity properties, the present study aimed to examine the effects of t-DCTN (i) in the tests of lethality to Artemia sp and in primary cultures of mesencephalic and hepatic cells in vitro; (ii) on hepatotoxicity induced in vivo by acetaminophen or galactosamine/LPS in mice and (iii) on arterial blood pressure and heart rate in vivo, and on chronotropism and inotropism on isolated preparations of rat atria and aortic rings. The t-DCTN (0.3 to 300 Micromolar) demonstrated low toxicity to Artemia sp (LC50 of 670 Â 80 Micromolar), and manifested no per se cytotoxicity on primary cultures of mesencephalic cells but could effectively revert the reduced cell viability induced by neurotoxin, 6-OHDA (200 Micromolar). On the other hand, t-DCTN (0.3â300 Micromolar) displayed cytotoxicity similar to ethanol (50-400 Milimolar) in primary cultures of hepatocytes. It, however offered hepatoprotection against acetaminophen (500 mg/kg)-induced hepatotoxicity in mice, evidenced from biochemical parameters of hepatic glutathione, and malonaldehyde, and serum AST and ALT levels. Nevertheless, the histological scores in liver tissues were not significantly altered by t-DCTN pretreatment. t-DCTN pretreatment also offered protection against galactosamine/LPS-induced hepatotxcity through restoration of glutathione and reductions in serum AST and ALT levels. In pentobarbital sodium anesthetized normotensive rats, t-DCTN produced hypotensive and bradycardia responses in a dose-dependent manner. The hypotensive effect of t-DCTN (10 mg/kg) was not affected by atropine, propranolol or hexamethonium but was abolished by L-NAME. In isolated right atria, t-DCTN inhibited the spontaneous beating but it was unable to reduce the isoproterenol-induced increase in heart beat. The inotropism was unchanged in the presence of t-DCTN in isolated left atria. In isolated rat aortic rings, t-DCTN relaxed the tonic contraction induced by phenylephrine (1 Micromolar), which was abolished in endothelium denuded or in L-NAME treated tissues. t-DCTN possessed low toxicity to Artemia sp; is devoid of neurotoxicity to mesencephalic cells; either induced hepatotoxicity or hepatoprotection, depending on the models used, and further suggested a possible inhibitory action on cytocrhrome-P450. The hypotensive action of t-DCTN may possibly involve in part the nitric oxide release from endothelium, and in part a direct relaxant effect on vascular smooth muscle. Taken together the data available in literature with the present observations suggest a caution while extrapolating animal data for a promising therapeutic utility of t-DCTN especially in the treatment of hepatic disorders or diabetes associated pathologies.
Croton cajucara Benth. (Euphorbiaceae), planta medicinal da regiÃo AmazÃnica do Brasil, à usada no tratamento de desordens hepÃticas, renais e hipercolesterolemia. A transdesidrocrotonina (t-DCTN), principal diterpeno clerodano isolado da casca do caule do CrÃton cajucara, possui efeito gastroprotetor, hipoglicÃmico e hilpolipidÃmico. Uma vez que substÃncias com esse perfil farmacolÃgico sÃo geralmente associadas a efeitos contraditÃrios sobre o sistema cardiovascular ou hepÃtico com possÃveis propriedades citoprotetora ou citotÃxica, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos da t-DCTN (i) no teste de toxicidade para Artemia sp e para cultura de cÃlulas mesencefÃlicas primÃrias e cÃlulas hepÃticas in vitro; (ii) na toxicidade induzida in vivo por acetaminofeno ou galactosamina/LPS em camundongos e (iii) na pressÃo arterial mÃdia e freqÃÃncia cardÃaca in vivo, e no cronotropismo e inotropismo em Ãtrio isolado e anÃis de aorta isolada de rato. A t-DCTN (3-300 Micromolar) possui baixa toxicidade para Artemia sp (CL50 = 670  80 Micromolar) nÃo sendo detectada atividade citotÃxica da t-DTCN sobre cÃlulas mesencefÃlicas primÃrias per si, revertendo a diminuiÃÃo da viabilidade celular induzida por 6-OHDA (200 Micromolar). Por outro lado, a t-DCTN (0,3-300 Micromolar) demonstrou citotoxicidade semelhante ao etanol (50-400 Milimolar) em cultura primÃria de hepatÃcitos de rato de acordo com os teste do MTT, embora tenha apresentado proteÃÃo na hepatotoxicidade induzida por acetaminofeno (500 mg/kg) em camundongos, pelos testes da glutationa, malonaldeÃdo, AST e ALT em contraste, os escores histolÃgicos de tecido hepÃtico de camundongos nÃo foram significativamente alterados pela t-DCTN para cÃlulas tratadas com acetaminofeno, mas mostrou hepatoproteÃÃo na lesÃo induzida por galactosamina/LPS, revertendo os nÃveis de glutationa induzida pela hepatotoxina os nÃveis sÃricos de AST e ALT. Em animais normotensos anestesiados com pentobarbital, a t-DCTN produziu hipotenÃÃo e bradicardia de forma dose dependente. A hipotenÃÃo induzida por t-DCTN (10 mg/kg) nÃo foi alterada pelo prÃ-tratamento com atropina, propranolol e hexametÃnio, sendo reduzida pelo L-NAME. A t-DCTN inibe a freqÃÃncia de contraÃÃo espontÃnea de Ãtrio direito isolado, mas nÃo interfere no aumento dos batimentos atriais induzido pelo isoproterenol. O inotropismo nÃo foi alterado pela t-DCTN em Ãtrio esquerdo isolado. A t-DCTN à capaz de relaxar contraÃÃes submaximais de fenilefrina (1 Micromolar), sendo seu efeito parcialmente inibido pela retirada do endotÃlio ou pela presenÃa de L-NAME. Portanto, a t-DCTN possui baixa toxicidade para Artemia sp, nenhuma neurotoxicidade para cÃlulas mesencefÃlicas, hepatotoxicidade e hepatoproteÃÃo, dependendo da tÃcnica utilizada, sugerindo uma possÃvel aÃÃo inibitÃria no citocromo P450. A hipotenÃÃo induzida pela t-DCTN provavelmente se deve a sua aÃÃo combinada bradicardizante e vasodilatadora sendo esse efeito parcialmente mediado pela liberaÃÃo de NO endotelial e parte por efeitos na musculatura lisa vascular. Em conjunto, os dados disponÃveis na literatura com as presentes observaÃÃes sugerem que a t-DCTN està envolvida com propriedades citotÃxicas bem como citoprotetoras e, portanto, cuidados deve ser tomados quanto a extrapolaÃÃo dos dados em animais para a promissora atividade terapÃutica, especialmente para tratamento de desordens hepÃticas ou patologias associadas à diabetes.
Rogers, Joseph Nathan. « Biomimetic studies towards the polycyclic diterpene bielschowskysin ». Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13999/.
Texte intégralMyatt, James W. « Synthetic studies towards the indole-diterpene mycotoxins ». Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405159.
Texte intégralFeliu, Diego Amaral de. « Análise de terpenóides de espécies de Croton sect. Lamprocroton (Mull. Arg.) Pax (Euphorbiaceae) ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41132/tde-18012012-135843/.
Texte intégralCroton is a large genus of Euphorbiaceae comprising around 1.300 species, widespread in tropical and subtropical regions of America, Africa, Asia and Australia. Brazil is one of the main hot spot in the world, with more than 350 species described, many of them endemic. Although several species are used in tradicional medicine for the treatement of diseases like cancer, diabetes, fever, high cholesterol and high blood pressure. Most species have no phytochemical studies concerning their biological activities. Literature shows terpenoids as predominant secondary metabolite constituents in Croton. The present study was carried outwith the analysis of essential oils and crude methanolic extracts obtained from leaves and bark of 10 samples of Croton sect. Lamprocroton. All species used on this study were submitted to their first chemical description. Forty four compounds were identified on essential oil by GC/MS, 14 monoterpenes and 30 sesquiterpenes. Some oxygenated compounds with important biological activity were detectaed in high concentrations: 1,8-cineol (C. ericoides: 24.1%; C.linearifolius: 26.9%; C. muellerianus: 23.9%), linalol (C. dusenii: 18.2%), bisabolol (C. ceanothifolius: 49.9%), 1-isopropil-7-metil-4-metileno-1,3,4,6,8-hexa-hidro-2H-naftalen-4-ol (C. linearifolius: 25.2%; C. pallidulus var. pallidulus: 23.6%). The metanolic extract analysis reveled by GC/MS15 diterpenes, 9 triterpenes e 13 steroids. Diterpenes are describe as the main secondary metabolite in Croton. Besides diterpenes with labdan, cauran, clerodan and podocarpan skeletal types, three opened ring diterpenes (fitol, hexadecatetraenol e furanona) and one alcoholic diterpene (retinol) were detected. Two clerodans were identified with trans-desidrocrotonin estructure-like, a compound with high pharmacological use. Podocarpans that have only been registered for two Croton species, were commonly found on Croton sect. Lamprocroton (podocarp-7-en-3-one 13β-metil-13-vinil; podocarp-7,8-diien-3-one-13-acetoxi; podocarpa-7,13-dien-15-oic acid; and metil-13(2-metoxi-2-oxoetildeno)-14-metil-7-oxopodocarpan-15-oate). Triterpenes and steroids shown high diversity and were detected at all studied species, with a highlight for compounds with high pharmacological potencial like triterpens α-amirine, lupeol and lupenone; and the steroids beta and gamma-sitosterol. The results obtained led to a list of compounds and suggestions for future pharmacological tests and developments.
Ramirez, Maria Camila Acevedo. « Terpenos rearranjados da esponja Darwinella cf. oxeata com potencial leishmanicida ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75133/tde-01042016-094114/.
Texte intégralThe sponge Darwinella sp. was collected in Rio de Janeiro’s coast and its methanolic extract showed leishmanicidal activity. The crude extract was partitioned in three fractions: hexane, AcOEt and XAD fractions. This last one was obtained by resin adsorption (mixture of XAD-2, XAD-4 and XAD-7 resins) of organic constituents from the aqueous fraction and subsequent recovery by extraction from the resins mixture. All of three fractions were also tested in leishmanicidal bioassay. The AcOEt fraction promoted 100% of parasite death. This fraction was separated into less complex fractions by size exclusion chromatography (Sephadex® LH-20) and solid phase extractions (SPE). The compounds were isolated and purified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with on-line UV detector. Seven substances were isolated, which four of them were spectroscopically identified. The membranolide, the oxeatamide A methyl ester, the oxeatamide H and the oxeatin are spongian diterpenes with nitrogenous aplysulphurane skeleton, except for the membranolide. The oxeatamides are a series of nitrogenous aplysulphurane metabolites that includes the oxeatamide A methyl ester and the oxeatamide H. All of these compounds, except the oxeatamide H, were evaluated for antiprotozoal activity against Leishmania infantum. None of these compounds displayed leishmanicidal activity.
Lima, Karisia Sousa Barros de. « Phytochemical Study of Two Species of Hyptis from Northeast of Brazil : Hyptis carvalhoi Harley and Hyptis crassifolia Mart. ex Benth. and Anticancer Activity of the Isolated Compound ». reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2014. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/18345.
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This work describes the phytochemical investigation of two specimens of Hyptis: H. carvalhoi Harley and H. crassifolia Mart. ex Benth., whose purpose is to investigate northeastern Brazil plants of the Hyptis genus, in the search for bioactive compounds, especially with anticancer activity. The chemical analysis of both species resulted in the isolation and characterization of 10 substances for H. crassifolia and 12 substances for H. carvalhoi. Of the ethanol extract from roots of H. crassifolia were isolated nine diterpenes and the known triterpene betulinic acid. Of the nine diterpenes, four are abietanes: 12-hydroxy-8,11,13-abietatriene, 12-hydroxy-8,11,13-abietatrie-7-one, 11,12,15-tri-hydroxy-8,11,13-abietatrien-7-one and 6α,11,12,15-tetra-hydroxy-8,11,13-abietatrien-7-one, from which 11,12,15-tri-hydroxy-8,11,13-abietatrien-7-one is being reported for the first time in the literature as a new natural abietane diterpene and the 6α,11,12,15-tetra-hydroxy-8,11,13-abietatrien-7-one is unknow. Three have rearranged abietanes skeletons: 11,12,14,16-tetra-hydroxy-17 -abeo-abieta-8,11,13-trien-7-one, 11,12,16-tri-hydroxy-17 -abeo-abieta-8,11,13-trien-7-one and (16S)-12,16-epoxy-11,14-di-hydroxy-17 -abeo-abieta-8,11,13-trien-7-one, from which the 11,12,16-tri-hydroxy-17 -abeo-abieta-8,11,13-trien-7-one is unknown, and to the (16S)-12,16-epoxy-11,14-di-hydroxy-17 -abeo-abieta-8,11,13-trien-7-one is proposed a revision of the 1H and 13C NMR data previously reported in the literature. Two known labdane diterpenes: 11-oxomanoyl oxide and 11β-hydroxymanoyl oxide were also isolated. From the hexane extract of the roots of H. carvalhoi were isolated ten diterpenes, one compound from a mixed biosynthesis, 3β-[4’-acetoxyangeloiloxy]-tremetone, not yet reported for the Lamiaceae, and betulinic acid, a chemotaxonomic marker for the genus Hyptis. Of the ten diterpenes, five are abietane: 12-hydroxy-8,11,13-abietatrien-20-al, 8,11,13-abietatrien-12,20-diol, 11-hydroxy-12-metoxy-8,11,13-abietatrien-10-oic acid, 12-hydroxy-8,11,13-abietatrien-10-oic acid and 12-hydroxy-8,11,13-abietatriene, an unknown nor-diterpene, with a 20-nor-icetexane skeleton identified as 8(7),10(7)-di-epoxy-12-hydroxy-20-nor-8,11,13-abietatriene, a pimarane diterpene, 11-ketosandaracopimar-15-en-8β-ol, unknow in the Lamiaceae and three tanshinones: 7β-hydroxy-11,14-di-oxoabieta-8,13-diene, 7,12-di-hydroxy-8,12-abietadien-11,14-di-oxo-20-al and 7α-hydroxy-11,14-dioxoabieta-8,13-diene, from which the last is unknown. All compounds were isolated using successive chromatographic purification steps, including HPLC, and structural determination was performed by mean of spectroscopic techniques such as HRMS, IR, 1H and 13C NMR, including uni and bidimensional pulse sequences, and comparison with data from the literature. Among the isolated compounds, eighteen have been tested for cell-growth inhibition activity against several human cancer cell lines, and ten showed activity. From the compounds isolated from H. crassifolia, 12-hydroxy-8,11,13-abietatriene and 11,12,14,16-tetra-hydroxy-17 -abeo-abieta-8,11,13-trien-7-one showed a moderate cytotoxic activity, while 12-hydroxy-8,11,13-abietatrie-7-one exhibited a moderate, but selective activity against leukemia cell line. All diterpenes isolated from H. carvalhoi exhibited cytotoxic activity, but 7,12-di-hydroxy-8,12-abietadien-11,14-di-oxo-20-al, after 72 hours of incubation, showed IC50 values ranging from 3.91 to 32.01 μM in colon tumor (HCT-116) and leukemic (HL-60) cells, respectively. Its possible mechanism of action was then studied.
Este trabalho descreve a investigação fitoquímica de dois espécimes de Hyptis: H. carvalhoi Harley e H. crassifolia Mart. ex Benth. O objetivo é investigar plantas do gênero Hyptis do Nordeste do Brasil, na busca por compostos bioativos, principalmente com atividade anticâncer. A prospecção química relativa às duas espécies resultou no isolamento de 10 substâncias para H. crassifolia e 12 substâncias para H. carvalhoi. Do extrato etanólico das raízes de H. crassifolia foram isolados nove diterpenos e o triterpeno conhecido como ácido betulínico. Dos nove diterpenos, quatro são abietanos: 12-hidroxi-8,11,13-abietatrieno, 12-hidroxi-8,11,13-abietatrien-7-ona, 11,12,15-tri-hidroxi-8,11,13-abietatrien-7-ona e 6α,11,12,15-tetra-hidroxi-8,11,13-abietatrien-7-ona, dos quais a 11,12,15-tri-hidroxi-8,11,13-abietatrien-7-ona está sendo relatada pela primeira vez como um novo diterpeno abietano natural e a 6α,11,12,15-tetra-hidroxi-8,11,13-abietatrien-7-ona é inédita na literatura. Três apresentam esqueletos abietanos rearranjados: 11,12,14,16-tetra-hidroxi-17 -abeo-abieta-8,11,13-trien-7-ona, 11,12,16-tri-hidroxi-17 -abeo-abieta-8,11,13-trien-7-ona e (16S)-12,16-epoxi-11,14-di-hidroxi-17 -abeo-abieta-8,11,13-trien-7-ona, sendo a 11,12,16-tri-hidroxi-17 -abeo-abieta-8,11,13-trien-7-ona inédita, e para a (16S)-12,16-epoxi-11,14-di-hidroxi-17 -abeo-abieta-8,11,13-trien-7-ona está se propondo uma revisão dos dados de RMN de 1H e 13C relatados na literatura. Foram isolados também dois diterpenos labdanos conhecidos: óxido de 11β-hidroximanoila e óxido de 11-oxomanoila. Do extrato hexânico das raízes de H. carvalhoi foram isolados dez diterpenos, uma substância de biossíntese mista, denominada de 3β-[4’-acetoxiangeloiloxi]-tremetona, ainda não relatada na família Lamiaceae e o ácido betulínico, marcador quimiotaxonômico no gênero Hyptis. Dos dez diterpenos, cinco são abietanos: 12-hidroxi-8,11,13-abietatrien-20-al, 8,11,13-abietatrien-12,20-diol, ácido 11-hidroxi-12-metoxi-8,11,13-abietatrien-10-óico, ácido 12-hidroxi-8,11,13-abietatrien-10-óico e 12-hidroxi-8,11,13-abietatrieno, um nor-diterpeno, com esqueleto 20-nor-icetexano inédito, denominado 8(7),10(7)-diepoxi-12-hidroxi-20-nor-8,11,13-abietatrieno, um diterpeno pimarano, o 11-cetosandaracopimar-15-en-8β-ol, inédito na família Lamiaceae e três tanshinonas: 7β-hidroxi-11,14-dioxoabieta-8,13-dieno, 7,12-di-hidroxi-8,12-abietadien-11,14-di-oxo-20-al e 7α-hidroxi-11,14-dioxoabieta-8,13-dieno, sendo a última inédita na literatura. Todos os compostos foram isolados utilizando sucessivos fracionamentos cromatográficos, incluindo CLAE e a determinação estrutural foi realizada através de técnicas espectroscópicas como EMAR, IV, RMN de 1H e 13C, incluindo sequências de pulsos uni e bidimensionais, e comparação com dados descritos na literatura. Dentre os compostos isolados, dezoito foram testados com relação a inibição do crescimento celular de quatro linhagens de células humanas cancerígenas e dez mostraram atividade. Dos compostos isolados de H. crassifolia o 12-hidroxi-8,11,13-abietatrieno e a 11,12,14,16-tetra-hidroxi-17 -abeo-abieta-8,11,13-trien-7-ona apresentaram atividade citotóxica moderada, enquanto a 12-hidroxi-8,11,13-abietatrien-7-ona apresentou uma atividade citotóxica moderada, porém seletiva contra células tumorais leucêmicas. Dos compostos isolados de H. carvalhoi todos os diterpenos apresentaram atividade citotóxica, mas a 7,12-di-hidroxi-8,12-abietadien-11,14-di-oxo-20-al, após 72 horas de incubação, apresentou valores de CI50 que variaram de 3,91 a 32,01 μM em células tumorais de cólon (HCT-116) e leucêmicas (HL-60), respectivamente. O seu possível mecanismo de ação, foi então estudado.
Shephard, Freya. « cDNA cloning and heterologous expression of diterpene synthases ». Thesis, University of Bristol, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251559.
Texte intégralSantos, Paula Ferreira dos. « Novos diterpenos isolados das raízes de Xylopia langsdorffiana St-Hil & ; Tul. (Annonaceae) ». Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2011. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/6696.
Texte intégralCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Xylopia langsdorffiana (Annonaceae), popularly known pimenteira-da-terra, is a tree that can reach 5-7 m of height. Phytochemical studies reported the presence of alkaloids and terpenoids type trachylobane, atisane, labdane and kaurane of the fruits, stem and leaves. In this work we report the isolation and structural elucidation of terpenes isolated from roots of X. langsdorffiana. Chromatographic analysis of the crude ethanolic extract of the roots allowed the isolation of seven diterpenes: ent-7β-acetoxytrachyloban-18-oic acid, reported in the species, ent-trachyloban-18-oic acid, ent-kauran-16β-ol, ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid and ent-kaur-16-en-19-ol, first reported in the species, ent-atisan-7α-acetoxy-16α-ol and entatisan- 7-oxo-16α-ol first reported in the literature, and trivially named Acetato de Xylodiol and Xylopinona. The chemical constituents were identified by date analysis obtained for spectroscopic methods as Infrared, high and low resolution Mass Spectrometry obtained by ESI (HR-ESI-MS), 1H, 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance unidimensional and bidimensional techniques (COSY, NOESY, HMQC e HMBC), and compared with previously reported data. The roots were subjected to essencial oil extraction by hydrodistillation in Clevenger apparatus and characterized in GC-MS, was possible identify 89.9% of the chemical constituents oil. The major constituent is the trans-isolimonene (56.63%) and espathulenol 0.11% that is considered the marker of Xylopia genus. This way, the obtained results contributed with chemotaxonomic knowledge of Annonaceae family, especially Xylopia langsdorffiana.
Xylopia langsdorffiana (Annonaceae) é conhecida popularmente como pimenteira da terra , sendo considerada uma árvore que pode atingir de 5-7 metros de altura. Estudos fitoquímicos relataram a presença de alcalóides, e terpenóides do tipo traquilobano, atisano, labdano e caurano, em frutos, caule e folhas. Neste trabalho reportaremos o isolamento e elucidação estrutural de diterpenos isolados das raízes de X. langsdorffiana. Análises cromatográficas do extrato etanólico bruto das raízes permitiram o isolamento de sete diterpenos: ácido ent-7β- acetoxytraquiloban-18-óico, já relatado na espécie, ácido ent-traquiloban-18-óico, ent-cauran- 16β-ol, ácido ent-caur-16-en-19-óico e ent-caur-16-en-19-ol, relatados pela primeira vez na espécie, ent-atisan-7α-acetoxi-16α-ol e ent-atisan-7-oxo-16α-ol relatado pela primeira vez na literatura, e nomeados trivialmente de Acetato de Xylodiol e Xylopinona. Os constituintes químicos foram identificados através da análise de dados obtidos por métodos espectroscópicos como Infravermelho, Espectrometria de Massas de alta e baixa resolução, obtido por ESI (HR-ESI-MS), Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de 1H, 13C unidimensionais e técnicas bidimensionais (COSY, NOESY, HMQC e HMBC), além de comparação com dados descritos na literatura. As raízes também foram submetidas a extração de óleo essencial por hidrodestilação em aparelho tipo clevenger, e caracterizado em CG-EM, sendo possível identificar 89,39% dos constituintes químicos do óleo, que apresentou como constituinte majoritário o trans-isolimoneno (56,63%), e 0,11 % de espatulenol, considerado marcador para o gênero Xylopia. Desta forma, os resultados obtidos contribuíram para a ampliação do conhecimento químiotaxonômico da família Annonaceae, em especial Xylopia langsdorffiana.
Montenegro, Camila de Albuquerque. « Atividade gastroprotetora de Xylopia langsdorffiana A. St.-Hill & ; Tul. (Annonaceae) em modelos animais ». Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2011. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/6712.
Texte intégralCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Xylopia langsdorffiana A. St.-Hil. & Tul., species belonging to the Annonaceae family, popularly known as "pimenteira da terra" was selected for the study on the basis of the chemotaxonomic criteria, because many chemical compounds with pharmacological activities have been isolated. Among these, the diterpenes are highlighted, considered as important biomarkers of the species from genus Xylopia. The crude ethanol extract (EEtOH) and the hexane phase (FaHex) were obtained from the leaves of this species and were used to evaluate the toxicity, gastroprotective and healing activities in animal models. In acute toxicity test, the single dose of 2000 mg/kg of EEtOH administered p.o. caused signs of hyperactivity and irritability, increase in food consumption and body weight in female mice, while for male mice was observed only increase in water consumption. During the study, no deaths and no macroscopic changes were observed in the organs of the mice. For the evaluation of gastroprotective activity were used the models to induce ulcers by HCl/ethanol, ethanol (in rats), stress (immobilization and cold), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) piroxicam in mice and contention of the gastric juice. In the HCl/ethanol-induced ulcer model the EEtOH-Xl (62,5 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.) reduced the ulcerative lesion index (ULI) in 29, 38, 52 and 60 %, respectively. It was also observed in the ethanol-induced ulcer model that the EEtOH-Xl and FaHex-Xl (62,5 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.) inhibited the ULI in 37, 41, 64, 83 and 23, 51, 81, 84 %, respectively. In the stress-induced ulcer model the EEtOH-Xl and FaHex-Xl (62,5, 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.) decreased the ULI for 47, 50, 52, 48 and 32, 43, 56, 75 %, respectively. Similar results were evidenced in NSAID-induced lesion model, which percentages of protection were 31, 70, 71, 72 % (EEtOH-Xl) and 42, 58, 61 % to FaHex-Xl doses of 125, 250 e 500 mg/kg. In the contention of the gastric juice (pyloric ligation) the EEtOH-Xl (500 mg/kg) and FaHex-Xl (250 mg/kg) showed gastric protection with the administration both orally (p.o.) (54 and 28 %) and intraduodenally (i.d.) (36 and 45%), respectively. In this model, the EEtOH (500 mg/kg) and FaHex (250 mg/kg) in both routes of administration did not alter the parameters of gastric juice (pH, [H+] and gastric volume). In the elucidating the mechanisms of cytoprotective activity of Xylopia langsdorffiana the FaHex-Xl (250 mg/kg) did not increase the production of mucus to the mucosa; the EEtOH-Xl (500 mg/kg) and FaHex-Xl (250 mg/kg) administered orally induced gastroprotection dependent on sulfhydryl groups and nitric oxide. In the acetic acid-induced ulcer model, the treatment with EEtOH-Xl (500 mg/kg, p.o.) and FaHex-Xl (250 mg/kg, p.o.) resulted in 51 and 36% of ulcer healing, respectively. In this model, during the 14 days of treatment, it was observed that the extract increased the water and food intake and the hexane phase reduced the biochemical parameters AST and uric acid. These data indicate that X. langsdorffiana has gastroprotective and healing activity, with partial participation of sulfhydryl groups and nitric oxide and possibly the involvement of growth factors and angiogenesis in the healing process induced by the chemical constituents, particularly diterpenes, present in the vegetal samples tested.
Xylopia langsdorffiana A. St.-Hil. & Tul., espécie pertencente a família Annonaceae, conhecida, popularmente, como ―pimenteira-da-terra‖, foi selecionada para o estudo com base em critérios quimiotaxonômicos, uma vez que muitos compostos químicos detentores de atividades farmacológicas têm sido isolados seja do gênero ou da própria espécie. Dentre esses, destacam-se os diterpenos, considerados biomarcadores das espécies do gênero Xylopia. A partir das folhas dessa espécie foram obtidos o extrato etanólico bruto (EEtOH) e a fase hexânica (FaHex) utilizados na avaliação da toxicidade e das atividades gastroprotetora e cicatrizante, em modelos animais. No ensaio de toxicidade aguda, a dose única de 2000 mg/kg do EEtOH administrada via oral (v.o.), provocou sinais de irritabilidade e hiperatividade, aumento no consumo de ração e peso corpóreo dos camundongos fêmeas, enquanto que para os camundongos machos ocorreu apenas aumento no consumo de água. Não foram registradas mortes e nem alterações macroscópicas nos órgãos dos camundongos. Para a avaliação da atividade gastroprotetora foram utilizados os modelos de indução de úlcera pelos agentes lesivos HCl/etanol, etanol, estresse (imobilização e frio), antiinflamatório não-esteroidal (AINE piroxicam) e por contensão do suco gástrico. No modelo HCl/etanol, o EEtOH-Xl (62,5 125, 250 e 500 mg/kg, v.o.) reduziu o índice de lesão ulcerativa (ILU) em 29, 38, 52 e 60 %, respectivamente. No modelo de etanol, o EEtOH-Xl e a FaHex-Xl (62,5 125, 250 e 500 mg/kg, v.o.) inibiram o ILU em 37, 41, 64, 83 e 23, 51, 81, 84 %, respectivamente. Com relação ao modelo de estresse o EEtOH-Xl e a FaHex-Xl (62,5, 125, 250 e 500 mg/kg, v.o.) diminuíram o ILU em cerca de 47, 50, 52, 48 e 32, 43, 56 e 75 %, respectivamente. Resultado semelhante foi evidenciado para o modelo de AINE, cujas porcentagens de proteção foram 31, 70, 71, 72 % (EEtOH-Xl) e 42, 58, 61 % (FaHex-Xl nas doses de 125, 250 e 500 mg/kg). Nas úlceras induzidas por contensão do suco gástrico (ligadura de piloro) o EEtOH-Xl (500 mg/kg) e a FaHex-Xl (250 mg/kg) induziram proteção gástrica com a administração tanto por via oral (v.o.) (54 e 34 %) quanto por via intraduodenal (i.d.) (36 e 45 %), respectivamente. Ainda nesse modelo, o EEtOH (500 mg/kg) e a FaHex (250 mg/kg) em ambas as vias de administração (v.o e i.d.) não alteraram os parâmetros do suco gástrico (pH, [H+] e volume gástrico). Na elucidação dos mecanismos de ação da atividade citoprotetora de Xylopia langsdorffiana, a FaHex-Xl (250 mg/kg) não aumentou a produção de muco aderido à mucosa; o EEtOH-Xl (500 mg/kg) e a FaHex-Xl (250 mg/kg) administrados oralmente, induziram gastroproteção dependente dos grupamentos sulfidrilas e da via do óxido nítrico. Já no modelo de úlcera induzida por ácido acético, os tratamentos com o EEtOH-Xl (500 mg/kg, v.o.) e a FaHex-Xl (250 mg/kg, v.o.) resultaram em 51 e 36 % de cicatrização das úlceras, respectivamente. Neste modelo, durante os 14 dias de tratamento, o EEtOH-Xl promoveu aumento na ingesta de água e ração enquanto que a FaHex-Xl reduziu os parâmetros bioquímicos AST e ácido úrico. Estes dados indicam que X. langsdorffiana possui atividade gastroprotetora e cicatrizante, com a participação parcial dos grupamentos sulfidrilas e da via do óxido nítrico, e, possivelmente, há o envolvimento de fatores de crescimento e angiogênese no processo de cicatrização induzido pelos seus constituintes químicos, em especial os diterpenos.
Santos, Camila Carolina de Menezes Patrício. « Atividade antinociceptiva e antioxidante do fitol em modelos in vivo e in vitro ». Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2011. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/6714.
Texte intégralCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This study was conducted in order to draw a profile of pharmacological activity of phytol, a alcohol diterpene. The study was conducted in three steps: (1) evaluation of acute toxicity, (2) evaluation the activity of phytol on the CNS, focusing on the analgesic activity, and (3) evaluation of antioxidant activity. In the first two stages, the study was conducted in vivo and in third, the study was in vitro. The results were expressed as mean ± standard error of mean (S.E.M.), were considered significant when p <0.05. In the first step, the phytol showed low toxicity, causing no changes in biochemical and hematological parameters of the animals, have been determined the LD50 in 1153.39 (944.56 1.408.40) mg/kg. In the following tests, the phytol was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) at doses of 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg. The phytol showed profile of depressant drugs CNS, without compromising the motor coordination of animals. The antinociceptive activity of phytol was investigated by chemical models (test of abdominal contortions induced by acetic acid and formalin test) and thermal (hot plate test) of nociception in mice. In all tests, the phytol showed a highly significant antinociceptive effect at both the central and peripheral. However, the effect of phytol was not reversed by the antagonists naloxona (opioid system) and glibenclamida (K +ATP channels), demonstrating that at least directly, the phytol does not act by these mechanisms. In the antioxidant activity in vitro of phytol through three methodologies, one for evaluating the effect of phytol on lipid peroxidation in the TBARS test, and other two to investigate if the phytol acted as substance scavenging of free radicals to hydroxyl radical (OH) and nitric oxide (NO). In all tests, the phytol showed strong antioxidant activity, which can be attributed to their structural feature, since phytol is a unsaturated alcohol of branched-chain, and antioxidant properties may be related to the hydroxyl group (OH) present in its molecule. Probably the phytol, by reacting with a free radical, donates hydrogen atoms with an unpaired electron (H.), converting free radicals into less reactive species. Since several evidences show the involvement of these reactive species inthe mechanism of pain, the antioxidant activity of phytol may be contributing to its antinociceptive effect.
O presente estudo foi desenvolvido com a finalidade de traçar um perfil da atividade farmacológica do fitol, um diterpeno álcool. O estudo foi realizado em três etapas: (1) avaliação da toxicidade aguda, (2) avaliação da atividade do fitol sobre o SNC, com enfoque na atividade analgésica, e (3) avaliação da atividade antioxidante. Nas duas primeiras etapas, o estudo foi realizado in vivo e na terceira, o estudo foi in vitro. Os resultados foram expressos em média ± erro padrão da média (E.P.M.), sendo considerados significativos quando apresentaram p < 0,05. Na primeira etapa, o fitol apresentou baixa toxicidade, sem causar alterações nos parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos dos animais, apresentando uma DL50 de 1.153,39 (944,56 1.408,40) mg/kg. Nos testes seguintes, o fitol foi administrado intraperitonealmente (i.p.) nas doses de 25, 50, 100 e 200 mg/kg.O fitol apresentou perfil de droga depressora do SNC, sem comprometer a coordenação motora dos animais. A atividade antinociceptiva do fitol foi investigada através de modelos químicos (teste das contorções abdominais induzidas pelo ácido acético e o teste da formalina) e térmico (teste da placa quente) de nocicepção em camundongos. Em todos os testes, o fitol apresentou um efeito antinociceptivo significativo, tanto em nível central como periférico. Contudo, o efeito antinociceptivo do fitol não foi revertido pelos antagonistas naloxona (via opióide) e glibenclamida (canais de K+ATP), indicando que o fitol não atua por esses mecanismos, pelo menos diretamente. Na avaliação da atividade antioxidante in vitro do fitol, foram empregadas três metodologias, sendo uma para avaliar o efeito do fitol sobre a peroxidação lipídica, no teste de TBARS, e as outras duas para investigar se agia como substância seqüestradora de radicais livres, para o radical hidroxila (OH) e o óxido nítrico (NO). Em todos os testes, o fitol demonstrou forte atividade antioxidante, a qual pode ser atribuída a sua característica estrutural, uma vez que o fitol é um álcool insaturado de cadeia ramificada, e a propriedade antioxidante pode estar relacionada com o grupo hidroxila (OH) presente na sua molécula. Provavelmente, o fitol, ao reagir com um radical livre, doa átomos de hidrogênio com um elétron desemparelhado (H.),convertendo os radicais livres em espécies menos reativas. Como várias evidências mostram a participação destas espécies reativas no mecanismo da dor, a atividade antioxidante do fitol pode estar contribuindo com o seu efeito antinociceptivo.
Brickwood, Angela Charlotte. « Synthetic approaches towards phorbol diterpenes ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364216.
Texte intégralPires, Andreza Maria Lima. « Estudo FitoquÃmico de Abarema cochliacarpos (Gomes) Barneby & ; J. W. Grimes e Calliandra depauperata Benth ». Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2011. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6406.
Texte intégralEste trabalho descreve a investigaÃÃo quÃmica de plantas dos gÃneros Abarema e Calliandra, ambas pertencentes à famÃlia Leguminosae. A prospecÃÃo quÃmica de Abarema cochliacarpos culminou no isolamento de 11 substÃncias, enquanto de Calliandra depauperata foram isolados 10 compostos. Dos extratos etanÃlicos das diversas partes de A. cochliacarpos (madeira do caule, casca do caule e folhas) foram isolados e caracterizados os esterÃides: espinasterol, 3-O-β-D-glicopiranosil-espinasterol e 3-O-β-D-(6â-O-dodecanoil)-glicopiranosil-espinasterol; a mistura dos triterpenos Ãcido oleanÃico e Ãcido ursÃlico; os flavonÃides catequina, taxifolina, miricetrina e 3â,4â,7,8-tetrahidroxiflavonol, alem do Ãcido gÃlico e galato de etila. O composto 3-O-β-D-(6â-O-dodecanoil)-glicopiranosil-espinasterol esta sendo registrado pela primeira vez. Do extrato etanÃlico das raÃzes de C. depauperata isolou-se os flavonÃides 5-metoxi-3â,4â,7-trihidroxiflavona; 3â,4â,7-trihidroxiflavona e 4â,6â,7-trimetoxi-3â-hidroxiflavona; os diterpenos de esqueletos cassano 7β,17-dihidroxi-12-oxo-cassan-13,15-dieno; 15,16-bisnor-7β,17-dihidroxi-12-oxo-cassan-13-eno e depauperatina, alem dos Ãsteres graxos: tetracosanodioato de bis-(2,3-dihidroxipropila); docosanodioato de bis-(2,3-dihidroxipropila); 24-hidroxi-tetracosanoato de 2,3-dihidroxipropila e 26-hidroxi-hexacosanoato de 2,3-dihidroxipropila. Os compostos 4â,6â,7-trimetoxi-3â-hidroxiflavona; 15,16-bisnor-7β,17-dihidroxi-12-oxo-cassan-13-eno e depauperatina, assim como todos os Ãsteres graxos estÃo sendo registrados na literatura pela primeira vez. A determinaÃÃo estrutural dos metabÃlitos secundÃrios isolados envolveu o uso de tÃcnicas espectromÃtricas como IV, EM e RMN 1H e 13C, incluindo tÃcnicas bidimensionais como COSY, HMQC, HMBC e NOESY, bem como comparaÃÃo com dados descritos na literatura.
This work describes the chemical investigation of plants from the genera Abarema and Calliandra both belonging to Leguminosae family. The chemical prospection of Abarema cochliacarpos resulted in the isolation of 11 substances while from Calliandra depauperata was isolated 10 compounds. From EtOH extracts of different parts of A. cochliacarpos (wood, wood bark and leaves) were isolated and characterizated of steroids: spinasterol, 3-O-β-D-glucopiranosyl-spinasterol and 3-O-β-D-(6â-O-dodecanoil)-glucopiranosyl-spinasterol), the mixture triterpenes oleanolic and ursolic acids; the flavonoids catechin, taxifolin, miricetrin and 3â,4â,7,8-tetrahydroxyflavonol, besides of galic acid and ethyl galate. Compound 3-O-β-D-(6â-O-dodecanoil)-glucopiranosyl-spinasterol) was isolated for the firs time. From roots EtOH extract of C. depauperata were isolated the flavonoids 5-methoxy-3â,4â,7-trihydroxyflavone; 3â,4â,7-trihydroxyflavone and 4â,6â,7-trimethoxy-3â-hydroxyflavone; the cassane diterpenes: 7β,17-dihydroxy-12-oxo-cassan-13,15-diene, 15,16-bisnor-7β,17-dihydroxy-12-oxo-cassan-13-ene and depauperatin, besides the fatty esters bis-(2,3-dihydroxypropil) tetracosanodioate, bis-(2,3-dihydroxypropil) docosanodioate, 24-hydroxy-tetracosanoate-2,3-dihydroxypropil and 26-hydroxy-hexacosanoate-2,3-dihydroxypropil. Compounds 4â,6â,7-trimethoxy-3â-hydroxyflavone; 15,16-bisnor-7β,17-dihydroxy-12-oxo-cassan-13-ene and depauperatin, and all fatty esters are being reported for the first time. The structural determination of all secondary metabolites isolated in this work involved spectrometric techniques such as: IR, MS and NMR including 2D (COSY, HMQC, HMBC e NOESY) experiments, as well as, comparison with published data
Duarte, Marcelo Cavalcante. « Novos diterpenos dos frutos de Xylopia langsdorffiana ». Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2009. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/6768.
Texte intégralCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Xylopia langsdorffiana (Annonaceae) is popularly known as pimenteira da terra in the Northeast region of Brazil. Previous studies have reported the presence of alkaloids and diterpenes isolated from the leaves and/or stem of X. langsdorffiana. This work aimed to continue the phytochemical study of this species, using its dry and fresh fruits. Initially, the dry and powdered fruits were submitted to maceration with methanol (95%) and the extractive solution obtained was concentrated in rotatory evaporator yielding 200g of extract. A portion (150g) of the latter was partitioned with hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate. The isolated chemical constituents were identified through the analysis of data obtained by spectroscopic methods such as Infrared and one-dimensional 1H, 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance with two-dimensional techniques (COSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC), besides comparison with literature data. Seven diterpenes were isolated from the hexane and dichloromethane phases of the fruits of X. langsdorffiana, being four of them known in the literature ent-atisan-7α, 16α-diol (xylodiol), ent-7α-hydroxytrachyloban-18-oic acid, 13-epicupressic acid, ent-kaur-16-en-3β, 19 diol, and 3 new diterpenes ent-3β- hydroxy-labda(8)17,12Z-, 14-trien-18-oic acid, (Labdorffianic A Acid), ent-Labda 8(17)epoxy, 14 en-18-oic Acid (Labdorfianic B Acid) and ent-Labda 8(17) epoxy, 13(16), 14-Dien-18-oic acid (Labdorfianic C Acid). Since some species of Annonaceae are known to possess significant amounts of essential oils, we decided to analyze the fresh fruits of X. langsdorffia in order to obtain and analyze its essential oil. Therefore, its fresh fruits were extracted by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus and characterized with GC-MS, showing a constitution of monoterpenes (66.6%), sesquiterpenes (33.3%) and diterpenes (11.11%), being the α-pinene(37.73%) and limonene (31.42%) the major constituents. Spathulenol (1.59%) which is considered the marker for Xylopia was also detected. Thus, the results obtained in this work contributed to broaden the chemical knowledge of species of Annonaceae, especially Xylopia langsdorffiana.
Xylopia langsdorffiana St.Hil & Tul. (Annonaceae) é conhecida popularmente na região Nordeste como pimenteira da terra . Estudos prévios relataram a presença de alcalóides e diterpenos isolados das folhas e/ou caule de X. langasdorffiana. Este trabalho teve como objetivo dar continuidade ao estudo fitoquímico dessa espécie, utilizando-se seus frutos secos e frescos. Inicilamente os frutos secos e pulverizados foram submetidas à maceração com metanol e a solução extrativa obtida foi concentrada em rotaevaporador obtendo-se 200g de extrato. Uma parte (150g) deste extrato foi particionada com hexano, diclorometano e acetato de etila. Os constituintes químicos foram identificados através da análise de dados obtidos por métodos espectroscópicos como Infravermelho e Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de 1H, 13C unidimensionais e técnicas bidimensionais (COSY, NOESY, HMQC e HMBC), além de comparação com dados descritos na literatura. A partir das fases hexânica e diclorometano dos frutos de X. langsdorffiana foram isolados sete diterpenos, sendo 4 conhecidos na literatura entatisan- 7α,16α-diol (xylodiol), Ácido ent-7α-hidroxitrachyloban-18-óico, Ácido 13- epicupréssico, ent-kaur-16-en-3β, 19 diol e 3 novos diterpenos Ácido ent-3β-hidroxilabda( 8)17,12Z-,14-Dien-18-óico, (ácido labdorffianico A). Ácido ent-labda 8(17)epóxi,14-en-18-óico (ácido labdorffianico B) e Ácido ent-labda 8(17)epóxi- 13,14-dien-18-óico (ácido labdorffianico C). Como várias espécies de Annonaceae são conhecidas por apresentarem quantidade significativa de óleos essenciais,decidiu-se analisar os frutos frescos de X. langsdorffia para obtenção e análise do seu óleo essencial. Para tanto, seus frutos frescos foram extraídos por hidrodestilação em aparelho de Clevenger e caracterizado com CG-EM, apresentando uma constituição de (66,6 %) de monoterpenos, (33,3 %) de sesquiterpenos e (11,11 %) de diterpeno, sendo o α-pineno (37,73%) e limoneno (31,42%) os constituintes majoritários e o espatulenol (1,59%) foi detectado que é considerado marcador para o gênero Xylopia. Dessa forma, os resultados obtidos neste trabalho contribuíram para ampliação do conhecimento químico de espécies de Annonaceae, em especial de Xylopia langsdorffiana.
Brito, Maria Vieira de. « Preparation and activity evaluation of cytotoxic diterpene annonalida derivatives ». Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2016. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=16842.
Texte intégralAnnonalida, diterpeno primarano isolado das raÃzes de Humirianthera ampla, foi utilizada como molÃcula protÃtipo no preparo de sete derivados por modificaÃÃes quÃmicas. As modificaÃÃes na annonalida envolveram reaÃÃes de substituiÃÃes nucleofÃlicas na hidroxila primÃria ligada ao C-16, transformaÃÃo da carbonÃla (C-15) em oxima, oxidaÃÃo de Baeyer-Villiger e reduÃÃo com borohidreto de sÃdio. Dentre os derivados formados, apenas o acrenol, um dos dois produtos de reduÃÃo com borohidreto de sÃdio, nÃo à inÃdito na literatura. A annonalida e seus derivados semi-sintÃticos foram testados em ensaios de atividade citotÃxica contra as linhagens de cÃlulas tumorais HCT-116 (cÃlon - humano), SF295 (Glioblastoma), HL60 (LeucÃmia promielocÃtica), PC3 (Carcinoma de prÃstata) e HEPG2 (Hepatocarcinoma). Todos os compostos apresentaram IC50 <5 μg/mL em quatro das cinco linhagens testadas. Os melhores resultados foram para os derivados contendo o grupamento oxima em C-15 (ANN-OXIM) e um bromo em C-16 (ANN-BROM) contra a linhagem HL60.
Annonalide, a pimarane diterpene isolated from roots of Humirianthera ampla, was used as a prototype molecule in the preparation of seven derivatives by chemical modifications. Structure modifications at annonalide involved the nucleophilic substitution reactions at the primary hydroxyl attached to C-16, conversion of the carbonyl (C-15) into an oxime, Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, and reduction with sodium borohydride.Among the derivative compounds, only acrenol, one of the compounds obtained by reduction of annonalide with sodium borohydride, is not new in the literature. Anonnalide and its derivatives were assayed against the cytotoxic cell lines HCT-116 (colon-human), SF295 (glioblastome), HL60 (leucemi), PC3 (prostate) e HEPG2 (hepatocarcinome). All compounds showed IC50 <5 μg/mL against four of the five tested lines. The best results were obtained for the compounds containing the oxyme group at C-15 (ANN-OXIM) and a bromide atom at C-16 (ANN-BROM), both against HL60 cell line.
Fernandes, Eduardo Felipe Alves. « Estudo do metabolismo in vitro do diterpeno ácido caurenoico ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60138/tde-21062013-154933/.
Texte intégralIn spite of the widespread and historical use of products of the Brazilian biodiversity for medical purposes, little is known about the fate of these products after their absorption into the organism; which are the products of metabolism, their toxicity and elimination kinetics. In this master thesis the in vitro metabolism of the diterpene kaurenoic acid was studied. This terpene is widely spread in the plant kingdom. Its presence can especially be highlighted in two of the most consumed phytotherapeutics by the brazilian population: the copaíba oil (Copaifera ssp.) and the guaco syrup (Mikania glomerata and Mikania leavigata. Among the principal metabolic reactions in humans, the oxidation reactions catalyzed by cytochrome P450 (CYP450) have a key role in the detoxification of xenobiotics. The objective of this thesis was the study of in vitro biomimetic models of the reactions carried out by CYP450 using metalloporphyrins and salen catalysts as analogs of the CYP450. Seven catalysts were applied in a homogeneous medium: 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin iron and manganese III chloride (FeTFPP) and (MnTFPP), 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2,6-dichlorophenyl)porphyrin iron and manganese III chloride (FeTDCPP) and (MnTDCPP), (R,R)-(-)N,N-bis(3,5-di-tertbutylsalicylidene)- 1,2-diaminocyclohexyl manganese III (R-Salen) chloride, (S,S)-(-)N,Nbis( 3,5-di-terc- butylsalicylidene)-1,2-diaminocyclohexyl manganese III (S-Salen) chloride and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(phenyl)porphyrin iron III chloride (FeTPP). As oxygen donors iodosylbenzene (PhIO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) and metachlorperoxybenzoic acid (MCPBA) have been tested. In the majority of the systems the formation of three predominant oxidation products was observed: An epoxidated, a mono- and a dihydroxylated derivative, of which the chemical structure was proposed based on the analysis of the mass spectrometric fragmentation pattern. It was observed that the nature of the oxidant influences more markedly the reactivity as well as the formation of the products. The catalysts FeTFPP and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis- (4-N-methyl pyridine)porphyrin iron III chloride (FeTMPyP) immobilized with inorganic supports were assessed as well. Using these immobilized catalysts, a higher proportion of oxidation products of the kaurenoic acid was observed. Finally, the oxidation of kaurenoic acid was assessed using rat microsomes. In this system only one product was produced that showed a similar mass spectrum and retention time as the dihydroxylated derivative obtained in the reactions using metalloporphyrins.This thesis showed evidences of the route of metabolization of an important natural product, and additionally reinforces the capacity of metalloporphyrins in attaining biomimetic catalysis.
Kinsella, Mary A. « Studies toward the total synthesis of a kempane diterpene / ». The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487267024996658.
Texte intégralSilva, Francisca Karen Souza da. « contribution to the phytochemical study of the genus Croton : C. rhamnifolius ». Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8074.
Texte intégralCroton rhamnifolius (MÃll. Arg.) à uma espÃcie comum do sertÃo nordestino, principalmente nos estados de Pernambuco e CearÃ. O espÃcime foi coletado na cidade de Salgueiro â PE onde à popularmente conhecido por âquebra-facaâ, cujas as folhas sÃo empregadas para o tratamento de mal-estar gÃstrico, febre e Ãnsia de vÃmitos. Este trabalho apresenta uma abordagem fitoquÃmica, visando o isolamento e caracterizaÃÃo estrutural dos constituintes quÃmicos de C. rhamnifolius. A investigaÃÃo quÃmica foi realizada com os extratos hexÃnico e etanÃlico do c aule, e extrato etanÃlico da raiz. Os extratos foram submetidos a partiÃÃes lÃquido-lÃquido, cromatografias convencionais (adsorÃÃo-gel de sÃlica e exclusÃo - gel de dextrana) e atuais (HPLC - fase normal e reversa), resultando no isolamento e identificaÃÃo de dez terpenos, um alcaloide, um flavonoide e uma cumarina. Dentre as substÃncias isoladas, temos dois diterpenos de esqueleto clerodÃnico: Ãcido hardwickico e o Ãcido cleroda-3,13-dien-16,15-olido-18-Ãico; alÃm do diterpeno de esqueleto beierano: beiereno-3,12-diol; atiseno: 13 -hidroxi-atisen-3-ona; caurano: caur-16-eno; labdano rearranjado: rhamnifa, do sesquiterpeno: senecrassidiol; trÃs triterpenos pentacÃclicos: Ãcido acetil aleuritÃlico (AAA), lupeol e lupenona; o alcaloide de esqueleto quinolÃnico quinorhamina, um flavonoide 3', 4â, 5-trihidroxi-,7-dimetÃxiflavona; e uma cumarina escopoletina. O alcaloide indÃlico, rhamnifolina, obtido durante a dissertaÃÃo de mestrado e o diterpeno 13-hidroxi-atisen-3-ona foram avaliados quanto Ãs suas atividades citotÃxicas, tripanocida e leishmanicida, e os resultados obtidos evidenciaram uma excelente atividade do primeiro composto nos trÃs testes farmacolÃgicos. Para o segundo, foram obtidos resultados positivos contra Leishmania amazonensis. As substÃncias quÃmicas isoladas tiveram suas estruturas elucidadas por mÃtodos fÃsicos (ponto de fusÃo e rotaÃÃo Ãptica) e espectroscÃpicos (Espectroscopia na regiÃo do Inf ravermelho, Espectrometria de Massas e Espectroscopia de RessonÃncia MagnÃtica Nuclear de 1H e 13C, incluindo tÃcnicas uni e bidimensionais), alÃm de comparaÃÃo com dados da literatura.
Croton rhamnifolius (MÃll. Arg.) is a very common shrub of the interior northeastern region of Brazil, particularly in the states of Pernambuco and CearÃ. A specimen was harvested at Salgueiro County â Pernambuco where it is known as âquebra-facaâ (Pat. lit. = knife breaker) and is used to treat gastric problems. This work reports the phytochemical approach to isolate and characterize its chemical constituints. The chemical investigation was perfomed with hexane and ethanol extracts of the think, and the ethanol extract for the roots. Liquid-liquid partitioning, conventional (si-gel adsorption and dextran gel exclusion) and modern chromatography normal and revers phase (HPLC) lead to the isolation and characterization of ten terpenoids, an alkaloid, a flavonoid, and coumarin. Of the isolation compounds two were of the clerodane type hardwickic acid and cleroda-3,13-dien-16,15-olide-1 8-Ãico acid; a beyerene: beier-15-eno-3,12-diol; a atisane: 13-hydroxy-atisen-3-one; a kaurene: kaure-16-ene; a labdane: rhamnife; diterpene senecrassidiol; three were pentacyclic triterpenes: lupeol, lupenone and aleuritolic acid; an alkaloid quinoline: quinorhamine; a flavonoid 3', 4â, 5-trihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxy-flavone; and coumarin: scopoletin. The indole alkaloid rhamnifoline, previously isolated and the diterpene 13-hydroxy-atisen-3-one were evaluated concerning to their cytotoxic, tripanocidal and leishmanicidal activities. Just the alkaloid showed positive results for all assays. The diterpene showed activity just on the leishmania test. The structure of all isolated compounds were determined through physical methods (melting points and optical rotati on) and spectroscopic means (IR, MS and NMR) including two dimensional techniques and comparision to the literature.
Helmboldt, Hannes. « Studien zur Synthese von Jatrophan-Diterpenen ». Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1149002173288-83354.
Texte intégralThe enantioselective synthesis of a highly substituted cyclopentan, useful for the synthesis of diterpenes from Euphorbiaceae is described. Key step is a intramolecular carbonyl-en reaction. Two different approaches towards Jatrophanes were examined. The first one envisioning a Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi coupling didn´t work. The second one employed a ring-closing-metathesis which was successful in the case of a disubstituted double bond formed. The use of an relay-ring-closing-metathesis was also examined. The enantioselective synthesis of a nonnatural 17-Norjatrophane is described in all details
Schnabel, Christoph [Verfasser]. « Synthese von Jatrophan-Diterpenen / Christoph Schnabel ». Dortmund : Universitätsbibliothek Technische Universität Dortmund, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1013319486/34.
Texte intégralHewitt, Natalie L. « Synthetic approaches to the cladiellin diterpenes ». Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/74997/.
Texte intégralWisch, Gregory Albert. « Synthetic approaches to marine labdane diterpenes ». Thesis, Rhodes University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003131.
Texte intégralKMBT_363
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Nuñez, Cecilia Verónica. « Terpenos de Wunderlichia crulsiana e Mikania sp. nov ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46135/tde-30032009-153225/.
Texte intégralThis work describes the chemical study of two plants which belong to the family Asteraceae: Mikania sp. nov. and Wunderlichia crulsiana. The dichlorometane extracts from leaves and stems of Mikania sp. nov. we studied and seven diterpenic acids were isolated and identified. The volatile oil from leaves and stems of this plant were also studied and twenty substances among monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were identified. From Wunderlichia crulsiana we analysed the dichlorometane extracts from flowers and stems. From flowers we isolated and identified triterpenes esterified with palmitic acid and acetic acid. From stems we isolated and identified triterpenes esterified with acetic acid and 3-oxo-triterpenes. By GC, we identified hydroxylated triterpenes that were acetylated, and triterpenes esterified with palmitic acid that were hydrolysed and acetylated. From stems we also isolated and identified three sesquiterpene lactones and a sesquiterpene. The compounds were identified by PMR, CMR (BBD and DEIT 135º), GC/MS and co-injection with authentic samples The extracts of both plants showed low activity when submitted to bioassay with Cladosporium sphaerospermum. The fractions which contain the hydroxylated triterpenes, triterpenes esterified with acetic and palmitic acids and sesquiterpene lactones were submitted to anti-inflammatory bioassay and showed 42%, 29%, 29% and 47% of activity, respectively. The above mentioned extracts and the fractions did not show significant activity on the Saccharomyces cerevisae bioassay, so there were not citotoxic substances in them.
Passareli, Fernando [UNESP]. « Preparação e caracterização de casearinas de Casearia sylvestris como padrão fitoquímico ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97893.
Texte intégralCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Tendo em vista o pequeno acervo de padrões de referência disponíveis para uso no controle de qualidade de fitoterápicos preparados a partir de espécies nativas brasileiras, este trabalho tem como objetivos preparar e caracterizar padrões de alta pureza de casearinas a partir de Casearia sylvestris, uma planta nativa da flora brasileira, que há muito tempo vem sendo usada pela população. A estratégia utilizada para o isolamento das casearinas consistiu no fracionamento do extrato etanólico das folhas por extração em fase sólida utilizando sílica e carvão ativo, cromatografia em coluna em fase normal, além de desenvolvimento de método em CLAE preparativo em fase reversa no modo isocrático e reciclante. Para as análises por CLAE preparativo no modo isocrático, inicialmente, alguns parâmetros como resolução, carga e volume de injeção foram otimizados em coluna analítica e posteriormente foi feita a transferência de escala para coluna preparativa utilizando fator de escalonamento de 21,2. A transferência foi adequada, resultando no isolamento de 10,5 mg da casearina J, 30,0 mg da casearina X e 3,0 mg da casearina Z. Em modo reciclante, foram isolados 60,0 mg da caseargrewiina F. As análises de pureza dessas substâncias foram feitas através de CLAE- DAD, calculando-se primeiramente a pureza de pico, que foi de 100% para as três casearinas analisadas e, posteriormente, a pureza cromatográfica, pelo método de normalização de área, sendo de 85,5, 97,2, e 98,6% para as casearinas J, X e caseargrewiina F, respectivamente. As análises por CLAE-DAD-EM foram importantes para confirmar o resultado de pureza de pico, assim como para obter os dados de massas dos contaminantes presentes nessas amostras. O grau de pureza por DSC não pôde ser obtido, devido à ausência do pico referente à fusão das casearinas, inferindo que as substâncias...
Taking into account the few library of reference standards available for the use in quality control of phytotherapic agents from Brazilian native species, the aim of this work was to prepare and characterize high purity standards of casearins from Casearia sylvestris, a native plant of the Brazilian flora that has been used traditionally by population for a long time as remedy. The strategy to isolate the casearins was to fraction at the ethanolic extract from leaves by solid phase extraction using silica and active charcoal, column chromatography (normal phase) and, additionally, the method development in preparative HPLC (reverse phase) using isocratic e recycling mode. For the analyses by preparative HPLC using isocratic mode, firstly of all some parameters like resolution, amount of sample and volume injection were optimized in analytical column and then the scale-up to preparative column was carried out using a scale factor of 21.2. The scale-up was appropriate, leading to the isolation of 10.5 mg of the casearin J, 30.0 mg of the casearin X and 3.0 mg of the casearin Z. In recycling mode, 60.0 mg of the caseargrewiin F were isolated. The purity analyses of these substances were carried out by HPLC-DAD, firstly measuring the peak purity, wich was 100.0% for the three analyzed casearins, and then, the chromatographic purity, by the area normalization method, wich was 85.5, 97.2 and 98.6% for the casearins J, X and caseargrewiin F, respectively. The HPLC-DAD-MS analyses were important to confirm the peak purity results as well as to obtain the mass data of contaminants wich are usually present in these samples. The measurement of the purity degree by DSC method was not possible due to the absence of fusion peak, thus it suggests an amorphous state for these substances. From the TG/DTG/DTA curves, it was possible to suggest the absence of volatile... ((Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Silva, Marcos Túlio da. « Caracterização físico-química dos óleos-resinas de copaifera multijuga hayne e avaliação da variabilidade química de sua fração volátil ». Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/5731.
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The genus Copaifera it belongs to the family Fabaceae, this genus it has 72 species distributed in tropical regions of America and West Africa. In Brazil there are 16 endemic species, highlighting: Copaifera officinalis L., Copaifera reticulata Ducke, Copaifera multijuga Hayne, Copaifera confertiflora Benth., Copaifera langsdorffi Desf., Copaifera coriacea Mart. and Copaifera cearensis Huber ex Ducke, as the most studied. Of The trunk of Copaiferas extracted an oil-resin which is attributed anti-inflammatory actions, antimicrobial, healing ulcers and wounds in general. In the chemical composition of copaiba oil-resin stand out a volatile fraction mainly composed of sesquiterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenates a resinous fraction consisting of diterpene acids. The lack of effective parameters to characterize and therefore realize the quality control, linked to the intrinsic chemical variability of oil-resin undertake the commercialization of this raw material for pharmaceutical industry. Among the most studied species, the Copaifera multijuga Hayne, known as copaíba, mari mari, purple copaíba, is used for its anti-inflammatory properties and was the subject of this study this work. This study aimed to characterize oils-resins of C. multijuga through physical and chemical methods, aiming at quality control parameters. The Chapter 1 presents the chemical variability of the essential oil obtained from 11 specimens of oil-resin of C.multijuga collected in Santarém / Pará, analyzed by GC-MS; analysis of physical parameters (density, refractive index and viscosity) and chemical (identification and quantification of β-caryophyllene marker HPLC) in the oils-resins samples, essential oil analysis from oil-resin as well as the isolation and identification of diterpenes in a sample oil-resin of C. multijuga. The density and the refractive index remained constant while the viscosity ranged between specimens. The β-caryophyllene content identified and quantified by HPLC ranged from 22.4 to 75.1%. In the essential oil, the major compounds were β-caryophyllene, the α-humuleno and multivariate statistical analyzes grouped the 11 specimens in two clusters in relation to compounds, δ-elemene, α-copaene, β-caryophyllene, α-humuleno, trans-cadina-1(6),4-diene and trans-4-muurola(14),5-diene. Statistical analysis realized out showed a high chemical variability between individuals of the same species of C. multijuga even the samples have been collected close to each other and in the same period of year. The diterpenes isolates of oil-resin of C. multijuga were the copalic acid, 3-hydroxy-copalic, 3-acetoxy-copalic and ent-agático.
O gênero Copaifera pertence à família Fabaceae e possui 72 espécies distribuídas em regiões de clima tropical da América e África Ocidental. No Brasil existem 16 espécies endêmicas, destacando-se pela maior ocorrência: Copaifera officinalis L., Copaifera reticulata Ducke, Copaifera multijuga Hayne, Copaifera confertiflora Benth., Copaifera langsdorffi Desf., Copaifera coriacea Mart. e Copaifera cearensis Huber ex Ducke. Do tronco das Copaiferas se extrai um óleo-resina a qual se atribuí ações anti-inflamatória, antimicrobiana, cicatrizante de úlceras e feridas em geral. Na composição química do óleo-resina de copaíba destacam-se uma fração volátil composta principalmente por hidrocarbonetos sesquiterpênicos e sesquiterpenos oxigenados e uma fração resinosa composta por diterpenos ácidos. A carência de parâmetros eficazes para caracterizar e, por conseguinte realizar o controle de qualidade, atrelado à variabilidade química intrínseca do óleo-resina comprometem a comercialização dessa matéria-prima para indústria farmacêutica. Dentre as espécies mais estudadas, a Copaifera multijuga Hayne, conhecida como copaíba, mari mari, copaíba roxa, é utilizada pelas suas propriedades anti-inflamatórias e foi objeto desse estudo. Este trabalho teve como objetivos caracaterizar óleos-resinas de C. multijuga por métodos físicos e químicos, visando parâmetros que possam ser utilizados no controle de qualidade. O capítulo 1 apresenta as variabilidade química do óleo essencial obtido do óleo-resina de 11 espécimes de C. multijuga coletados em Santarém/Pará, analisados por CG-EM; a análise de parâmetros físicos (densidade, índice de refração e viscosidade) e químicos (identificação e quantificação do marcador β-cariofileno por CLAE) bem como análise do óleo essencial, o isolamento e identificação de diterpenos de uma amostra de óleo-resina de C. multijuga. A densidade e o índice de refração se mantiveram constantes enquanto que a viscosidade variou entre os espécimes. O teor de β-cariofileno identificado e quantificado por CLAE variou de 22,4 a 75,1%. No óleo essencial, os compostos majoritários foram o β-cariofileno, o α-humuleno e as análises estatísticas multivariadas agruparam os 11 espécimes em dois clusters em relação aos compostos δ-elemeno, α-copaeno, β-cariofileno, α-humuleno, trans-cadina-1(6),4-dieno, trans-muurola-4(14),5-dieno. As análises estatísticas realizadas mostraram uma alta variabilidade química entre indivíduos da mesma espécie de C. multijuga, mesmo as amostras tendo sido coletadas próximas uma das outras e na mesma época do ano. Os diterpenos isolados do óleo-resina de C. multiuga foram o ácido copálico, 3-hidróxi-copálico, o 3-acetóxi-copálico e o ent-agático.
Fronza, Marcio [Verfasser], et Irmgard [Akademischer Betreuer] Merfort. « Phytochemical investigation of the roots of Peltodon longipes and in vitro cytotoxic studies of abietane diterpenes = Phytochemische Untersuchungen der Wurzeln von Peltodon longipes und in vitro Zytotoxizitätstests von Diterpenen vom Abietan-Typ ». Freiburg : Universität, 2011. http://d-nb.info/112346023X/34.
Texte intégralSproll, Susanne. « Norditerpen- und Diterpen-Alkaloide aus mongolischen Aconitum- und Delphinium-Spezies ». Diss., [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/archive/00001894.
Texte intégralLeandro, Lidiam Maia. « Estudo fitoquímico e atividades biológicas de Eperua duckeana e Eperua glabriflora (Fabaceae) ». Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2011. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/handle/4434.
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CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Eperua is a genus of the Fabaceae-Caesalpinioideae, endemic to the Central Amazon. The oilresin of E. oleifera, E. purpurea e E. falcata is used in folk medicine in order analogous to “copaiba”, as a healing agent antifungal and bactericide. In general, two class substances have been isolated from this species: terpenes and flavonoids. Despite the species E. glabriflora and E. duckeana are common in the Amazon, have never been studied chemically and pharmacologically. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition of extracts of bark of trunk and leaves and to determine the antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal and cytotoxic activity against tumor cells, and analyzing the chemical composition of essential oils from leaves and stems of these species. The plant material was collected in Ducke Reserve near Manaus and the bark and leaves were dried at room temperature and later crushed. The extracts were prepared by maceration with solvent in order of increasing polarity (hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol) were obtained twelve crude extracts. The non-polar extracts of bark of trunk were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and flame ionization detector (GC-FID). It was identified fourteen substances among them: six fatty acids (hexadecanoic acid, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, 9- octadecenoic acid, octadecanoic acid, tetracosanoic acid and hexacosanoic acid); four diterpene acids (cativic acid, 3-hydroxylabd-7,13-dien-15-oic acid, 3-cleroden-15-oic acid and one isomer); one hydrocarbon (squalene); one vitamin (α-tocopherol); and two sterols (stigmasterol and β-sitosterol). The latter two substances were isolated in mixture and identified by spectrometric methods. From ethyl acetate extract of bark of trunk E.glabriflora was isolated from 3-O-glycoside-flavanonol, engeletin also present in the extract of E. duckeana, but in lower concentration. Other flavonoid was isolated from M+ 476 u.ma. Essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation in Clevenger apparatus changed during 4h, then dried with sodium sulfate and analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. We identified 35 constituents in essential oils, and the β-caryophyllene and germacrene D the major constituents. Essential oils from leaves and stems showed cytotoxic activity against tumor cell lines of breast cancer (MDA/MB-435), colon (HCT8) and central nervous system (SKF-295) with inhibitions of growth of approximately 100%. The extracts tested showed weak or no trypanosoma cruzi or leishmania activity and antibacterial and antifungal activity, except the hexane extract of the bark of E. glabriflora that showed significant activity against grampositive bacterium Bacillus subtilis (MIC = 62.5 μg /mL). With respect to antioxidant potential, the highest activity of free radical sequestration was presented by the extracts in ethyl acetate and methanol of bark of trunk (IC50 10.5 -17.8 mg / mL) in both species. The results of this study contribute to the knowledge of chemical and biological of two species from Amazonian biodiversity.
Eperua é um gênero da família Fabaceae, endêmico da Amazônia Central. O óleo exsudado das espécies Eperua oleifera, Eperua purpurea e Eperua falcata é utilizado na medicina popular de modo análogo ao da copaíba, como cicatrizante, antifúngico e bactericida. De modo geral, duas classes de substâncias têm sido isoladas de espécies desse gênero: terpenos e flavonóides. Apesar das espécies Eperua glabriflora e Eperua duckeana serem comuns na Amazônia, nunca foram estudadas química ou farmacologicamente. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a composição química dos extratos obtidos das cascas do tronco e folhas e determinar as atividades antioxidantes, antibacteriana, antifúngica, antiprotozoária e citotoxicidade em células tumorais, além de analisar a composição química dos óleos essenciais das folhas e talos dessas espécies. O material vegetal foi coletado na Reserva Ducke em Manaus e as cascas e folhas foram secas à temperatura ambiente e posteriormente trituradas. Os extratos foram preparados por maceração com solvente em ordem crescente de polaridade (hexano, acetato de etila e metanol). Foram obtidos doze extratos brutos. Os extratos apolares das cascas foram analisados por Cromatografia à Gás acoplada ao Espectrômetro de Massas (CG-EM) e ao Detector de Ionização de Chama (CG-DIC). Foram identificadas quatorze substâncias, sendo essas: seis ácidos graxos (ácido hexadecanóico, ácido 9,12-octadecadienóico, ácido 9-octadecenóico, ácido octadecanóico, ácido tetracosanóico e ácido hexacosanóico); quatro ácidos diterpênicos (ácido catívico, ácido 3- hidroxi-labda-7,13-dieno-15-óico, ácido 3-clerodeno-15-óico e um isômero dele); um hidrocarboneto (esqualeno); uma vitamina (α-tocoferol); e dois esteróis (estigmasterol e β- sitosterol). As duas últimas substâncias foram isoladas em mistura e identificadas por métodos espectrométricos. Do extrato obtido em acetato de etila das cascas de E. glabriflora foi isolado um 3-O-glicosil-flavanonol conhecido como engeletina, presente também no extrato da E. duckeana, porém, em menor concentração; e um flavonóide de M+ 476. Os óleos essenciais foram obtidos por hidrodestilação, em aparelho clevenger modificado durante 4h, e seco com sulfato de sódio e analisados por CG-DIC e CG-EM. Foram identificados nos óleos essenciais 35 constituintes, sendo o β-cariofileno e o germacreno D os constituintes majoritários. Os óleos essenciais das folhas e talos apresentaram atividade citotóxica em linhagens de células tumorais de câncer de mama (MDA/MB-435), cólon (HCT8) e sistema nervoso central (SKF-295) com inibições de crescimento de aproximadamente 90%. Os extratos testados apresentaram fraca ou nenhuma atividade antileishmania, trypanosoma cruzi, antifúngica e antibacteriana, exceto para o extrato obtido em hexano das cascas de E. glabriflora que apresentou significativa atividade contra a bactéria gram-positiva Bacillus subtilis (CIM= 62,5 μg/mL). Com relação ao potencial antioxidante, a maior atividade de seqüestro de radical livre DPPH• foi apresentada pelos extratos obtidos em acetato de etila e metanol das cascas (CI50 10,5 -17,8 μg/mL) e ambas espécies. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho contribuem para o conhecimento químico e biológico de duas espécies da biodiversidade amazônica.
Lopes, Elton Luz. « ContribuiÃÃo ao conhecimento quÃmico de Croton pedicellatus Kunth ». Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9501.
Texte intégralO presente trabalho descreve o primeiro estudo quÃmico das folhas de Croton pedicellatus Kunth.(Euphorbiaceae), um arbusto, nativo da AmÃrica do Sul, popularmente conhecido como velame, nome dado a vÃrias espÃcies de Croton. O extrato etanÃlico das folhas foi submetido a procedimentos clÃssicos de cromatografia, incluindo Cromatografia LÃquida de Alta EficiÃncia (CLAE), resultando no isolamento, de 15 metabÃlitos secundÃrios: dois sesquiterpenos conhecidos como blumenol A e roseosÃdeo; cinco diterpenos clerodanos furÃnicos: 12,20:15,16-diepoxi-3-hidroxi-7,20-dioxocleroda-13(16),14-dien-18,2-olÃdeo; 12,20:15,16-diepoxi-2,8-dihidroxi-3-acetoxi-7,20-dioxocleroda-13(16),14-dien-18-oato de metila; 12,20:15, 16-diepoxi-2-hidroxi-3-acetoxi-7,20-dioxocleroda-13(16),14-dien-18-oato de metila; 12,20:15,16-diepoxi-3,8-dihidroxi-2-acetoxi-7,20-dioxocleroda-13(16),14-dien-18-oato de metila e 12,20:15,16-diepoxi-3-hidroxi-2-acetoxi-7,20-dioxocleroda-13(16), 14-dien-18-oato de metila; seis flavonoides: alpinumisoflavona; canferol; 3-O-glicopiranosilquercetina; 6ââ-O-p-cumaroil-β-icopiranosilcanferol (tilirosÃdeo), 6ââ-O-p-cumaroil-β-galactopiranosilcanferol e 6ââ-O-p-cumaroil-β-galactopiranosil-3â-metoxi canferol, alÃm dos esterÃides β-sitosterol e seu derivado 3-O-glicosilado. A determinaÃÃo estrutural de todos os metabÃlitos secundÃrios isolados foi realizada atravÃs do emprego de tÃcnicas espectromÃtricas como ressonÃncia magnÃtica nuclear de hidrogÃnio-1 e carbono-13 (RMN de 1H e de 13C uni e bidimensionais), espectroscopia na regiÃo do infravermelho (IV), espectrometria de massas de alta resoluÃÃo, obtida com ionizaÃÃo por electrospray e comparaÃÃo com dados da literatura.
The present work describes for the first time the chemical investigation from leaves of Croton pedicellatus Kunth. (Euphorbiaceae), a shrub, native to South America and popularly known as âvelameâ, name given to several Croton species. The ethanol extract from leaves was subjected to classical chromatographic procedures including high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), resulting in the isolation of 15 secondary metabolites: two sesquiterpenes known as blumenol A and roseosÃdeo; five clerodane furan diterpenes: 12,20:15,16-diepoxy-3-hydroxy-7,20-dioxocleroda-13(16),14-dien-18,2-olide; methyl-12,20: 15,16-diepoxy-2,8-dihydroxy-3-acetoxy-7,20-dioxocleroda-13(16),14-dien-18-oate; methyl-12.20:15,16-diepoxy-2-hydroxy-3-acetoxy-7,20-dioxocleroda-13 (16),14-dien-18-oate; methyl-12,20:15,16-diepoxy-3,8- dihydroxy-2-acetoxy-7,20 -dioxocleroda-13(16),14-dien-18-oate; methyl-12,20:15,16-diepoxy-3-hydroxy-2-acetoxy-7,20-dioxocleroda-13(16),14-dien-18-oate, and six flavonoids: alpinumisoflavone, kaempferol, quercetin-3-glucoside, Kaempferol-3-β-D-(6-trans-p-coumaroyl)glucopyranoside (tiliroside), kaempferol-3-β-D-(6-trans-pcoumaroyl)galactopyranoside and kaempferol-3â-methoxy-3-β-D-(6-trans-pcoumaroyl)glucopyranoside, besides the steroids β-sitosterol and its derivative 3-glucosylated. The structure determination of all secondary metabolites isolated was performed by spectrometric techniques such as hydrogen-1 and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and 13C one/two- dimensional), infrared spectrometry (IR), high resolution mass spectrometry and comparison with literature data.
Russell, C. Adam. « The synthesis of model compounds related to the complex diterpene ryanodine ». Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294256.
Texte intégralDehmel, Florian. « Konjugate nucleophile Addition an Styrol-Cr(CO)3-Komplexe Untersuchungen und Anwendungen in der enantioselektiven Totalsynthese diterpenoider Naturstoffe / ». [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=965028224.
Texte intégralSumner, Edward M. O. « An approach to the synthesis of ingenane diterpenes ». Thesis, Durham University, 2001. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3772/.
Texte intégralBelmont, Daniel Thomas. « Studies toward the total synthesis of Dolastane diterpenes / ». The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487260135356641.
Texte intégralFiengo, Lorenzo. « Target-based study to identify new bioactive diterpenes ». Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2019. http://elea.unisa.it:8080/xmlui/handle/10556/4500.
Texte intégralTarget identification and mechanism of action studies of plant-derived compounds play a critical role in drug discovery. The knowledge of the bioactivity of natural compounds can lead to a number of advantages: first of all, it is possible to understand their full therapeutic potential; in addition, it can allow the further identification of their side-effects, their toxicity and also structure-activity relationships studies. This research project is focused on a Reverse Chemical Genetics approach, which relies on the screening of libraries of plant small molecules (provided by the Department of Pharmacy (DIFARMA)-Bioactive Natural Products, University of Salerno (UNISA), Fisciano, Italy) able to bind specific target proteins and on the validation of the ligand/protein interaction. In my PhD project I focused on three protein targets, over-expressed in cancer and identified as potential markers in several tumor cell lines: Nucleolin, Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70) and Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90). Nucleolin (NCL) is a multifunctional protein involved in many process such as DNA transcription, ribosome biogenesis and regulation of mRNAs of anti-apoptotic and antiproliferative proteins such as AKT1, Bcl2, p53. Firstly, a screening of ent-kaurane and ent-trachilobane library by Cellular Thermal Shift Assay (CETSA) on Jurkat (leukemia T cells) and HeLa (cervical carcinoma) was performed, obtaining as main ligand of Nucleolin the 6,19-dihydroxy-ent-trachiloban-17-oic acid (12) from Psiadia punctulata ((Vatke) Asteraceae). Full length Nucleolin/12 interaction was validated in HeLa (cervical carcinoma) cells by CETSA and Drug Affinity Responsive Target Stability (DARTS). Nucleolin RNA Binding Domains 1-2/12 interaction was investigated by Saturation Transfer Difference NMR (STD-NMR), WaterLOGSY and Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR): no interaction was observed with these two domains of the protein. The mechanism of action of the selected diterpene was studied by Flow Cytometry (sub G0/G1 cell cycle arrest), WB analysis (reduction of intracellular AKT1 and Bcl2 levels and pNCL levels on the cell membrane), RTq-PCR (reduction of AKT1 and Bcl2 mRNAs), MTT (IC50: 20 ± 1 μM), Protein Synthesis and Wound Healing assays in HeLa cells (reduction of 20% of migration). Therefore, the 6,19-dihydroxy-ent-trachiloban-17-oic acid (12) may be considered as a new promising modulator of Nucleolin. The second target protein was the molecular chaperon Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70). A diterpene library was screened by SPR assay, in order to select putative Hsp70 ligands. SPR results showed that the ent-7β-acetoxy,18-hydroxy-15α,16α-epoxikaurane (epoxysiderol or compound 27) from Sideritis spp (Lamiaceae) interacts with Hsp70 (KD: 54 ± 1.2 nM). Epoxysiderol ability to modulate Hsp70 activity was assessed through MS (no covalent binding), DARTS and WB experiments. Moreover, epoxysiderol was tested on HeLa cells by MTT (IC50: 20 ± 0.9 μM), Flow Cytometry (G2/M and subG0/G1 cell cycle arrest), WB for its effect on the intracellular levels of Hsp70, Hsp90, and Hsp70 client proteins (reduction of pAKT1, p-p38 and p-JNK1) in HeLa cells, and by WB also for Hsp70 cytosolic and cell membrane levels (reduction of Hsp70 levels). Finally, ATPase assay (50% of reduction in dose-dependent manner) and molecular docking studies (interaction with the Hsp70 Nucleolide Binding Domain) were carried out. Therefore, in this study epoxysiderol was identified as a new Hsp70 inhibitor through cell-free and cell-based assays. Another target object of study in this PhD project was the Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90). Fusicoccane diterpenes from Hypoestes forsskaolii ((Vahl) Acanthaceae), abietane diterpenes form Zhumeria majdae ((Rech.f. & Wendelbo) Lamiaceae) and from different Salvia spp (Lamiaceae) were screened against Hsp90 by SPR and by MTT in HeLa, Jurkat and MCF7 cells, selecting the 18-hydroxyhypoestenone (6) and lanugon Q (20) as Hsp90 ligands. Subsequently, MTT assay was performed to investigate their cytotoxic and anti-proliferative activity: 18-hydroxyhypoestenone was the most cytotoxic in HeLa cells (IC50: 18 ±1 μM), whereas lanugon Q showed higher activity towards MCF7 (IC50: 20 ± 2 μM). In addition, Flow Cytometry and WB analyses were carried out: G2/M cell cycle arrest and reduction of p-Cdc2, pAKT1 and pERK1 levels were observed in HeLa cells after treatment with 6 (10 μM and 20 μM for 48h); Decrease of pERK, pAKT, cyclin A was observed in MCF7 after 48h of treatment with 20 (18 μM). Selected diterpenes were also tested against Hsp90 by ATPase activity assay: dose-dependent reduction (40%) of hydrolysis was observed with compound 6 (1,5, 10 μM), while no inhibition was induced by 20. Furthermore, molecular docking studies were implemented with compound 6, and the computational analysis of the Hsp90/6 interaction suggested a C-terminal domain. In conclusion, in this study 18-hydroxyhypoestenone and lanugon Q were identified as new Hsp90 interactors, able to modulate its activity and its client proteins levels. [edited by Author]
XVII n.s. (XXXI ciclo)
Esmeraldo, Paula Ferreira dos Santos. « Contribuição ao conhecimento químico e biológico de espécies da flora paraibana : Xylopia langsdorffiana e Maytenus distichophylla ». Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8826.
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Phytochemical studies with Xylopia langsdorffiana (Annonaceae), have described isolation of trachylobane, atisane, kaurane, and labdane diterpenes, from the leaves, fruits, stems and roots of the species. Maytenus distichophylla (Celastraceae), popularly known as espinheira santa – (sacred thorn bush), is used in folk medicine to treat stomach ulcers, and data from the literature report the isolation of triterpenoids friedelane, and pyrimidine sesquiterpene alkaloids. Computer aided drug design brings optimizing techniques that facilitate the discovery of new drugs, offering features that allow the connection of compounds to known proteins in three dimensions, and the resulting models are able to predict reliable experimental values for biologically active molecules, making the search for biologically active compounds more efficient. Our work associated experimental tests and computational investigations based on plants selected from the Paraiban flora: X. langsdorffiana, M. distichophylla, and other Maytenus species. We report the experimental tests performed with roots and stems of Maytenus distichophylla that enabled extraction and structural determination of flavonoids, steroids, and friedelane and lupane triterpenoids. Parallel studies were developed using computational docking, PLS, and hydrophobicity, with 15 triterpenoids isolated from Maytenus species (including M. distichophylla), and 17 diterpenes isolated from X. langsdorffiana. Further, we determined chemical compositions (by GC-MS and NMR), and modulation activity against multi-resistant bacteria. Essential oils of three X. langsdorffiana specimens were analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Three compounds were isolated from stems of M. distichophylla by chromatographic techniques: 3-oxo-12α-hydroxyfriedelane, 30- hydroxyfriedelan-3one and 29-hydroxyfriedelan-3-one. Another four compounds were isolated from the roots: β-sitosterol, 11α-hydroxyglochidone, rigidenol and 4’-Omethylepigallocatechin, this being the first report in the species of the latter three. In the docking study, the diterpenes ent-atisan-7α-acetoxy-16α-ol, labdorfianic C acid e labdorfianic B acid had the lowest formation energy values when respectively complexed with cruzaine, CYP2C9, and COX. The triterpenoids with the lowest formation energy values when complexed with these enzymes were, 3β-hydroxy-9,12-en-ursane (cruzaine), 3,4-secofriedelan- 3-oic acid (CYP2C9) and 3-oxo-12α-hydroxyfriedelane (COX). In predicting antitumor activity, as calculated from the constructed PLS model, the diterpene labdorfianic C acid, and triterpene 3β-hydroxyfriedelane, showed the best predicted values. The majority compounds identified in the essential oils were: ent-atisan-16α-ol, germacrene D, limonene and β-pinene. The monoterpenes, β-pinene and limonene, were identified in all analyzed essential oils in different percentages. Through analysis of the essential oil of the X. langsdorffiana stem (specimen A), NMR (¹H and ¹³C) were able to identify ent-atisan-16α-ol, the first time reported for this species. Some essential oils from specimen A when modulated with oxacillin against S. aureus, decreased concentration of the antibiotic by 99%. Principal component analysis (PCA) performed with the essential oil of three X. langsdorffiana specimens allowed identifying a similarity between the chemical species A and B, and a difference in C compared to A and/or B. This result may be related to the age or size of the specimens, since they share the same geographic coordinates. The models obtained in the CADD studies of were satisfactory and generated predictive results.
Estudos fitoquímico com Xylopia langsdorffiana (Annonaceae), descrevem o isolamento de diterpenos do tipo traquilobano, atisano, caurano e labdano, das folhas, frutos, caule e raízes da espécie. Maytenus distichophylla (Celastraceae), conhecida popularmente como espinheira santa, é utilizada na medicina popular para o tratamento de ulceras estomacais, e dados da literatura relatam o isolamento de triterpenos do tipo friedelano e alcaloides sesquiterpênicos pirimidínicos. O planejamento de fármacos auxiliado por computador, vem otimizando técnicas que facilitam na descoberta de novos fármacos, oferecendo recursos que permitem o acoplamento de compostos à proteínas tridimensionalmente conhecidas e originando modelos capazes de predizer valores experimentais confiáveis para moléculas biologicamente ativas, tornando a busca por compostos biologicamente ativos mais eficiente. Este trabalho associou ensaios experimentais e investigações computacionais baseadas nas plantas extraídas da flora Paraibana: X. langsdorffiana, M. distichophylla, e outras espécies do gênero Maytenus. Reportaremos os testes experimentais realizados com raízes e caule de Maytenus distichophylla que possibilitaram a extração e determinação estrutural de flavonoide, esteroide e, triterpenos do tipo friedelano e lupano. Paralelamente realizamos estudos computacionais de docking, PLS e hidrofobicidade, com 15 triterpenos isolados de espécies do gênero Maytenus (incluindo M. distichophylla) e, 17 diterpenos isolados de X. langsdorffiana. Além disso, determinamos a composição química (por CG-EM e RMN), e atividade moduladora frente a bactérias multirresistentes. Os óleos essenciais das 3 espécimes de X. langsdorffiana foram analisadas pela Análise de Componente Principal (PCA). Três compostos foram isolados do caule de M. distichophylla por técnicas cromatográficas: 3-oxo-12α-hidroxifriedelano, 30-hidroxifriedelan- 3ona e 29-hidroxifriedelan-3-ona. Outros quatro compostos foram isolados das raízes: β- sitosterol, 11α-hidroxigloquidona, rigidenol e 4’-O-metilepigalocatequina, sendo os três últimos relatados pela primeira vez na espécie. No estudo de docking, os diterpenos ent-atisan- 7α-acetoxi-16α-ol, ácido labdorfiânico C e ácido labdorfiânico B apresentaram os menores valores de energia de formação quando complexados com a cruzaína, CYP2C9 e COX, respectivamente. Os triterpenos que apresentaram os menores valores de energia de formação complexados com essas enzimas foram, 3β-hidroxi-9,12-en-ursano (cruzaína), ácido 3,4-secofriedelan- 3-óico (CYP2C9) e 3-oxo-12α-hidroxifriedelano (COX). Na predição da atividade antitumoral, calculada a partir do modelo PLS construído, o diterpeno ácido labdorfiânico C, e o triterpeno 3β-hidroxifriedelano, apresentaram os melhores valores preditos. Os compostos majoritários identificados nos óleos essenciais foram: ent-atisan-16α-ol, germacreno D, limoneno e β-pineno. Os monoterpenos, β-pineno e limoneno, foram identificados em todos os óleos essenciais analisados, com diferentes porcentagens. Através da análise do óleo essencial do caule (espécime A) de X. Langsdorffiana, por RMN (¹H e ¹³C) foi possível identificar o entatisan- 16α-ol, relatado pela primeira vez na espécie. Alguns óleos essenciais do espécime A, quando modulados com oxacilina frente a S. aureus, diminuíram a concentração do antibiótico em 99%. A análise de componente principal (PCA) realizada com o óleo essencial de três espécimes de X. langsdorffiana, permitiu identificar uma similaridade química entre os espécimes A e B, e uma diferença em C, quando comparados com A e/ou B. Este resultado pode estar relacionado a idade ou porte dos espécimes, já que os mesmos se encontram na mesma coordenada geográfica. Os modelos obtidos nos estudos de CADD foram satisfatórios e geraram resultados preditivos.