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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Disuguagl »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Disuguagl"
Tekavčić, Pavao. « Dr. Roxana Iordache, Exprimarea ideii de concesie în limba latinǎ, Paideia, Colecţia Academice, Bucureşti 2002, 133 pagine ». Linguistica 43, no 1 (1 décembre 2003) : 176–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.43.1.176-178.
Texte intégralThèses sur le sujet "Disuguagl"
CONSOLAZIO, DAVID. « Social and Spatial Inequalities in Health in Milan : the Case of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/263136.
Texte intégralThis PhD dissertation is aimed at studying health inequalities in the Italian city of Milan. Health inequalities can be defined as differences in people’s health across the population and between population groups, which are attributable to individuals’ socioeconomic status as a consequence of the uneven distribution of social, economic, cultural, and relational resources that enable people to reach their health potential (Sarti et al., 2011). Moreover, people’s health may also be affected by psychosocial and physical characteristics of the local environment in which they live, so that those living in disadvantaged areas may be at a higher risk of being subjected to worse health conditions (Macintyre and Ellaway, 2000; 2003). Moving from the theoretical and conceptual foundations of the Fundamental Causes Theory (Link and Phelan 1995; Phelan et al., 2010) and the Social Determinants of Health approach ( Solar and Irwin, 2010; Wilkinson and Marmot, 2003) this work intends to provide both an accurate mapping of the distribution of health conditions within the Milanese territory – and its association with individual and contextual socioeconomic status – and to contribute to the debate on the presence of neighbourhood effects on health (Diez-Roux, 2004; Galster, 2012). We thus relied on an interdisciplinary approach, making use of tools and methods from sociology, epidemiology, and geography. A fine-grained study of disease distribution among the neighbourhoods of the city of Milan was missing, and we opted to focus on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in light of its typical association with both individual socioeconomic conditions (Agardh et al., 2011) and environmental characteristics (Den Braver et al., 2018). Relying on the unprecedented use of administrative healthcare data provided by the Epidemiology Unit of the Health Protection Agency of the Metropolitan City of Milan, linked with data from the most recent Italian census, we performed a multilevel case-control study, aimed at assessing the relative impact of individual and neighbourhood socioeconomic status on the risk of developing the disease. Our results confirmed the presence of a social gradient in the distribution of the disease, with an increasing prevalence in correspondence with lower educational attainment. Moreover, we found evidence of a spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of the disease, which was not entirely explained by individual socioeconomic status: the association between neighbourhood socioeconomic status and the risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus remained statistically significant even after accounting for individual-level variables, suggesting a role of the context in shaping risk exposure independently of the clustering of individuals with similar characteristics in the same areas. In line with the existing literature, we found that individual characteristics still play a major role in explaining risk exposure, but also that the context where people live has a non-negligible effect and should be encompassed in the design of policies aimed at tackling the disease and reducing social inequalities at its onset. Despite playing a role in mitigating disparities in relation to disease management and quality of care, there is evidence that the healthcare system alone is not able to effectively tackle existing inequalities, and that broader actions intervening in the structure that contribute to the generation and perpetuation of social and spatial inequalities are needed.
Viero, Angela Cristina. « A degradação do propósito da cláusula penal nos contratos paritários : estudo histórico-comparativo ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/127919.
Texte intégralEsta tese se propõe a demonstrar, através do método histórico-comparativo, a degradação da cláusula penal enquanto instrumento de reforço das obrigações contratuais, no âmbito dos contratos paritários. Ancestral da cláusula penal, a stipulatio poenae do direito romano tinha por propósito fundamental reforçar o adimplemento de uma obrigação. Com o decurso do tempo, porém, tal escopo foi relativizado, como se depreende da comparação entre os sistemas de common law- que veda a cláusula penal- e de tradição civilista- que a admite. Atualmente, nos países da denominada família romano-germânica, a mudança de paradigma do Estado Liberal para o Estado Social produziu diversas consequências no Direito Privado, entre elas a superação da intangibilidade das convenções privadas. Ao juiz é atribuído o poder-dever de restaurar, com base em equidade, o equilíbrio econômico do contrato e conformá-lo aos princípios da boa-fé e da função social. Com esta visão é que a intervenção judicial tem operado no campo das penas convencionais para reduzir o montante da pena manifestamente excessiva em relação à obrigação por ela reforçada. Verifica-se também, a teor de regras dos Códigos Civis italiano e brasileiro, que se o prejuízo causado pelo inadimplemento ou adimplemento inexato da obrigação superar o valor estipulado na cláusula penal, o credor só poderá exigir indenização pelo dano excedente se houver pacto expresso neste sentido. Evidencia-se, portanto, a degradação da finalidade de reforço ínsita à cláusula penal e o tratamento desigual para partes contratantes iguais. Primeiro porque não há previsão de aumento da cláusula penal irrisória; e, segundo, em virtude da possibilidade de a cláusula penal operar como cláusula de limitação do dever de indenizar. Nos moldes das referidas disciplinas italiana e brasileira a intervenção judicial nos domínios da autonomia privada é admitida somente em benefício do devedor, contrastando com o regime do instituto na França e na Alemanha.
The present thesis aims to demonstrate, through the historical-comparative method, the degradation of penalty ciauses as an instrument to reinforce contractual obligations, in the field of paritary contracts. Ancestor to the penalty clause, the roman's law stipulatio poenae had the fundamental purpose ofreinforcing the execution of an obligation. Notwhitstanding as time gone by this scope has been relativisided, as one can deduce through comparison o f the systems of common law - wich forbid penalty clause- and those o f civilian tradition- that enables it. Presently, in the extent of the countries of the so called romanistic-germanic family, the change of the liberal State paradigm to the social State has produced several consequences in the Private Law, among them the superation of intangibility of the private conventions. To the judge is ensured the power-duty of restauring, based on equity, the contract economic balance and shape it to the principies of objective good faith and social function. Such approach has been guiding the judicial intervention in the field of conventional penalties in order to reduce the amount of the penalty unreasonable excessive refering the reinforced obligation. Also is observed trhough the rules of the italian and brazilian Civil Codes that if the damage caused by non-execution or inexact execution of the obligation comes to superate the amount stipulated on the penalty clause, the creditor will be authorized only to demand the indemnity for the excessive damage in case o f existing express agreement in this sense. It is evident therefore, the degradation of the inferred reinforcing purpose of penalty clauses and also the unequal treatment for equal contracting parts. Firstly, because there is not a legal forecast to increase a penalty clause o f insignificant amount; and, secondly, due the possibility o f the penalty clause acts as a limitation clause o f indemnity obligation. As the models of referred italian and brazilian disciplines are concemed, the judicial intervention in the domain o f the private autonomy is only allowed in benefit of the debtor, contrasting to the regime ofthis instituí in France and Germany.
SANDU, ROXANA IONELA. « The European Union : Voting, Turnout and Legitimacy ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1429.
Texte intégralBy pursuing common policies for its Member States, the European Union moved from being a purely economic union, to being a political one as well. However, little has been done to tackle the latter aspect. Skepticism has come to characterize the political climate of the European Union and high heterogeneity in terms of Member States has induced difficulties in the decision-making process. This thesis focuses on the European Politics from three aspects: legitimacy, which refers to citizens’ political support, voting behavior and turnout. One of the main research questions we address is whether or not the basis for the existence of true European party politics exists, as a way out of the European Union legitimacy crisis. Then, we ask what are the main factors that influence electoral participation in the European Parliament elections since it is the only source of direct legitimacy. Lastly, we investigate what are the causes for the turnout gap across European and National elections, looking at the party vote share. The main argument for pan-European to exist is to defend the same values and interests European-wide. Empirical results point out that social class's polarization already exists in the initial 12 EU Member States, as well as later entries, while in the European Parliament elections voters cast their vote sincerely. We conclude that Europe fulfils the base requirement for the creation of true European politics, party politics and social groups' targeted-policies being a possible solution for the legitimacy crisis.
SANDU, ROXANA IONELA. « The European Union : Voting, Turnout and Legitimacy ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1429.
Texte intégralBy pursuing common policies for its Member States, the European Union moved from being a purely economic union, to being a political one as well. However, little has been done to tackle the latter aspect. Skepticism has come to characterize the political climate of the European Union and high heterogeneity in terms of Member States has induced difficulties in the decision-making process. This thesis focuses on the European Politics from three aspects: legitimacy, which refers to citizens’ political support, voting behavior and turnout. One of the main research questions we address is whether or not the basis for the existence of true European party politics exists, as a way out of the European Union legitimacy crisis. Then, we ask what are the main factors that influence electoral participation in the European Parliament elections since it is the only source of direct legitimacy. Lastly, we investigate what are the causes for the turnout gap across European and National elections, looking at the party vote share. The main argument for pan-European to exist is to defend the same values and interests European-wide. Empirical results point out that social class's polarization already exists in the initial 12 EU Member States, as well as later entries, while in the European Parliament elections voters cast their vote sincerely. We conclude that Europe fulfils the base requirement for the creation of true European politics, party politics and social groups' targeted-policies being a possible solution for the legitimacy crisis.
Livres sur le sujet "Disuguagl"
Mattina, Enzo. L' Europa disuguale. Roma : Edizioni associate, 1989.
Trouver le texte intégralNel paese dei disuguali : Noi, i Cinesi e la giustizia sociale. Milano : Egea, 2017.
Trouver le texte intégralGorrieri, Ermanno. Parti uguali fra disuguali : Povertà, disuguaglianza e politiche redistributive nell'Italia di oggi. Bologna : Il Mulino, 2002.
Trouver le texte intégralM, Chiesi, et Lelli Marcello 1944-, dir. Diverse, non disuguali : Le caratteristiche del lavoro femminile nelle aziende bancarie e assicurative. Roma : Edizioni Lavoro, 1989.
Trouver le texte intégralSaraceno, Chiara, Nicola Sartor et Giuseppe Sciortino. Stranieri e disuguali : Le disuguaglianze nei diritti e nelle condizioni di vita degli immigrati. Bologna : Il mulino, 2013.
Trouver le texte intégralTrivellato, Ugo, Antonio Schizzerotto et Nicola Sartor. Generazioni disuguali : Le condizioni di vita dei giovani di ieri e di oggi : un confronto. Bologna : Il mulino, 2011.
Trouver le texte intégralTrivellato, Ugo, Antonio Schizzerotto et Nicola Sartor. Generazioni disuguali : Le condizioni di vita dei giovani di ieri e di oggi : un confronto. Bologna : Il mulino, 2011.
Trouver le texte intégralCarrara, Marco. Disuguaglianza Disuguale : Uguaglianza, Progresso Tecnico, Globalizzazione. Independently Published, 2018.
Trouver le texte intégralDisuguali. Donne, diritti, violenza negli anni zero : Catalogo dell'esposizione. Saltara, Italy : Ideostampa, 2011.
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