Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Distractor suppression »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Distractor suppression"
1
Wang, Benchi, Joram van Driel, Eduard Ort et Jan Theeuwes. « Anticipatory Distractor Suppression Elicited by Statistical Regularities in Visual Search ». Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 31, no 10 (octobre 2019) : 1535–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01433.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Salient yet irrelevant objects often capture our attention and interfere with our daily tasks. Distraction by salient objects can be reduced by suppressing the location where they are likely to appear. The question we addressed here was whether suppression of frequent distractor locations is already implemented beforehand, in anticipation of the stimulus. Using EEG, we recorded cortical activity of human participants searching for a target while ignoring a salient distractor. The distractor was presented more often at one location than at any other location. We found reduced capture for distractors at frequent locations, indicating that participants learned to avoid distraction. Critically, we found evidence for “proactive suppression” as already “prior to display onset,” there was enhanced power in parieto-occipital alpha oscillations contralateral to the frequent distractor location—a signal known to occur in anticipation of irrelevant information. Locked to display onset, ERP analysis showed a distractor suppression-related distractor positivity (PD) component for this location. Importantly, this PD was found regardless of whether distracting information was presented at the frequent location. In addition, there was an early PD component representing an early attentional index of the frequent distractor location. Our results show anticipatory (proactive) suppression of frequent distractor locations in visual search already starting prior to display onset.
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Failing, Michel, et Jan Theeuwes. « More capture, more suppression : Distractor suppression due to statistical regularities is determined by the magnitude of attentional capture ». Psychonomic Bulletin & ; Review 27, no 1 (17 décembre 2019) : 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-019-01672-z.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractSalient yet irrelevant objects often interfere with daily tasks by capturing attention against our best interests and intentions. Recent research has shown that through implicit learning, distraction by a salient object can be reduced by suppressing the location where this distractor is likely to appear. Here, we investigated whether suppression of such high-probability distractor locations is an all-or-none phenomenon or specifically tuned to the degree of interference caused by the distractor. In two experiments, we varied the salience of two task-irrelevant singleton distractors each of which was more likely to appear in one specific location in the visual field. We show that the magnitude of interference by a distractor determines the magnitude of suppression for its high-probability location: The more salient a distractor, the more it becomes suppressed when appearing in its high-probability location. We conclude that distractor suppression emerges as a consequence of the spatial regularities regarding the location of a distractor as well as its potency to interfere with attentional selection.
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Kerzel, Dirk, et Nicolas Burra. « Capture by Context Elements, Not Attentional Suppression of Distractors, Explains the PD with Small Search Displays ». Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 32, no 6 (juin 2020) : 1170–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01535.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Top–down control of attention allows us to resist attentional capture by salient stimuli that are irrelevant to our current goals. Recently, it was proposed that attentional suppression of salient distractors contributes to top–down control by biasing attention away from the distractor. With small search displays, attentional suppression of salient distractors may even result in reduced RTs on distractor-present trials. In support of attentional suppression, electrophysiological measures revealed a positivity between 200 and 300 msec contralateral to the distractor, which has been referred to as distractor positivity (PD). We reexamined distractor benefits with small search displays and found that the positivity to the distractor was followed by a negativity to the distractor. The negativity, referred to as N2pc, is considered an index of attentional selection of the contralateral element. Thus, attentional suppression of the distractor (PD) preceded attentional capture (N2pc) by the distractor, which is at odds with the idea that attentional suppression avoids attentional capture by the distractor. Instead, we suggest that the initial “PD” is not a positivity to the distractor but rather a negativity (N2pc) to the contralateral context element, suggesting that, initially, the context captured attention. Subsequently, the distractor was selected because, paradoxically, participants searched all lateral target positions (even when irrelevant) before they examined the vertical positions. Consistent with this idea, search times were shorter for lateral than vertical targets. In summary, the early voltage difference in small search displays is unrelated to distractor suppression but may reflect capture by the context.
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Schall, Jeffrey D., Takashi R. Sato, Kirk G. Thompson, Amanda A. Vaughn et Chi-Hung Juan. « Effects of Search Efficiency on Surround Suppression During Visual Selection in Frontal Eye Field ». Journal of Neurophysiology 91, no 6 (juin 2004) : 2765–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00780.2003.
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Previous research has shown that visually responsive neurons in the frontal eye field of macaque monkeys select the target for a saccade during efficient, pop-out visual search through suppression of the representation of the nontarget distractors. For a fraction of these neurons, the magnitude of this distractor suppression varied with the proximity of the target to the receptive field, exhibiting more suppression of the distractor representation when the target was nearby than when the target was distant. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the variation of distractor suppression related to target proximity varied with target-distractor feature similarity. The effect of target proximity on distractor suppression did not vary with target-distractor similarity and therefore may be an endogenous property of the selection process.
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Serences, John T., Steven Yantis, Andrew Culberson et Edward Awh. « Preparatory Activity in Visual Cortex Indexes Distractor Suppression During Covert Spatial Orienting ». Journal of Neurophysiology 92, no 6 (décembre 2004) : 3538–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00435.2004.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The deployment of spatial attention induces retinotopically specific increases in neural activity that occur even before a target stimulus is presented. Although this preparatory activity is thought to prime the attended regions, thereby improving perception and recognition, it is not yet clear whether this activity is a manifestation of signal enhancement at the attended locations or suppression of interference from distracting stimuli (or both). We investigated the functional role of these preparatory shifts by isolating a distractor suppression component of selection. Behavioral data have shown that manipulating the probability that visual distractors will appear modulates distractor suppression without concurrent changes in signal enhancement. In 2 experiments, functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed increased cue-evoked activity in retinotopically specific regions of visual cortex when increased distractor suppression was elicited by a high probability of distractors. This finding directly links cue-evoked preparatory activity in visual cortex with a distractor suppression component of visual selective attention.
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Feldmann-Wüstefeld, Tobias, Niko A. Busch et Anna Schubö. « Failed Suppression of Salient Stimuli Precedes Behavioral Errors ». Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 32, no 2 (février 2020) : 367–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01502.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Our visual system is constantly confronted with more information than it can process. To deal with the limited capacity, attention allows us to enhance relevant information and suppress irrelevant information. Particularly, the suppression of salient irrelevant stimuli has shown to be important as it prevents attention to be captured and thus attentional resources to be wasted. This study aimed at directly connecting failures to suppress distraction with a neural marker of suppression, the distractor positivity (Pd). We measured participants' EEG signal while they performed a visual search task in which they had to report a digit inside a shape target while ignoring distractors, one of which could be a salient color singleton. Reports of target digits served as a behavioral index of enhancement, and reports of color distractor digits served as a behavioral index of failed suppression, each measured against reports of neutral distractor digits serving as a baseline. Participants reported the target identity more often than any distractor identity. The singleton identity was reported least often, suggesting suppression of the singleton below baseline. Suppression of salient stimuli was absent in the beginning and then increased throughout the experiment. When the singleton identity was reported, the Pd was observed in a later time window, suggesting that behavioral errors were preceded by failed suppression. Our results provide evidence for the signal suppression hypothesis that states salient items have to be actively suppressed to avoid attentional capture. Our results also provide direct evidence that the Pd is reflecting such active suppression.
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van Moorselaar, Dirk, et Jan Theeuwes. « Spatial suppression due to statistical regularities in a visual detection task ». Attention, Perception, & ; Psychophysics 84, no 2 (12 novembre 2021) : 450–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-021-02330-0.
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AbstractIncreasing evidence demonstrates that observers can learn the likely location of salient singleton distractors during visual search. To date, the reduced attentional capture at high-probability distractor locations has typically been examined using so called compound search, in which by design a target is always present. Here, we explored whether statistical distractor learning can also be observed in a visual detection task, in which participants respond target present if the singleton target is present and respond target absent when the singleton target is absent. If so, this allows us to examine suppression of the location that is likely to contain a distractor both in the presence, but critically also in the absence, of a priority signal generated by the target singleton. In an online variant of the additional singleton paradigm, observers had to indicate whether a unique shape was present or absent, while ignoring a colored singleton, which appeared with a higher probability in one specific location. We show that attentional capture was reduced, but not absent, at high-probability distractor locations, irrespective of whether the display contained a target or not. By contrast, target processing at the high-probability distractor location was selectively impaired on distractor-present displays. Moreover, all suppressive effects were characterized by a gradient such that suppression scaled with the distance to the high-probability distractor location. We conclude that statistical distractor learning can be examined in visual detection tasks, and discuss the implications for attentional suppression due to statistical learning.
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Hickey, Clayton, Vincent Di Lollo et John J. McDonald. « Electrophysiological Indices of Target and Distractor Processing in Visual Search ». Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 21, no 4 (avril 2009) : 760–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21039.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Attentional selection of a target presented among distractors can be indexed with an event-related potential (ERP) component known as the N2pc. Theoretical interpretation of the N2pc has suggested that it reflects a fundamental mechanism of attention that shelters the cortical representation of targets by suppressing neural activity stemming from distractors. Results from fields other than human electrophysiology, however, suggest that attention does not act solely through distractor suppression; rather, it modulates the processing of both target and distractors. We conducted four ERP experiments designed to investigate whether the N2pc reflects multiple attentional mechanisms. Our goal was to reconcile ostensibly conflicting outcomes obtained in electrophysiological studies of attention with those obtained using other methodologies. Participants viewed visual search arrays containing one target and one distractor. In Experiments 1 through 3, the distractor was isoluminant with the background, and therefore, did not elicit early lateralized ERP activity. This work revealed a novel contralateral ERP component that appears to reflect direct suppression of the cortical representation of the distractor. We accordingly name this component the distractor positivity (PD). In Experiment 4, an ERP component associated with target processing was additionally isolated. We refer to this component as the target negativity (NT). We believe that the N2pc reflects the summation of the PD and NT, and that these discrete components may have been confounded in earlier electrophysiological studies. Overall, this study demonstrates that attention acts on both target and distractor representations, and that this can be indexed in the visual ERP.
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McSorley, Eugene, Patrick Haggard et Robin Walker. « Time Course of Oculomotor Inhibition Revealed by Saccade Trajectory Modulation ». Journal of Neurophysiology 96, no 3 (septembre 2006) : 1420–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00315.2006.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Selecting a stimulus as the target for a goal-directed movement involves inhibiting other competing possible responses. Both target and distractor stimuli activate populations of neurons in topographic oculomotor maps such as the superior colliculus. Local inhibitory interconnections between these populations ensure only one saccade target is selected. Suppressing saccades to distractors may additionally involve inhibiting corresponding map regions to bias the local competition. Behavioral evidence of these inhibitory processes comes from the effects of distractors on oculomotor and manual trajectories. Individual saccades may initially deviate either toward or away from a distractor, but the source of this variability has not been investigated. Here we investigate the relation between distractor-related deviation of trajectory and saccade latency. Targets were presented with, or without, distractors, and the deviation of saccade trajectories arising from the presence of distractors was measured. A fixation gap paradigm was used to manipulate latency independently of the influence of competing distractors. Shorter-latency saccades deviated toward distractors and longer-latency saccades deviated away from distractors. The transition between deviation toward or away from distractors occurred at a saccade latency of around 200 ms. This shows that the time course of the inhibitory process involved in distractor related suppression is relatively slow.
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Lee, Jeongmi, Carly J. Leonard, Steven J. Luck et Joy J. Geng. « Dynamics of Feature-based Attentional Selection during Color–Shape Conjunction Search ». Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 30, no 12 (décembre 2018) : 1773–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01318.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Feature-based attentional selection is accomplished by increasing the gain of sensory neurons encoding target-relevant features while decreasing that of other features. But how do these mechanisms work when targets and distractors share features? We investigated this in a simplified color–shape conjunction search task using ERP components (N2pc, PD, and SPCN) that index lateralized attentional processing. In Experiment 1, we manipulated the presence and frequency of color distractors while holding shape distractors constant. We tested the hypothesis that the color distractor would capture attention, requiring active suppression such that processing of the target can continue. Consistent with this hypothesis, we found that color distractors consistently captured attention, as indexed by a significant N2pc, but were reactively suppressed (indexed by PD). Interestingly, when the color distractor was present, target processing was sustained (indexed by SPCN), suggesting that the dynamics of attentional competition involved distractor suppression interlinked with sustained target processing. In Experiment 2, we examined the contribution of shape to the dynamics of attentional competition under similar conditions. In contrast to color distractors, shape distractors did not reliably capture attention, even when the color distractor was very frequent and attending to target shape would be beneficial. Together, these results suggest that target-colored objects are prioritized during color–shape conjunction search, and the ability to select the target is delayed while target-colored distractors are actively suppressed.
Thèses sur le sujet "Distractor suppression"
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Wang, Deming. « The Search for a More Effective Distractor in Thought Suppression under Cognitive Load ». Thesis, Curtin University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/66027.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The present thesis investigated the role of distractor related variables in thought suppression, including content, perceived satisfaction and immersion. Results suggest that distractors were effective in reducing intrusions and accessibility of the unwanted thought when they were satisfying and immersive, such as when they reflect psychological need satisfaction. A meta-analysis was also conducted to explain heterogeneity in previous thought suppression studies. Findings of the present thesis shed light on thought suppression theories and self-determination theory.
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Bretherton, Paul. « The neural mechanisms of attention : exploring threat-related suppression and enhancement using ERPs ». Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2016. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/the-neural-mechanisms-of-attention(87e183ac-3a36-40e6-9c69-91f7c1209e87).html.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The capacity of the visual system to process information about multiple objects at any given moment in time is limited. This is because not all information can be processed equally or in parallel and subsequently reach consciousness. Previous research has utilized behavioural experiments to explore visual attention. More recently research, however, has used electroencephalography (EEG) to measuring the electrical brain activity in the posterior scalp. By time locking visual stimulus events to fluctuations in scalp activity researchers have been able to estimate the time course of attentional changes by measuring changes in these event-related potentials (ERP). One component in particular (N2pc) has been a reliable tool in measuring either the suppression of, or the shift of attentional to, both ignored and attended items in the visual scene. The N2pc is measured by comparing the ERP activity contralateral and ipsilateral to the visual field of interest. More recently, evidence has been presented that the mechanisms of attention thought to be represented by the N2pc (suppression and attentional selection) could be separated into different ERP components (Pd: indexing attentional suppression of an ignored item; and Nt: indexing attentional selection of the target) and measured independently. In six experiments, using ERPs, this thesis employs these components to explore the mechanisms and strategies of the human attentional system. Additionally, this thesis focuses on the impact of different types of simultaneous processing load on the attentional system and how the mechanisms of this system are influenced. Experiment 1 explores the idea that the type or valence of information to be ignored may influence the ability to suppress it. Results of this experiment 4 show that neither the type nor valence of the irrelevant information modulated the amplitude of the distractor positivity (Pd), indicating suppression of the irrelevant distractor was not altered. Noted in experiment 1 was also the presence of an early negativity (Ne) that appeared to represent attentional capture of the ignored lateral stimulus. Experiment 2 demonstrated that the valence of the lateral target did not alter the target negativity (Nt), indicating a different pattern of results between the Nt and the N2pc reported in previous studies (e.g. Eimer & Kiss, 2007; Feldmann-Wüstefeld et al., 2010). Experiment 2 also showed a similarity of the target negativity (Nt) to the early negativity (Ne; the N2pc like component observed in exp 1) toward face and non-face stimuli. This comparison supported the idea that the early negativity (Ne) reflected attentional capture of the ignored lateral distractor and as a result was relabelled the distractor negativity (Nd) in subsequent experiments. Experiment 3 showed that the salience of the lateral image did not modulate the Pd as should be the case if the Pd reflected sensory-level processing. An early contralateral negativity (similar to the Nd observed in exp 1) was altered by the salience of the distractor which added support to the hypothesis that this reflects attentional capture of the lateral ignored image. Experiment 4 attempted to manipulate working memory (WM) to assess the effect of WM load on attentional capture and suppression. While the results did indicate modulation of suppression under WM load, the limitations of the design of experiment 4 made any definitive interpretation of the results unreliable. The results of experiment 5 showed that suppression, as indexed by the Pd, was not altered by cognitive load. However, reductions in attentional capture under high cognitive load, as indexed by the distractor negativity (Nd), were observed and contradict the results of previous experiments (c.f. Lavie & De Fockert, 2005) 5 where cognitive load resulted in an increase in attentional capture. Although, there appears to be some issue in the authors interpretation of the results of these experiments (see chapter 6 for discussion). The results of Experiment 6 show the opposite effect with a significant increase in the laterality of the Pd under high perceptual load. A similar increase in the laterality of the Pd was not reflected in terms of valence though, where suppression of threat related distractors was not altered under high perceptual load. The hypothesis that an increase in perceptual load will result in a decrease in attentional capture was generally supported by the results of experiment 6. Under high perceptual load angry face distractors captured attention, as indexed by the laterality of the Nd, with neutral face distractors showing a reduction in attentional capture. While under low perceptual load, both angry and neutral face distractors resulted in a significant (and similar) laterality of the Nd. The thesis concludes by discussing issues concerning Lavie’s Load Theory of attention and outlines some potential misinterpretations of previous data that have led to the proposal that cognitive load results in a decrease in attentional resources and therefore a decrease in attentional capture of ignored stimuli. It is argued in this thesis that the results of Lavie and de Fockert (2005), which concluded that the increase in cognitive load resulted in a decrease in attentional capture, are more likely to be due to changes in attentional capture (i.e. a reduction) and changes in RT (i.e. an increase), under cognitive load being separate responses to the availability of resources, one that focusses attention on the goal directed task and the other that results in extended processing time to carry out the more difficult task. In this case both ‘changes’ appear to work to prioritise resources in favour of the goal directed task.
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Kiss, Monika. « Searching for a color singleton among new items no preliminary suppression of old distractor locations ». Berlin Logos-Verl, 2004. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2865585&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
Texte intégral
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Magnusson, Oscar. « Attentional selection and suppression in non-clinical adults : An event-related potential study ». Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-18727.
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests as a developmentally inappropriate pattern of inattention, and hyperactivity or impulsivity. ADHD is a multifactorial disorder with inter alia deficits in selective attention processing. The current diagnosis of ADHD is error-prone as it relies on subjective descriptions and external observations of behavior. Measures that are less reliant on subjective descriptions can enable more accurate and informative diagnoses of ADHD. Wang et al. (2016) have identified two event-related potential (ERP) components, posterior contralateral N2 (N2pc) and distractor positivity (PD) as predictors of ADHD symptom severity in children. N2pc reflects target selection and PD reflects distractor suppression during visual selective attention. The present study aimed to examine how target-evoked N2pc and distractor-evoked PD related to attentional capacity in non-clinical adults. Participants were presented with a visual search paradigm and a self-report scale, the Everyday Life Attention Scale (ELAS). The amplitude of target-evoked N2pc and distractor-evoked PD amplitude was compared to ELAS score in multiple linear regression models. Results displayed that the peak amplitude of target-evoked N2pc was a significant predictor of attentional capacity (as measured with ELAS), while the peak amplitude of distractor-evoked PD was not associated with attentional capacity. Participants with higher attentional capacity (ELAS score) displayed less negative peak amplitudes of target-evoked N2pc. This seems to suggest that target selection, but not distractor suppression in nonclinical adults can predict attentional capacity. However, due to a limited sample size, further research is needed before drawing any major conclusions.
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MARINI, FRANCESCO. « Attentional control guides the strategic filtering of potential distraction as revealed by behavior and Fmri ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/50236.
Texte intégralRésumé :
When dealing with significant sensory stimuli, performance can be hampered by distracting events. Attention mechanisms lessen such negative effects, enabling selection of relevant information while blocking potential distraction. Recent work shows that preventing the negative impact of forthcoming distraction is actively achieved by attentional selection processes. Thus, I hypothesize that the engagement of a distraction-filtering mechanism to counteract distraction, although indisputably beneficial when distraction occurs, also taxes cognitive-brain systems when distraction is expected but does not occur, leading to performance costs.
In my thesis, I seek the behavioral and brain signature of a mechanism for the filtering of potential distraction within and between sensory modalities. I show that, when potential distraction is foreseen in a stimulus-processing context, a cognitive mechanism is engaged for limiting negative impact of irrelevant stimuli on behavioral performance, yet its engagement is resource-demanding and thus incurs a performance cost when distraction does not occur. This cost consists of slower response times to a simple sensory stimulus when presented alone but in a potentially-distracting context, as compared to the same stimulus presented in a completely distraction-free context.
This cost generalizes across different target and distracters sensory modalities, such as touch, vision and audition, and to both space-based and feature-based attention tasks. The activation of the filtering mechanism relies on both strategic and reactive processes, as shown by its dynamic dependence on probabilistic and cross-trial contingencies. Probability of conflict substantially modulates the magnitude of the filtering cost, which results larger in contexts where the probability of experiencing conflict is high. Crucially, across participants, the observed strategic cost is inversely related to the interference exerted by a distracter on distracter-present trials.
The strategic filtering mechanism is predominantly adopted as a longer-term, sustained, cognitive set throughout an extended time period. Its activation is associated with sustained brain activity in prefrontal areas and in the frontoparietal attentional network. Sustained brain activity in prefrontal areas correlates across participants with the filtering cost, thus confirming a close relationship between this sustained activation and the observed behavioral cost. I also show that the recruitment of the distraction filtering mechanism in a potentially distracting context guides attention and behavior through different top-down modulations. In fact, when potential distraction is foreseen, the activation of a filtering mechanism promotes both the attenuation of sensory representation of distracting stimuli in extrastriate visual cortex and the prevention of involuntary activations of conflict-driven motor responses in the premotor cortex.
These results attest to the existence of a system for the monitoring and filtering of potential distraction in the human brain that likely reflects a general mechanism of cognitive-attentional control.
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趙化如. « Thought Suppression : The Roles of Distractor Type and Cognitive Load ». Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21871173403742133635.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士中原大學
心理學系
87
Thought suppression refers to "an attempt to keep an wanted thought or concept out of one''s consciousness". Most of people find suppression so difficulty that they need to try very hard to think something else again and again. Wegner (1992) proposed that there are two processes underlying this mental control: the operating process and the monitoring process. The former requires cognitive capacity, and the latter is an automatic process. Wegner suggested that when the individual only has very limited cognitive capacity, the monitoring process may supersede the operating process and as a result, induces the ironic effect. In the present study, we hypothesized that, by giving a focused distractor, subjects would be able to perform the operating process more efficiently even in the condition with limited cognitive capacity, and thus thought suppression could be achieved. We randomly assigned one hundred and twenty five subjects to a 3 (task: suppression-focused distractor vs. suppression-unfocused distractor vs. concentration) × 2 (cognitive load: high/low) × 3 (word type: target word vs. target-related word vs. target-unrelated word) design, with the last factor as a within variable. Subject were first asked to make an oral report about what come to their mind during the suppression/concentration processes and then do the Stroop test. The dependent measures were the frequency of target word reported and the reaction time during the Stroop test. The results indicated a main effect of cognitive load. Subjects in the high load condition generally had longer reaction time. We did not, however, found any other main effect or interaction. After comparing the frequency of target word reported by our subjects and by Wegner''s (1987) subjects, we found that the reported frequencies of our subjects were much less. Therefore, we conducted one complimentary experiment to collect more information. The result indicated that our subjects performed "thought suppression" easily. In other words, subjects could stop whatever they were thinking almost right away. We speculate that the result might be due to the culture differences and the education system employed. Further implications were also discussed.
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Chih-HaoLien et 連志浩. « fMRI Repetition Suppression for Targets and Distractors ». Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09432371591400080666.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士國立成功大學
心理學系
104
Repetition Suppression (RS) refers to the phenomenon that when the same stimulus is repeated, the BOLD responses to it decrease in certain brain areas. It reminas unclear what exactly its underlying neural mechanism is. One theory suggests that RS is a perceptual-level automatic process; therefore it should remain the same regardless of attentional or task demand manipulations (e.g., Jiang et al., 2000). However, there are also several studies reported a different pattern suggesting that RS is not an automatic process and can be modulated by attention (Yi ＆ Chun, 2005). One reason that why previous studies have yield different results might be the differences in the level of attention to the stimuli manipulated in those studies. We reckon that when targets and distractors belong to very different categories, the distractors can be ignored immediately after the stimulus category is identified, thus receives minimum attention. And this may not be enough to produce RS (e.g., Yi ＆ Chun, 2005). We modified the paradigm Jiang et al. (2000) used, adding a manipulation of using two categories of stimuli (face and scene), to investigation our hypothesis. The results indicate that RS can be found in stimulus-category related areas (ie. parahippocampal place area and fusiform face area) in all four conditions regardless of whether targets and distractors were from same category or not. In sum, our results support better the view that RS is an automatic process, at least in the paradigm we used.
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Berteau, Stefan André. « Modeling biophysical and neural circuit bases for core cognitive abilities evident in neuroimaging patterns : hippocampal mismatch, mismatch negativity, repetition positivity, and alpha suppression of distractors ». Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27671.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This dissertation develops computational models to address outstanding problems in the domain of expectation-related cognitive processes and their neuroimaging markers in functional MRI or EEG. The new models reveal a way to unite diverse phenomena within a common framework focused on dynamic neural encoding shifts, which can arise from robust interactive effects of M-currents and chloride currents in pyramidal neurons. By specifying efficient, biologically realistic circuits that achieve predictive coding (e.g., Friston, 2005), these models bridge among neuronal biophysics, systems neuroscience, and theories of cognition.
Chapter one surveys data types and neural processes to be examined, and outlines the Dynamically Labeled Predictive Coding (DLPC) framework developed during the research. Chapter two models hippocampal prediction and mismatch, using the DLPC framework. Chapter three presents extensions to the model that allow its application for modeling neocortical EEG genesis. Simulations of this extended model illustrate how dynamic encoding shifts can produce Mismatch Negativity (MMN) phenomena, including pharmacological effects on MMN reported for humans or animals.
Chapters four and five describe new modeling studies of possible neural bases for alpha-induced information suppression, a phenomenon associated with active ignoring of stimuli. Two models explore the hypothesis that in simple rate-based circuits, information suppression might be a robust effect of neural saturation states arising near peaks of resonant alpha oscillations. A new proposal is also introduced for how the basal ganglia may control onset and offset of alpha-induced information suppression. Although these rate models could reproduce many experimental findings, they fell short of reproducing a key electrophysiological finding: phase-dependent reduction in spiking activity correlated with power in the alpha frequency band.
Therefore, chapter five also specifies how a DLPC model, adapted from the neocortical model developed in chapter three, can provide an expectation-based model of alpha-induced information suppression that exhibits phase-dependent spike reduction during alpha-band oscillations. The model thus can explain experimental findings that were not reproduced by the rate models. The final chapter summarizes main theses, results, and basic research implications, then suggests future directions, including expanded models of neocortical mismatch, applications to artificial neural networks, and the introduction of reward circuitry.
Livres sur le sujet "Distractor suppression"
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Kiss, Monika. Searching for a color singleton among new items : No preliminary suppression of old distractor locations. Logos Verlag Berlin, 2006.
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Eifring, Halvor. Spontaneous Thought in Contemplative Traditions. Sous la direction de Kalina Christoff et Kieran C. R. Fox. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464745.013.30.
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For more than two millennia, contemplative traditions across the Eurasian continent have seen spontaneous thought as a distraction that binds the devout to the phenomenal world, clogs the gateway to fundamental aspects of reality, and is used by demons to tempt the pious away from their prayer or meditation. At the same time, many traditions have believed the fruits of contemplative practice to come about spontaneously, rather than as a result of deliberate effort, and they have treated certain aspects of spontaneous thought as helping the process forward. Various traditions have recommended different approaches to spontaneous thought, including active suppression, mindful observation, harmonious regulation, reluctant or wholehearted acceptance, and either gently or forcefully turning one’s attention to the object of meditation or prayer. Specific antidotes have included the recital of sacred texts or mantras, as well as the performance of good deeds, ascetic exercises, or rituals of repentance and confession.
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Dienstag, Joshua Foa. Cinema Pessimism. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190067717.001.0001.
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Cinema Pessimism uses the medium of film to explore the dilemmas of democratic representation. When is representation an aid to democracy, and when is it an obstacle? Why are democratic populations so perpetually dissatisfied with their representatives? An exploration of film representation gives us a unique standpoint from which to answer these and other questions. Representation contains dangers for democracy, including its ability to foster illusions of power and freedom in a citizenry rather than genuine autonomy. Film itself can be a powerful political narcotic, suppressing rather than expressing the humanity that is supposed to flourish in democracy. Most popular films today, like many elected representatives, frustrate and interrupt democracy rather than sustain it. In its best form, however, representation, both filmic and political, can add something irreplaceable to our political life. Democratic citizens are hard to represent because human beings only reveal themselves over time. Representing them thus holds special challenges that this work explores. Great representatives and great representations are rare, but when they do appear, they enhance our politics by sustaining the reciprocity and equality that are at the heart of any well-ordered human society. We can draw these lessons from films even as we resist the increasing saturation of modern life with representations that distract or degrade us.
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Distractor suppression"
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Miu, Andrei C., et Mirela I. Bîlc. « Genetics of emotion regulation ». Dans Genes, brain, and emotions, 144–69. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793014.003.0011.
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Research in the last decades has extensively supported the widespread involvement of emotion regulation (i.e. the processes by which one attempts to modulate the experience and expression of affect) in emotion–cognition interactions, social functioning and behavior, and health. In particular, recent work has argued that emotion regulation is a transdiagnostic mechanism in psychopathology and could thus contribute to symptoms that characterize multiple mental disorders and explain some of the genetic overlap between these disorders. Therefore, an emerging literature has started to investigate the genetic underpinnings of emotion regulation and their commonality with psychopathology. After describing the process model, which has guided much of the recent research on emotion regulation, and its implications for psychopathology, the present chapter provides a systematic review of twin and candidate gene studies on the four emotion regulation strategies that have been examined to date: cognitive reappraisal, distraction, rumination, and expressive suppression. Several potential avenues for future research, suggested by recent advances in emotion regulation research and human genetics, are outlined in the final section of this chapter.
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Tannenbaum, Scott, et Eduardo Salas. « Busting a Few Teamwork Myths ». Dans Teams That Work, 13–23. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190056964.003.0002.
Texte intégralRésumé :
There are many opinions about what makes teams work, most of which are pure conjecture. Fortunately, there is a growing body of research that reveals what really drives team effectiveness. This chapter debunks five myths including (a) focusing on teamwork is a distraction from real work; (b) if team members like each other and maintain harmony the team will be successful; (c) being a team player means suppressing individual excellence; (d) teamwork can overcome a significant lack of talent; and (e) teams are always the answer. Evidence is provided that collaboration requirements are increasing and teamwork is a business imperative. As each team experience can make a person more or less eager to be on teams, it is important to create successful experiences. The chapter concludes with an example that illustrates that behind most individual displays of excellence are subtle teamwork contributions that made it possible.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Distractor suppression"
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Liu, Kaiwen, Jin Gao, Haowei Liu, Liang Li, Bing Li et Weiming Hu. « Exploring Motion Information for Distractor Suppression in Visual Tracking ». Dans 2022 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvprw56347.2022.00209.
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Wöstmann, Malte, Mohsen Alavash et Jonas Obleser. « Distractor Suppression Uniquely Contributes to the Lateralized Alpha Response in Spatial Attention ». Dans 2019 Conference on Cognitive Computational Neuroscience. Brentwood, Tennessee, USA : Cognitive Computational Neuroscience, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32470/ccn.2019.1137-0.
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Gao, Guangjie, Yan Gao, Liyang Xu, Huibin Tan et Yuhua Tang. « DSGA : Distractor-Suppressing Graph Attention for Multi-object Tracking ». Dans ICRAI 2022 : 2022 8th International Conference on Robotics and Artificial Intelligence. New York, NY, USA : ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3573910.3573916.
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Kolarik, Tomas, Ivo Maly et Zdenek Mikovec. « Suppressing external visual distractors from driver’s field of view ». Dans 2018 IEEE 9th International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications (CogInfoCom). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/coginfocom.2018.8639951.
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McManus, Colin, Winston Churchill, Ashley Napier, Ben Davis et Paul Newman. « Distraction suppression for vision-based pose estimation at city scales ». Dans 2013 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icra.2013.6631106.
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Tan, Wei Ren, et Shang-Hong Lai. « i-Siam : Improving Siamese Tracker with Distractors Suppression and Long-Term Strategies ». Dans 2019 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision Workshop (ICCVW). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccvw.2019.00013.
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