Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Distractor filtering »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Distractor filtering"
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Vissers, Marlies E., Joram van Driel et Heleen A. Slagter. « Proactive, but Not Reactive, Distractor Filtering Relies on Local Modulation of Alpha Oscillatory Activity ». Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 28, no 12 (décembre 2016) : 1964–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01017.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Filter mechanisms that prevent irrelevant information from consuming the limited storage capacity of visual STM are critical for goal-directed behavior. Alpha oscillatory activity has been related to proactive filtering of anticipated distraction. Yet, distraction in everyday life is not always anticipated, necessitating rapid, reactive filtering mechanisms. Currently, the oscillatory mechanisms underlying reactive distractor filtering remain unclear. In the current EEG study, we investigated whether reactive filtering of distractors also relies on alpha-band oscillatory mechanisms and explored possible contributions by oscillations in other frequency bands. To this end, participants performed a lateralized change detection task in which a varying and unpredicted number of distractors were presented both in the relevant hemifield, among targets, and in the irrelevant hemifield. Results showed that, whereas proactive distractor filtering was accompanied by lateralization of alpha-band activity over posterior scalp regions, reactive distractor filtering was not associated with modulations of oscillatory power in any frequency band. Yet, behavioral and post hoc ERP analyses clearly showed that participants selectively encoded relevant information. On the basis of these results, we conclude that reactive distractor filtering may not be realized through local modulation of alpha-band oscillatory activity.
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McNab, Fiona, Peter Zeidman, Robb B. Rutledge, Peter Smittenaar, Harriet R. Brown, Rick A. Adams et Raymond J. Dolan. « Age-related changes in working memory and the ability to ignore distraction ». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no 20 (4 mai 2015) : 6515–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1504162112.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A weakened ability to effectively resist distraction is a potential basis for reduced working memory capacity (WMC) associated with healthy aging. Exploiting data from 29,631 users of a smartphone game, we show that, as age increases, working memory (WM) performance is compromised more by distractors presented during WM maintenance than distractors presented during encoding. However, with increasing age, the ability to exclude distraction at encoding is a better predictor of WMC in the absence of distraction. A significantly greater contribution of distractor filtering at encoding represents a potential compensation for reduced WMC in older age.
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Parks, Nathan A., Matthew R. Hilimire et Paul M. Corballis. « Steady-state Signatures of Visual Perceptual Load, Multimodal Distractor Filtering, and Neural Competition ». Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, no 5 (mai 2011) : 1113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2010.21460.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The perceptual load theory of attention posits that attentional selection occurs early in processing when a task is perceptually demanding but occurs late in processing otherwise. We used a frequency-tagged steady-state evoked potential paradigm to investigate the modality specificity of perceptual load-induced distractor filtering and the nature of neural-competitive interactions between task and distractor stimuli. EEG data were recorded while participants monitored a stream of stimuli occurring in rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) for the appearance of previously assigned targets. Perceptual load was manipulated by assigning targets that were identifiable by color alone (low load) or by the conjunction of color and orientation (high load). The RSVP task was performed alone and in the presence of task-irrelevant visual and auditory distractors. The RSVP stimuli, visual distractors, and auditory distractors were “tagged” by modulating each at a unique frequency (2.5, 8.5, and 40.0 Hz, respectively), which allowed each to be analyzed separately in the frequency domain. We report three important findings regarding the neural mechanisms of perceptual load. First, we replicated previous findings of within-modality distractor filtering and demonstrated a reduction in visual distractor signals with high perceptual load. Second, auditory steady-state distractor signals were unaffected by manipulations of visual perceptual load, consistent with the idea that perceptual load-induced distractor filtering is modality specific. Third, analysis of task-related signals revealed that visual distractors competed with task stimuli for representation and that increased perceptual load appeared to resolve this competition in favor of the task stimulus.
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Gaspar, John M., et John J. McDonald. « High Level of Trait Anxiety Leads to Salience-Driven Distraction and Compensation ». Psychological Science 29, no 12 (2 novembre 2018) : 2020–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797618807166.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Individuals with high levels of anxiety are hypothesized to have impaired executive control functions that would otherwise enable efficient filtering of irrelevant information. Pinpointing specific deficits is difficult, however, because anxious individuals may compensate for deficient control functions by allocating greater effort. Here, we used event-related-potential indices of attentional selection (the N2pc) and suppression (the PD) to determine whether high trait anxiety is associated with a deficit in preventing the misallocation of attention to salient, but irrelevant, visual search distractors. Like their low-anxiety counterparts ( n = 19), highly anxious individuals ( n = 19) were able to suppress the distractor, as evidenced by the presence of a PD. Critically, however, the distractor was found to trigger an earlier N2pc in the high-anxiety group but not in the low-anxiety group. These findings indicate that, whereas individuals with low anxiety can prevent distraction in a proactive fashion, anxious individuals deal with distractors only after they have diverted attention.
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POET, RON, et KAREN RENAUD. « A MECHANISM FOR FILTERING DISTRACTORS FOR DOODLE PASSWORDS ». International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 23, no 05 (août 2009) : 1005–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001409007430.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Graphical authentication holds some potential as an alternative to the ubiquitous password. Graphical authentication mechanisms typically present users with one or more challenge sets composed of a number of images: one target image surrounded by distractor images. Unfortunately, this means it tends to be more time-consuming than password entry and to alleviate this, we need to streamline the process as much as possible to maximize efficiency. The distractors must be chosen with care so as to ensure that users do not become confused by similarities with the target image. It is especially challenging to achieve this filtering with minimalist image types, such as hand-drawn doodles. This paper explores the issues related to filtering the distractor images used in graphical authentication mechanisms using minimalist images. We present an algorithm for automatically classifying minimalist images in terms of visual similarity. The principles outlined here can also be used to assess the similarity of other minimalist image types such as signatures and handwritten numerals.
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Cain, Matthew S., et Stephen R. Mitroff. « Distractor Filtering in Media Multitaskers ». Perception 40, no 10 (janvier 2011) : 1183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p7017.
Texte intégral
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Cain, M. S., et S. R. Mitroff. « Distractor filtering in media multitaskers ». Journal of Vision 10, no 7 (3 août 2010) : 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/10.7.260.
Texte intégral
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Maniglia, Mariana R., et Alessandra S. Souza. « Age Differences in the Efficiency of Filtering and Ignoring Distraction in Visual Working Memory ». Brain Sciences 10, no 8 (14 août 2020) : 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10080556.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Healthy aging is associated with decline in the ability to maintain visual information in working memory (WM). We examined whether this decline can be explained by decreases in the ability to filter distraction during encoding or to ignore distraction during memory maintenance. Distraction consisted of irrelevant objects (Exp. 1) or irrelevant features of an object (Exp. 2). In Experiment 1, participants completed a spatial WM task requiring remembering locations on a grid. During encoding or during maintenance, irrelevant distractor positions were presented. In Experiment 2, participants encoded either single-feature (colors or orientations) or multifeature objects (colored triangles) and later reproduced one of these features using a continuous scale. In multifeature blocks, a precue appeared before encoding or a retrocue appeared during memory maintenance indicating with 100% certainty to the to-be-tested feature, thereby enabling filtering and ignoring of the irrelevant (not-cued) feature, respectively. There were no age-related deficits in the efficiency of filtering and ignoring distractor objects (Exp. 1) and of filtering irrelevant features (Exp. 2). Both younger and older adults could not ignore irrelevant features when cued with a retrocue. Overall, our results provide no evidence for an aging deficit in using attention to manage visual WM.
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Micucci, Antonia, Vera Ferrari, Andrea De Cesarei et Maurizio Codispoti. « Contextual Modulation of Emotional Distraction : Attentional Capture and Motivational Significance ». Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 32, no 4 (avril 2020) : 621–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01505.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Emotional stimuli engage corticolimbic circuits and capture attention even when they are task-irrelevant distractors. Whether top–down or contextual factors can modulate the filtering of emotional distractors is a matter of debate. Recent studies have indicated that behavioral interference by emotional distractors habituates rapidly when the same stimuli are repeated across trials. However, little is known as to whether we can attenuate the impact of novel (never repeated) emotional distractors when they occur frequently. In two experiments, we investigated the effects of distractor frequency on the processing of task-irrelevant novel pictures, as reflected in both behavioral interference and neural activity, while participants were engaged in an orientation discrimination task. Experiment 1 showed that, compared with a rare distractor condition (20%), frequent distractors (80%) reduced the interference of emotional stimuli. Moreover, Experiment 2 provided evidence that emotional interference was reduced by distractor frequency even when rare, and unexpected, emotional distractors appeared among frequent neutral distractors. On the other hand, in both experiments, the late positive potential amplitude was enhanced for emotional, compared with neutral, pictures, and this emotional modulation was not reduced when distractors were frequently presented. Altogether, these findings suggest that the high occurrence of task-irrelevant stimuli does not proactively prevent the processing of emotional distractors. Even when attention allocation to novel emotional stimuli is reduced, evaluative processes and the engagement of motivational systems are needed to support the monitoring of the environment for significant events.
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Won, Bo-Yeong. « Passive distractor filtering in visual search ». Visual Cognition 29, no 9 (28 septembre 2021) : 563–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13506285.2021.1912237.
Texte intégralThèses sur le sujet "Distractor filtering"
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Bonetti, Francesca. « Distractor filtering in the visual attention domain : evidence for habituation of attentional capture ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/245992.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In everyday life, we are constantly surrounded by a huge amount of information.Since our attentional resources are limited, we need to select just the stimuli that we want to process. Despite our voluntary attempt to select a precise information, it often occurs that a salient stimulus or event automatically captures our attention, regardless its irrelevance. The fact that we are immediately and unintentionally attracted by sudden visual onsets provides a clear advantage for our survival. However, in spite of that, the possibility to counteract visual distraction is fundamental for an efficient interaction with the environment, particularly when a salient but irrelevant stimulation repeatedly affects our visual system. And then, how can we resist from being continuously distracted by irrelevant repetitive onsets? The current work is aimed to explore the mechanisms that we use to filter irrelevant information, with a focus on habituation, an ancestral form of learning that has recently been associated to the decrement of attentional capture observed in several studies. This experience-dependent learning process is defined as a behavioral response decrement that results from repeated stimulation and that does not involve sensory or motor fatigue. I will first provide the reader with a general introduction (Chapter 1) concerning the visual attention field, with a particular emphasis on attentional capture and the filtering of irrelevant information. I will then (Chapter 2) try to disentangle the two main accounts concerning the nature of the distractor filtering, the first claiming that filtering is accomplished to shield target processing from interference (top-down inhibitory control hypothesis), and the second stating that the passive exposure to a repeating visual onset is sufficient to trigger learning-dependent mechanisms to filter the unwanted stimulation (habituation hypothesis). After providing strong evidence in favor of the latter account, I will then examine (Chapter 3) to what extent the filtering of irrelevant information that we achieve through the mechanisms underlying habituation is affected by contextual cues, showing that this kind of filtering is context-dependent. Finally (Chapter 4), motivated by the existence of a strong functional and anatomical link between attention and the oculomotor system, I will explore whether habituation affects also the oculomotor capture triggered by an onset distractor, showing that the execution of reflexive saccades is subject to habituation, while the programming component is not. Taken together, the results of the present work give a strong contribution to the attentional capture field in showing that both attentional and oculomotor capture are subject to habituation, that this form of learning is context-specific and that it occurs also when we are passively exposed to a visual irrelevant stimulus.
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Bonetti, Francesca. « Distractor filtering in the visual attention domain : evidence for habituation of attentional capture ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/245992.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In everyday life, we are constantly surrounded by a huge amount of information.Since our attentional resources are limited, we need to select just the stimuli that we want to process. Despite our voluntary attempt to select a precise information, it often occurs that a salient stimulus or event automatically captures our attention, regardless its irrelevance. The fact that we are immediately and unintentionally attracted by sudden visual onsets provides a clear advantage for our survival. However, in spite of that, the possibility to counteract visual distraction is fundamental for an efficient interaction with the environment, particularly when a salient but irrelevant stimulation repeatedly affects our visual system. And then, how can we resist from being continuously distracted by irrelevant repetitive onsets? The current work is aimed to explore the mechanisms that we use to filter irrelevant information, with a focus on habituation, an ancestral form of learning that has recently been associated to the decrement of attentional capture observed in several studies. This experience-dependent learning process is defined as a behavioral response decrement that results from repeated stimulation and that does not involve sensory or motor fatigue. I will first provide the reader with a general introduction (Chapter 1) concerning the visual attention field, with a particular emphasis on attentional capture and the filtering of irrelevant information. I will then (Chapter 2) try to disentangle the two main accounts concerning the nature of the distractor filtering, the first claiming that filtering is accomplished to shield target processing from interference (top-down inhibitory control hypothesis), and the second stating that the passive exposure to a repeating visual onset is sufficient to trigger learning-dependent mechanisms to filter the unwanted stimulation (habituation hypothesis). After providing strong evidence in favor of the latter account, I will then examine (Chapter 3) to what extent the filtering of irrelevant information that we achieve through the mechanisms underlying habituation is affected by contextual cues, showing that this kind of filtering is context-dependent. Finally (Chapter 4), motivated by the existence of a strong functional and anatomical link between attention and the oculomotor system, I will explore whether habituation affects also the oculomotor capture triggered by an onset distractor, showing that the execution of reflexive saccades is subject to habituation, while the programming component is not. Taken together, the results of the present work give a strong contribution to the attentional capture field in showing that both attentional and oculomotor capture are subject to habituation, that this form of learning is context-specific and that it occurs also when we are passively exposed to a visual irrelevant stimulus.
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MARINI, FRANCESCO. « Attentional control guides the strategic filtering of potential distraction as revealed by behavior and Fmri ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/50236.
Texte intégralRésumé :
When dealing with significant sensory stimuli, performance can be hampered by distracting events. Attention mechanisms lessen such negative effects, enabling selection of relevant information while blocking potential distraction. Recent work shows that preventing the negative impact of forthcoming distraction is actively achieved by attentional selection processes. Thus, I hypothesize that the engagement of a distraction-filtering mechanism to counteract distraction, although indisputably beneficial when distraction occurs, also taxes cognitive-brain systems when distraction is expected but does not occur, leading to performance costs.
In my thesis, I seek the behavioral and brain signature of a mechanism for the filtering of potential distraction within and between sensory modalities. I show that, when potential distraction is foreseen in a stimulus-processing context, a cognitive mechanism is engaged for limiting negative impact of irrelevant stimuli on behavioral performance, yet its engagement is resource-demanding and thus incurs a performance cost when distraction does not occur. This cost consists of slower response times to a simple sensory stimulus when presented alone but in a potentially-distracting context, as compared to the same stimulus presented in a completely distraction-free context.
This cost generalizes across different target and distracters sensory modalities, such as touch, vision and audition, and to both space-based and feature-based attention tasks. The activation of the filtering mechanism relies on both strategic and reactive processes, as shown by its dynamic dependence on probabilistic and cross-trial contingencies. Probability of conflict substantially modulates the magnitude of the filtering cost, which results larger in contexts where the probability of experiencing conflict is high. Crucially, across participants, the observed strategic cost is inversely related to the interference exerted by a distracter on distracter-present trials.
The strategic filtering mechanism is predominantly adopted as a longer-term, sustained, cognitive set throughout an extended time period. Its activation is associated with sustained brain activity in prefrontal areas and in the frontoparietal attentional network. Sustained brain activity in prefrontal areas correlates across participants with the filtering cost, thus confirming a close relationship between this sustained activation and the observed behavioral cost. I also show that the recruitment of the distraction filtering mechanism in a potentially distracting context guides attention and behavior through different top-down modulations. In fact, when potential distraction is foreseen, the activation of a filtering mechanism promotes both the attenuation of sensory representation of distracting stimuli in extrastriate visual cortex and the prevention of involuntary activations of conflict-driven motor responses in the premotor cortex.
These results attest to the existence of a system for the monitoring and filtering of potential distraction in the human brain that likely reflects a general mechanism of cognitive-attentional control.
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ferrante, oscar. « Statistical learning of target selection and distractor filtering ». Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/979109.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The cognitive system has the capacity to learn and make use of environmental regularities – known as statistical learning (SL), including for the implicit guidance of attention. For instance, it is known that attentional selection is biased according to the spatial probability of targets; similarly, changes in distractor filtering can be triggered by the unequal spatial distribution of distractors. Open questions remain regarding the cognitive/neuronal mechanisms underlying SL of target selection and distractor filtering. Crucially, it is unclear whether the two processes rely on shared neuronal machinery, with unavoidable cross-talk, or they are fully independent, an issue that I directly addressed here. In a series of visual search experiments, human participants had to discriminate a target stimulus, while ignoring a task-irrelevant salient distractor (when present). I systematically manipulated spatial probabilities of either one or the other stimulus, or both. I then measured performance to evaluate the direct effects of the applied contingent probability distribution (e.g., effects on target selection of the spatial imbalance in target occurrence across locations) as well as its indirect or “transfer” effects (e.g., effects of the same spatial imbalance on distractor filtering across locations). By this approach, I confirmed that SL of both target and distractor location implicitly bias attention. Most importantly, I described substantial indirect effects, with the unequal spatial probability of the target affecting filtering efficiency and, vice versa, the unequal spatial probability of the distractor affecting target selection efficiency across locations. The observed cross-talk demonstrates that SL of target selection and distractor filtering are instantiated via (at least partly) shared neuronal machinery, as further corroborated by strong correlations between direct and indirect effects at the level of individual participants. My findings are compatible with the notion that both kinds of SL adjust the priority of specific locations within attentional priority maps of space.
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Patacca, Alessia. « The impact of emotional stressors on distractor filtering ». Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/995343.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Human beings constantly deal with an enormous amount of information that cannot be processed at once. Given the limited cognitive resources available for the processing of incoming information, visual selective attention has the role to differentiate between competing stimuli in order to facilitate the processing of stimuli that are relevant for adaptive behaviours. From an evolutionary perspective, stimuli with emotional content, in particular those signalling danger or threat, are very powerful in attracting and holding attention even if they are task-irrelevant. Moreover, emotional stimuli get higher processing priority compared with other competing stimuli and their access to further processing and conscious perception is thought to be automatic, at least when sufficient cognitive resources are available. Therefore, avoiding emotional stimuli, especially those with negative content, requires a conspicuous amount of resources that, if engaged for a prolonged period of time in a highly demanding cognitive task, they can undergo depletion, and eventually lead to the mental fatigue phenomenon. We propose that the amount of resources specifically dedicated to selective attention are also limited, and that they can be depleted specifically, and possibly independently, from the resources available for other cognitive mechanisms. This work was planned in order to directly explore this possibility, assuming that the crucial resources necessary to overcome the impact of irrelevant emotional distractors are also involved in attentional processing, and – more specifically – in the filtering of distracting visual information. We expected that by heavily engaging these inhibitory mechanisms, providing conditions of heavy and persistent distraction, we would observe phenomena suggesting that they were being depleted during the course of the experimental session (i.e. one-hour session). In a series of visual search experiments, young adult participants had to discriminate a target stimulus, while ignoring a task-irrelevant distractor that could be present in a portion of trials. According to the aim of our research, in order to increase, on the one hand, the attentional load and, on the other, the need to filter out distracting information, task-irrelevant stimuli with emotional content were introduced prior to each visual search trial. I then measured performance to evaluate the overall impact of emotional stimuli, revealing that while the onset of all emotional stimuli affected attentional deployment in the subsequent trial, such impact was different according to the valence of the stimuli involved. Analysing the efficiency of distractor filtering processes over the experimental session, I observed changes in performance suggesting that the attentional resources specifically involved during the inhibition of distractors in the visual search task could indeed be depleted. By this new approach, in this series of studies I offered new evidence relative to the depletion of cognitive resources specific associated with selective attention. I demonstrated that these domain-specific resources can be depleted in a relatively short period of time (i.e., one-hour session). Moreover, I highlighted how emotional activation can either enhance or impair cognitive performance depending on the emotional valence of the stimuli involved, with negative emotions leading to detrimental effects and positive emotions leading to restorative effects on cognitive resources. I also provided evidence on the fact that under condition of high load on attentional processing, the active engagement of top-down behavioural control may limit, or even abolish, the detrimental effects of negative emotional stimuli.
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Di, Caro Valeria. « Dealing with distractor interference : the impact of suppression history on attentional and oculomotor capture ». Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/1016677.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Salient distractors appearing in the visual field trigger an involuntary oculomotor capture, so being able to ignore them is paramount for an efficient attentional selection. Recent findings have revealed that past experience of distractor filtering greatly affects the deployment of attention such that it can reduce the priority of locations frequently associated with irrelevant information and, accordingly, weaken the interference of distractor appearing therein. Such benefit associated with suppression history suggests that selective attention has adaptive experience-dependent features. There are still gaps however in the knowledge of the mechanisms underlying these phenomena, that need to be more clearly identified and detailed. In a series of experiments, we addressed this topic by exploring the effect of suppression history on the immediate behavioral measures of attentional deployment - i.e. eye-movements - and on their neural correlates. Using variants of a visual search task, we manipulated the probability of occurrence of a salient distractor such that it occurred more frequently at two locations on the visual display, unbeknown to the participants (High Frequency locations - HF). The results showed that the amount of oculomotor capture triggered by the distractors appearing at HF locations was dramatically reduced relative to distractors appearing at other locations, consistently with the improvement also shown on task performance. Testing the permanence over time of these benefits, we found that some residual effects of suppression history were still detectable after the frequency unbalances were no longer in place, but their traces lingered for a very short time, vanishing definitively 24-hours later. Importantly, the bias induced by suppression history was accomplished by changes in neural activity at a relatively early stage of cortical visual processing. Indeed, the distractor-related cortical activities explored at posterior-occipital areas showed a reduced neural activation for distractors appearing at HF locations as indexed by a smaller N2pc, hence providing evidence of a decreased deployment of selective attention towards these stimuli, prior to saccadic planning. In summary, this work provides compelling evidence that suppression history affects attentional spatial priority by dynamically down-weighting the representation of spatial locations that have been more frequently associated with distraction, and whose selection has been therefore inhibited. Our data suggest that such plasticity, within topographic maps of the visual space, is transient and functional, and supported by neural changes in cortical visual processing that sustains ongoing oculomotor control.
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Provost, Alexander Lawson. « Neural and behavioural investigation of auditory distraction in schizophrenia ». Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1428551.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Masters Research - Master of Clinical Psychology (MClinPsych)This experiment was designed to assess whether a known abnormality in an index of sound relevance-filtering could be related to attention deficits reflecting problems in maintaining task focus in a clinical population. MMN elicited to rare unexpected changes in sound is considered part of a relevance-filtering process and reduced amplitude MMN is a robust finding in schizophrenia suggesting disrupted relevance filtering. This experimental paradigm enabled measurement of behavioural and neural correlates of task performance in order to compare a matched healthy control group to persons with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or related disorder (n =15). The paradigm included a passive auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) task (tone pitch manipulation) designed to elicit distraction (slower reaction times and less accurate responding) in a concurrent auditory target detection task (short or long tone).The schizophrenia group participants were recruited from a short-term mental health facility and were all medicated with anti-psychotic medication, with both groups completing neuropsychological testing and an EEG over multiple sessions. The expectation of reduced MMN amplitude in schizophrenia would be linked with less behavioural distraction was not met as the schizophrenia group exhibited increased behavioural distraction while producing equivalent size MMN responses to the control participants. This study, whilst acknowledging the limitations of the sample as well as potential methodological considerations, does not support evidence of a system less sensitive to distraction in schizophrenia. This is in keeping with the general observations of problems in sustained attention typically observed in participants with schizophrenia without a faulty relevance filter.
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(10104379), Courtney Lynn Mallory. « The impact of auditory distractors on visual search performance in individuals with autism spectrum disorder ». Thesis, 2021.
Trouver le texte intégralRésumé :
Enrollment in post-secondary education for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is increasing; however, students with ASD are less likely to complete a degree than students with other disabilities. Classroom performance requires attending to course-related information while filtering distractions. These attentional functions are critical for academic achievement. However, ASD is associated with pervasive impairments in attentional filtering. The present study used visual search, a task in which individuals with ASD excel, to investigate filtering of irrelevant social and non-social auditory information in college students with and without ASD. Results of the present study suggest a filtering deficit for individuals with ASD and indicate that this filtering impairment is present for both social and non-social information. Importantly, these deficits are present on a task in which individuals with ASD excel. Our findings suggest that irrelevant social and non-social sounds may adversely affect performance in college-aged students with high-functioning ASD and highlight the importance of minimizing competing background noise for these students.
Livres sur le sujet "Distractor filtering"
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Theeuwes, Jan. Spatial Orienting and Attentional Capture. Sous la direction de Anna C. (Kia) Nobre et Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.005.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The present review discusses basic findings and current controversies regarding spatial orienting and attentional capture. Endogenous and exogenous spatial orienting and their interaction are discussed in relation to recent debates regarding the role of orienting in the preparation of eye movements, in relation to subliminal cueing, and to the debate whether spatial attention is needed for the detection of basic features. The review also discusses whether it is possible to cue a distractor location in order to reduce its effect on target processing. Stimulus-driven attentional capture and contingent capture are discussed in relation to controversies regarding non-spatial filtering, the existence of assumed search modes, and the concept of the attentional window. The review concludes that contingent capture may be nothing other than endogenous orienting.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Distractor filtering"
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Dansereau, Donald G., et Stefan B. Williams. « Seabed modeling and distractor extraction for mobile AUVs using light field filtering ». Dans 2011 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icra.2011.5979852.
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Ionescu, Adriangabriel, et Neculai eugen Seghedin. « COMPUTER APPLICATION FOR CREATING MAXILLO-FACIAL PROSTHESES FOR CHILDREN ». Dans eLSE 2018. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-18-205.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Maxillofacial prosthetics in the case of growing children has experienced different approaches over time, taking into consideration the complexity and the relative unpredictability of the mandible's bone growth. At present, the quantification of the mandibular growth is done by using direct measurements of the 3D model generated by the computed tomography, together with the possibility of highlighting the different growth rates between genders. The surgeries are based on two approaches: the autogenous grafts collected from the rib, which have an unpredictable growth rate or, in more severe cases, the implantation of a total temporomandibular joint prosthesis. The last one mentioned requires numerous adjustments throughout the patient's life, because of the mandibular growth. The purpose of this paper is to present a complete temporomandibular joint prosthesis, provided with a capsule which contains a distractor mechanism that can be adjusted with minimal invasiveness at certain periods of time during the child's growth, without the need of complex surgery. Proximal, both the components of the mandibular part and the fossa follow the anatomical shape of the implantation surroundings and are provided with holes for monocortical screws fixation. The fossa component allow the replication to some extent of anatomical and functional route, crossed by the condylar head during the maximum mouth opening while the movement inside the distractor component is based on a rack-and-pinion assembly, commanded by the pinion rotation (screwing) which ensure a good access and adjustment of the mechanism from outside the body. This mechanism is encapsulated in a biocompatible material and attached through fixation to the upper surface of the mandibular base component, the surface which is generated by the condilectomy plane. Thus, this paper describes a method of conceiving, designing, building and manufacturing of such a total prosthesis with a distractor. The computer route begins with data acquisition, 3D model reconstruction from DICOM files generated by the computer-tomography scan, processing, editing, and filtering by "Remesh" operations, artifact removal and export to STL format of the anatomical model. The design process of prosthetic structures and the establishment for each one their own technological paths is made according to the chosen manufacturing technologies: 3D print, respectively CNC.