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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Distances géodésiques »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Distances géodésiques"
Michel, René. « Restriction de la distance géodésique à un arc et rigidité ». Bulletin de la Société ; mathématique de France 122, no 3 (1994) : 435–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24033/bsmf.2241.
Texte intégralTraversa, Paola, Emeline Maufroy, Fabrice Hollender, Vincent Perron, Vincent Bremaud, Hussein Shible, Stéphane Drouet et al. « RESIF RAP and RLBP Dataset of Earthquake Ground Motion in Mainland France ». Seismological Research Letters 91, no 4 (6 mai 2020) : 2409–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220190367.
Texte intégralNeto, Alaor Cervati, Alexandre L. M. Levada et Michel Ferreira Cardia Haddad. « Supervised $t$-SNE for Metric Learning With Stochastic and Geodesic Distances $T$-SNE supervisé pour l’apprentissage métrique avec des distances stochastiques et géodésiques ». IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2024, 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icjece.2024.3429273.
Texte intégralKurdyka, Krzysztof, et Patrice Orro. « Distance géodésique sur un sous-analytique ». Revista Matemática Complutense 10 (1 janvier 1997). http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rev_rema.1997.v10.17357.
Texte intégralThèses sur le sujet "Distances géodésiques"
Bertrand, Théo. « Méthodes géodésiques et apprentissage pour l’imagerie de microscopie par localisation ultrasonore ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPSLD024.
Texte intégralUltrasound Localization Microscopy is a new method in super-resolved Medical Imaging that allow us to overcome compromise between precision and penetration distance in the tissues for the imaging of the vascular network. This new type of images raises new mathematical questions, especially for the segmentaton and analysis, necessary steps to achieve medical diagnostic of patients. Our work is positioned at the intersection of geodesic and Machine Learning methods. In this thesis, we make three contributions. The first of these is centered on the constraints linked to ULM images and proposes the tracking of the entire vascular tree through the detection of key points of blood vessels appearing on the image. The second contribution of this thesis deals with learning to define Riemannian metrics to handle segmentation tasks on brain MRI data and eye fundus images. The final part of our work focuses on an inverse problem for reconstructing contrast agent trajectories in medical images in the context of grid-free super-resolution
Makaroff, Nicolas. « Segmentation by deep learning with geometric constraints and active contours ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPSLD030.
Texte intégralSegmentation of medical images is crucial in clinical practice, requiring accurate and reliable methods to aid diagnosis and treatment planning. However, existing deep learning approaches often need more interpretability and robustness, limiting their application in sensitive clinical environments. This thesis addresses these challenges by proposing two new deep learning models integrating classical image processing techniques to improve segmentation performance and reliability. The first contribution, the Chan-Vese Attention U-Net, incorporates an attention mechanism based on Chan-Vese energy minimisation into the U-Net architecture. This approach exploits geometric constraints to guide the segmentation process, enabling the model to produce more accurate and easier-to-interpret results by focusing on relevant regions of the image and minimising irrelevant details. The second contribution, Fast Marching Energy CNN, combines neural networks with geodesic distance computation to learn isotropic Riemannian metrics directly from the data, generating robust segmentation masks that preserve geometric and topological properties. These methods integrate differentiable distance transforms and the subgradient walk algorithm into a differentiable framework. By integrating traditional energy minimisation techniques with modern deep learning models, this research advances the field of medical image analysis, providing more reliable and interpretable tools for automated segmentation. The results of this thesis can potentially improve clinical decision-making processes and the adoption of AI-driven solutions in healthcare
Arjonilla, Jérôme. « Sampling-Based Search Algorithms in Games ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPSLD031.
Texte intégralAlgorithm research in the context of games is a highly active field. Games are a prime application domain for search algorithms because they allow for the modeling and efficient resolution of complex problems. Many algorithms were first developed for games before being extended to other domains. In this thesis, we focus on heuristic search algorithms in the context of games, particularly heuristic search algorithms based on sampling, such as Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) in perfect information, and based on determinization in imperfect information. We also explore the integration of search algorithms with other types of algorithms, especially reinforcement learning algorithms. We present existing methods as well as several original contributions in this field. The first part of the thesis is dedicated to the study of domain-independent heuristic search algorithms, making them easily testable and applicable in various contexts. Specifically, we focus on games with imperfect information, where players do not know all the details about the game state. In these types of algorithms and games, certain problems arise with existing methods, particularly issues related to strategy fusion and the impact of information revelation. We will discuss these problems in detail and present two original methods to address them. The second part of the thesis explores domain-dependent heuristic search algorithms. Domain-dependent algorithms are often more efficient than domain-independent ones because they can learn, generalize, and adapt to a specific domain. Throughout this part, we investigate the integration of heuristic search algorithms with other types of algorithms, particularly reinforcement learning algorithms. We present an original contribution in this area and another contribution that is currently under development. The first method proposes to enhance search algorithms by integrating reinforcement learning algorithms based on the guiding principle. The second method aims to incorporate model-based methods into searches in imperfect information settings
Lebrun, Guillaume. « Ondelettes géométriques adaptatives : vers une utilisation de la distance géodésique ». Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00429641.
Texte intégralKohli, Mathieu. « De la notion de courbure géodésique en géométrie sous-Riemannienne ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX043/document.
Texte intégralWe present a notion of geodesic curvature for smooth horizontal curves in a contact sub-Riemannian manifold, measuring how far a horizontal curve is from being a geodesic. This geodesic curvature consists in two functions that both vanish along a smooth horizontal curve if and only if this curve is a geodesic. The main result of this thesis is the metric interpretation of these geodesic curvature functions. This interpretation consists in seeing the geodesic curvature functions as the first corrective coefficients in the Taylor expansion of the sub-Riemannian distance between two close points on the curve
Merhy, Mayss'aa. « Reconnaissance de formes basée géodésiques et déformations locales de formes ». Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0051/document.
Texte intégralThe quality of the segmentation process directly affects the performance of the shape recognition. Despite the progress that has been made, it is often unreachable to segment the entire object (i.e. closed contour). In fact, only some parts/fragments of objects can be detected. We first develop a new alignment method based on Procrustes analysis in order to ensure invariance of shape parts to geometric transformations (translation, rotation and scale factor). The proposed method consists in finding optimal extremities which minimize the Procrustes distance. Then, we propose a shape part recognition approach and a partial shape recognition approach. These two contour-based approaches are based on matching between shape parts to compare. This matching process consists in establishing a robust registration between shape parts based on geodesics in the shape space. Thus, we exploit the registration residual to define a novel distance for shape part recognition. Later, for partial shape recognition, we describe a geodesics-based combining strategy with the same distance. As well, we propose to use the geodesics distance proposed for shape part recognition to define a global distance for entire shape recognition. Experiments are carried out on parts of shapes and entire shapes of theMPEG-7 database, then on parts issued from segmented real images. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed recognition schemes. The proposed approaches are shown to significantly outperform previous works for classification and retrieval applications
Rivière, Alain. « Classification des points d'un ouvert d'un espace euclidien relativement à la distance au bord : étude topologique et quantitative des classes obtenues ». Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112365.
Texte intégralReverdy, Vincent. « Propagation de la lumière dans un Univers structuré et nouvelles approches numériques en cosmologie ». Observatoire de Paris, 2014. https://hal.science/tel-02095297.
Texte intégralThe nature of the accelerated expansion of the Universe is one of the most fundamental question of today’s cosmology. Ontological, legislatives and paradigmatic approaches have been proposed in order to solve this question. However, it is critical to put additional observational constraints in order to break degeneracies. In this context, the imprint of the acceleration of the expansion on large scale structures has a key role to play. This thesis is focused on this imprint and especially on its effects on light propagation. Accordingly to the predictions of general relativity, photons trajectories are curved near clusters, superclusters and galactic filaments causing several observable phenomena : gravitational lensing, gravitational redshift, integrated Sachs-Wolfe effects, time delays … To quantify these effects, the first simulation of structure formation on the scale of the Observable Universe have been run to construct light cones around virtual observers. It allowed us to rephrase the question of numerical simulation in cosmology and to propose new approaches based on template metaprogramming and embedded languages to create codes achieving both genericity and performance. A raytracing code in the weak-field limit based on a new meshing algorithm has been implemented. Finally, the amplitude of the effects of inhomogeneities on angular diameter distance measured using geodesics integration is above one percent beyond z=l
Chaniot, Johan. « Caractérisation morphologique efficace de matériaux par cartes de distance ». Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSES039.
Texte intégralIn a technologically advanced world, energy consumption is rapidly increasing deepening the ongoing environmental crisis. Therefore, solutions must be found to provide the required energy, while reducing greenhouse gas emissions.Catalysis is an excellent way to improve the energy efficiency of industrial processes. Heterogeneous catalysts, here porous microstructures, are at the heart of this process, particularly for refining and petrochemical industry, specifically for biofuel generation.Their morphological description provides key information. Thus far, correlations have been established between the structural properties and performance of these materials. Nevertheless, heterogeneous catalysis is a very complex process and the traditional numerical descriptors provide insufficient information and fail to assist in material selection. The work addressed in this thesis aims to develop new digital descriptors of microstructures that are easily interpretable, efficient and complementary to the current state-of-the-art solutions. The objective is to complete the set of descriptors, to help in the optimal selection of the appropriate catalysts for a given application. More specifically, we focus our work on a geometric and topological characterization of the porous network, without taking into account physicochemical phenomena, and not being limited by the complexity of the microstructure studied.Our different approaches focus on the concepts of percolation, ability to cross a microstructure; geometric tortuosity, sinuosity and interconnectivity of a network; and heterogeneity. The geometric and topological characteristics linked to the Minkowski functionals in 3D are fitted to catalysis field by estimating accessibility of a microstructure for a given sphere size (A-protocol), described by morphological erosion efficiently calculated by distance maps. To characterize the pore topology, we define an operator, the M-tortuosity, that can be applied to any segmented volume, without arbitrarily defining source points or planes. We propose an efficient M-tortuosity estimator by calculating distance maps; which is then generalized by power factors. This operator is then extended to distinct ways.First, to the case of a probe of finite size (M-tortuosity-by-iterative-erosions), characterizing bottleneck effects which are usually quantified using constrictivity. Then, to characterize the spatial scale dependence of tortuosity (H-tortuosity), characterizing, among others, the heterogeneity of the structure. Finally, both aspects are gathered into the H-tortuosity-by-iterative-erosions.Secondly, these ensemble operators, suitable for binary images, are extended to the functional case, to discriminate grayscale images (F-tortuosity and HF-tortuosity). These functional extensions have various purposes: combining local information with tortuosity assessment of the overall structure, and characterizing tomographic images without accurate segmentation.The discrimination power of these operators, ensemble and functional, is assessed on toy cases and on multi-scale Boolean Cox schemes. Moreover, their similarities and complementarities are analysed using these very same stochastic models.In catalysis and biocatalysis, three types of catalysts are considered: zeolites, MOFs (Metal-Organic Framework) and aluminas. These applications highlight their wide scope, and lead to consider their usefulness out of catalyst domain; in neuroscience and for turbid media characterization
Diourté, Adama. « Génération et optimisation de trajectoire dans la fabrication additive par soudage à l'arc ». Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU30213.
Texte intégralWire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) is becoming the primary Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology used to produce medium to large (order of magnitude: 1 m) thin-walled parts at lower cost. To manufacture a part with this technology, the path planning strategy used is 2.5D. This strategy consists in cutting a 3D model into different plane layers parallel to each other. The use of this strategy limits the complexity of the topologies achievable in WAAM, especially those with large variations in curvature. It also implies several start/stop of the arc during its passage from one layer to another, which induces transient phenomena in which the control of energy and material supply is complex. In this thesis, a new manufacturing strategy to reduce the arc start/stop phases to a single cycle is presented. The objective of this strategy, called "Continuous Three-dimensional Path Planning" (CTPP), is to generate a continuous spiral-shaped trajectory for thin parts in a closed loop. An adaptive wire speed coupled with a constant travel speed allows a modulation of the deposition geometry that ensures a continuous supply of energy and material throughout the manufacturing process. The use of the 5-axis strategy coupled with CTPP allows the manufacturing of closed parts with a procedure to determine the optimal closure zone and parts on non-planar substrates useful for adding functionality to an existing structure. Two geometries based on continuous manufacturing with WAAM technology are presented to validate this approach. The manufacturing of these parts with CTPP and several numerical evaluations have shown the reliability of this strategy and its ability to produce new complex shapes with good geometrical restitution, difficult or impossible to achieve today in 2.5D with WAAM technology