Thèses : « Dispositivi urbani »

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SINI, STEFANIA. « Centri della conoscenza : dispositivi urbani per la creazione di Smart Cities ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266388.

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The PhD research investigates the meaning of the paradigm of Smart City, or Intelligent City, that, from several time, started to be discussed and applied in diverse urban contexts in the world. Smart Cities are characterized by the presence of pervasive and cooperating information and communication technologies. These technologies improve the efficiency of urban resources' management and increase relations and interaction within the urban space. However, a Smart City doesn't prescind from the fundamental role of citizens in the urban space's transformation and development, for this reason information and communication infrastructure are primarily a tool for intensifying connections and exchanges among citizens. In a sense, according with the vision proposed in this research, a Smart City is not exclusively a concept through which efficiency and resources optimization are emphasized, as in the visions that represent the city as a machine constituted of technological cooperating components, but definitively suggests a more holistic vision, which considers the complexity of contemporary cities. This approach underlines that the city is constituted of several interacting components, human and non-human, that together create a complex ecological system where the technological tools, proper of the Smart Cities, can facilitate its management, without adopting rigid standards that limit its free evolution. The intensifying and multiplying of relations and interactions is therefore a concept at the base of the vision proposed by the Intelligent City model, where urban space's development is realized through new practices that enable novel opportunities for collaboration, based on a system of diffused knowledge. Context-knowledge is amplified by the information belonging to the digital space: urban space is increasingly constituted of digital elements that fundamentally contribute in shaping urban places, blending and integrating themselves into the physical space to which they relate and in which they are inscribed. The development of approaches and methodologies capable of facilitating transformational processes of existing urban contexts towards more intelligent configurations can be a solution for the problems faced by contemporary cities. Defining solutions capable to imagine the space as a construct integrating physical and digital components, whose distinction is ever more labile, it is possible to develop new criteria that design and modified cities sustainably, favoring the increase of quality of life for citizens. The research's unfolding has lead to observe how diffused knowledge and citizens' ability to cooperatively act are peculiar characteristics of intelligent cities, accelerated by pervasive urban technologies that facilitate the rapid diffusion on information and enable new forms of interaction through physical and digital space. Final results of the research define the Centers of Knowledge as conceptual devices that facilitate the creation of Smart Cities, suggesting material and immaterial forms with which generate intelligent urban contexts. The thesis is articulated into four chapters: in the first and second chapter principal theoretical references and best practices on Smart City are described; the third chapter contains the analysis conducted in Chicago, which is considered an optimum example of an intelligent urban context; in the forth chapter the concept of Center of Knowledge is explicated, describing the ways through which it can be shaped to develop new urban scenarios. Hopefully, the results of the research will provide a valid contribution in the rich debate around Smart Cities or Intelligent Cities, with the awareness that technological innovations and increasing experimentation of new modes of interactions produce rapid changes of the frame of references.

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Salsini, Flavio. « Metodi di raccolta dei rifiuti urbani con limitazione di conferimento. Aspetti tecnici, economici ed ambientali ». Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8597/.

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Perché la raccolta differenziata abbia ragion d’essere, essa deve essere portata a percentuali, rispetto al totale della raccolta rifiuti, ben più rilevanti di quelle che la media raggiunge allo stato dell’arte. Per raggiungere tale scopo sono fondamentali la sensibilizzazione dell’utente e l’introduzione di metodi di raccolta che favoriscano tale differenziazione dei rifiuti, possibilmente a monte della raccolta stessa. Una buona differenziazione più a monte possibile costituisce infatti un’indiscutibile vantaggio in termini di tempi e di costi. Tra i vari metodi possibili analizzerò in questo elaborato l’adozione di dispositivi a limitazione di conferimento: andando a limitare il volume conferibile della frazione non riciclata, si instrada l’utente verso una maggiore attenzione alla differenziazione del rifiuto a monte, tendendo a uniformare quindi la quantità delle varie frazioni di rifiuto prodotte, ed in particolare limitando quella delle non differenziate.

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Quezada, Madrid Sebastián. « Mobiliario urbano en Renca : dispositivo para el lenguajear del mapuche urbano ». Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/114778.

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Diseñador Industrial
Este proyecto esta formulado para ser aplicado en los cerros de Renca, donde existe una mixtura de culturas colectivas e individuales, junto con una inadecuada aplicación de políticas públicas. Es una comuna de escasos recursos y sin historia, sin identidad y relación social, lo que ha generado desapego, desconfianza y temor hacia el espacio público. En este sentido, la potenciación del uso del espacio público es una necesidad urgente; el encuentro y la aglomeración, el conversar y contarse historias, compartir y sentir con los demás individuos en un espacio común son un estímulo que mantiene vital el cuerpo y el espíritu. Este proyecto como oportunidad de diseño consiste en el desarrollo de un dispositivo espacial aplicable a las áreas verdes que potencie el uso del espacio público, cuya intención de diseño es dar lugar y permitir el acto de lenguajear, es decir, compartir y expresarse ritualmente en las áreas verdes públicas. El dispositivo tiene la característica de indagar y modificar las formas convencionales y permitir, con los gestos adecuados, la elaboración y construcción de una espacialidad diferente frente a lo establecido y que busca adecuarse a las características de la localidad, vale decir, responder a la cosmovisión mapuche, población característica de la comuna.

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Satt, Maria Henriqueta Creidy. « A construção do imaginário urbano no documentário brasileiro contemporâneo ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27153/tde-05072009-211227/.

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Este trabalho investiga documentários brasileiros contemporâneos sob a perspectiva da inscrição dos imaginários urbanos engendrados em suas formas de narrar as cidades brasileiras, convocando três filmes, realizados no século XXI: Edifício Master, Ônibus 174 e Rua de mão dupla. No desenvolvimento de nossa análise, partimos da percepção do documentário como encontro maquínico instaurador de dispositivos técnicos e conceituais, nutrindo-se de um imaginário coletivo ao mesmo tempo em que a ele incorpora-se como imagem. Posto isso, desenvolvemos a hipótese de que os dispositivos de interação empregados pelos documentaristas configuram sociabilidades documentais, moduladas em relações de proximidades e distâncias que acabam, a um só tempo, por expressar o estar junto nas imagens, bem como espelhar (e modular) o contexto de onde elas partem. Tais sociabilidades são formas de partilha e de relações narrativas que se abrem à fabulação criadora ou que, ao contrário, tentam domesticá-la em proveito de um efeito de veracidade. Com esses pressupostos, preocupamonos em analisar pormenorizadamente os três filmes acima citados, notando que as diferentes formas de sociabilidade documental acabavam por agenciar distintas inscrições do imaginário urbano brasileiro.
This thesis examines Brazilian contemporary documentaries from the perspective of the urban imaginaries insertion engendered in the form they narrate Brazilian cities, convoking three films made in the 21st century: Edifício Master, Ônibus 174 e Rua de mão dupla. In developing our analysis, our starting point is the conception of documentary film as an encounter towards camera that establishes technical and conceptual dispositives, nourishing itself from collective imaginary and at the same time incorporating itself in it as image. That stated, we develop the hypothesis that interaction dispositives employed by documentary filmmakers form documental sociabilities, modulated in their relation of proximity and distance, which not only express the beingtogether in the images, but also mirror (and modulate) the context from which they start out. These sociabilities are forms of sharing and narrative relations that open themselves to creative fabulation or that, in a contrary way, try do domesticate it in benefit of a veracity effect. Having these presuppositions in mind, our concern is to analyze in detail the three films above mentioned, noting that the different forms of documental sociability set different insertions of Brazilian urban imaginary.

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Todeschini, Filippo. « Una piattaforma collaborativa di urban-sensing basata su dispositivi android ». Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6214/.

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Rocha, Maria Isabel Costa Menezes da. « O dispositivo de pacificação dos espaços públicos urbanos através de um percurso pela Avenida Sete de Setembro ». Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2016. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/25286.

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A proposta desta tese, de entender o processo de pacificação dos espaços públicos urbanos, nasceu da inquietação a respeito das condições dadas aos pedestres de praticar a cidade, seja através do caminhar, seja por outros usos que envolvem diretamente o corpo do praticante na apreensão e na conformação do ambiente. Se, inicialmente, nos baseamos na ideia do apaziguamento de mobilidades – processo empreendido sobre o discurso de favorecer os deslocamentos lentos não-motorizados – somos confrontadas a outros processos que visam reformar a imagem de cidades, a partir do apaziguamento, mas não apenas. Partimos então em busca de uma experiência empírica que pudesse revelar a pacificação dos espaços públicos em torno de uma das mais importantes vias públicas da cidade de Salvador. A vivência cotidiana e errante (Paola Berenstein Jacques) da/na Avenida Sete de Setembro se definiu como o principal caminho para entender como as relações sociais constroem sentido junto com as ambiências urbanas, e como elas vêm a ser transformadas a partir da intervenção do poder público, visando a requalificação urbana segundo os preceitos do planejamento estratégico. Através da prática do caminhar, encontramos nesta Avenida, um campo de ampla atuação da Secretaria Municipal de Ordem Pública, produzindo ordenamentos que revelam um dispositivo de gestão de territórios, submetendo as práticas habitantes ao que se estabelece (a partir de então) como ordem. Desta forma, além de processo, entendemos a pacificação (ou ordenamento) como dispositivo de poder (Michel Foucault), pois articula elementos diversos – desde o discurso da sustentabilidade (no qual se encontra o apaziguamento de mobilidades), às questões sobre a estética urbana, políticas de segurança pública, promoção do turismo, etc.. Assim, nos disponibilizamos a uma contaminação afetiva (Felix Guattari) afim de apreender o dispositivo pacificador através do percurso na Avenida Sete, observando igualmente os aspectos históricos que ela nos revela, nos falando sobre outros dispositivos, outras pacificações, mas, sobretudo sobre os muitos outros sujeitos (Ana Clara Torres Ribeiro) que agem a pesar de e em relação ao dispositivo, reinventando sua existência cotidianamente.
Résumé La proposition de cette thèse, de comprendre le processus de pacification des espaces publics urbains, est neé de l’inquiétation su les conditions données aux piétons pour pratiquer la ville, soit par la marche, soit par d'autres usages qui impliquent directement le corps du praticien dans l’appréhention et dans la conformation de l'environnement. Si, dans un premier temps, nous nous appuyons sur l'idée de l'apaisement des mobilités – processus entrepris sur le discours de promouvoir des déplacements lents non motorisés – nous sommes confrontés, après, à d'autres processus qui visent réformer l'image des villes, à partir de l'apaisement, mais pas seulement. Nous sommes partis, alors, à la recherche d'une expérience empirique qui puisse révéler la pacification des espaces publics autour de l'une des plus importantes artères de la ville de Salvador. L'expérience quotidienne et errante (Paola Berenstein Jacques) de/ sur l'Avenida Sete de Setembro s’est défini comme le principal chemin por comprendre comment les rapports sociaux construissent du sens dans et avec les ambiances urbaines. Par ailleurs, nous nous interogeons comment ces ambiances sont transformés à partir de l'intervention du pouvoir public, visant à la rénovation urbaine selon les principes de la planification stratégique. Grâce à la pratique de la marche, nous trouvons dans cette Avenue, un vaste champ de l’action du Sécretariat Municipal de l’Ordre Publique – Secretaria Municipal de Ordem Pública. La SEMOP opère en produisant des nouveaux ordonnements et en soumettant les pratiques habitants à ce qui est établi, alors, comme l'ordre; ce qui révèle un dispositif de gestion de territoires. Ainsi, en plus de comprendre la pacification (ou l’ordonnement) comme un processus, nous le comprennons aussi en tant que dispositif de pouvoir (Michel Foucault), vu qu’il articule des éléments divers – dès le discours concernant la durabilité (dan lequel se trouve aussi l'apaisement des mobilités), jusq’aux questions sur l'esthétique urbaine , les politiques de sécurité publique, la promotion du tourisme, etc.. Dans cette voie, nous nous sommes disponibilisés à une contamination affective (Felix Guattari) afin de saisir le dispositif pacificateur à travers le parcours sur l’Avenida Sete, en notant également les aspects historiques qu'il nous révèle. L’avenue nous parle, de cette manière, sur d'autres dispositifs, d’autres pacifications qu’elle a connu dans l’histoire, mais nous parle surtout des plusieurs autres sujets (Ana Clara Torres Ribeiro) qui agissent, et ont toujous agi, en dépit de et en relation avec le dispositif, en réinventant leurs existences quotidiennement.
Abstract The proposal of this thesis, to understand the pacification process of the urban public spaces, was born from our concern about the conditions given to pedestrians to practice the city, either by walking, or for other uses that directly involve the body of the practitioner in the apprehension and shaping of the environment. If initially we rely on the idea of mobilityappeasement – process undertaken on the idea of promoting decelerated non-motorized displacements – we are confronted to other processes aiming to reform the image of cities, starting from appeasement, but not only. Then, we set off in the search of an empirical experience that could reveal the pacification of public spaces around one of the most important thoroughfares of the city of Salvador. The daily life of/at Sete de Setembro Avenue defined itself as the main way to understand how the social relations construct meaning with urban ambiences, and how they come to be transformed by government interventions, aiming the urban renewal by following the principles of strategic planning. Through the practice of walking we find at this avenue a field of wide action of the Municipal Department of Public Order, producing regulations that reveal a territory management despositif, subjecting inhabitant practices to what is established (from then) as order. Thus, beyond process, we understand the pacification (or ordering) as a power dispositif (Michel Foucault), since it articulates various elements - from the rhetoric of sustainability (which includes the mobility appeasement), to questions about the urban aesthetics, public security policies, tourism promotion, etc. So, we open ourselves to an affective contamination (Felix Guattari) in order to grasp the dipositif of pacification through the pathway at Sete de Setembro Avenue, also noting the historical aspects that it reveals to us, speaking to us about other dispositifs, other pacifications, but mainly, about many other subjects (Ana Clara Torres Ribeiro) who act in spite of and in relation to the dispositif, reinventing their lives daily.

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Cardoso, Sandro Ouriques. « Ações-dispositivo : estratégias de intervenção política no espaço público ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/133187.

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A presente pesquisa se estabelece junto a um processo investigativo que inter-relaciona prática artística e produção textual. Consiste na reflexão produzida a partir da realização de três proposições no campo da intervenção urbana desenvolvidas entre 2013 e 2015 nas cidades de Porto Alegre/RS, Juazeiro do Norte/CE e Caxias do Sul/RS. Toma como fio condutor a análise de trabalhos instaurados a partir de e em relação a monumentos públicos e equipamentos urbanos associados a imagens e objetos cotidianos. Ao se inscreverem no espaço público, essas práticas artísticas evidenciam problemáticas específicas desse lugar atravessado por diversos agenciamentos e tensões e que demanda constantes reelaborações de métodos e de posicionamentos pelo artista-pesquisador. Compreendidos como ações-dispositivo, esses trabalhos se propõem como ações políticas ao evidenciar a importância das formas de inserção contextual e das relações estabelecidas entre público e obra em práticas de intervenção urbana. Como desdobramento, a análise aborda questões relacionadas ao estatuto da imagem fotográfica enquanto registro processual que articula noções de obra e documento.
This research is established as an investigation process that relates artistic practice and textual production. It consists of a reflection upon three propositions on the field of urban intervention that were developed between 2013 and 2015 in the cities of Porto Alegre/RS, Juazeiro do Norte/CE and Caxias do Sul/RS. Its core is the analysis of works that are made on and in relation to public monuments and urban equipments associated to images and everyday objects. When inscribed in the public space, these artistic practices make evident some specific typical problems of this space, which is crossed by various kinds of intermediations and tensions. It demands, therefore, constant changes in methods and position takings by the artist-researcher. Understood as device-actions, these works are political actions for their capacity of making evident the importance of contextual insertion ways and of the relations established between the public and works in urban interventions. As a consequence, the analysis brings up questions related to the statute of the image as a processual register that links the notions of work and document.

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Cambone, Marie. « La médiation patrimoniale à l’épreuve du « numérique » : Analyse de dispositifs de médiation de l’espace urbain patrimonial ». Thesis, Avignon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AVIG1160/document.

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En 2010 – au début de nos recherches –, nous observions une grande effervescence autour du « numérique » dans le domaine patrimonial. Face à ce constat d’ampleur et aux discours toujours plus nombreux à son sujet, nous nous sommes interrogée sur ce que le« numérique » fait (ou ne fait pas) à l’expérience patrimoniale. Bien consciente que le changement de support n’entraîne pas nécessairement (voire rarement) des changements dans les pratiques de médiation patrimoniale, nous entendons dans cette recherche le terme numérique non pas comme la technologie numérique mais bien la notion de « numérique »en tant que phénomène social avec tout ce que ce terme véhicule comme discours,imaginaires, pratiques et horizons d’attente. Au-delà des discours portés sur la technologie,nous avons choisi d’étudier un nombre restreint de terrains (la Cité internationale universitaire de Paris et son centre de valorisation du patrimoine L/OBLIQUE ; le Mont-Royal à Montréal et Les amis de la montagne) et d’opter pour une approche socio-sémiotique. Cette thèse montre qu’une même forme, le dispositif cartographique interactif, peut proposer plusieurs logiques de médiation patrimoniale, entre médiation documentaire et médiation culturelle. Elle amène aussi à s’interroger sur une possible reconfiguration des rôles de médiateur et de visiteur en régime numérique : loin de bouleverser les fonctions et l’identité des institutions patrimoniales, les dispositifs numériques mis en œuvre dans ces deux terrains renforcent leur légitimité en tant que médiateurs culturels
At the beginning of our research in 2010, there was great interest in the advent of the digital era and its impact in the field of cultural heritage. In light of this and the increasingly numerous debates about it, we wondered what “digital phenomena” adds to (or detracts from) the cultural heritage experience. The change of support does not necessarily (rarely even) changes heritage mediation practices, therefore, for the purposes of this research, the term digital refers not to digital technology but the concept of “digital” as a social phenomenon with everything that this implies through speeches, imagination, practices and expectations. To move beyond the discussions about technology, we have chosen to study a limited number of fields (the Cité Internationale Universitaire de Paris and the Mont-Royal in Montreal) and opt for a socio-semiotic approach. This thesis shows that a same device, the interactive map, can offer multiple possibilities for cultural mediation, between documentary mediation and cultural mediation. It also calls into question a possible reconfiguration of the roles of mediator and visitor in the digital forum: far from upsetting the function and identity of heritage institutions, digital devices implemented in these two fields strengthen their legitimacy as cultural mediators

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Castro, Peralta Ernesto. « El límite como dispositivo programador ». Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/19223.

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El límite suele ser entendido como una restricción imaginaria del espacio. Su subsecuente manifestación física acoge una connotación negativa en escalas urbanas, territoriales y arquitectónicas coinvirtiéndose en escenas “espectaculares” en las cuales muchas veces la tecnología segregadora termina siendo el foco de atención antes que comprender las lógicas que permiten su existencia. El proyecto propone alejar al límite de una visión objetual. El límite es la desprogramación y los muros, rejas y otras manifestaciones son síntomas que buscan la perpetuidad inalcanzable de esta situación. Ante ello, el dispositivo programador busca una revisión multiescalar y exploratoria acerca del límite como herramienta teórica y su proyectividad. Para ello se toma como caso de estudio una de las barreras urbanas de mayor carga simbólica en la ciudad de Lima, el límite entre San Juan de Miraflores y Santiago de Surco apodado el “Muro de la Vergüenza”. Se establecen tres interpretaciones no objetuales del límite. La primera corresponde a la condición relacional y como la manipulación de los mecanismos espaciales que la avalan pueden ser catalizados para ubicarlo como ente urbano activo en su contexto. Posteriormente se revisa la condición de inestabilidad delimitante entendiendo al espacio como un territorio incierto y ajeno. Es amplificando esta incertidumbre que se pretende entender al limite como un lugar liberado cuyo reconocimiento se da mediante la percepción. Por último, la condición material de palimpsesto en la cual los intentos de fiscalizar se convierten en cicatrices en el lugar, se utiliza para un proceso degenerativo del producto arquitectónico. Se enfatiza a la ruina como marcas simbólicas de carácter memorial. La divergencia entre las operaciones de diseño compone una imagen collage en la cual producción, ocio y reflexión comparten una incomodidad orquestada revalorando al límite como un instrumento productor de espacio.

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Jalais, Savitri. « Développement des ghâts à Bénarès : dispositif architectural et espace urbain ». Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1054.

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L'image de la ville de Bénarès (Kāśī, Varanasi) est liée à son ensemble de ghāṭ – berges en forme de gradins – qui se déploie de façon monumentale sur la rive concave d'un méandre du Gange. L'aménagement de ce front d'eau s'inscrit dans un contexte culturel particulier qui nécessite un rapport de proximité avec l'eau du fleuve. La construction et le développement de ce front d'eau dans le temps et la manière composite dont les éléments architecturaux s'y sont intégrés, interrogent aujourd'hui cette grande unité urbaine qui forme un espace public de plus de 6 km de long. L'objectif de cette thèse est de comprendre les éléments qui ont concouru à la naissance et au développement de ce front. La forme architecturale et urbaine du ghāṭ est considérée comme un dispositif construit modulable adapté à un milieu fluvial, à une topographie et à des pratiques liées à la culture du lieu, qui facilite l'accès à l'eau quel que soit son niveau. M'appuyant sur des images anciennes, sur une série d'enquêtes de terrain et de relevés architecturaux, ainsi que sur des plans de travaux officiels, j'étudie les techniques de construction face aux contraintes de l'eau, j'observe et j'analyse le dialogue de cette forme de berge avec la géographie et le paysage urbain pour en mieux approcher son architecture et j'explique la matérialisation du ghāṭ par les pratiques diverses qui s'y déploient et les parcours symboliques qui y font référence. La relation toute particulière que la ville entretient avec son fleuve par l'architecture des ghāṭ explique son potentiel urbanistique inhérent à son développement dans le temps et le long de la berge
The image of Benares (Kāśī, Varanasi) is closely associated to the architecture of its riverfront composed of ghats – steps and terraces – that stretch out in a monumental way on the concave bank of a meander formed by the river Ganges. The expansion of this riverfront has to be understood in relation to a cultural tradition that demands a close proximity to the waters of the river. The construction and development of this riverfront in time and the various ways in which each architectural element is integrated with the river bank, calls into question its impressive urban unity that forms a public space extending more than 6 km. The aim of this thesis is to identify the elements that have contributed to the origin and the development of this front. The architectural and urban form of the ghat is considered as a constructed flexible device adapted to a specific river environment, a characteristic topography and to practices linked to the culture of the place, which allows for easy access to the varying levels of the river's water level. Based on pictorial archives, interviews, measure drawings done on site and on official planners' drawings, I examine the techniques of hydraulic constructions best adapted to counter the river's currents, I observe and analyze the relations between the riverbank, the geography and the urban landscape so as to better approach the ghats' architecture and I explain the materialization of the ghat through the diverse practices and the symbolic trajectories that surround it. The particular relation that the city entertains with its river, through the architecture of ghats, explains its urban potential inherent to its development in time and space i.e. along its river bank

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CESARO, GIORGIA. « Machine à émouvoir. Kazuō Shinohara e i dispositivi dell’inatteso ». Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/286426.

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La cultura nipponica antica (e forsanche attuale) è tradizionalista per definizione: nulla può esistere al mondo, nel senso più ampio del termine, se non ripete modelli antichi. Così, la forma, le proporzioni, le misure stesse di una stanza del tè, di un giardino buddhista, di un gesto teatrale o di una terzina poetica sono costruite con soggetti e secondo regole precise, codificate dai trattati e dalla consuetudine. Dopo la codificazione, in teoria, nessun mutamento, cioè nessuna innovazione, può essere possibile. Eppure le cose non sono andate e non vanno così: la stessa civiltà, le stesse opere offrono l’esempio di una creatività sfavillante e sottilmente raffinata. Si impone allora una domanda: se tutto nella cultura nipponica è prefissato dalla tradizione e l’artista – poeta, attore, architetto – è divenuto tale imparando a fare l’artista, come un artigiano che ha appreso un mestiere, allora l’intera produzione è condannata a rimanere un mero formalismo, spesso particolarmente sofisticato, ma freddo e ripetitivo? In altre parole: dove risiede l’originalità formale in cui indubbiamente gli artisti gareggiano? Il processo di animazione dello spazio artistico, tra elaborazione del passato e progettazione del futuro? Per rispondere la ricerca ha assunto come ambito temporale di riferimento il tema della ricostruzione della città, dalla Seconda Guerra Mondiale fino a oggi, e come ambito formale il rapporto fra “tradizione” e “innovazione”, tra “continuità” e “sperimentazione” nell’opera dell’architetto giapponese Kazuō Shinohara (1925-2006). Un lavoro, quello del “maestro” Shinohara, che è stato volto ad affermare l’importanza dello spazio domestico come forma specifica di riscoperta e ricostituzione del senso fondamentale dell’uomo; vale a dire la realizzazione della realtà unitaria della sua vita tra corpo, mente e psiche. Così l’architettura diviene una forma capace di racchiudere in sé un’energia vitale, uno spazio ove basta un riflesso per animare un intero scenario, per trasfigurare un insieme monotono e persino desolato in un balenare vivo e inatteso.

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Brayer, Laure. « Dispositifs filmiques et paysage urbain : la transformation ordinaire des lieux à travers le film ». Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENH008/document.

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Partant d'une considération sur le paysage configuré au quotidien par les pratiques individuelles et collectives qu'il accueille et qui lui donnent forme, ce travail de thèse en architecture s'intéresse à la transformation ordinaire des lieux et interroge les manières dont nous pouvons l'appréhender pour penser leur devenir. Comment prendre en compte la dynamique de l'ambiance pour penser la conception d'un lieu ? Cette recherche interroge dans ce sens la portée du film (comme médium, comme pratique et dans sa réception) dans ce qu'il permet de comprendre de la transformation ordinaire des lieux. Il s'agit ainsi de questionner les potentialités des images audiovisuelles quant à la perception, la représentation et la conception partagée d'espaces publics urbains. En quoi et comment le film peut-il permettre de saisir les états et transitions des relations entre espace et corps percevants autant que pratiquants ? Pour cela, un protocole méthodologique croisé, à l'écoute d'une hétérogénéité des usages du film dans la compréhension et la constitution du fait urbain, a donné lieu à la construction et à l'analyse de quatre corpus de travail : 1. Recueil et sélection de films existants ; 2. Observation et suivi d'une mission vidéo dans un cadre opérationnel ; 3. Réalisation d'un film de commande ; 4. Expérimentation pédagogique auprès d'étudiants en architecture. Ces quatre corpus considèrent à plusieurs égards la problématique de la fabrication de films : statut et enjeu du recours au film, engagement dans le terrain (dans l'espace, le temps et la relation à l'Autre) par la pratique filmique, postures filmiques et rapports au monde. Notre recherche soulève, dans un second temps, la question de la réception filmique. C'est ainsi à partir d'une expérience d'audio-vision collective que le film devient le support d'un dialogue entre différents interlocuteurs conviés à mettre en partage et en débat leurs expériences. La pluralité des registres mis au travail au cours de la réception des films et de leur discussion (à savoir le sensible, le perceptif, l'interprétatif, le critique et le créatif) devient le support à l'élaboration d'un commun. De ces considérations sur la portée du film émerge en toile de fond l'importance du sensible et de l'improvisation collective dans l'appréhension et la conception de l'espace public urbain
Starting from a consideration of the landscape, as it is configured daily by individual and collective practices which are supported by the landscape and from which the landscape is being shaped, this PhD thesis in architecture focuses on the ordinary transformation of places and questions the ways through which we can understand it in order to think out the becoming of these places. How can we take into account the dynamic of the ambiance in order to think about the design of a place? In that perspective, this research questions the scope of film (as a medium, as a practice and in its reception): what does filming allow us to understand of the ordinary transformation of places? This work investigates the potential of audiovisual images in terms of perception, representation and shared designing of urban public spaces. How can film facilitate the understanding of the states and transitions of the relationship between space and bodies – considering that bodies perceive and act at the same time? In order to study that question, a specific methodological protocol, open to heterogeneous uses of film for the understanding and the designing of cities, was worked out. It led us to the analysis of four frameworks: 1. Collecting and selecting existing films; 2. Observing a video project within the context of an urban study; 3. Filmmaking; 4. Experimenting film practice with architecture students. These four frameworks address the question of filmmaking in different ways: status and stakes of the use of film, involvement in fieldwork through film practice (involvement in space, in time and in relation with others), film postures and relations to the world. Secondly, our research raises the question of film reception. It is, then, from a collective experience of reception that film becomes the base of a dialogue between people who are invited to share and debate about their own experiences. The plurality of registers coming from the film reception and its discussion (what is sensible, perceptive, interpretive, critical and creative) becomes the base to work out a common design. From these considerations of the scope of film, it appears in the background that the sensible register and collective improvisations are of paramount importance in the understanding and designing of urban public spaces

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Costa, Daniel de Lucca Reis. « A rua em movimento - experiências urbanas e jogos sociais em torno da população de rua ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8134/tde-20122007-140625/.

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Partindo da hipótese de que a população de rua, tal como é concebida hoje, não existiu desde sempre, o objetivo deste trabalho é interrogar parcialmente os jogos de relações que definem este fenômeno enquanto uma questão social. Isto através de três perspectivas fundamentais: sua constituição histórica, sua contestação política e sua regulação institucional. Para tal, utilizo-me do conceito foucaultiano de dispositivo, de modo a tratar esta realidade como efeito de correlações dinâmicas entre agentes, discursos e instituições, estrategicamente situadas no centro da cidade de São Paulo. No primeiro capítulo, busco, através de trajetórias entrecruzadas de atores diretamente envolvidos com o tema, traçar a trama de uma história capaz de expor o nascimento da população de rua como questão social, bem como delinear seu campo de aparição. No segundo capítulo, através de uma cadeia de cinco mobilizações sociais, apresento rituais políticos capazes de exporem as dimensões públicas e conflituosas do fenômeno, assim como o campo de forças em que este se situa, dando especial destaque para os modos no qual o Movimento Nacional da População de Rua (MNPR) elabora um discurso sobre si frente a outras alteridades políticas. No terceiro e último capítulo, apresento a população de rua como um problema de gestão e segurança, descrevendo alguns componentes da rede de atendimento e proteção deste contingente, destacando a importância do albergue nesta composição, e problematizando etnograficamente os usos destes equipamentos institucionais. Entende-se, neste trabalho, que a definição do fenômeno população de rua é um objeto provisório, foco de múltiplos agenciamentos urbanos, e cujo contorno constitui-se como o alvo privilegiado dos questionamentos que o presente estudo busca interrogar.
This study works from the hypothesis that the homeless population (população de rua) of São Paulo, today considered a problem in terms of its growth and control, has not always been considered in these terms. The study seeks, therefore, to interrogate the sets of relations that define this phenomenon as a social question. This approach is developed through three central perspectives: the historical formation of this population, the political conflicts that surround it and its institutional regulation. To this end, the Foucaultian concept of dispositif is considered as a way of treating this reality as the consequence of dynamic correlations between agents, discourses and institutions, strategically situated in the centre of the city of São Paulo. In chapter one, the history of the appearance of the homeless population as a social question is explored through a series of intertwined trajectories of individuals and organizations directly involved with this issue. In chapter 2, through the analysis of a sequence of five political protests, the study explores the ways in which political rituals expose the public and conflictive dimensions of this phenomenon, as well as the political context in which it is situated, with particular emphasis on the ways in which the National Movement of the Homeless Population (Movimento Nacional da População de Rua) elaborates its discourse in dialogue with other political entities. In the third and last chapter of this study, the homeless population is considered as a management and security problem. This chapter describes some of the components of the network of assistance and protection services offered to the homeless, highlighting among these the importance of the hostel, and exploring, from an ethnographic perspective, the uses of these institutional services. This study considers the definition of the phenomenon of homelessness as a provisional object, the focus of a multitude of urban agencies whose configurations represent the field of reference that this study seeks to explore.

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Lapenna, Annarita. « Le dispositif intermilieux : mode de culture du projet urbain ouvert : enquête sur des espaces végétalisés à Milan (1953-2016) ». Thesis, Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080065.

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L’espace urbain s’avère être un système complexe grâce aux interactions entre les composants de chaque milieu. L’homme n’est qu’un des multiples éléments de ce système mais il assume, en même temps, une posture singulière face aux autres composantes du fait de sa capacité à imaginer le futur. Cette condition lui a permis, à travers des outils de projection, d’orienter les transformations des milieux qu’il habite en décidant d’y soutenir ou d’y nier ces interactions. Pendant le XXème siècle, l’espace urbain de la ville européenne a été transformé à travers des projets urbains incarnant une idée de liberté. A partir de ces projets, l’espace urbain paraît subir des dissociations entre les acteurs, entre les outils de projection et le territoire et, enfin, entre les espaces physiques. Les résultats de processus de dissociations semblent être des espaces-fissures capables de faire émerger des métamorphoses par adaptation des milieux. Si la figure de l’intermilieux représente ces régénérations métaphysiques et physiques de la ville, le dispositif intermilieux en décrit l’approche opérationnelle basée sur le partage et l’expérimentation du projet urbain ouvert. La ville de Milan représente un champ d’investigation passionnant à cet égard. L’enquête menée dans ce territoire, la confrontation avec les acteurs impliqués, l’observation directe des lieux et de leur condition spatiale ont permis de faire émerger la diversification des expérimentations. Si in-situ, le dispositif intermilieux s’adapte en produisant des projets urbains ouverts, une contamination vertueuse se réalise entre ces projets en générant des réseaux trans-situ, des constellations cartographiques
Urban space proves to be a complex system thanks to the interactions between the various components of each environment. Man is only one of the many elements of this system, but at the same time he assumes a singular position against the other components because of his ability to imagine the future. This condition allows him, through projection tools, to guide the transformations of the environments he inhabits by deciding to support or deny these interactions. During the twentieth century, the urban space of the European city was transformed through urban projects embodying an idea of freedom. From these projects, the urban space seems to undergo dissociations between the actors, between the projection tools and the territory and, finally, between the physical spaces. The results of dissociation processes seem to be fissured spaces capable of bringing about a metamorphosis through the adaptation of the environment. If the figure of the intermilieux represents these metaphysical and physical regenerations of the city, the intermilieux apparatus describes the operational approach based on the sharing and the experimentation of the open urban project. Milan is an exciting field of investigation in this respect. The survey conducted in this territory, the confrontation with the actors involved, and the direct observation of the places and their spatial condition, made it possible to bring out the diversification of the experiments. If in-situ, the intermilieux apparatus adapts itself by producing open urban projects, a virtuous contamination is realized between these projects and these transformations by generating trans-situ networks, the cartographic constellations

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El, Mnasfi Mustapha. « Les dispositifs institutionnels dans les politiques de lutte contre l’exclusion urbaine - Le cas des dispositifs participatifs dans le PNRU en France et dans l’INDH en milieu urbain au Maroc : Approche comparative entre deux métropoles françaises (Lille et Amiens) et deux métropoles marocaines (Rabat et Casablanca) ». Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VERS016S/document.

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L’objectif de ce travail est de chercher à comprendre comment des dispositifs participatifs génèrent des effets au niveau de la relation entre les représentants des pouvoirs publics et les représentants associatifs mobilisés autour des dispositifs mis en place dans le cadre du « Programme national de rénovation urbaine » en France et de l’« Initiative nationale pour le développement humain en milieu urbain » au Maroc. Cela permet de comprendre les points communs et divergents entre les deux cas étudiés.Cette recherche s’appuie sur le recueil d’environ 70 entretiens semi-directifs. Ceux-ci ont été réalisés avec des acteurs publics et associatifs impliqués dans le « PNRU » en France et dans l’« INDH en milieu urbain » au Maroc.Cette thèse montre que les dispositifs participatifs mis en œuvre dans le cadre du Programme national de rénovation urbaine et de l’INDH en milieu urbain, contribuent à transformer la relation entre les représentants des pouvoirs publics et les représentants associatifs. Ces dispositifs ont donné lieu à l’émergence de « professionnels » de la participation. L’enquête montre par ailleurs que les pouvoirs publics utilisent les ressources associatives pour produire de l’action publique dans les quartiers populaires. Dans ce cadre, les acteurs associatifs accomplissent des actions qui devraient être réalisées par des agents publics
The objective of the present work is to understand the impact of participative mechanisms at the level of relationship between representatives of public authorities and representatives of the civil society mobilized around the procedures set up within the framework of the « National Urban Renewal Program » (NURP) in France and of the « National Initiative for Human Development » (NIHD) in urban areas in Morocco. This will enable us to elucidate the convergences and divergences between the two cases.The data of this research is based on 70 semi-structured interviews. They were conducted with public actors and members of the civil society involved in the « NURP » in France and the « NIHD in urban areas » in Morocco.In this dissertation I argue that the participative mechanisms implemented within the framework of the NURP and the NIHD in urban areas contribute to the transformation of the relationship between representatives of the public authorities and the association’s representatives. These mechanisms gave rise to the emergence of "professionals" of participation. The survey also argues that authorities use the associative resources to produce public action in working class districts. In this context, the associative actors carry out actions which should have been accomplished by public agents

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Gatta, Federica. « (Contre)pouvoirs urbains ? : une critique des dispositifs non-institutionnels de l’aménagement urbain dans les transformations du Nord-Est de la métropole parisienne ». Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100164.

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De quelle manière l’urbanisme opérationnel se confronte-t-il aux les évolutions contemporaines des mouvements urbains de contestation et des rhétoriques politiques sur le développement durable et participatif ? Cette thèse part du constat d’un processus d’institutionnalisation en cours depuis les années 1970 de plusieurs mouvements sociaux et critiques de l’urbanisme promouvant la place des citadins dans la construction de la ville. Ce processus est analysé et situé à travers une ethnographie menée dans le contexte emblématique des transformations récentes du Nord-Est de la métropole parisienne. Le pari de ce travail est de mettre en place une observation de situations d’interaction entre groupes d’acteurs qui sont généralement regardés séparément : les associations impliquées dans des processus de concertation, les groupes engagés dans l’occupation d’espaces en friche, les décideurs et techniciens des grands projets d’aménagement urbain, les collectifs d’artistes et architectes promouvant l’art urbain et la participation. À travers l’analyse des justifications et des (més)ententes que ces acteurs mobilisent dans la négociation autour des projets en cours, ce qui se profile est la naissance de formes de contre-pouvoirs instituées. Ces dernières sont encadrées dans des dispositifs qui agissent sur la valorisation de l’incertitude dans les imaginaires urbains, sur l’affirmation ambiguë de la catégorie de l’« habitant » comme sujet-objet de la transformation et sur la construction de temporalités intercalaires et événementielles comme nouveaux paradigmes de la planification. Ce qui résulte de notre analyse est un questionnement autour des convergences entre autogestion libertaire et néolibéralisme urbain, et autour du rapport entre urbanisme technique et critique urbaine
In which way is urbanism confronting both the evolution taking place in contemporary urban movements and the simultaneous growth of political rhetoric concerning sustainable, participatory development? The present thesis stems from the observation of an ongoing process of institutionalization, begun in the seventies, of social movements and critical theories that emphasize the role and importance of city residents in the construction of their city. This process is analyzed through an ethnography conducted in the Parisian northeastern metropolitan area, thus situating it in an illustrative context of significant recent transformation. The challenge of this work is in studying a number of situations in which actors who are generally considered separately, interact: organizations involved in the development of communal urban participation, groups actively occupying abandoned urban spaces, the technicians and decision-makers of large-scale renovation projects, collectives of artists and architects advocating urban art and participation. Through an analysis of the explanations and (mis)understandings these actors use and reach while discussing projects in progress, what appears is a specific form of control of social counter-powers. This process is framed by apparatus attributing value to the idea of uncertainty in the urban imagination, asserting the “inhabitant” as an ambiguous subject-object of urban transformation, conceiving the intermittent progression of events and temporalities as a new paradigm of urban planning. What follows from this analysis is a questioning into where libertarian self-governance and urban neoliberalism converge, and into the evolving relationship between technical and critical urbanism

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Chou, Ivone. « Dispositifs techniques et ségrégations urbaines, le cas de l’éclairage urbain à Rio de Janeiro ». Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0109/document.

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La nuit ainsi que la favela sont des termes chargés d’ambiguïté, de discours contradictoires et de fantasmes qui imprègnent notre imaginaire. La nuit s’associe à la convivialité, à l’inspiration, à la fête. Mais à côté de la ville lumière, la nuit conserve sa part d’ombre, qui fonde un imaginaire collectif empreint de peurs susceptibles de renforcer les stigmates d'un territoire indésirable : la favela. Au regard de la conception et d’usages de l’espace urbain de Rio de Janeiro, les connaissances paraissent faibles concernant l’impact réel des actions menées en matière d’éclairage, sur la qualification, la perception et l’identité de la ville nocturne. Les mécanismes susceptibles de stimuler la ségrégation, ainsi que la fusion de différents espaces de la ville selon l’accès ou pas aux services d’éclairage public sont inconnus. L’originalité de ce travail réside dans l’analyse des enjeux sociaux de la lumière, pour comprendre la fragmentation urbaine. Un élément remarquable du paysage carioca est la distribution hétérogène des points lumineux dans le tissu urbain. La ségrégation de proximité entre quartiers et favelas, ont suscité chez nous des réflexions sur le rôle de la lumière comme indicateur de justice ou marqueur d’injustice dans l’espace urbain. C’est dans ce contexte que nous avons initié notre recherche, en nous centrant sur la question sociale, sur les effets des actions d’éclairage distinctes entre les beaux quartiers et les favelas, et sur la manière dont différentes populations les interprètent, les perçoivent, et les vivent. A partir d’analyses de cas des quartiers de Botafogo, Copacabana et Ipanema, ainsi que des favelas Santa Marta, Cantagalo et Pavão-Pavãozinho, nous procédons à l’analyse de la ségrégation de proximité et sur le rôle social de la lumière. La représentation d'opposition entre la lumière/l’ombre, le bien/le mal, s'emmêlent dans l'identification et l'expression des représentations de la nuit urbaine. Ces conflits et la complexité du paysage urbain nocturne de Rio en font un sujet singulier
The night and the favela are complimentary when talking about of ambiguity, contradictory discourses and fantasies that pervade our imagination. The night is associated itself with usability, inspiration and party. But, next to the city of light, the night shows its dark side, which is based on a collective imagination, full of fears which strengthen the stigma of an undesirable territory: the favela. In relation to the design and uses of urban space in Rio de Janeiro, knowledge appears incomplete when analyzing the real impact of actions carried out in terms of lighting, the qualification, the perception and the identity of the city by night. The mechanisms that can stimulate the segregation and merge different spaces in the city, according of access or not to the public lighting services, are unknown. The originality of this work relies on the analysis of social issues of light, to understand urban fragmentation. A remarkable feature of the carioca landscape is the heterogeneous distribution of the points of light in the urban landscape. The proximity between neighborhoods and favelas, have prompted reflections on the role of the light as justice indicator or marker of injustice in the urban space. In this context we initiated our research by focusing on the social question, the lighting effects of distinct actions between the wealthy neighborhoods and favelas, and how different individuals interpret, perceive and live there. From the case analysis of neighborhoods of Botafogo, Copacabana and Ipanema, as well the favelas Santa Marta, Cantagalo and Pavão-Pavãozinho, we proceeded to analyze the segregation of proximity and the social role of the light. The representation of opposition between light/shadow, good/bad, becomes entangled in the identification and representative expressions of urban night. These embedded conflicts and the complexity of the urban landscape make the whole a singular subject

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Longchamps, Jean. « Pré-dimensionnement du dispositif de stockage énergétique d'un autobus de transport urbain ». Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27831/27831.pdf.

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Les autobus de transport urbain sillonnent nos routes depuis fort longtemps. Des moyens de transport à la fois fiables et économiques, ces véhicules se sont imposés dans de nombreuses villes pour assurer le transport des passagers. Malheureusement, les émissions de polluants sans cesse croissantes liées à la combustion de l’essence de ces engins, les autorités gouvernementales ont dû adopter des réformes du secteur du transport de sorte que de plus en plus de solutions de rechange soient proposées. Dans ce contexte, les autobus électriques ont été récemment ciblés comme des alternatives viables et prometteuses pour réduire les émissions de polluants dans les villes. Étant donné l’émergence de ce type d’autobus, on s’intéresse de plus en plus à la manière dont on devrait dimensionner ses principaux composants tels que son moteur et sa source d’énergie. Le travail présenté dans ce mémoire s’inscrit dans le cadre du développement d’un outil qui permet à un utilisateur d’avoir une idée des dimensions de la source d’énergie ainsi que du moteur électrique de l’autobus. L’outil permet entre autres de déterminer les paramètres dimensionnels de l’autobus qui reflètent le choix des performances dynamiques du véhicule. En dérivant les équations mathématiques qui gouvernent le comportement de l’autobus, on peut développer un outil de calcul logiciel. En configurant cet outil conformément aux besoins d’une étude dimensionnelle, on arrive à proposer des designs d’autobus qui répondent à différentes situations d’utilisation. Après analyse des résultats de plus de 150 simulations, on peut démontrer que le dimensionnement de la source dépend essentiellement du choix du type de batteries, de l’autonomie ciblée et du profil de conduite utilisé par l’autobus. D’autres résultats démontrent que l’utilisation de la source pour subvenir aux besoins en énergie du système de chauffage de l’autobus en saison hivernale est peu recommandable. En effet, dans presque tous les cas, l’apport en énergie de chauffage correspond à la moitié de l’énergie disponible de la source. Enfin, on peut montrer que l’utilisation combinée des supercapacités et des batteries, pour de faibles autonomies, permet de réduire davantage la masse de la source nécessaire pour répondre aux critères de performances.
Urban transit buses have furrowed our roads for a long time now. Both reliable and economical, these vehicles have become one of the most popular mean of transportation to commute passengers throughout entire cities. Unfortunately, the ever-increasing emissions of pollutants caused by the burning of gasoline of these buses, have urged the government authorities to take due reforms in the transport sector so that more and more alternatives are proposed. In this context, the electric buses have recently been identified as viable and promising alternative for reducing emissions of pollutants in cities. Since the technology behind the electrification of urban buses is still young, there is a growing interest on how we should scale its main components such as its engine and its power source. The work presented in this paper contributes in the development of a tool that allows a user to have an idea on the size of the energy source and the electric motor of the bus. The tool allows among others to determine the dimensional parameters of the bus that reflect the choice of vehicle dynamic performance. In deriving the mathematical equations that govern the behavior of the bus, one can develop simulation tool software. By configuring the tool according to the needs of a dimensional study, we come to offer bus designs that meet different situations of use. After analyzing the results from more than 150 simulations, we can show that the size of the energy source depends essentially on the choice of battery type, autonomy target and driving cycle used by the bus. Other results show that the use of the source to meet the energy needs of the heating system of the bus in winter is not advisable. Indeed, in almost all cases, the amount of energy used from heating corresponds approximately to half the available energy source. Finally, we can show that the combined use of supercapacitors and batteries, for low autonomy targets, further reduces the dimensions of the source needed to meet performance criteria.

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Sklar, Susan. « The Massachusetts College of Art disposition case : evaluating state and community roles ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77330.

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Lew-Hailer, Lillian. « Low income housing tax credit properties : non-profit disposition strategies in the Commonwealth ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40126.

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Thesis (M.C.P. and S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2007.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 104-107).
This thesis examines how non-profit owners in Massachusetts have maintained affordability and ownership of Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) properties after the initial fifteen-year compliance period, at the lowest possible cost. The intent is two-fold: to inform non-profit project sponsors about strategies leading to low-cost outcomes, and to advocate for policies that promote such low-cost outcomes. The impacts of the players in LIHTC deals, Massachusetts state policy, the original capital structure, and legal partnership arrangements on the strategies that non-profit owners can pursue to maintain control of tax credit properties are considered. Specific outcomes described include bargain sale and charitable contribution, debt-plus-taxes or right of first refusal, and transfer of the limited partnership interest. Themes include the tension between for- and non-profit partners, public and private interests, and federal and state policies. Because the LIHTC is administered on a state-by-state basis, the Massachusetts regulatory environment and state housing resources play a central role in shaping disposition outcomes in the Commonwealth.
(cont.) This thesis looks at how the recent lack of recapitalization funding for LIHTC properties has revealed an opportunity for the Commonwealth to improve the existing HUD preservation paradigm. Massachusetts' previous policies and current political environment create an opportunity for the state to promote new model of preservation that breaks from the federal paradigm of prodigal public payments to investors. I recommend that the Commonwealth prevents original, private investors from receiving additional public subsidy at the back end of LIHTC deals by separating the disposition and recapitalization of properties.
by Lillian Lew-Hailer.
M.C.P.and S.B.

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Mendes, Ana Luisa Cronemberger Maia. « O potencial da realidade aumentada para dispositivos móveis no Brasil como recurso de interatividade no espaço urbano ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16134/tde-29102015-100839/.

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Vivenciamos um processo de virtualização do espaço e de sua transformação em fluxos de informação. As cidades contemporâneas estão repletas de ondas eletromagnéticas que atravessam os ambientes, formando uma trama invisível aos olhos. Os universos urbano e informacional, formados por esta \"trama\", estão cada vez mais indissociáveis, criando uma espacialidade híbrida. A infiltração de tecnologias que ampliam nossas capacidades comunicativas, cognitivas e interativas ocorre de forma tão intrínseca que não nos damos conta desta infiltração. Nesse contexto, surgiu a Realidade Aumentada (RA), cujo objetivo é a imersão do usuário num ambiente real, enriquecido com elementos virtuais. O surgimento dos dispositivos móveis contribuiu para a busca da ubiquidade computacional, permitindo a manutenção de um estado de comunicação e conexão permanentes, enquanto o indivíduo desloca-se para suas atividades. A popularização destes dispositivos torna a RA mais próxima do usuário comum, possibilitando sua aplicação em situações cotidianas - e em sua própria relação com a cidade, o recorte proposto por este estudo. Sob o enfoque da vivência do espaço urbano brasileiro a partir de sistemas móveis de RA, buscou-se levantar, triar e analisar um conjunto representativo de aplicativos que possuem tais recursos, verificando sua forma de interatividade e construindo um panorama de como a RA para dispositivos móveis é proporcionada no Brasil, suas contribuições para as relações da população com a cidade e para o campo do design, apontando potencialidades. Esta análise permitirá aos profissionais a ampliação de seus repertórios, incentivando o surgimento de novas possibilidades de uso.
We have been experiencing a virtualization process when it comes to spaces and information flow. Contemporary cities are filled with electromagnetic waves that cross different environments and create a web that is invisible to the eye. The urban and informational universes formed by these webs are becoming increasingly inseparable, creating a sort of hybrid spatiality. The infiltration of technologies that are able to expand our capabilities regarding communication, cognition and interaction occurs in such an intrinsic way that we don\'t even notice it. It was amidst this context that Augmented Reality (AR) came to light. Its objective is the immersion of the user in a real environment, enriched with virtual elements. The appearance of mobile devices contributed for the search of computational ubiquity, allowing the conservation of a state of permanent communication and connection while people move into their activities. The popularization of such devices makes AR closer to the ordinary users, enabling it to be applied in everyday situations and also influence their relationship with the city, which is the focus proposed by this study. Focusing on Brazilian urban space experience through mobile systems of AR, it was sought to raise, trial and analyze a representative set of apps that possess such resources, verifying its interactivity and building an outlook on how mobile devices AR is provided in Brazil, its contributions to the relationship between citizens and city, and lastly, to the Design field - pointing out potentials. This analysis will allow professionals to widen their repertoire, encouraging the appearance of new usage possibilities.

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Stalevska, Maja. « Urban Segregation and the Paradigm of Security - A Discourse Analysis of Swedish Urban Policies ». Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21383.

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The aim of this thesis is to explore the modalities of Swedish urban policy in its approach to urban segregation. By using a diachronic discourse analytic approach inspired by Foucault, I attempt to reconstruct the narrative of urban policy by looking at the problematizations of urban phenomena in urban programmes extending over the course of two decades. With respect to situating urban policy between the material realities of the spaces it seeks to address and the political rationalities that underline their framing in policies, I have used Foucault’s concepts of governmentality and dispositif. The overarching goal of this study is to demonstrate the contentious nature of policy decisions which have been informed by the material realities of segregated areas as much as they have been informed by dominant socio-political and economic narratives under which the rhetoric construct of ‘breaking segregation’ (Andersson, 2006) has been subsumed. The study shows that policy decisions are often submerged in the “truth effects” of discourses established well beyond the boundaries of concentrated urban poverty, such as narratives of flows and mobility, sustainable development or economic growth - which in turn significantly affect the policy interpretation of phenomena such as poverty, urban crime and ethnic polarization.

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Melo, Tatiane Alves de. « O dispositivo socioeducação na inclusão e exclusão da criminalidade : histórias de vida ». Mestrado em Administração, 2016. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/5586.

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A história da prisão e seus efeitos visíveis evidenciam o imenso fracasso da justiça penal, e o encarceramento como técnica corretiva ou detenção punitiva, são rememorados por formulações inalteradas com o passar dos séculos. Nesse sentido, o tratamento tutelar realizado pelo Estado para privar o adolescente “desviante” do convívio social, equipara-se aos objetivos prisionais. A socioeducação, em especial as medidas socioeducativas de internação, é um processo, uma tentativa de ressocialização do indivíduo que praticou condutas antissociais. Destarte, o objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar a atuação da socioeducação como dispositivo de inclusão e exclusão na criminalidade a partir das histórias de vida de um ex-interno do Sistema Socioeducativo da Região Sudeste do Brasil. A proposta metodológica escolhida fundamenta-se numa perspectiva dialógica, no recolhimento em história de vida ou método biográfico como um caminho trilhado, por uma passagem na história individual, com anseio de acessar a história coletiva. A pesquisa é de cunho qualitativo e o enfoque de análise caracterizou-se por um sujeito do sexo masculino, ex-interno do Sistema Socioeducativo da Região Sudeste do Brasil. A produção de dados realizou-se por meio de encontros e conversas que oportunizaram entrevistas em profundidade, deixando o entrevistado contar as histórias de sua vida. As histórias reladas foram analisadas por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo, criando categorias a posteriori: recruta-se sujeito delinquente; os recursos para o bom adestramento e; as facetas do labor. A estratégia de investigação desta pesquisa definiu-se como narrativa, ao solicitar que uma pessoa conte sua história de vida. A análise e categorização dos relatos foram realizadas à luz do referencial teórico, do saber científico. Tais informações foram recontadas e recriadas pela pesquisadora em uma cronologia narrativa. A partir das histórias vividas e narradas pelo sujeito, foi possível compreender a socioeducação como um dispositivo disciplinar de poder e a rede que opera na inclusão e exclusão de um indivíduo na criminalidade. Observou-se que a socioeducação como dispositivo, produz práticas discursivas que circulam e atuam em diversos lugares da sociedade, assim, inscreve-se num jogo de poder, articula estratégias de relações de forças e produz um discurso que estabelece regras de conduta para gerir a vida dos socioeducandos. De tal modo, a socioeducação produz saberes e poderes, criando subjetividades e organizando a vida social, visando consertar os sujeitos desviantes (delinquentes, infratores).
The act of detention and its visible effects reveals the immense failure on criminal justice; and the confinement as corrective treatment keeps almost immutable among the time. Logically the tutelage by the State in order to prevent the "troubled" teenager from social interaction is similar to prisional objectives. The socio-education, most precisely the detention socio-educative actions, are a process, an attempt of resocialization for those who acted with antisocial will. With that in mind, the objective of this study is the analysis of socio-education measures as a mechanism of inclusion and exclusion in criminality and delinquency using reported experiences of an ex-detainee of Sistema Socioeducativo da Região Sudeste do Brasil (Southeastern Brazil‟s Socio-Educative System). The methodology used is founded on a dialogic perspective of a shared life story, of ones path as a trail to the collective story. The research is qualitative and the analysis focus is a male subject, ex- detainee of Sistema Socioeducativo da Região Sudeste do Brasil. The data collecting was constructed with meeting interviews in which the guest told with deep level of details his life stories. The stories were examined using content analysis techniques, with post categorizing: if recruits subject delinquent; resources for proper training and; the work of the facets. The investigation strategy was narrative since asked a subject the report of his life stories. The analyzing and categorizing of the reports happened due to the theoretical basis. The information were retold and reorganized by the researcher in a narrative chronology. Using the subject‟s experiences, was possible to understand the socio-education methods as a power and authority mechanism, and also the network that includes and excludes people from criminality. It was observed that the socio-education methods generates common view knowledge that influences several groups in the society, so it is used as a mechanism of power, it creates a set of rules to drive each detainee person. As a micro-world, it creates its own knowledge, powers, social life and subjective interpretation, all with the discourse of fixing deviating people.

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Baglin, Géraldine. « Le dispositif des secteurs sauvegardés : entre valorisation et modernisation du patrimoine urbain : étude du cœur historique de la ville de Vitré ». Thesis, Rennes 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN20017.

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Le dispositif des secteurs sauvegardés, créé par la « Loi Malraux » en 1962, avait pour ambition non seulement d’assurer la conservation des ensembles architecturaux historiques mais aussi de leur redonner une place active au sein de la ville contemporaine. Considérés pendant longtemps comme des monuments à part entière, les secteurs sauvegardés tendent depuis une dizaine d’années à s’affirmer comme des lieux d’innovation en matière de réhabilitation architecturale. Ces quartiers anciens, qui ne représentent plus aujourd’hui qu’une infime partie de l’espace urbanisé français, se distinguent par la durabilité des constructions qui les composent et par l’intelligence de leur morphologie. Le cœur historique de Vitré, dont les transformations sont encadrées par un secteur sauvegardé depuis 1976, témoigne de la richesse de l’histoire économique, politique et sociale de la ville depuis le 13ème siècle. Épargné de l’urbanisme brutal qui se généralise dans la première moitié du 20ème siècle grâce à la volonté du service des Monuments historiques, il fait l’objet depuis la création du secteur sauvegardé de nombreuses interventions de restau-ration et de réhabilitation. À partir de l’étude de la ville de Vitré, cette recherche analyse ce qu’était le patrimoine logement avant la création du secteur sauvegardé, ce qu’on en a fait, et ce qu’il tend à devenir. L’étude est présentée en cinq volumes associant le texte (volume I), les cartes, plans, tableaux et documents iconographiques (volume II), ainsi que les notices se rapportant aux études d’inventaire (volume III à V)
The safeguarded sectors plan, created by the "Malraux Law" in 1962, aimed not only to ensure historical architecture sets preservation but also to give them back an active place within the contem-porary city. Considered for a long time as monuments in their own right, the safeguarded sectors have been tending over the past ten years to become innovation places in terms of architectural rehabilitation. These old districts which are today representing only a tiny portion of the french urbanized areas are distinguishable by the durability of their buildings and the cleverness of their morphology. The historic core of Vitré, whose the transformations are regulated by a safeguarded sector since 1976, testify the economic, political, and social richness of the city history from the 13th century. Spared from the brutal city planning which has spread in the first half of the 20th century thanks to the will of the Historic Monuments Department, it has been subject of numerous restoration and rehabilitation since the creation of the safeguarded sector. From the study of the Vitré city, this research looks at the housing heritage before the creation of the safeguarded sector, what has been achieved with it and what it tends to become. The study is composed of five volumes: the text (Volume I), the maps, plans, tables and iconographic documents (Volume II) and the inventory studies catalogue (Volume III to V)

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Rifoe, Patrick Philippe. « Le management informationnel dans l'action publique d'urbanisation : dispositifs communicationnels des modèles français et d'Afrique francophone ». Thesis, Lille 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL30007/document.

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Le présent projet s'applique à problématiser la question des dispositifs par lesquels les politiques d'urbanisation voient le jour en France et dans les pays d'Afrique francophone.cette porte d'entrée permet d'aborder la production des politiques publiques dans les différents acteurs qui interagissent, mais également pose la question de la participation du citoyen dans un contexte marqué par la montée en généralité de l'impératif délibératif au mitan duquel les politiques publiques se légitiment aujourd'hui. en filigrane de ce questionnements, les mécanismes des différents dispositifs sont passés au cribles de la comparaison,à savoir; l'écologie des acteurs, les forces en présence et les fluctuations auxquelles elles sont soumises dans le déroulé de l'action,les médiations que produisent ces politiques ainsi que celles qui fluidifient les dispositifs énonciatifs,et les lieux à travers objets et interactions prennent place
This thesis of doctorate is about the communication in the urban projects. She is found on the international diffusion of the project logic as norm to make and to arrange the city. Diffusion that drive us to examine the communicational practice that the project allow. The norm project, today shared, does it imply some similarity in terms of communication? In a multipartenarial context, how does he organize the meeting apparatus? Until what point does to make the city imply him the involvement of the inhabitants? What are the issues of the communication that go with project? Two fields have been mobilized in a comparative perspective; the urban shutter of the Contract Getting out of Debt Contract Development (C2D) of Douala and the Big Urban Project (GPU) of Lille. 33 interviews, non participant observation, working papers and a significant corpus of press served to support a conceptual armature resting on the notions of apparatus and communication activity. The main results show a strong salience of communicational dissimilarity in the studied projects. These differences must be put in perspective with specific institutional contexts. Indeed, the communication in the C2D of Douala is minimal, implemented by internal actors to the Urban Community of Douala, but external to the team of project. In the case of the GPU, the implementation of the communication leans on outside operators to the project team, although the communicational activity is drived by the members of the aforesaid team. The place of the inhabitants deal to see a minimal involvement of the Douala casa whereas. In the Big Urban Project of Lille, we see an active continuum of the simple consultation to the coproduction of some facilities. Finally the accompaniment communication includes a strongsymbolic dimension in Lille whereas in Douala, it limits herself to evenementialisation who deserve of the Government Delegate close to the Douala Urban City Council

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Vincent, Perrine. « Modalités d'existence de dispositifs urbains : Le cas de l'assainissement à Kanpur et Varanasi, Inde ». Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00952442.

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L'époque contemporaine se caractérise par une omniprésence de la technique, qui soulève des inquiétudes croissantes. Ce constat a conduit nombre de chercheurs à interroger les relations que la technique et la société entretiennent. Dans le sillage de ce questionnement, cette recherche vise à examiner en quoi les techniques sont parties prenantes des changements anthropiques à l'oeuvre, qu'ils soient d'ordre social, politique, culturel, religieux, environnemental, législatif. Pour ce faire, cette thèse étudie, à partir d'une approche ethnographique, les modalités d'existence de dispositifs urbains d'assainissement dans le cadre du Ganga Action Plan, lequel vise la dépollution du Gange. Ces modalités d'existence sont analysées à partir des chroniques des projets urbains se déroulant dans deux villes indiennes, Kanpur et Varanasi, et des controverses suscitées par leur mise en oeuvre. Cette thèse démontre que les objets techniques et les activités qui leur sont liées, tout en confortant des règles déjà en place, en instituent de nouvelles, ce qui ne va pas sans susciter des résistances tant d'ordre social que politique.

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Ginoulhiac, Michèle. « Muséalités de l'espace urbain : l'œuvre comme dispositif de médiation dans l'espace public au tournant du XXIe siècle ». Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20112.

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« Musée à ciel ouvert » est devenu une formule de communication choisie par quelques métropoles pour valoriser leur patrimoine artistique auprès du public. Nous allons interroger sa validité en regard de la notion de muséalité, puisque les règles du musée sont dûment convoquées pour légitimer l’espace urbain comme un lieu de mémoire. La muséalité, prise dans son sens le plus large, désigne « la valeur culturelle ou la qualité d’une chose muséalisée », c’est-à-dire la valeur de témoignage de la réalité qu’elle informe. Cette valeur, « en rapport avec l’aspect ontologique de la réalité, est conditionnée par sa pluridimensionnalité et sa charge énergétique, elle dépasse les valeurs temporaires par son importance culturelle. » Or, si l’espace urbain est bien un musée, les formes muséalisées, à savoir l’art public, en appellent à revoir ces valeurs qui restent trop attachées à l’objet. Cette valeur culturelle prêtée aux objets muséaux par l’institution traditionnelle est actée grâce aux frontières que cette dernière établit avec la réalité. Dans un premier temps, nous verrons comment la remise en question de ces limites oblige à repenser les qualités des choses muséalisées. Dans un deuxième temps, nous examinerons l’hypothèse suivante : les pratiques plastiques contemporaines, qu’elles soient ou non autorisées, et notamment celles de l’installation et de l’installation in situ vont accélérer le processus de questionnement de la muséalité. En effet, les recherches des plasticiens concernant le rapport de l’œuvre au lieu et au spectateur vont permettre d’envisager la notion de sculpture de manière élargie. Elles font notamment ressortir les qualités inhérentes au lieu, à ses mémoires identitaires hybrides qui nous paraissent être la clé d’une redéfinition de valeurs muséales plus attachées à une dimension sociale. De fait, l’objet n’est plus le seul légitime porteur de ces valeurs, l’espace ou même une situation peuvent se révéler avoir une importance culturelle. Aussi, la notion de muséalité doit-elle intégrer des valeurs temporelles de l’ordre de l’éphémère, du contingent et du précaire. Ces nouvelles valeurs ne peuvent advenir que parce que les outils de mémorisation, qui sont aussi des outils de diffusion, ont évolué : la photographie, Internet. L'espace urbain, en tant qu'espace public, a toujours été le lieu de dispositifs de démonstration du pouvoir et de commémorations. L’art sculptural en était l'outil privilégié. Au XXIe siècle, cet espace, qui devient le théâtre d'enjeux plus complexes liés à la métropolisation, garde pourtant l'œuvre comme média. Les commandes publiques s’accélérant, en lien aux innovations de l’architecture ou de l’urbanisme et à la valeur portée au patrimoine, tout semble aller dans le sens d’une esthétisation de l’espace public. L’œuvre va s’imposer comme un dispositif de médiation incontournable. Afin de préciser les enjeux de la valeur culturelle attachée à un tel dispositif, nous examinerons des cas actuels, différents et complémentaires, comme l’apport d’œuvres contemporaines sur le site patrimonial du Palais-Royal, mais aussi le site de La Défense à Paris qui propose plus d'une soixantaine de sculptures sur sa longue dalle piétonnière, ou encore le métro de Toulouse qui est doté d'une quarantaine d’œuvres conçues pour chaque station. Les qualités muséales de l'œuvre dans l’espace urbain ne s’évaluent pas en regard des mêmes critères que celles de l’œuvre dans l'institution du musée et nécessitent un changement de paradigme. Au sein de cet espace public, les dispositifs artistiques, muséaux et politiques se rencontrent autour d’objectifs communs de médiation plus que de médiatisation et redéfinissent la muséalité au plus près de son opérativité sociale
"The Open Air Museum" is the chosen means of communication by some metropolitan areas to promote their artistic heritage. We will question its validity in comparison with the concept of museality, since the principles of the museum are duly convened to legitimize an urban space as a place of memory. The museality, taken in its broader sense, refers to « the cultural value or quality of something conferred upon a museum object », that is to say, the evidential value of the reality it informs. This value "in relation to an ontological aspect of reality is conditioned by its multidimensionality and its vital impact to exceed temporal values by its cultural significance". Yet, if the urban space is a museum, public art calls to review these values that remain too attached to the object. Traditional institutions relied on the lines it established between reality and the museum to give value to museum objects. First, we will see how the reassessment of these limits requires a rethink of all things museality. Second, we will see that these are contemporary visual art practices, whether they are authorized or not, notably installation works and site specific installation works that will accelerate the process of questioning museality. Actually, the visual artist’s research, with regard to the relation of the art work within the space and to the spectator, will permit to envisage a wider concept of what sculpture can be. In particular, they force the inherent qualities of a site to stand out, to record its hybrid identities that, to us, appear to be the key to redefine museum values attached to a more social dimension. Indeed, these values are no longer solely conferred upon the object; the space, situation or an event can be of cultural importance. Also, the concept of museality must integrate ephemeral temporal values of a contingent and precarious nature. These new values can only happen because recording tools have also evolved: photography, internet. Urban spaces, as public places, have always been used as a mechanism for the public demonstration of power and commemoration. Sculpture was the preferred means. However, the public space which becomes, in the twenty-first century, the most complex theatre of issues related to metropolization, keeps the art work as media. Public commissions are increasing due to innovations in architectural or urban planning and value given to heritage. Everything appears to be heading in the direction of an aestheticization of public places where the art work will impose as an essential mediation mechanism. Finally, to clarify the issues of cultural values attached to such a system we will examine real cases, different and complimentary, such as the contribution of contemporary art works on the heritage site of the Palais-Royal, but also the site of La Défense in Paris which proposes more than sixty sculptures along a footpath, or the Toulouse underground which has allocated forty stations to accommodate art works conceived on site. A paradigm shift is necessary, as the criteria used to evaluate art work in an urban space are not the same as those used for art work in an institutional museum. Within the public space artistic organizations, museums and politics meet around common objectives of mediation rather than media coverage, to redefine museality closer to their own social operativity

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David, Virna Carvalho. « Território usado e circuito superior marginal : equipamentos médico-hospitalares em Campinas, Ribeirão Preto e São José do Rio Preto (SP) ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-19092011-125527/.

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No contexto da especificidade da urbanização brasileira, onde as cidades crescem simultaneamente às formas de trabalho com capitais reduzidos e tecnologias menos modernas, nossa pesquisa analisa o território usado por diferentes agentes do sistema produtivo de equipamentos médicohospitalares no Estado de São Paulo, atentando para as diferentes divisões do trabalho existentes na forma dos circuitos da economia urbana. Valorizado de forma seletiva, o meio construído permite que atividades mais e menos rentáveis se instalem, enquanto a coexistência de divisões do trabalho que datam de diferentes épocas assegura uma dinâmica interdependente entre os circuitos da economia urbana. Neste sentido, discutimos a existência de um circuito superior marginal ligado às atividades de produção de equipamentos médicohospitalares em Campinas, Ribeirão Preto e São José do Rio Preto (SP) e o papel complementar que este cumpre para os serviços de saúde do país.
In the context of the specificity of Brazilian urbanization, where simultaneous with the growth of the cities, the types of work with reduced capital and less modern technologies also grow, our research analyses the territory used by different agents of the medicalhospital equipments production system in the state of São Paulo, looking at the different divisions of labor, existing in ways of the circuits of urban economy. Valued in a selective way, the environment building allows installation of more or less profitable activities, while the coexistence of divisions of labor of different ages ensures an interdependent dynamic among the circuits of the urban economy. In this way, we discuss the existence of a marginal upper circuit related to the medicalhospital equipments production in Campinas, Ribeirão Preto e São José do Rio Preto (SP) and its complementary function that it accomplishes for the brazilian health services.

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CARVALHO, Tarcísio Lemos Monteiro. « Computação urbana - O uso do aplicativo móvel Colab.re como dispositivo de participação social na gestão da cidade de Paragominas-PA ». Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/9984.

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A urbanização tem aumentado gradativamente nas últimas quatro décadas, demandando soluções para os diversos problemas nas cidades, que afetam as vidas de bilhões de pessoas no Mundo, no Brasil e na Amazônia. A Computação Urbana ajuda a melhorar os serviços na cidade, consequentemente a qualidade de vida das pessoas. A participação social no âmbito nacional é estabelecida na Constituição Federal do Brasil de 1988 e pelo Estatuto da Cidade (Lei 10.257, de 10 de julho de 2001), já na esfera global, mais recentemente, em 2015, a Agenda 2030, nos Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS), é requisito para o desenvolvimento das cidades. Desta forma, este trabalho parte do princípio de que a participação social é uma dimensão do desenvolvimento e busca utilizar o aplicativo móvel Colab.re como dispositivo de inovação para fortalecer os processos de decisão com a promoção das smart cities. A Computação Urbana e a disponibilidade de aplicativos móveis criam redes de relacionamento inovando as formas de participação social, na maneira como são tomadas as decisões na gestão da cidade. Utilizar do desenvolvimento tecnológico em prol da participação social é substancial na execução desta pesquisa. Para isso, foi necessário criar uma “rede social cidadã” entre a Prefeitura de Paragominas e a sociedade, estimulando a participação social. O desafio-chave foi na mobilização em persuadir as pessoas da utilidade de se conectar uns aos outros e do trabalho em conjunto. De um lado o poder público, representado pelas secretarias de saúde e urbanismo, e do outro, como representação da sociedade civil, foram convidados alunos das IES da cidade: UFRA, UEPA, e IFPA. Após oficinas que apresentaram o Colab.re aos envolvidos na pesquisa, foi aplicado questionários afim de coletar opiniões quanti/qualitativa dos participantes. O resultado é um canal de comunicação entre Prefeitura e cidadãos e, alcançando em Paragominas o maior percentual de usuários do estado do Pará. Assim, a Computação Urbana e o uso de dispositivos móveis certamente gera um entendimento “maior” de como impactos pontuais refletem na cidade inteira e pode ajudar a vigorar relações entre os usuários. Nesse sentido os aplicativos móveis podem ser úteis como dispositivos de inovação na intensificação da experiência vivida por um indivíduo, na construção de uma análise partilhada sobre os desafios coletivos na cidade de Paragominas-PA. O resultado como produto, é um plano de atendimento para as secretarias de como tratar as informações postadas no Colab.re.
Urbanization has gradually increased over the last four decades, demanding solutions to the many problems in the cities that affect the lives of billions of people in the world, in Brazil and in the Amazon. Urban Computing helps to improve services in the city, consequently people's quality of life. Social participation at the national level is established in the Federal Constitution of Brazil of 1988 and by the Statute of the City (Law 10,257, of July 10, 2001), already in the global sphere, most recently in 2015, Agenda 2030, in the Sustainable Development (ODS), is a requirement for the development of cities. In this way, this work assumes that social participation is a dimension of development and seeks to use the Colab.re mobile application as an innovation device to strengthen decision processes with the promotion of smart cities. Urban Computing and the availability of mobile applications create networks of relationships by innovating the forms of social participation in the way decisions are made in city management. Use of technological development in favor of social participation is substantial in the execution of this research. For this, it was necessary to create a "social social network" between the Paragominas City Hall and society, stimulating social participation. The key challenge was in mobilization in persuading people of the utility of connecting to each other and working together. On the one hand the public power, represented by the health and urban planning departments, and on the other, as a representation of civil society, students from the city's HEIs were invited: UFRA, UEPA, and IFPA. After the workshops that presented the Colab.re to those involved in the research, questionnaires were applied in order to collect quantitative / qualitative opinions of the participants. The result is a communication channel between City Hall and citizens, reaching Paragominas the highest percentage of users in the state of Pará. Thus, Urban Computing and the use of mobile devices certainly generate a "greater" understanding of how specific impacts reflect in the whole city and can help enforce relationships between users. In this sense, the mobile applications can be useful as devices of innovation in the intensification of the experience lived by an individual, in the construction of a shared analysis on the collective challenges in the city of Paragominas-PA. The result as a product is a plan of care for the secretariats on how to handle the information posted on Colab.re.

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Ruiz, Adilson Nunes. « Concreto com fresado asf?ltico aplicado em dispositivos de prote??o e drenagem de obras vi?rias ». Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2017. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/925.

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Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de S?o Paulo - FAPESP
In view of the large volume of waste generated by the construction industry coupled with the growing understanding of environmental preservation by the population, it was necessary to carry out studies with the firm intention of reusing these wastes. This work focuses on the residues generated in the area of road pavement construction, especially those resulting from the maintenance, restoration and improvement of roads paved with asphalt concrete. As the use of this material is not always carried out in a technical and adequate way, even though several studies are directed to the good technique of using recycled asphalt pavement, this work intends to present another technical form for the application of this important residue, to use in the construction of rigid concrete barriers and in gutters, half wire and gutters. These services normally run within the road works, that is, it aims to keep the material generated within the limits of the generating source. In order to achieve this, studies focused on meeting the technical specifications of the National Department of Infrastructure and Transport (DNIT) and the Department of Roads of the State of S?o Paulo (DER-SP), minimizing the output of milling from the generating source, considering that these public agencies are the main sources of this waste and performers of the services for which it is intended. This study compared the physical characteristics of conventional concrete and concrete with embedded asphalt milling, thus evaluating its technical, economic feasibility and environmental. The study was carried out in concrete with a characteristic compressive strength of 25MPa, intended for road safety elements, and at 20MPa for surface drainage elements. It was observed that the increase of recycled asphalt pavement in the concrete mixture directly influences the mechanical resistance, reducing its resistant capacity. When analyzing the substitution content of recycled asphalt pavement in the mix, it was found that percentages higher than 15% substantially affect the concrete's strength properties. The concrete with recycled asphalt pavement presents less rise and absorption of water by capillarity, as well as less absorption in the test of immersion, important qualities for mixtures that will be destined to the manufacture of structures that will be exposed to the elements or the contact with the water. The use of this residue in the concrete generates reduction in the cost of manufacture, besides providing reduction of the emission of greenhouse gases (CO2). In Brazil, it can be estimated that the use of asphalt milling in the concretes studied, can generate the approximate annual reduction of 270 thousand tCO2, besides saving approximately US$ 97 million/year through the sale of CO2 ("green" income) And the reduction of costs with the acquisition of natural raw materials extracted from deposits (sand and crushed stone), as well as to finance with this amount the construction of approximately 23 thousand popular residences of 40m2.
Tendo em vista o grande volume gerado de res?duos pela ind?stria da constru??o aliado ao fato do crescente entendimento pela popula??o da preserva??o ambiental, fez-se necess?ria a realiza??o de estudos com o firme prop?sito de reutiliz?-los. Este trabalho foca no res?duo gerado na ?rea da constru??o de pavimenta??o vi?ria, principalmente naqueles advindos das obras de manuten??o, restaura??o e melhoria do leito vi?rio pavimentado revestido com concreto asf?ltico. Como a utiliza??o deste material ? realizada nem sempre de forma t?cnica e adequada, mesmo tendo diversos estudos direcionados ? boa t?cnica de utiliza??o do fresado asf?ltico, este trabalho tem a pretens?o de apresentar mais uma forma t?cnica para a aplica??o deste importante res?duo, o de utilizar na constru??o de barreiras r?gidas de concreto e em canaletas, meios fio e sarjetas. Servi?os estes normalmente executados dentro das obras vi?rias, ou seja, visa manter o material gerado dentro dos limites da fonte geradora. Para isso, foram realizados estudos focados em atender as especifica??es t?cnicas do Departamento Nacional de Infraestrutura e Transporte (DNIT) e do Departamento de Estradas de Rodagem do Estado de S?o Paulo (DER-SP) em parte das obras de seguran?a vi?ria e drenagem, tendo em vista que estes ?rg?os p?blicos tem o dom?nio das principais fontes geradoras deste res?duo e s?o executores dos servi?os ao qual se destina. Este estudo comparou as caracter?sticas f?sicas do concreto convencional e do concreto com fresado asf?ltico incorporado, avaliando assim a sua viabilidade t?cnica, econ?mica e ambiental. O estudo foi realizado em concreto com resist?ncia caracter?stica ? compress?o de 25MPa, destinado a elementos de seguran?a vi?ria, e com 20MPa, para os elementos de drenagem superficial. Foi constatado que o incremento de fresado asf?ltico na mistura do concreto influencia diretamente nas resist?ncias mec?nicas, reduzindo sua capacidade resistente. Ao analisar o teor de substitui??o de fresado asf?ltico na mistura, foi constatado que percentuais superiores a 15% afetam substancialmente as propriedades mec?nicas do concreto. O concreto com fresado asf?ltico apresenta menor ascens?o e absor??o de ?gua por capilaridade, bem como menor absor??o no ensaio de imers?o, qualidades importantes para misturas que ser?o destinadas ? fabrica??o de estruturas que ficar?o expostas ?s intemp?ries ou ao contato com a ?gua. O uso deste res?duo no concreto gera redu??o no custo de fabrica??o, al?m de proporcionar redu??o da emiss?o de gases do efeito estufa (CO2). No Brasil, pode-se estimar que o uso do fresado asf?ltico nos concretos estudados, pode gerar a redu??o anual aproximada de 270mil tCO2, al?m de possibilitar economia aproximada de US$ 97 milh?es/ano atrav?s da comercializa??o do CO2 (renda ?verde?) e da redu??o de custos com a aquisi??o de mat?rias primas naturais extra?das de jazidas (areia e pedra britada), bem como financiar com este valor a constru??o de aproximadamente 23mil resid?ncias populares de 40m?.

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Ortiz, Martínez Betsabé Constanza. « Dispositivo electrónico interactivo que facilita el cuidado del huerto en departamentos de zonas urbanas : vitaly ». Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/115895.

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Diseñador Industrial
La agricultura urbana es una práctica que lleva años realizándose en nuestro país y en el mundo. En la colonia era parte de la cotidianidad de los ciudadanos, en tiempos de postguerra en países europeos la vieron como una alternativa para obtener alimentos. Hoy en día la horticultura se está desarrollando en nuevas condiciones debido a la densidad poblacional en las ciudades, la distribución de su población y las edificaciones. Actualmente muchos cultivos urbanos se siembran en maceteros y en contextos adversos como en las alturas de los edificios, movilizándolos intenciones políticas tales como el rechazo a los transgénicos y una actitud crítica frente al actual sistema de consumo, así como el rescate de tradiciones y la alimentación saludable, adaptando la practica a sus estilos y ritmos de vida. Dentro del contexto de esta práctica urbana emergente y valorando la decisión política de autogeneración de alimentos se plantea investigar como los dispositivos electrónicos interactivos de opensourse pueden servir como facilitadores para la producción de alimentos domésticos en estos nuevos escenarios.

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DA, CÁMARA DE MELO CAEIRO MÁRIO JORGE. « A retórica da arte na cidade, "dispositivo, envolvimento e graça". O proyecto extramuros como proposta de intervenção urbana ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/15231.

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Esta investigación es una teoría crítica del arte en la forma urbana. Propone un conjunto de términos y operaciones claves consolidados entorno al binomio 'arte-público', presentando este como meta-modalidad de la emancipación ciudadana basada en la estética de lo social. Concluye que la retórica, con su estructuración ethos/logos/pathos, es la racionalidad total que concretiza una concientización plástica de los valores proyectuales de la atención, del dispositivo y de la gracia. Estos son considerados fundamentales en una experiencia emancipada de la ciudad. En la Parte I, se explicitan las consecuencias de varios movimientos críticos en las vanguardias artísticas y urbanísticas, y en el ensayo de la crítica cultural. En el regimen del arte contemporáneo, destaco figuras y modos del viraje conceptual al land art, sedimentando una gramática del arte en el Espacio Público. Tres binomios condensan la problemática: Museo, intervención (la intervención urbana como propuesta de otra memoria y representación de lo colectivo); Contexto/situación (la situación como corolario de una consciencia de lo efímero y lo contextual; Activismo/participación (el activismo como modalidad de la participación comunitária). Se intenta abordar la jerga del arte público contemporáneo en orden a problematizar radicalmente la cultura urbana, en el contexto de un urbanismo general continuamente emergente. En el Parte II, se analiza los casos de estúdio LISBOA CAPITAL DO NADA - MARVILA 2001, SINAIS, A CIDADE HABITADA, LUZBOA (todos eventos en Lisboa) y SKYWAY (en Polónia). En esta secuencia de experiencias curatoriales, las intervenciones artísticas, separadamente y entanto dinámica integrada, definen un conjunto de valores, actitudes e ingenuidades que desvelan una estética.
Da Cámara De Melo Caeiro, MJ. (2012). A retórica da arte na cidade, "dispositivo, envolvimento e graça". O proyecto extramuros como proposta de intervenção urbana [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/15231
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Pham, Thai Son. « Morphologie urbaine, dispositifs techniques et pratiques sociales : cas des quartiers de ruelles hanoiens ». Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00797324.

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Dans le contexte transitionnel de Đổi Mới (Rénovation - réforme économique nationale du Vietnam appliquée depuis 1986), l'urbanisation de Hanoi a fait apparaître des quartiers de ruelles, les zones résidentielles constituées de ruelles petites et sinueuses qu'on peut rencontrer quasi partout dans la ville. L'existence de ces quartiers représente certains enjeux du développement urbain de la capitale du Vietnam. À partir d'un premier constat sur la forme particulière de ces quartiers, cette étude examine comment les habitants s'adaptent aux conditions de vie générées par la production de logements, la fourniture des services urbains essentiels et les configurations spécifiques de l'espace public. Pour répondre à cette problématique, nous avons mené des observations directes et des enquêtes sociales auprès des ménages habitant dans les ruelles de trois quartiers représentatifs de la ville. Les résultats nous montrent qu'en s'adaptant aux contextes et aux dispositifs techniques en présence, les habitants jouent un rôle actif en adaptant les espaces et les dispositifs techniques, sous forme d'alternatives - à la fois choix techniques et pratiques sociales. À travers ces alternatives, les habitants participent directement à la production de l'espace urbain, à la formation et à l'évolution de la morphologie urbaine, à l'évolution des dispositifs techniques des services d'électricité, d'eau, d'assainissement et de collecte de déchets ménagers, et à la production de l'espace public du quotidien. À partir de l'analyse de ces pratiques sociales et de leurs influences sur la ville, la thèse détaille les dimensions alternatives de l'urbanisation de Hanoi, dont témoignent les quartiers de ruelles.

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FERREIRA, A. L. T. D. « O novo paradigma do saber e os dispositivos urbanos para uma cidade educadora ». Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/4406.

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Discute a formação de dispositivos urbanos que possuem como característica promover a interação, a conexão, a inclusão e o aprendizado dentro do novo paradigma do saber, o qual corresponde ao processo de implicação/ multiplicação entre espaço do saber e espaço urbano, provocado por diversos agenciamentos. Resgata a importância do espaço físico na cidade contemporânea perante a propagação crescente do ciberespaço como aquele que para muitos teóricos parece ser o futuro da humanidade. Trata ainda da importância do saber em diversos campos, como a Filosofia, a Sociologia, a Educação, e, sobretudo a Arquitetura e o Urbanismo, destacando a necessidade de se pensar a cidade segundo esse estatuto do saber. Mostra como os dispositivos urbanos são encontrados na agenda das políticas públicas. Nesse contexto, utiliza como modelo a poligonal 1 do município de Vitória, composta por oito comunidades que se autodenominam Território do Bem, enfatizando como a apropriação e a produção endógena de espaços contribuem para a formação dos dispositivos urbanos. Além disso revela a atuação da Prefeitura Municipal de Vitória por meio do Plano Plurianual 2010/2013, apontando as ações e os programas que contribuem para a formação de dispositivos urbanos. Os resultados demonstram que os dispositivos urbanos são ferramentas participativas de gestão e planejamento da cidade, contribuindo para o processo de autonomia e emancipação social.

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Bandeira, Ângelica Carvalho. « Dispositivos de vida pública : revisitando teorias e procedimentos de avaliação dos espaços públicos ». Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7955.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG
This dissertation has as objective define the variables for the evaluation of public life in Brazilian public spaces that can be applied with citizen participation in the future, resulting in guidelines for action. In this way, we intend to fill the existing gap in the design practice of the field of Architecture and Urbanism, which does not incorporate the citizen in the whole process and which proposes a fragmented analysis of public life. From a bibliographical research, the first part of the study is dedicated to the conceptual body that guided the development of the research, the second contains the sample of the procedures of analysis of public spaces traveled by the analogy of the itinerary, that is, showing how to evaluate and one minimum series of paths, or dimensions, by which the evaluation of public life can be carried out. From this theoretical-methodological referential arised the Public Life Devices that allow the evaluation of public spaces with citizen participation from phases and categories that, in turn, gathering criteria and registration techniques. Against the study can be concluded first that the theories on public life and public space are, , as a rule, contrasting with the Brazilian reality, but this could be changed through citizen participation. In a second moment, it is verified that every project implies in unforeseeable deviations, so, the specialists can’t order and control the experience in a space. But on the other hand this does not constitute negatively and yes portrays the public life itself. It is also considered that the public life notion is not just constituted in using the public space besides the circulation, but in claim the character political, social, affectionate and cognitive in the relationship people/citizen/subject-lived space/ existence. Finally, it is understood that citizen participation is necessary to attend to the aspirations of the population, especially those of the most excluded, besides implying in the full exercise of democracy.
Esta dissertação tem como objetivo definir as variáveis para a avaliação da vida pública nos espaços públicos brasileiros que possa, futuramente, ser aplicada com participação cidadã resultando em diretrizes de atuação. Dessa forma, pretende-se preencher a lacuna existente na prática projetual do campo da Arquitetura e Urbanismo que não incorpora o cidadão em todo o processo e que propõe uma análise fragmentada da vida pública. A partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, a primeira parte do estudo é dedicada ao corpo conceitual que guiou o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, a segunda contém a amostra dos procedimentos de análise de espaços públicos percorridos pela analogia do itinerário, ou seja, mostrando como avaliar e uma série mínima de caminhos, ou dimensões, pelos quais se pode realizar a avaliação da vida pública. Desse referencial teórico-metodológico surgiram os Dispositivos de vida pública que permitem a avaliação dos espaços públicos com participação cidadã a partir de fases e categorias que agregam, por sua vez, critérios e técnicas de registro. Diante do estudo pode-se concluir, primeiramente, que as teorias sobre vida pública e espaço público são, via de regra, contrastantes com a realidade brasileira, mas que isso poderia ser mudado por meio da participação cidadã. Num segundo momento, constata-se que todo projeto implica em desvios imprevisíveis, logo, os especialistas não conseguem ordenar e controlar a vivência em um espaço. Mas que por outro lado isso não se constitui negativamente e sim retrata a própria vida pública. Também se considera que a noção de vida pública não se constitui apenas em usar o espaço público além da circulação, mas de reivindicar o caráter político, social, afetivo e cognitivo na relação pessoas/cidadão/sujeito-espaço vivido/vivência. Por fim, entende-se que a participação cidadã se faz necessária para atender os anseios da população, especialmente os das mais excluídas, além de implicar em exercício pleno de democracia.

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Berger, Mathieu. « Répondre en citoyen ordinaire : enquête sur les engagements profanes dans un dispositif d'urbanisme participatif à Bruxelles ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210314.

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Cette thèse est le résultat de quatre années d’enquête ethnographique passées à observer, à enregistrer et à décrire les activités de commissions participatives de revitalisation urbaine en Région de Bruxelles-Capitale :les CLDI (Commissions Locales de Développement Intégré). Sur base de ce matériau ethnographique, je me suis intéressé à la stratification des contextes de communication en assemblée (dimensions institutionnelle, écologique, dialogique, historique), et à la manifestation de compétences et d’incompétences communicationnelles d’ordres différents dans les prises de parole des participants non spécialistes de ces assemblées (les « simples habitants », les « citoyens ordinaires », les « profanes »). Comme beaucoup d’autres l’ont déjà fait remarquer, dans l’environnement technocratique de ces commissions, où les titres de spécialistes ont déjà été décernés à l’élu, au chef de projet, à l’expert urbaniste, à l’association spécialisée (.), il est particulièrement incommode pour des participants profanes de faire agir une parole -au sens où l’entend la théorie des actes de discours. Privilégier une approche logocentrique dans l’analyse des matériaux, étudier exclusivement la « grammaire symbolique » (propositionnelle, figurative, discursive.) d’activités publiques systématiquement troublées par les interventions malheureuses de profanes semble conduire l’analyste à répéter continuellement le constat de l’incompétence de ces derniers, et à accréditer une sociologie de la domination, immédiatement critique de ces initiatives de démocratisation. En me référant à l’interactionnisme réaliste et naturaliste de Goffman, et à la lecture que fait Jean-Marc Ferry de la sémiotique peircienne (qui distingue les « symboles » des « indices » et des « icônes »), je montre que la voie empruntée avec le plus de succès par les profanes dans ces assemblées consiste à accentuer l’ordinarité de leurs engagements non pas en « montant en généralité » dans leurs propositions, mais au contraire en désertant le monde spécialisé et officiel des discours, en investissant les modes de signification infrasymboliques de l’ « iconique » et de l’ « indiciel », en jouant, en deçà d’une « grammaire discursive », de codes logiques respectivement « associatifs » et « imputatifs ». (Ferry, 2007). Plutôt que par l’intégration discursive de symboles (proposer, définir, conceptualiser, argumenter.), la contribution heureuse de non spécialistes à ces espaces de démocratie technique passerait par l'opération plus archaïque consistant à agencer provisoirement des icônes (associer, évoquer, rappeler, immiter.) et des indices (indiquer, montrer, pointer, signaler, adresser.). Prendre au sérieux ces formes de compétences primitives dans le cas d’acteurs politiques non spécialistes, c’est aussi pointer l’émergence d’une critique ordinaire qui serait dotée d’une certaine factualité. Plutôt que d’avancer un avis subjectif sur le discours objectif d’un expert urbaniste, un « simple habitant » peut lui même récolter, produire et publier ses « données », ses « objets », ses « images » - dans un espace public défini alors comme lieu d’interobjectivité –à partir des icones et des indices dont regorgent les situations de coprésence (ex :un habitant pointe de l’index l’attitude méprisante d’un élu) et les aventures collectives (ex :un habitant rappelle à l’expert ses propres propos en exhibant le procès-verbal de la réunion précédente et en le citant). Se dessine alors la figure d’un citoyen procédural attaché à l’ordre civil élémentaire de l’action conjointe et de l’expérience partagée :une figure essentielle, à mon sens, dans les dispositifs de concertation que nous connaissons aujourd’hui ;une figure pourtant négligée jusqu’ici par les philosophes et les sociologues de la démocratie.
Doctorat en sciences sociales, Orientation sociologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Fouillé, Laurent. « L’attachement automobile mis à l’épreuve : étude des dispositifs de détachement et de recomposition des mobilités ». Rennes 2, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00560416/fr/.

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Qu’est-ce qui nous attache à l’automobile ? Comment fait-on pour s’en détacher ? Pour répondre à ces deux interrogations, cette thèse analyse une pluralité de dispositifs en action : une campagne de promotion du bus, un péage urbain controversé, des couloirs de bus, une ZAC aux surfaces de stationnement réduites, un réseau de bus gratuit, des enquêtes de mobilité, un système billettique, un écoquartier… C’est en observant leur action que nous voyons apparaître un à un les fils qui composent le nœud de l’attachement automobile mais aussi comment un voyageur pluriel s’en trouve recomposé dans de nouveaux réseaux d’attachements
What attaches us to the automobile? How can we turn our backs on it? To answer these two questions, this thesis analyzes a range of devices in action : a campaign to promote buses, a controversial congestion charge scheme, bus lanes, an urban development zone with reduced surfaces of car parks, a totally free bus network, surveys about mobility, a smart card system, an ecodistrict… While observing their action, the threads which composes the knot of the automobile attachment appear to us one by one, as well as the way a plural traveler is recomposed in new networks of attachments

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Toussaint, Jean-Yves. « Projets et usages urbains. Fabriquer et utiliser les dispositifs techniques et spatiaux de l'urbain ». Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00473722.

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La vie en ville requiert l'usage et la fabrication d'un vaste ensemble d'objets. Ce travail a pour ambition de contribuer à la production de connaissances sur le statut et sur le rôle de ces objets fabriqués dans l'activité sociale urbaine. Ces objets nécessaires à la vie en ville constituent ce qui sera ici appelé dispositifs techniques et spatiaux de l'urbain. Ce domaine d'objets relève des activités d'aménagement urbain, d'urbanisme, d'architecture et de génie civil. Il comprend aussi bien les immeubles de logements ou de bureaux, les monuments et les fontaines, les "équipements"..., les rues, les places, les voies, les trottoirs et les quais, les bordures des trottoirs, les caniveaux, les places de stationnement et les dispositifs de paiement (lorsque ces places sont payantes), les parkings, les plantations, les pelouses et les jardins, les bacs à sable, les bancs..., que les réseaux d'alimentation en eau potable, les réseaux d'assainissement, le téléphone, l'alimentation en électricité, en gaz, en information (câblée)... ainsi que les mobiliers émergences de réseaux, la signalisation lumineuse, les transports en commun, en site propre ou non, en surface ou en sous-sol, etc. Ce domaine est formé de biens et de services. Même si la liste ne peut être exhaustive, ce domaine comprend un nombre fini d'objets, ceux à la fabrication desquels oblige la vie en ville. La ville serait à penser comme un environnement dans l'action. La signification de la ville (en ses parties comme en sa totalité), le sens que prend cet environnement ne sont pas immanents : ils sont entièrement soumis à l'action, c'est-à-dire, à ce qui, pour l'action, est ressource (information) dans cet environnement . Ainsi, l'œuvre urbaine saute au yeux d'un observateur cultivé, s'il fait du tourisme ; le même, tout cultivé qu'il soit, dans sa ville, au volant de son auto, a toutes les chances de ne percevoir dans l'œuvre qui s'impose à lui que l'information nécessaire à sa conduite --elle se détache de l'œuvre qui n'est plus qu'un itinéraire, un outil sémiologique (c'est-à-dire un ensemble devenu cohérent de dispositifs techniques et spatiaux disséminés dans l'espace au service de la conduite automobile). L'ontologie de la ville serait plurielle. Elle varie avec l'action qui la mobilise. L'apparence urbaine est toujours autre dans la succession des temps de l'action, dans la juxtaposition des temporalités de l'action --le jour, la nuit, le matin, le soir, dans l'alternance des saisons, selon qui l'emprunte, qui la regarde, qui l'utilise, qui s'y affaire, qui en jouit. La ville varie, toujours différente. En cela, l'espace n'est pas une scène, un théâtre ou un moyen où se déroule l'action : il en est l'instrument.

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Delfy, Aladin. « paramètres et dispositifs dans la construction de l'habitat durable : le cas de l'écoquartier de Bonne à Grenoble ». Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG042.

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Notre recherche s'inscrit dans le cadre de la problématique générale du développement et de la ville durable. En partant de l’analyse de notre environnement construit et notamment des réponses architecturales et urbaines à apporter en vue de diminuer de façon significative les émissions des gaz CO2, limiter l'effet de serre et préserver la biodiversité, nous nous sommes attachés à l'étude d'un écoquartier situé dans une ville emblématique du point de vue écologique, celle de Grenoble, et dans l'un de ses espaces urbains : la caserne de Bonne. Nous sommes partis de l'hypothèse que c'est tout d’abord au plan local, puis régional et national que l’on devra élaborer et mettre en pratique des solutions adaptées pour lutter contre toutes les formes de pollution, créer et innover en matière d'énergie renouvelable, tout en diminuant de façon progressive l'usage des énergies fossiles. C'est en tant qu'architecte urbaniste praticien que nous avons voulu apporter notre contribution dans ce domaine, en optant pour une analyse approfondie de l’écoquartier de l'ancienne caserne de Bonne à Grenoble
Our research addresses the general issue of urban development and how to design sustainable cities through architecture and town planning. Our analysis focused on a study of caserne de Bonne, an ecodistrict located in Grenoble, which is an emblematic city from an ecological viewpoint. Our task was to significantly reduce CO2 gas emissions, limit the greenhouse effect, and preserve biodiversity. We developed our hypothesis to devise satisfactory solutions to fight pollution, reduce the use of fossil fuels, and create innovative ways to employ renewable energy. Our program will start locally, then expand on a regional and national level. We observed that in residential districts, remedies such as reducing transportation generated pollution, conserving energy, treating household waste, and other parameters,can be scaled up and implemented regionally and nationally. As architect and urban planner, we wanted to contribute to this field by providing an analysis of Bonne ecodistrict

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González, Izaguirre Cruz Armando [Verfasser]. « Women's Right to the City : The Family as a Dispositive in Urban Settlements in Mexico / Cruz Armando González Izaguirre ». Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & ; Co. KG, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1204708304/34.

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Kavanaugh, Philip R. « Storylines of physical and sexual assault in urban nightlife the impact of individual disposition and social context / ». Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company ; downloadable PDF file, 272 p, 2010. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1992442121&sid=7&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Hayes, Stephen P. (Stephen Paul). « Converting public property into public policy : the disposition of government real estate by the Boston Redevelopment Authority in the 1980's ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66741.

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Anacleto, Tâmile Stella. « Uso de dispositivos eletrônicos e padrões do ciclo vigília/sono de crianças e adolescentes urbanos ». reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/47360.

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Orientador : Prof. Dr. Fernando M. Louzada
Co-orientador : Prof. Dr. Érico P. G. Felden
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular. Defesa: Curitiba, 22/03/2017
Inclui referências : f. 136-145
Resumo: Pesquisas em todo o mundo têm indicado a ampliação do acesso a dispositivos eletrônicos por crianças e adolescentes, sendo que o hábito de uso de dispositivos eletrônicos tem se tornado parte da rotina diária dos sujeitos nessa faixa etária, inclusive próximo à hora de dormir e durante despertares noturnos. Diversos estudos encontraram associações entre o uso de dispositivos eletrônicos e prejuízos dos padrões de sono de crianças e adolescentes. No entanto, em função da falta de resultados conclusivos sobre o tema, da escassez desse tipo de estudos no Brasil e do avanço tecnológico contínuo, desenvolveu-se o presente estudo. Os dados de uso de dispositivos eletrônicos e de padrões de sono de 2.340 estudantes de 18 escolas estaduais do município de Curitiba, com idades entre 10 e 18 anos foram obtidos por meio de questionários aplicados em sala de aula. Os padrões de sono, de posse e uso de dispositivos eletrônicos e as associações entre esses padrões foram avaliados. Entre os voluntários de nossa amostra total, 89,9% possuíam celular pessoal, 91,3% possuíam acesso à internet em casa e 67,5% possuíam hábito de assistir televisão ou de utilizar o celular ou computador antes de dormir. Os estudantes de ambos os turnos escolares que faziam uso de algum tipo de dispositivo eletrônico antes de dormir apresentavam atrasos dos horários de dormir e acordar, menor tempo na cama, maior sonolência diurna e pior qualidade de sono quando comparados aos sujeitos que não os utilizavam. Dentre os usuários de dispositivos eletrônicos, observou-se que sujeitos que utilizavam o celular antes de dormir apresentavam maior pontuação na escala pediátrica de sonolência diurna (PDSS) e 3,6 vezes mais chances (IC 95%:1,87-7,05) de retomada do uso do celular durante despertares noturnos do que os usuários de outros dispositivos. Por meio de análises de regressão logística binária observou-se que fatores como turno escolar, faixa etária, e status de peso associaram-se à redução do tempo na cama dos sujeitos, enquanto sexo e atividade física associaram-se à ocorrência de sonolência diurna. Assim, é possível afirmar que o uso de dispositivos eletrônicos antes de dormir está relacionado a prejuízos aos padrões de sono de crianças e adolescentes urbanos. Além disso, o uso de aparelhos celulares antes do horário de deitar está associado à retomada do uso desse dispositivo eletrônico durante despertares noturnos e à maior sonolência diurna do que a observada entre usuários de outros dispositivos eletrônicos. Por fim, outros fatores, além do uso de dispositivos eletrônicos, devem ser observados em razão da sua associação com os padrões de sono, sonolência diurna e qualidade de sono de crianças e adolescentes. Palavras-chave: Ciclo vigília/sono. Sonolência diurna. Dispositivos eletrônicos. Crianças. Adolescentes.
Abstract: Researchs around the world have indicated the expansion of access to electronic devices by children and adolescentes. The habit of using electronic devices has become part of the daily routine of subjects in this age group, including around bedtime and during nocturnal awakenings. Several studies have found associations between the use of electronic devices and impairment of sleep patterns in children and adolescents. However, due to the lack of conclusive results, the scarcity of this type of studies in Brazil and the continuous technological advance, the present study was developed. Data from electronic device use and sleep patterns from 2,340 students from 18 public schools in the city of Curitiba, aged between 10 and 18 years old were obtained through questionnaires filled out in class. The patterns of sleep, ownership and use of electronic devices and the associations between these patterns were evaluated. Of the total number of volunteers in our sample, 89.9% had a personal cell phone, 91.3% had internet access at home, and 67.5% had a habit of watching television or using a cell phone or computer before sleep. Students in both school schedules who used some type of electronic device before bedtime had delays in sleeping and waking hours, shorter bedtime, greater daytime sleepiness, and poor sleep quality when compared to subjects who did not use them. Children and adolescents using cell phones before bedtime scored higher on the pediatric daytime sleepiness scale (PDSS) and presented a 3.6 greater chance of resuming cell phone use during nocturnal arousals (CI 95%: 1.87-7.05) when compared to users of other electronic devices. By means of binary logistic regression analysis, factors such as school schedule, age group, and weight status were associated with a reduction in the bedtime of the subjects, while sex and physical activity were associated with the occurrence of daytime sleepiness. Thus, it is possible to affirm that the use of electronic devices before sleeping is related to impairments to sleep patterns of urban children and adolescents. In addition, the use of cell phones before bedtime is associated with the resumption of use of this electronic device during nocturnal awakenings and greater daytime sleepiness than that observed among users of other electronic devices. Finally, other factors besides the use of electronic devices should be observed because of their association with sleep patterns, daytime sleepiness and sleep quality of children and adolescents. Key-words: Sleep/wake cycle. Daytime sleepiness. Electronic devices. Children. Adolescents.

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BIT, Edoardo. « La vegetazione per le chiusure verticali. Il percorso evolutivo del verde parietale quale elemento di rinaturalizzazione urbana e dispositivo tecnologico passivo per il controllo del microclima ambientale ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2389225.

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Topic of green walls is important for contemporary architectonical experimentation and R&D: it express an expansion of designer’s possibilities. The use of vegetation like a functional element in the project is may be found for a long time, but only recently, thanks to the attention for environmental conditions and the consequent cultural moving towards a sustainability development, the architectonical use of plants like collaborative components is increasing. This research shoots for a detailed analysis, with the aim to understand the features of these particular typologies (green façades, living walls, etc.), which ask a collaboration between technological components and living system represented by plants. Technical and functional development characterizing these envelope systems were the target of all methodological research’s choices, with the aim to draw up some planning instruments for the architect.

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Pereira, Fernando de Oliveira. « Mobile Geogames - novas interfaces para o uso de dispositivos móveis na coleta de dados de mobilidade urbana em pequenas áreas ». Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2013. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m19/2013/02.26.14.44.

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Este trabalho propõe uma alternativa para lidar com as dificuldades enfrentadas por planejadores urbanos na coleta de dados orientada à mobilidade urbana em pequenas áreas, em uma escala espacial de bairro ou distrito. A solução proposta, vai da (a) aquisição, com base em novas interfaces para dispositivos móveis, conceituadas como \textit{mobile geogames}, jogos motivacionais desenvolvidos para a participação vo-luntária no processo de aquisição de dados de mobilidade, ao (b) armazenamento e processamento, com base em um servidor acessado pelos dispositivos móveis através do jogo. A dissertação apresenta a formulação de uma arquitetura computacional para implementação de jogos com estas características, que leva em consideração, conceitos de informação geográfica voluntária, computação pervasiva, jogos e dados de trajetória. Por fim, um \textit{mobile geogame} dirigido por esta arquitetura, denominado URBANITAS, é desenvolvido, e uma prova de conceito é realizada em áreas pré-determinadas na cidade de São José dos Campos/SP.
This work proposes an alternative to deal with the difficulties faced by urban planners in data collection oriented to urban mobility in small areas, on a spatial scale of neighborhood or district. The proposed solution, goes from (a) acquisition, based on new interfaces for mobile devices, conceptualized as mobile geogames, motivational games designed for the voluntary participation in the process of acquiring data of mobility, to (b) storage and processing, based on a server accessible to mobile devices through the game. The work presents the design of a computational architecture for implementing games with these features, which takes into account concepts of the volunteered geographic information, pervasive computing, gaming and data of tra-jectory. Lastly, a mobile geogame directed by this architecture, called URBANITAS, is developed, and a proof of concept is performed in predetermined areas in the city of São José dos Campos/SP.

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Girard, Paul. « Dispositifs, corps et images dans l'architecture : perceptions et représentations à l'origine de nos repères dans l'espace architectural, urbain et paysager ». Paris 8, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA083489.

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ALBERTI, SILVIA. « L’ISOLATO APERTO. Elementi storici per l’interpretazione e la composizione spaziale di un dispositivo architettonico e urbano per la città occidentale moderna e contemporanea ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/248617.

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Starting with the problem of the urban block in the transition from the historic city to the modern city, and especially the role it has had in reconstructing the contemporary city, research has focused on the question of the opening of the urban block, profiting from a scientific approach borrowed from typomorphology studies. My research hypothesis is that the proneness of the urban block to ‘open up’ characterizes not only of the contemporary world but also the history of the ancient and modern city. The first topic of my hypothesis considers the open block (îlot ouvert) as an episodic but recurrent trait of western cities, and investigates traces of open urban block configuration in certain premodern and modern instances. The second topic analyzes the permanence of the îlot ouvert in the work and urban theory of Christian de Portzamparc through a critical analysis of a series of case projects of varying scale spanning a 40-year period. My conclusions shed light on how, in the history of cities, it has manifested itself in varied, changeful fashion yet following certain fixed principles, and how, in taking on the role of a social space, which in the old city was absolved by the street, it has become a mechanism of recurrent spatial configuration in contemporary urban design.

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Cerón, Ríos Moisés. « Ubicación de zonas potenciales para la implementación de sistemas de amortiguamiento sísmico en zonas urbanas, caso de estudio Zona Metropolitana de Toluca ». Tesis de maestría, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/109714.

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Ante la imposibilidad de prever la ocurrencia de un sismo, una de las estrategias que se han elegido a nivel internacional es la instrumentación de mecanismos que mitiguen la fuerza de dichos movimientos y que reduzcan las pérdidas de personas y sus bienes. Este trabajo se orienta a la identificación de zonas potenciales para la instalación de dispositivos en viviendas.
CONACYT

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Damico, José Geraldo Soares. « Juventudes governadas : dispositivos de segurança e particiapação no Guajuviras (Canoas-RS) e em Grigny Centre (França) ». Paris 8, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA084038.

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Segurança pública, entendendo-as como respostas do Estado à expansão e à generalização de um sentimento de insegurança e medo na sociedade contemporânea. Para isso, discuto práticas de governamentalidade que atingem as periferias urbanas e, de modo particular, os/as jovens que lá habitam, considerando-as como resultados de uma alteração e uma intensificação dos modos como o Estado exerce o governo das condutas. A abordagem teórico-metodológica situa-se na interface dos estudos de gênero, dos estudos culturais e da antropologia política, principalmente as perspectivas que propõem uma aproximação crítica com a teorização foucaultiana; o trabalho posiciona-se no campo de uma etnografia pós-moderna, a partir de uma combinação de metodologias e de modos de escrita. Para efetivar minha análise elegi dois lócus de pesquisa. Um deles foi o bairro Guajuviras, em Canoas, cidade da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre, no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. O bairro recebe ações do Programa Nacional de Segurança Pública e Cidadania (Pronasci), ali implementadas com o nome de Território de Paz. O segundo lócus foi a cidade de Grigny Centre, na região metropolitana de Paris, na França, considerada uma das cidades mais “explosivas” entre as periferias parisienses; analisei um conjunto de ações de prevenção e repressão à criminalidade situadas nas politiques de la ville. Constituíram fontes de pesquisa: (i) documentos oficiais, de órgãos de imprensa e panfletos de divulgação; (ii) narrativas literárias, musicais e fílmicas; (iii) anotações das recordações de campo, transcrições de grupos de discussão e entrevistas; (iv) imagens fotográficas. Os materiais foram analisados na perspectiva da análise cultural, ancorada na teorização foucaultiana. Foi possível evidenciar que as políticas de segurança tornaram-se elementos centrais da agenda política dos dois países, com propostas de soluções dirigidas aos jovens homens, principalmente de grupos considerados em situação de risco e vulnerabilidade social. O Território de Paz, no Brasil, se caracteriza como uma tecnologia de governamento. Organiza atividades de modo a (tentar) regular a diversidade da vida juvenil. As ações do Estado francês operam de modo a criminalizar e a culpabilizar a juventude pobre, árabe e negra por situações consideradas anteriormente como simples incivilidades. Com relação às elaborações dos/das jovens e de suas formações identitárias, fortemente atravessadas por marcadores de classe raça e gênero no Brasil, e de gênero e raça/etnia na França, foi possível trazer à tona uma força vital que pouco tem sido valorizada como potência de mudança: trata-se da capacidade dos/das jovens de elaborarem teorias sobre suas próprias condições e trajetórias. Com efeito, os/as jovens reconhecem a disjunção entre o que seria importante nas suas vidas e o que as ações de Estado lhes propõem ou oferecem
Cette thèse analyse certaines formes de gouvernance de la jeunesse en matière de politiques de sécurité publique, celles-ci étant perçues comme des réponses de l’Etat à l’accroissement et à la généralisation d’un sentiment d’insécurité et de peur dans la société contemporaine. Pour ce faire, j’interroge des pratiques de gouvernementalité qui se manifestent dans les périphéries urbaines - et, en particulier, chez les jeunes qui y habitent - en les considérant comme le résultat d’un changement et d’une intensification de la façon dont l’Etat pratique la gouvernance des conduites. L’approche théorico-méthodologique utilisée ici se situe à l’interface des études de genre, des études culturelles et de l’anthropologie politique, s’appuyant notamment sur des perspectives qui proposent un rapprochement critique avec la théorisation foucaldienne. Le travail s’inscrit donc dans le champ d’une ethnographie post-moderne, à partir d’une combinaison de méthodologies et de modèles d’écriture divers. Pour procéder à mon analyse, j’ai choisi deux terrains de recherche. Le premier a été le quartier Guajuviras, à Canoas, ville de la région métropolitaine de Porto Alegre, dans l’Etat du Rio Grande do Sul, Brésil. Ce quartier accueille des actions du Programa Nacional de Segurança Pública e Cidadania (Pronasci), (Programme National de Sécurité Publique et de Citoyenneté), développées là-bas sous le nom Território de Paz (Territoire de Paix). Le deuxième terrain a été la ville de Grigny Centre, située dans la région métropolitaine de Paris et considérée comme l’une des plus « explosives » de la périphérie parisienne. J’y ai analysé un ensemble d’actions de prévention et de répression de la criminalité dans le cadre des politiques de la ville. Les sources de recherche ont été ainsi constituées : 1) documents officiels de la presse et tracts de diffusion ; 2) récits littéraires, musicaux et filmiques ; 3) annotations des souvenirs de terrain, transcriptions de groupes de discussion et entretiens ; 4) images photographiques. Les différents matériaux ont été analysés dans la perspective d’une analyse culturelle, ancrée dans la théorisation foucaldienne. Il a été possible de mettre en évidence le fait que les politiques de sécurité soient devenues des éléments capitaux dans l’agenda politique des deux pays, avec des propositions de solutions adressées aux jeunes hommes issus, surtout, des groupes considérés en situation de risque et de vulnérabilité sociale. Le Território de Paz au Brésil, se caractérise par une certaine technique de gouvernement. Il organise des activités de manière à (essayer) de réguler la diversité de la vie juvénile. En France, l’Etat procède de manière à criminaliser et à culpabiliser la jeunesse pauvre, arabe et noire, pour des situations considérées auparavant comme de simples incivilités. En ce qui concerne les jeunes et l’élaboration de leurs formes identitaires, fortement traversées par des marqueurs de classe, race et genre au Brésil, et de genre et race / ethnie en France, il a été possible de mettre en exergue une force vitale encore peu valorisée comme puissance de changement : il s’agit de la capacité des jeunes à élaborer des théories sur leurs propres conditions et trajectoires personnelles. En effet, les jeunes perçoivent l’écart entre ce qui leur parait important pour leurs vies et ce que leur proposent ou leur offrent les politiques de l’Etat
This paper analyses certain forms of “governamentality” of the youth, as far as public security policies are concerned. Such policies are understood as reactions from the State to the expansion and generalization of a feeling of insecurity and fear in contemporary society. To that end, I discuss “governmentality” practices directed to suburban areas and in particular to the youngsters that live there. Such practices result from the intensification of State control over youngster behaviors. The theoretical-methodological approach results from the interaction of gender studies, cultural studies and political anthropology, in particular, the perspectives that maintain a critical proximity with Foucault’s thinking. Hence, this paper is situated in the field of post-modern ethnography resulting from a combination of methodologies and distinct narratives. To carry out my analysis, I have chosen two distinct research locations. One of such locations was the Guajuviras borough in Canoas, in the suburban area of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The National Program of Public Security and Citizenship (PRONASCI, from the acronym in Portuguese) carries out actions in Guajuviras borough. Those actions are implemented under the title of Território de Paz (Land of Peace). The second location was the town of Grigny Centre in the suburban area of Paris, France. Grigny Centre is considered one of the “hottest spots” among Paris suburban areas. I carried out the analysis of preventive and repressive measures to combat criminality in the context of politiques de la ville. The research sources employed were the following: (i) official documents, press reports and leaflets; (ii) literature, music and film; (iii) notes from field visits, transcripts of group discussions and interviews; (iv) photos. Such materials were assessed on the basis of the cultural analysis taking into account Foucault theoretical elements. Evidence confirmed that public security policies have become central elements in the political agenda of both countries. Based on that, solutions were proposed aiming at young men in situations of social risk and vulnerability. The Brazilian government initiative Território da Paz constitutes a “governamentality” technology. It organizes its activities (in an attempt) to regulate the diversity of situations in the life of juveniles. The actions by the French State, on the other hand, are carried out in a way that result in criminalizing and generating a sense of guilty in the poor youths of Arab or African origin for actions and situations that in the past were considered only as misdemeanors. As to the rationalizations from young men and women and to their identity construction, they were characterized by markers of class, race and gender in Brazil and, in France, by markers of race/ethnicity. It was possible to bring to the surface a vital energy linked to those rationalizations that has not been properly evaluated as an enabler for change. It represents the potential of young men and women to formulate their own theories regarding their own condition and life trajectories. It is my perception that young men and women acknowledge the existence o what is relevant to their lives and what is proposed or provided by the actions from the State

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50

Ginhoux, Bérangère. « Les Ultras. Sociologie de l'affrontement sportif et urbain ». Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STET2214.

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Résumé :

Ce travail de recherche porte sur l’engagement des supporters de football ultras. La plupart des recherches sur les supporters de football dégagent deux modèles de supportérisme« extrême » par rapport au supportérisme traditionnel : le modèle anglais (hooligans) et le modèle italien avec les groupes de supporters ultras. Ces derniers sont constitués en association de loi 1901 dont les membres les plus actifs sont très majoritairement des jeunes hommes de 15 à 30 ans. Leur manière de supporter repose sur une culture partisane et des activités propres (réalisation d’animations sur l’ensemble de la tribune, recours à des chants et des gestuelles spécifiques, utilisation d’engins pyrotechniques, organisation de déplacements,etc.). Cette recherche propose une étude détaillée du processus de constitution du collectif qu’est le groupe ultra et de son fonctionnement, à travers l’angle de la sociologie de la déviance et des notions de « sous-culture » (codes, règles, langage) ou celle de « carrière »(structure hiérarchisée, différents statuts, réputation). Mais l’objectif de ce travail est de dépasser une lecture monographique qui s’en tiendrait à la seule étude du fonctionnement interne du groupe ultra. Cette recherche s’inscrit ainsi dans une conception interactionniste de la déviance qui nécessite d’analyser l’action des déviants – celle des ultras - mais aussi celledes personnes qui réagissent à cette déviance, en l’occurrence celles des agents des services répressifs ou chargés de la sécurité des stades. Ce travail se propose de décrire et d’analyser les interactions entre les ultras, les groupes de supporters « adverses » et les acteurs de la sécurité (policiers, stadiers, directeurs de sécurité des stades) en privilégiant une ethnographie des situations et une description détaillée des pratiques sociales des ultras. En développant« une perspective en terme de monde social » (Strauss) nous nous efforçons d’appréhender le spectacle des ultras comme une production collective, sans cesse négociée et ré-ajustée par rapport à celle des autres acteurs et institutions publiques. Cette perspective permet également de travailler la façon dont les pratiques sociales et « culturelles » des ultras sont affectées notamment par le processus de criminalisation des supporters de football : les supporters ultras sont, en effet, devenus des « délinquants de stades » et la police s’est spécialisée dans la lutte contre ce phénomène sportif et urbain. Les supporters sont désormais surveillés,identifiés, fichés, parfois « interdits de stade » ou incarcérés. Dans le cadre de cette recherche,nous avons suivi l’évolution de ce monde contraint de s’ajuster et de s’adapter à ces différentes évolutions. L’objet de cette recherche est de décrire les processus sociaux qui traversent au quotidien le monde des ultras et qui provoquent sa segmentation et fragmentation en plusieurs « sous-mondes » (celui des interdits de stades, des supporters« indépendants » etc.). En mobilisant les outils descriptifs et analytiques de la sociologie interactionniste qualitative, ce travail entend prolonger la discussion avec les Culturals Studies, dont les travaux ont historiquement alimenté la majorité des travaux sur le supportérisme.Cette recherche repose sur un travail de terrain ethnographique mené par observation participante, principalement parmi les supporters ultras stéphanois – les Green Angels et les Magic fans-, et par entretiens semi-directifs auprès d’ultras et d’acteurs de la sécurité(policiers, stadiers, etc.) en France et à l’étranger. Elle s’appuie aussi sur l’analyse de nombreux documents indigènes, d’articles de presse et mobilise la photo-ethnographie
This work of research deals with the ultras football fans' engagement. Most of there searches about football fans reach two models of "extreme" sports fanaticism in comparison with the traditional sports fanaticism: the English model (hooligans) and the Italian one with the ultra supporters' groups. The latter are formed in association under the French Law of 1901, which the most active members are predominantly young men between 15 and 30 years old. Their way of supporting is based on a partisan culture and own activities (creation of activities in the whole terraces, resort to songs and specific gestures, use of pyrotechnic devices, organisation of travels, etc.).This research proposes a detailed study of the creation process of the collective that forms the ultra group and its functioning, through the sociology angle of the deviance and the"subculture" notions (codes, rules, language) or the one of the "career" (ranked structure,different status, reputation). Nevertheless, the objective of this work is to go beyond amonographic reading that would just give a study of the internal functioning of the ultragroup. This research falls within an interactionist conception of the deviance which requests an analysis of the deviants' action - the ultras' one - but also the one of the persons who reactto this deviance, in this case, the action of the law enforcement officers or the agents in charge of the stadium security. This work aims to describe and analyse the interactions between the ultras, the "opposing" supporters groups and the security actors (policemen, football stewards,stadium security directors) by favouring an ethnography of situations and a detailed description of the ultras' social practices. By developing " a perspective in terms of social world" (Strauss) we endeavour to comprehend the ultras' show as a collective production,always negotiated and readjusted in relation to the one of the other actors and the public institutions. This viewpoint also enables to work on the way the ultras' social and "cultural"practices are affected notably by the process of the football supporters' criminalisation: the ultra supporters became, in fact, the "stadium delinquents" and police get specialised in the struggle against this sportive and urban phenomenon. The supporters are now kept undersurveillance, identified, filed, and sometimes "stadium banned" or incarcerated. As part of this research, we have followed the evolution of this world forced to fit and to adapt itself to different developments. The purpose of this research is to describe the social processes that go through the ultras' world and causes its segmentation and fragmentation in several "subworlds"(the stadium banned's one, the "independent" supporters' one, etc.). Mobilising the descriptive and analytical tools of the qualitative interactionist sociology, this research aims to extend the discussion with the Culturals Studies, which works have historically fed most ofthe studies about the sports fanaticism. This research rests upon an ethnographic field work driven by participant observation,principally among the ultra supporters from Saint-Etienne - the Green Angels and the Magic fans -, and by semi-structured interviews with ultras and security actors (policemen, stewards,etc.) in France and abroad. It is also based on the analysis of numerous native documents,press articles and mobilise the photo-ethnography

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