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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Dispositional approach »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Dispositional approach"

Hauska, Jan. « The Causal Nature of Dispositions and Modality ». Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia 77, n^o 4 (31 janvier 2022) : 1213–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17990/rpf/2021_77_4_1213.

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Theories of modality which invoke possible worlds have recently been challenged by accounts that appeal to dispositional properties. A prominent strand of the accounts maintains that there is an intimate link between dispositions and possibility. The link is said to be captured by the proposition that, at first approximation, a state of affairs is possible just in case there is some actual disposition whose manifestation is (or includes) the state. Focusing on the most detailed exposition and defence of this approach, put forward by Barbara Vetter, I critically examine the adequacy of the view of dispositional properties on which it rests and which seems to be required by any plausible dispositionalist account of possibility. In the course of doing so, I offer arguments in favour of the causal nature of dispositions.

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PARAMESWARAN, GIRI, CHARLES M. CAMERON et LEWIS A. KORNHAUSER. « Bargaining and Strategic Voting on Appellate Courts ». American Political Science Review 115, n^o 3 (8 mars 2021) : 835–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055421000083.

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Many appellate courts and regulatory commissions simultaneously produce case dispositions and rules rationalizing the dispositions. We explore the properties of the American practice for doing this. We show that the median judge is pivotal over case dispositions, although she and others may not vote sincerely. Strategic dispositional voting is more likely when the case location is extreme, resulting in majority coalitions that give the appearance of less polarization on the court than is the case. The equilibrium policy created in the majority opinion generically does not coincide with the ideal policy of the median judge in either the dispositional majority or the bench as a whole. Rather, opinions approach a weighted center of the dispositional majority but often reflect the preferences of the opinion author. We discuss some empirical implications of the American practice for jointly producing case dispositions and rules.

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Toyama, Miki. « Dispositional optimism and approach coping ». Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 77 (19 septembre 2013) : 1EV—074–1EV—074. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.77.0_1ev-074.

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Tiles, J. E. « A ‘rationalist’ approach to dispositional concepts ». Theoria 51, n^o 1 (11 février 2008) : 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-2567.1985.tb00083.x.

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Valtierra, Kristina M., et Lesley N. Siegel. « Dispositions for Inclusive Literacy : Fostering an Equitable and Empowering Education for Academically Diverse Learners ». Journal of Curriculum and Teaching 8, n^o 3 (25 août 2019) : 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jct.v8n3p111.

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This article offers teacher educators’ practical methods for, and shares findings from a study of, developing teachercandidate dispositions for inclusive literacy. Based on the extensive teacher disposition literature, the authors discernthat dispositions for inclusive literacy include the belief that all students have valid ways of being literate; the valueof inclusive literacy experiences for all students; and an attitude that all students should be participants in meaningfulliteracy experiences. Using a within-site case study approach, qualitative thematic analysis of three assignments usedin a literacy teaching methods course suggest that it is possible to shift narrow dispositions to broader and moreinclusive conceptualizations that support struggling readers and students with disabilities in the general educationclassroom. Conclusions suggest that dispositional development toward inclusive literacy can support teachercandidates’ implementation of inclusive literacy practices; thus, fostering an equitable and empowering education foracademically diverse learners.

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Whitaker, Manya C., et Kristina Marie Valtierra. « The dispositions for culturally responsive pedagogy scale ». Journal for Multicultural Education 12, n^o 1 (9 avril 2018) : 10–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jme-11-2016-0060.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to develop and validate the dispositions for culturally responsive pedagogy scale (DCRPS). Design/methodology/approach Scale development consisted of a six-step process including item development, expert review, exploratory factor analysis, factor interpretation, confirmatory factor analysis and convergent and discriminant validity analyses. Findings The final scale contains 19 Likert items across three dispositional domains: Disposition for Praxis, Disposition for Community and Disposition for Social Justice. The alpha reliability value for the overall scale was 0.92. Practical implications The DCRPS can be used in teacher preparation programs for programmatic evaluation, for teacher candidate growth assessment or for career counseling. Originality/value Other scales related to multicultural education reflect teachers’ general beliefs about diversity and/or inclusive education. The DCRPS is the first scale that assesses teachers’ beliefs and attitudes underlying culturally responsive teaching practices.

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Mantel, Susanne. « Three Cheers for Dispositions : A Dispositional Approach to Acting for a Normative Reason ». Erkenntnis 82, n^o 3 (26 juillet 2016) : 561–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10670-016-9832-8.

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Kihlstrom, John F., Patricia A. Register, Irene P. Hoyt, Jeanne Sumi Albright, Ellen M. Grigorian, William C. Heindel et Charles R. Morrison. « Dispositional Correlates of Hypnosis : A Phenomenological Approach ». International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 37, n^o 3 (juillet 1989) : 249–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207148908414476.

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Dilworth, John. « A Naturalistic, Reflexive Dispositional Approach to Perception ». Southern Journal of Philosophy 43, n^o 4 (décembre 2005) : 583–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-6962.2005.tb01970.x.

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Allen, Tammy D. « Mentoring others : A dispositional and motivational approach ». Journal of Vocational Behavior 62, n^o 1 (février 2003) : 134–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-8791(02)00046-5.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Dispositional approach"

Imel, Janna L. « FROM SUNRISE TO SUNSET : A LIFESPAN APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING THE MENTAL HEALTH OF A SUBSET OF AMERICAN FARMERS ». VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5967.

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Prior research has indicated higher risk of suicide for farmers and identified depression and anxiety as mental health concerns, though the majority of research was conducted in the 1980s-1990s. In today’s economic, social, and political climate, farmers are exposed to situations and stressors reminiscent of the 1980s Farm Crisis. An added risk is the aging workforce of farmers, as age-related conditions can make farming even riskier. This study investigated the mental health of a subset of American farmers by exploring farm-related stressors, coping mechanisms, and mental health outcomes. Dispositional mindfulness was explored as a specific coping mechanism. Participants (N = 158) were recruited through in-person and online surveys. All participants were farmers in the United States at the time of the study, with the majority farming in the state of Kentucky (48.7%). Participants were predominantly female (55.4%), White (98.1%), married (77.1%), and multi-generation farmers (69.2%). Participants completed measures of farm stress, general stress, depressive and anxious symptoms, coping, resilience, and dispositional mindfulness. Hierarchical linear regressions and moderation analyses were used to examine study aims. Results showed that farmers in this sample experience rates of depressive symptoms 1.5 times to 4.5 times higher than the national population, as well as rates of anxiety symptoms 1.5 times higher than the national population. Results also revealed that farmers with higher levels of farm stress are at a higher risk for anxious and depressive symptomology. Age appeared to be a protective factor, as older farmers reported the lowest levels of farm stress. Being a female was associated with higher farm stress. Regarding coping, over half of farmers endorsed using “planning” as the top strategy for coping with farm-related stressors. Farmers higher in dispositional mindfulness had better mental health ratings and lower farm stress. Further results and implications of the findings are discussed.

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Ormandy, Elizabeth Mary. « Examining the behaviour of re-gifting using a multi-method approach ». Thesis, University of Canterbury. Management, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6212.

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This study investigated the behaviour of re-gifting using both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Re-gifting is the gift-giving behaviour of giving a gift that was previously given to you, to another with the pretence that you purchased the gift. The qualitative phase used semi-structured interviews to uncover an initial understanding of re-gifting behaviour from participants’ selected using purposive sampling. The main findings arising from this phase showed that re-gifters used three main factors to determine when it is appropriate to re-gift. These three factors, relationship, occasion and gift were used as the basis of the conceptual framework. This framework was then analysed using an online experiment with the use of vignette techniques which was the focus of the quantitative phase. The study focused on understanding what influences individuals decisions to re-gift. The main factors of interest were how the gift, occasion and relationships involved influenced re-gifting intentions. Re-gifting attitudes where analysed using the factors gift-giving attitudes, previous re-gifting experiences and frequency of re-gifting. A total of 211 responses were collected from Web users from around the world. The study suggests that re-gifters are influenced by the relationships involved and the type of gift, not the occasion. Re-gifting attitudes can be influenced by previous re-gifting experiences. This study has numerous practical implications, more specifically for retailers and charity organisations. This study adds major contributions to both gift-giving and disposition literature and introduces the area of re-gifting. Future research in cultural differences, gender differences and re-gifters versus non re-gifters suggested.

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Traore, Ousmane. « Les infractions pénales en matière familiale : approche comparative des droits français et malien ». Thesis, Perpignan, 2021. https://theses-public.univ-perp.fr/2021PERP0008.pdf.

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Cellule de base de toute société, la famille est l’une des structures auxquelles le droit a octroyé plus de considérations tant dans le sens de la protection de l’institution famille que les membres vulnérables qui la composent. Toutefois, cette protection se montre parfois inefficace dans la mesure où elle porte souvent plus de préjudices à la victime qu’elle ne la protège d’où l’intérêt de notre thèse qui vise non seulement à étudier les comportements qui portent atteinte à la famille dans son ensemble, mais également à consacrer une part importante à la classification et au traitement des infractions familiales et, enfin, de proposer des solutions concrètes tirées sur le terrain. L’étude comparative que nous menons dans le cadre de cette thèse consiste à analyser et comparer les avantages comme les inconvénients que présente le système juridique français, influencé par le droit catholique et le droit malien qui prend sa source dans la tradition et dans l’islam en vue de permettre à l’un de se corriger à l’image de l’autre
A basic unit of any society, the family is one of the structures to which the right has given more consideration both in terms of the protection of the family institution and the vulnerable members of it. However, this protection is sometimes ineffective to the extent that it often harms the victim more than it protects the victim, hence the interest of our thesis, which aims not only to study behaviour that harms the family as a whole, but also to devote a significant part to the classification and treatment of family offences and, finally, to propose concrete solutions drawn from the field. The comparative study we are conducting as part of this thesis is to analyze and compare the benefits as the disadvantages of the French legal system, influenced by Catholic law and Malian law which originates in tradition and Islam in order to allow one to correct itself in the image of the other

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Bouattour, Mondher. « Efficience informationnelle, sous-réaction à l'information et effet de disposition : Une approche expérimentale ». Phd thesis, Toulouse 1, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00762233.

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La sous-réaction à l'information constitue l'une des anomalies à l'hypothèse d'efficience informationnelle. Plusieurs explications en finance comportementale ont été avancées à ce phénomène. Selon Grinblatt et Han (2005), cet écart entre le prix du titre et sa valeur fondamentale est la résultante de l'effet de disposition. Afin d'étudier l'ajustement des prix à la valeur fondamentale, nous avons suivi une approche expérimentale. Pour chacun des deux traitements étudiés, six sessions expérimentales ont été réalisées. 69 sujets ont participé au premier traitement et 72 au deuxième. Les résultats montrent une sous-réaction des prix à un changement de la valeur fondamentale dans chacun des traitements. Cette sous-réaction existe suite aux hausses qu'aux baisses de la valeur fondamentale. Les résultats montrent aussi que l'ajustement des prix est faible quand la plupart des sujets négocient le titre avec une perte en papier. Enfin, la sous-réaction est à son faible niveau quand les sujets, en situation de gain en papier, reçoivent une bonne nouvelle.

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Morales, Jennifer. « Measuring Teacher Dispositions Toward Teaching Sustainable Systems : A Mixed Methods Approach for Instrument Development and Psychometric Testing ». FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2188.

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Sustainability concerns have become prevalent in environmental, societal, and economic systems. To address education towards sustainability the need for explicit instruction in sustainable systems is apparent; however, it is underrepresented in American schools. Despite the emergence of sustainability topics in the literature, few have addressed teacher dispositions about providing this needed instruction and none have reported quantitative measures with acceptable estimates of reliability and validity.Dispositions are defined as the tendency to act in a particular manner that aligns with an individual’s belief which can develop and change over time, and are influenced by the experiences and circumstances faced by the individual. To provide the necessary instruction not only are instructors responsible for the curricular content and pedagogical content, but most importantly, they must possess positive dispositions towards providing this instruction. The purpose of this study was to construct and determine estimates of the validity and reliability of the Dispositions Toward Teaching Sustainable Systems Instrument. Using a sequential mixed methods design and Luyt’s Framework for instrument development the researcher, using qualitative methods such as interviews, identified themes that were supportive of the theoretical construct. The four themes that emerged were: administrative support, outdoor resources, collaboration, and professional development, all receiving above 80% interrater agreement (n=3 judges). The quantitative aspect identified the key indicators (items) and their estimates of reliability and validity, and their goodness of fit to the four theoretical constructs. Content validity estimates of the items generated from the interviews were explored using expert judges (n=2) in the area of sustainability education, also achieving above 80% agreement. Participants enrolled in three succeeding semesters of the Teaching Elementary Science Methods course (n=233) were then used to further estimate the reliability (α >.08), construct validity (normed chi-Square = 2.04; GFI=.86 RMSEA =.076; NFI=.96 CFI =.98 PGFI=.634 binomial index of model fit ppR=.271 R2=.073 (4,227)=4.5 pp

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Kloppers, Magdalena Maria. « Die ontwikkeling van ’n kurrikulum-gebaseerde bemiddelingsbenadering vir die aanmoediging van kritiese denkingesteldhede en houdings by tweedejaar-wiskundeonderwysstudente / Magdalena Maria Kloppers ». Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/10450.

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This study was undertaken in an attempt to determine the degree to which second year Mathematics education students consider critical thinking dispositions and attitudes to be important and to develop a curriculum-based mediational approach based on the data, to encourage the critical thinking dispositions and attitudes that appeared to be in need of encouragement. A literature study was undertaken to determine the positive critical thinking dispositions and attitudes students should possess. In addition it was also determined which teaching learning approaches will benefit the development of critical thinking dispositions and attitudes the most. The advantages as well as the processes and components that should form part of the mediational approach for the development of critical thinking dispositions were examined. A two-phase, sequential, explanatory mixed method study was subsequently undertaken with second-year Mathematics students at a South African university. The quantitative study made use of a self-developed questionnaire to determine the degree to which students consider critical thinking dispositions and attitudes important. Data emanating from the questionnaires were analysed and questions that had to be answered in narrative format were set for each student according to their own responses on the questionnaire. Narratives formed part of the qualitative component of the study in which students had to indicate factors that influence their critical thinking dispositions and attitudes, what could be done to improve the apparent unimportant critical thinking dispositions and attitudes and whether they regard the critical thinking dispositions and attitudes as important. Narratives were analysed and the results were used to explain the quantitative data. Results revealed that second year Mathematics education students do not consider critical thinking dispositions and attitudes, in particular inquisitiveness but also judiciousness, open-mindedness, systematicity, truth-seeking, analyticity and confidence in critical thinking to be very important and therefore these critical thinking dispositions and attitudes appeared to require encouragement. A curriculum-based mediational approach based on a section in the existing Mathematics module for second year education students was developed in order to encourage critical thinking dispositions in Mathematics. The study concluded with recommendations to encourage critical thinking dispositions and attitudes as well as proposals for future studies.
PhD, Education, North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2012

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Rose, Kristopher J. « Stages of change in dispositional optimism, development and evaluation of cognitive-behavioural and psychoeducational approaches to enhance quality of life ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0001/MQ32504.pdf.

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Robert, Alexandre. « Une approche sociomusicologique de la création musicale : la pratique de la composition pianistique de Déodat de Séverac ». Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040165.

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Comment Déodat de Séverac élabore-t-il ses œuvres pianistiques ? L’enjeu de cette thèse est de comprendre et d’expliquer les manières singulières que ce compositeur a d’écrire pour le piano au prisme des diverses dispositions (c’est-à-dire des diverses tendances à agir, à penser, à sentir, etc.) forgées au sein des cadres de socialisations qu’il est amené à fréquenter au cours de sa trajectoire biographique. Afin de restituer le « faire » pianistique de Déodat de Séverac (ses dispositions, ses logiques pratiques, ses schèmes esthétiques, etc.) et ses éventuelles mutations au long de sa trajectoire, l’auteur articule trois opérations analytiques : la reconstruction des espaces sociaux et des cadres de socialisation successifs traversés par le compositeur tels que la sphère familiale, les cercles littéraires régionalistes et surtout les deux pôles antagonistes de l’avant-garde du champ musical français que sont la Schola Cantorum et la bande des « Apaches » ; l’analyse des actions et des discours du compositeur ; l’analyse musicale de l’ensemble de sa production pianistique. Cette enquête sociomusicologique repose ainsi sur un travail sur archives et sur l’exploitation de plusieurs types de sources, des divers écrits du compositeur – comme sa correspondance ou ses critiques musicales notamment – aux multiples traces musicales de ses œuvres – éditions originales des partitions, manuscrits ou esquisses – en passant par les nombreux indices de ses interactions avec ses contemporains – notamment les écrits sur Séverac et les lettres qui lui sont adressées
How does Déodat de Séverac develop his piano works? This thesis purpose is to understand and explain the composer’s singular ways of writing for the piano through the various dispositions (that is to say the various tendencies to act, to think, to feel, etc.) forged within the frames of socialization he is led to frequent all along his trajectory. To restore the Déodat de Séverac’s “compositional doing” (his dispositions, his practical logics, his aesthetic schemes, etc.) and its possible transformations, the author articulates three analytical operations : a reconstruction of the successive frames of socialization crossed by the composer (such as the familial sphere, the regionalist literary circles, or the two opposing poles of the avant-garde of the French musical field that are the Schola Cantorum and the group of the “Apaches”) ; an analysis of the actions and the speeches of the composer ; an analysis of his whole piano production. This sociomusicological investigation is based on a work on archives and on an exploitation of several types of sources, from the writings of the composer – such as his correspondence or his music criticisms – to the various musical tracks of his works – original edited scores, manuscripts or sketches – via the numerous indications of his interactions with his contemporaries – particularly the writings on Séverac and the letters that are addressed to him

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Mwiiyale, Laina Natangwe. « Exploring the influence of a multiliteracies approach on Grade 11 Physical Sciences learners' sense making and dispositions towards graphs of motion ». Thesis, Rhodes University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/17605.

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Namibian students perform poorly in Physical Sciences and the Physics component in particular (DNEA, 2013). The Namibian Senior Secondary Certificate (NSSC) Examiner's report (DNEA, 2014) also reveals that many Physical Science learners have difficulties demonstrating an understanding of basic physics required for working with kinematic graphs (graphical representation of motion). Kinematics is an important tool in understanding the motion of objects - whether translational, oscillatory or circular. In kinematics, the relationships between distance, displacement, speed, velocity or acceleration and time are represented in graphs of motion. In teaching the topic, using graphs can be an alternative to the use of abstract formulas, or formulas can be used along with graphical representations to facilitate student understanding (Behzak, 2006). This study explored the influence of the multiliteracies approach on grade 11 Physical Science learners' dispositions and sense making towards graphs of motion. The intervention being investigated is informed by the Pedagogy of Multiliteracies (PoM) framework by Cazden et al., (1996) with the focus on overt instruction, situated practice, critical framing and transformed practice using semiotic patterns of meaning, in conjunction with Vygotsky's (1978) social constructivism theory - particularly, its notion of mediation. This action research study employed the interpretive paradigm. Data were collected using a pre-test, stimulated recall interviews, lesson observations, a post-test and learners' reflections. Data were coded and the codes then categorized into different themes in order to answer the research questions. The findings of this study were that learners are better able to make sense of graphs of motions when a PoM approach is employed. Their dispositions towards graphs of motion also improved as a result of the PoM intervention, due to it enabling a better understanding of kinematics concepts. This study also contributed to the professional development of the researcher, particularly in terms of it contributing to a broader understanding of the research and possible usefulness of semiotic mediation in science education. Implications of the study include the possibility of including the PoM approach in science teacher education and training programme curricula.

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Vaisse, Curtis. « Essai d’une nouvelle problématique de lutte contre la contrefaçon contemporaine : approche globale des techniques préventives et répressives des trafics de produits contrefaisants ». Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05D017.

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Livres sur le sujet "Dispositional approach"

Kilduff, Martin. "A dispositional approach to social networks : The case of organisational choice". Fontainbleau : INSEAD, 1986.

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Israel, Susan E. Dynamic literacy instruction : Using a dispositions approach for professional development. Norwood, Mass : Christopher-Gordon, 2008.

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Hebb, Michael. An approach to simulated patient oral examinations in emergency medicine : A management protocol (from initial presentation to disposition) for real or simulated patients. Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada : Woodlawn Medical Clinic, 1992.

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Hebb, Michael. An approach to simulated patient oral examinations in emergency medicine : A management protocol (from initial presentation to disposition) for real or simulated patients. 2^e éd. Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada : Woodlawn Medical Clinic, 1993.

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Bagnati, Gaia, Melania Cassan et Alice Morelli. Le varietà del naturalismo. Venice : Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-325-0.

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‘Naturalism’ is a category that applies to different philosophical perspectives sharing the idea that nature is the primary object of philosophical enquiry. However, the philosophical debate of the second half of the twentieth century, mainly within analytical philosophy, has led towards an identification of naturalism with the sole scientific naturalism. The volume contains the proceedings of a doctoral workshop, in which PhD students and professors of Ca’ Foscari University of Venice and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne critically discussed this tendency. The contributions present some versions of naturalism, from ancient to contemporary philosophy, with the aim of showing how a naturalistic approach, together with some notions it implies (i.e. nature, habits, disposition, behaviour), may constitute valid categories of interpretation of reality out of a scientist paradigm.

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Greg, Andonian, Lasker G. E. 1935-, International Institute for Advanced Studies in Systems Research and Cybernetics. et International Conference on Systems Research, Informatics and Cybernetics (10th : 1998 : Baden-Baden, Germany), dir. Advances in systems research and cybernetics : Consciousness--cognition--communication--intelli gence, patterns and forms of life, cognition systems research, language, dispositions, adaptation, emergence and representations, third order cybernetics, quantum theory and evolutionary biology, modeling aquatic ecological systems, architecture and cybernetics, transparency, ephemerality & tectonics in architectural design, poetics, color and kinetics : content & computing, digital-human interface in CAAD, computerized communication of design, a new approach to the examination of musical styles. Windsor, Ont : International Institute for Advanced Studies in Systems Research and Cybernetics, 1999.

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Alvarez, Maria. Desires, Dispositions and the Explanation of Action. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199370962.003.0005.

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We often explain human actions by reference to the desires of the person whose actions we are explaining: “Jane is studying law because she wants to become a judge.” But how do desires explain actions? A widely accepted view is that desires are dispositional states that are manifested in behavior. Accordingly, desires explain actions as ordinary physical dispositions, such as fragility or conductivity, explain their manifestations, namely causally. This paper argues that desires, unlike ordinary physical dispositions, are “manifestation-dependent dispositions”: dispositions whose attribution depends on their having been manifested. This feature of desires, I suggest, favours a “context-placing” approach to understanding how desires explain actions.

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Lau, Hi-Po Bobo, et Cecilia Cheng. The Yin-Yang of Stress. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199348541.003.0020.

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Dialectical thinking refers to the (primarily East Asian) tendency to tolerate contradiction, expect change, and perceive interconnections. Drawing upon a process-oriented approach to coping, in this chapter, two pathways through which dialectical thinking may influence East Asians’ ways of coping are proposed. First, dialectical (and holistic) thinking may enable East Asians to attribute events to both situational and dispositional factors. This breadth in attribution may lead to the perception of less personal control, as well as a weaker association between perceived personal control and coping outcomes among East Asians than among Westerners. In addition, dialectical thinking may facilitate complex cognitive processes such as differentiation and integration, and a reduced need for closure. In turn, this facilitates flexibility in appraising the controllability of stressful events and deployment of situation-appropriate coping responses (i.e., coping flexibility). Areas for future research are also discussed in the chapter.

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Lorino, Philippe. Habits. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198753216.003.0003.

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This chapter presents a brief historical survey of action theorizing in organization research. Although central in the life of organizations, situated action has gradually been set aside by the mainstream of management and organization research as a theoretical object and a managerial issue, and replaced by the paradigm of information processing. The chapter illustrates the paradigm’s limits with two short case studies, setting out the pragmatist theory of action and its fundamental concept of “habit.” For pragmatists, meaningful action is the only way for human beings to be present in the world. They reject the “mind-first” view, where action is preceded and molded by “pure” thought, rooted in the idealist thought/action dualism. They reject the “stimulus–response” model and view habit as strictly dispositional and relational, compatible with situated meaning-making. They establish a constitutive link between belief and habit, thought and action. Their approach poses specific methodological and managerial challenges.

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Hoefer, Carl. Chance in the World. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190907419.001.0001.

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This book argues that objective chance, or probability, should not be understood as a metaphysical primitive, nor as a dispositional property of certain systems (“propensity”). Given that traditional accounts of objective probability in terms of frequencies are widely agreed to be also untenable, there is a clear need for a new account that can overcome the problems of older views. A Humean, reductive analysis of objective chance is offered, one partially based on the work of David Lewis, but diverging from Lewis’ approach in many respects. It is shown that “Humean objective chances” (HOCs) can fulfill the role that chances are supposed to play of being a guide to one’s subjective expectations. In a chapter coauthored by Roman Frigg, HOC is shown to make sense of physics’ uses of objective probabilities, both in statistical mechanics and quantum mechanics. And in the final chapter, the relationship between chance and causation is analyzed; it is argued that there is no direct connection between causation and objective chance, but that, instead, causation is related to subjective probability.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Dispositional approach"

Schwitzgebel, Eric. « A Dispositional Approach to Attitudes : Thinking Outside of the Belief Box ». Dans New Essays on Belief, 75–99. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137026521_5.

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Baba, Hiromi, Jun-ichi Takahara et Fumiyoshi Yamashita. « In Silico Approach ». Dans Skin Permeation and Disposition of Therapeutic and Cosmeceutical Compounds, 363–76. Tokyo : Springer Japan, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56526-0_32.

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Reardon, Daniel. « The Myers-Goodboy/Dok Approach to Positive Disposition through Feedback Training In Preservice Teacher Education ». Dans Dispositions in Teacher Education, 57–75. Rotterdam : SensePublishers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6300-552-4_3.

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Sugibayashi, Kenji. « Related Topic : Prodrug Approach ». Dans Skin Permeation and Disposition of Therapeutic and Cosmeceutical Compounds, 205–24. Tokyo : Springer Japan, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56526-0_17.

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Mantel, Susanne. « The Causal Approach and the Role of Dispositions ». Dans Determined by Reasons, 13–41. 1 [edition]. | New York : Routledge, 2018. | Series : Routledge studies in ethics and moral theory ; 44 : Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351186353-3.

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Walter, Carl E. « The Utilitarian Approach To The Disposition Of Plutonium ». Dans Advanced Nuclear Systems Consuming Excess Plutonium, 287–96. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0860-0_24.

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Alemán, Ana M. Martínez. « Generational Dispositions of Women Faculty : A Critical Examination ». Dans Critical Approaches to Women and Gender in Higher Education, 215–34. New York : Palgrave Macmillan US, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59285-9_10.

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Barrière, Olivier, Jun Li et Fahima Nekka. « A Visual Representation of the Drug Input and Disposition Based on a Bayesian Approach ». Dans Mathematics in Industry, 221–28. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05365-3_30.

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Nichols, John W. « Modeling the Uptake and Disposition of Hydrophobic Organic Chemicals in Fish Using a Physiologically Based Approach ». Dans The Practical Applicability of Toxicokinetic Models in the Risk Assessment of Chemicals, 109–33. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3437-0_6.

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Galkienė, Alvyra, et Ona Monkevičienė. « Development of Knowledgeable and Resourceful Learners ». Dans Inclusive Learning and Educational Equity, 145–86. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80658-3_7.

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AbstractThis chapter introduces a study carried out in the context of the transformation of the Lithuanian education system towards inclusive education, with the aim of revealing the educational factors that contribute to students becoming knowledgeable and resourceful expert learners in the universal design for learning (UDL) approach. The UDL framework was chosen as a systematic reasoning instrument for the teacher and the school, aiding in achieving the development of expert learner qualities in every student in the general education context and ensuring the quality of inclusive education. The chapter briefly introduces the theoretical approach of the research, the context of Lithuanian education and the school where the research took place, which is relevant for the interpretation of the results, and other important methodological aspects. The research data show that applying the UDL approach helped the teachers to modify the educational process in order to develop in students the qualities of knowledgeable and resourceful expert learners. The results, presented in a structured manner in the chapter, reveal the process and contributing educational factors to students’ becoming actively perceiving, self-directed, knowledge-creating and co-creating learners and learners constructing their own deep comprehension. The research data reveal the methods used by the teachers to recognise and overcome the barriers in cultivating these qualities in their students. We also identified the emerging changes in teachers’ dispositions when applying the UDL approach and designing lessons aimed at promoting the qualities of knowledgeable and resourceful expert learners.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Dispositional approach"

Liu, Tie-min, Qing-guo Zhai et Yu-wen Yang. « Integrative Approach to the Situational and Dispositional Antecedents of Job Satisfaction ». Dans 2009 International Conference on Management and Service Science (MASS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmss.2009.5301036.

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Dudek, Zygmunt. « Rola i miejsce policji w społecznościach lokalnych ». Dans Nové trendy profesijnej prípravy v Ozbrojených silách. Akadémia ozbrojených síl generála Milana Rastislava Štefánika, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52651/ntpp.b.2022.9788080406301.115-124.

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Among the dispositional groups of the state paramilitary security system, the police are perceived by society to the greatest extent as a restrictive institution. Representatives of this formation are often associated with demanding, controlling, interfering and punishing, although they were called to help citizens and care for public safety and order. Very important from the point of view of qualifications to serve in the Police, apart from the substantive and skilful preparation of a policeman, is his approach to serving the society. A police officer, in order to be able to fulfill his official duties as honestly as possible, was provided by the state with a special scope of powers and duties, allowing for interference with the rights and freedoms of citizens.

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Muscă, Loredana-Maria, Ovidiu Stefanescu, Magda Ecaterina Antohe, Ioana Rudnic, Cătălin Pleșea-Condratovici et Stefan Lucian Burlea. « ANNIVERSARY DEPRESSION ». Dans The European Conference of Psychiatry and Mental Health "Galatia". Archiv Euromedica, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35630/2022/12/psy.ro.15.

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ntroduction: Anniversary depressions are characterized by a dispositional change dominated by sadness, revolt against "destiny", regret and often self-accusations and suicidal concerns. They reflect a close correlation with a stressful event, especially localized during the family lifetime, such as the death of the child, the parent, partner or other loved ones. Anniversary depression occurs spontaneously with the approach of the trauma event or even at the anniversary of it. Symptoms of depression may occur a few days or weeks before and culminate at the anniversary when some of the depressed guilty feelings are shut down in their own painful intimacy (with high suicidal risk) and the others revolt against the destiny and "the guilty". Aim: The objective of this study is to evaluate young people's opinions about anniversary depression. Method: A questionnaire derived from HAM-D (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale) was applied to a group of 56 students during the year 2019. A quantitative and qualitative assessment of young people's perception of depressive symptomatology was evaluated. Applied questionnaires comply with the privacy rules of Law 46/2003 (A) and EU Regulation 2016/679. Conclusions: From the investigated group it results than 93% know someone who has experienced a traumatic episode. Of the 56 examines a significant proportion know or have experienced a traumatic event with an impact on mood (79%). Behavioural changes associated with the traumatic event or recall of such an event (in decreasing frequency) are sleeping disorders 79%, mood disorders 77%, appetite change 48%, somatoform accusations 36%, suicidal tendency 30%, decreasing useful yields 25 %, feelings of guilt 21%, decrease in alcohol consumption 14%, increase in alcohol consumption 7%.

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Kozlov, I., P. Kuznetsov, S. Novikov, I. Sevryukov et V. Tatarinov. « Modern approaches to rocket propellant disposition ». Dans XLIII ACADEMIC SPACE CONFERENCE : dedicated to the memory of academician S.P. Korolev and other outstanding Russian scientists – Pioneers of space exploration. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5133192.

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Earnest, Jenny, Hannah Carlon et Margo Hurlocker. « Dispositional Mindfulness Profiles and Cannabis Use among College Students ». Dans 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.40.

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The benefits of mindfulness have been well documented across several domains, including stress reduction, coping with chronic diseases, and relationship satisfaction. Previous research cites mindfulness as a protective factor against risky substance use, but the specific association between dispositional mindfulness (also known as trait mindfulness) and cannabis use has been inconsistent, with some studies finding a negative association and one reporting no significant relationship. Notably, much of the previous research has relied on variable-centered approaches. Only a handful of prior studies within the marijuana literature have utilized person-centered approaches, and only one has specifically examined dispositional mindfulness in relation to patterns of use. The present work advances scientific understanding by using a latent profile analysis to identify subtypes of dispositional mindfulness and their relation to cannabis use behaviors (i.e., cannabis use frequency, cannabis problems, and hazardous cannabis use) in a sample of college students. College students from seven universities across six states participated in an online survey of substance use and risk/protective factors. The current sample comprised 2,249 students who completed the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and measures of cannabis use. Findings revealed four discrete profiles of dispositional mindfulness: High-Traits profile (13%; characterized by high scores across all dispositional mindfulness facets), a Moderate-Traits profile (65%; characterized by moderate scores across all dispositional mindfulness facets), a Non-Judgmentally Aware profile (10%; marked by low scores on observing and nonreactivity, but high scores on non-judgment and acting with awareness), and an Observing Nonreactive profile (12%; composed of individuals with high scores on observing and nonreactivity). The Observing Nonreactive class reported the highest levels of marijuana consequences and hazardous use, while the remaining three groups did not differ significantly from one another in terms of problematic use. However, the Moderate-Traits class reported significantly more consequences than those in the High Traits and Non-Judgmentally Aware profiles. These results build upon the only known study that investigates how dispositional mindfulness relates to cannabis use. We found four homogenous profiles rather than three, including two classes that were previously uncovered (High Traits and Non-Judgmentally Aware). This research lends support to the finding that distinct facets of dispositional mindfulness differentially relate to cannabis use. Specifically, whereas high levels of the nonjudgmental and awareness facets appear protective against risky cannabis use, the observing and nonreactive facets appear related to risky cannabis use, and thus, merit further scrutinization. Further research is needed to elucidate the relationship between the five facets of dispositional mindfulness and cannabis use—gaining clarity on how the facets predict marijuana outcomes can help guide the substance use field toward more effective prevention and treatment of cannabis misuse and cannabis use disorder.

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De Ronde, Christian. « IMMANENT POWERS VERSUS CAUSAL POWERS (PROPENSITIES, LATENCIES AND DISPOSITIONS) IN QUANTUM MECHANICS ». Dans II International Workshop on Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Information. Physical, Philosophical and Logical Approaches. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813276895_0008.

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Barker, Fred, et Mike Sadnicki. « The Disposition of Civil Plutonium in the UK ». Dans ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1271.

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Abstract This paper presents the findings of research on potential strategies for the management of separated plutonium in the UK*. These strategies include the use of plutonium as a reactor fuel (MOX), or immobilising it as a waste. The paper reviews the hurdles to MOX fuel use in the UK. These include the need for large-scale subsidy for building new reactors. Estimates for the scale of the subsidy are presented. It also reviews the hurdles to immobilising plutonium using a ‘can-in-canister’ approach with vitrified High Level Waste (HLW), as originally proposed in the US. The paper discusses the requirements of alternative immobilization strategies. It identifies a range of options and presents cost estimates. The paper addresses the question of what would constitute a cost-effective approach to immobilization in a UK context.

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Wenglarz, Richard A. « Turbine Disposition, Erosion and Corrosion Evaluations Using a Simplified Test Approach ». Dans ASME 1987 International Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/87-gt-214.

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New applications and fuels (such as coal) that increase the potential for flow path degradation due to deposition, erosion, and corrosion (DEC) are being considered for gas turbines. Cascade and turbine DEC tests representing the flow paths of the specific turbines of concern will eventually be necessary for final verification of fuels and DEC control approaches. However, these tests are expensive and are not readily interpretable for other conditions (e.g., fuels and flow passage variations) than those tested. Consequently, relatively inexpensive simplified tests that provide an understanding of the DEC degradation processes are needed to screen the numerous possible candidate fuels and DEC control approaches. The most promising alternatives determined from simplified tests could then be verified in more expensive cascade and turbine tests. This paper discusses simplified DEC tests and complementary data extrapolation approaches that provide and interpret data in a manner that enhances understanding of DEC processes and that can be used to estimate DEC in operating turbines. A new test facility that has been designed for relatively inexpensive turbine DEC evaluations using these approaches is described.

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Meikle, Thomas L., William R. Wetmore et Mark A. Gray. « Transient and Fatigue Monitoring Operational Feedback Application and Evaluation ». Dans ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-29102.

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Reviewing online monitoring data led engineers at a U. S. domestic power plant to discover some periodic transient activity occurring in the unisolable sections of the plant’s safety injection (SI) lines. This activity typically occurred when the plant approached hot standby conditions after an outage. After performing an investigation, it was concluded that the activity was caused by periodic SI check valve testing. Effective review and disposition of the monitoring results supported engineering feedback to operations personnel with recommendations for performing check valve testing to mitigate further thermal shocks on the downstream components. Engineering was also able to classify the observed transient activity as one of the transients in the SI line licensing basis, to justify continued operation without significant engineering analysis, using the WESTEMS™ Design Envelopes approach to transient cycle counting. This paper describes the approaches used to identify the unexpected transient activity, evaluate and classify the activity using an efficient automated approach, and to develop recommendations for mitigating actions for plant operation.

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Peccia, Nestor, Michael Dyck, Alvaro Espada et Richard Corkill. « Towards a CCSDS XML Packaging Approach in the ESA Data Disposition System ». Dans SpaceOps 2002 Conference. Reston, Virigina : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-t5-02.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Dispositional approach"

Cobb, M. A., et R. E. Dockter. Hanford Site Composite Analysis Technical Approach Description : Hanford Site Disposition Baseline. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), octobre 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1412547.

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Hunter, Fraser, et Martin Carruthers. Scotland : The Roman Presence. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, juin 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.104.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings:  Scotland in the Roman world: Research into Roman Scotland requires an appreciation of the wider frontier and Empire-wide perspectives, and Scottish projects must be integrated into these wider, international debates. The rich data set and chronological control that Scotland has to offer can be used to inform broader understandings of the impact of Rome.  Changing worlds: Roman Scotland’s rich data set should be employed to contribute to wider theoretical perspectives on topics such as identity and ethnicity, and how these changed over time. What was the experience of daily life for the various peoples in Roman Scotland and how did interactions between incomers and local communities develop and change over the period in question, and, indeed, at and after its end?  Frontier Life: Questions still remain regarding the disposition and chronology of forts and forces, as well as the logistics of sustaining and supplying an army of conquest and occupation. Sites must be viewed as part of a wider, interlocking set of landscapes, and the study of movement over land and by sea incorporated within this. The Antonine Wall provides a continuing focus of research which would benefit from more comparison with frontier structures and regimes in other areas.  Multiple landscapes: Roman sites need to be seen in a broader landscape context, ‘looking beyond the fort’ and explored as nested and interlocking landscapes. This will allow exploration of frontier life and the changing worlds of the Roman period. To do justice to this resource requires two elements: o Development-control archaeology should look as standard at the hinterland of forts (up to c.1 km from the ‘core’), as sensitive areas and worthy of evaluation; examples such as Inveresk show the density of activity around such nodes. The interiors of camps should be extensively excavated as standard. o Integrated approaches to military landscapes are required, bringing in where appropriate topographical and aerial survey, LIDAR, geophysics, the use of stray and metal-detected finds, as well as fieldwalking and ultimately, excavation.  The Legacy of Rome: How did the longer term influence of the Romans, and their legacy, influence the formation, nature and organisation of the Pictish and other emergent kingdoms?

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Tea, Céline. REX et données subjectives : quel système d'information pour la gestion des risques ? Fondation pour une culture de sécurité industrielle, avril 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.57071/170rex.

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Le retour d’expérience est conçu, dans une vision classique, comme une démarche de gestion mettant à disposition les informations nécessaires aux managers pour piloter les systèmes et gérer les risques. Malheureusement, la réalité est moins simple. Les systèmes à piloter sont des systèmes socio-techniques complexes. Le futur n’est pas déterminé par le passé. Il s’avère nécessaire de compléter le système d’information supportant la gestion des risques. Le travail présenté propose de passer d’un système fondé sur des informations extraites des expériences incidentelles du système à piloter, vers un système d’information qui intègre au mieux l’expérience des gens qui le font fonctionner. Les connaissances tacites de ces personnes expérimentées doivent alors être élicitées. Le présent travail a permis d’expérimenter au sein de la SNCF une technique d’aide à la décision issue du courant de l’analyse de la décision. Cette technique de MAUT a été appliquée à l’analyse d’un changement de réglementation concernant la conduite des trains en cas d’alerte radio. Les décisions sont traitées ici non sous un angle individuel, mais comme l’aboutissement d’un processus construit au sein d’une organisation, mettant en jeu plusieurs décideurs et plusieurs enjeux (pouvant être partiellement contradictoires). L’apport de cette technique par rapport aux méthodes classiques basées sur les arbres de défaillance est discuté. Un second niveau d’étude de l’impact de cet éventuel changement réglementaire a consisté à analyser en profondeur les raisonnements et les connaissances utilisés par les acteurs pour construire le sens de leur action en cas d’alerte radio. En modélisant les discussions entre les différents acteurs impliqués et en restituant leur point de vue en situation, il est possible d’identifier les divergences éventuelles entre les représentations de différents acteurs concernant une même situation, ainsi qu’un possible écart entre les croyances des concepteurs et les utilisateurs de la règle. Cette seconde analyse s’appuie sur une théorie de la conception dite C/K, qui met en relation les connaissances et les concepts utilisés en situation. L’auteur suggère que l’application de ces méthodes permet de voir l’analyse de risques comme un lieu d’élaboration de sens collectif sur la sécurité du système, plutôt que (dans une vision plus positiviste de la connaissance) comme une activité qui révèle et approche la vérité sur les risques, en s’appuyant sur des données factuelles et objectives. Elle propose de développer l’ingénierie du subjectif pour permettre la construction d’un système de management au sein duquel la vision d’ingénieur de la gestion des risques et la vision inspirée des courants des sciences humaines et sociales pourront cohabiter.

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