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Hillier, Jean, et Jonathan Metzger. « Towns within Towns : From Incompossibility to Inclusive Disjunction in Urban Spatial Planning ». Deleuze and Guattari Studies 15, no 1 (février 2021) : 40–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/dlgs.2021.0428.
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We contemplate Deleuze and Guattari's discussion of in/compossibility through engagement with practices of spatial planning and development at the urban fringe in Australia. In such sites of ecosystem transformation, the presence of wildlife, such as mosquitoes, is often deemed incompossible with felicitous human habitation. We suggest that regarding worlds like those of mosquitoes and humans as divergent, rather than incompossible, opens up opportunities for inclusive disjunctive syntheses which affirm the disjoined terms without excluding one from the other. Relating inclusive disjunction to intensive milieu, we call for development of a more milieu-based approach to planning to facilitate more-than-human coexistence differently.
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Vostrikova, Ekaterina V., et Petr S. Kusliy. « De re attitude reports about disjunctive attitudes ». Slovo.ru : Baltic accent 13, no 3 (2022) : 83–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/2225-5346-2022-3-5.
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This paper discusses the semantics of so-called de re propositional attitudes. According to the standard Kaplanian analysis, the semantics of such dicta contains existential quantification over functions that map the attitude holder and the object of their de re attitude to an individual concept by which the attitude holder identifies the object. This existential quantification has a wider scope than the universal quantification over possible worlds that is generally associated with the semantics of attitude dicta. We explore examples of disjunctive de re attitudes and show that these dicta have truth conditions that cannot be grasped by the standard analysis. To account for them, we propose a revision of the theory of concept generators and show how the revised theory makes correct predictions.
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Chan, Nadine. « Pandemic temporalities : Distal futurity in the digital Capitalocene ». Journal of Environmental Media 1, no 2 (1 août 2020) : 13.1–13.8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jem_00034_1.
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This article situates the cultural significance of COVID-19 at the intersection of critical conversation around capitalism, the digital and the environmental ‐ fields where time and temporality are key elements to understanding what it means to imagine futures in an unequal, uncertain and alienated world. It argues that the exponential proliferation of digital lifeworlds during COVID-19 is symptomatic of deeper disjunctive temporalities symptomatic of late-stage capitalism. This article further considers if ‘pandemic temporality’, experienced through rapidly expanding virtual worlds (or digital Capitalocenes), takes us further away from becoming contemporaneous with inhabited ecological time. It also examines how the very asynchronicities of digital lifeworlds may show us possible alternatives to capitalist temporalities through contemporaneous and collective activism.
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Deamer, David. « Deleuze's Three Syntheses Go to Hollywood : The Tripartite Cinema of Time Travel, Many Worlds and Altered States ». Film-Philosophy 23, no 3 (octobre 2019) : 324–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/film.2019.0119.
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What is called “time travel” cinema is but one aspect in a tripartite series of interweaving modes of disjunctive narration which is also – simultaneously – a cinema of “many worlds” and “altered states”. Exploiting Gilles Deleuze's three syntheses of time, space, and consciousness from Difference and Repetition (1968) allows a conceptual development of these cinematic series through three popular Hollywood film cycles beginning with Planet of the Apes (Franklin J. Schaffner, 1968), The Terminator (James Cameron, 1984), and Back to the Future (Robert Zemeckis, 1985). In so doing, film and philosophy are deployed as two series which together create inexhaustible atemporal, aspatial, and ahuman disjunctions, ungrounding everyday spatio-temporal identities, and affirming productive images of cinematic thought.
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Leff, Enrique. « Racionalidad y Justicia Ambiental : La Elusiva Injusticia de la Vida ». Historia Ambiental Latinoamericana y Caribeña (HALAC) revista de la Solcha 11, no 3 (14 décembre 2021) : 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32991/2237-2717.2021v11i3.p19-38.
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Law is not justice, says the Manifesto for Life. The justice system established in modernity (the legality of a positive law) does not manage to contain the will to dominate exercised by the ontological regime of modernity over the degradation of life and to adjust human behavior within the conditions of life. . Environmental justice transcends the order of the economy (even of the ecological economy) as a mechanism of the social distribution of human justice of environmental goods and services of nature, to institute another idea of fairness under the principles of human dignity and in the immanence of life. Environmental justice seeks to establish a criterion of fairness for the construction of other possible worlds based on the principles that sustain the disjunctive category of environmental rationality: an ontology of the diversity of life, a politics of difference, and ethics of otherness.
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Luko, Alexis. « Dream weaving and sonic metalepsis in Jan Troell’s Land of Dreams ». Journal of Scandinavian Cinema 11, no 3 (1 septembre 2021) : 243–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jsca_00051_1.
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Jan Troell’s Sagolandet (Land of Dreams) (1988) presents itself as a documentary about 1980s Swedish society, but is also a film about filmmaking, the imagination, memory and autobiography. The film has multiple narrative levels: interviews, home movie footage, autobiographical anecdotes and imaginative sequences. Commentary and guiding themes are drawn from the theories of psychoanalyst Rollo May. These strata and themes have associated musical motifs and/or sound effects, which, as the film progresses, serve as an ontological bridge between the different strata. Land of Dreams is structured as both a multistrand and multiform narrative with the intercutting of multiple stories with multiple protagonists (multistrand) mixed with dream worlds and internal-subjective perspectives of Troell (multiform). The different narrative strata invite metalepsis, a type of narrative ‘transgression’ that occurs across the boundaries of distinct narrative worlds. In Land of Dreams, voice, music and sound effects act as metaleptic agents, transgressing different strata through four interrelated techniques: (1) metaleptic ‘i-voices’; (2) musical structures made up of ironic and disjunctive musical textures; (3) musical motifs transgressing narrative and ontological boundaries and (4) musical metaleptic warps. Musical metalepsis in Land of Dreams functions in a way that is emblematic of how political decisions and public policy infiltrate the private sphere, human consciousness and even dreams of the future.
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Lama, Kumari. « Disjuncture as a Trope of Conjuncture in Sudeep Pakhrin’s Selected Poems ». Literary Studies 36, no 1 (7 mars 2023) : 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/litstud.v36i1.53057.
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Unremitting global flow of people have become the inherent characteristics of contemporary society. Since the concept of global village invaded each nook and corner of the world, thousands of people have been lining-up to enter into the global village from their local villages. They move leaving their ancestor’s places behind in the search of opportunities, better life, and to pursuing dreams. However, each such flow unknowingly creates a disjuncture within them. In this context, the paper argues that the specific disjunctive feeling itself becomes a means to connect them with their places and people. Mainly, they try to revisit their past, place and people through memory, which becomes instrumental for their reconnection. Concentrating on it, the paper critically examines the disjuncture as a trope of conjuncture in Sudeep Pakhrin’s selected poems. His poems, “Golden Street” and “Maavala” focus on the childhood memories that become strong thread to tie-up with his place and relatives in the verge of overpowering sense of disconnectedness. To critically analyze the isolated and vulnerable human condition in present society, I have employed Arjun Appadurai’s concept of global cultural flow and disjuncture as a theoretical backing.
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Wang, Kewen, et Lizhu Zhou. « Closed world assumption for disjunctive reasoning ». Journal of Computer Science and Technology 16, no 4 (juillet 2001) : 381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02948986.
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Muhammad Saleh Al-Ghamdi, Muhammad Saleh Al-Ghamdi. « Bal : from Disjunction to Argumentation ». journal of king abdulaziz university arts and humanities 25, no 1 (18 avril 2017) : 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/art.25-1.5.
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The Arabic conjunction bal(usually translated as even or rather in English), like its equivalent conjunction in other languages, is a vital connector which has been of great interest to researchers in different languages. Arabic scholars have for many centuries always defined it as a disjunctive conjunction which can also mean giving up or quitting. This study is an analysis of “bal” which attempts to move it from the category of disjunction and quitting to the broader scope of Argumentation. The term Argumentation in this study is used in linguistic sense proposed by French linguists Jead – Claude Anscombre and Oswald Ducrot in their Theory of Argumentation in language(TAL) Within this theoretical framework, argumentation is defined sa the act of targeting specific objectives. The function of connectors, based on this definition, is to achieve these objectives through structuring language in ways which lead the addressee to conclusions undeclared by the speaker even though they are the outcome of the lattr’s words.
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Chunhua, Cao, Liu Yin, Yang Di et Yang Shuang. « Disjunctive Languages of Balanced Words and d-Primitive Words ». Advanced Science Letters 19, no 7 (1 juillet 2013) : 1873–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2013.4615.
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Chan, E. P. F. « A possible world semantics for disjunctive databases ». IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering 5, no 2 (avril 1993) : 282–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/69.219736.
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Chunhua, Cao, Yang Di et Liu Yin. « Disjunctive languages related to $$p$$ -primitive words ». Acta Informatica 49, no 7-8 (6 septembre 2012) : 437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00236-012-0165-z.
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White, David, et Alison Le Cornu. « Eventedness and disjuncture in virtual worlds ». Educational Research 52, no 2 (14 mai 2010) : 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00131881.2010.482755.
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MORIYA, T. « Some Results on Primitive Words, Square-Free Words, and Disjunctive Languages ». IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems E91-D, no 10 (1 octobre 2008) : 2514–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ietisy/e91-d.10.2514.
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Quinet, Julie, Kevin Schultz, Paul J. May et Paul D. Gamlin. « Neural control of rapid binocular eye movements : Saccade-vergence burst neurons ». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no 46 (2 novembre 2020) : 29123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2015318117.
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During normal viewing, we direct our eyes between objects in three-dimensional (3D) space many times a minute. To accurately fixate these objects, which are usually located in different directions and at different distances, we must generate eye movements with appropriate versional and vergence components. These combined saccade-vergence eye movements result in disjunctive saccades with a vergence component that is much faster than that generated during smooth, symmetric vergence eye movements. The neural control of disjunctive saccades is still poorly understood. Recent anatomical studies suggested that the central mesencephalic reticular formation (cMRF), located lateral to the oculomotor nucleus, contains premotor neurons potentially involved in the neural control of these eye movements. We have therefore investigated the role of the cMRF in the control of disjunctive saccades in trained rhesus monkeys. Here, we describe a unique population of cMRF neurons that, during disjunctive saccades, display a burst of spikes that are highly correlated with vergence velocity. Importantly, these neurons show no increase in activity for either conjugate saccades or symmetric vergence. These neurons are termed saccade-vergence burst neurons (SVBNs) to maintain consistency with modeling studies that proposed that such a class of neuron exists to generate the enhanced vergence velocities observed during disjunctive saccades. Our results demonstrate the existence and characteristics of SVBNs whose activity is correlated solely with the vergence component of disjunctive saccades and, based on modeling studies, are critically involved in the generation of the disjunctive saccades required to view objects in our 3D world.
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Steger, Manfred B. « The State of Globality in a (Post)-COVID World ». New Global Studies 15, no 2-3 (18 février 2021) : 117–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ngs-2021-0003.
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Abstract This article assesses the current state of globality in light of the ongoing COVID-19 crisis. It opens with a concise survey of influential meanings and uses of “globality” in extant global studies literature. Offering clarifications and definitions of two pertinent keywords – “globality” and “globalization” – this overview provides a careful conceptual delineation of these two concepts as a prerequisite for determining their causal relation: globalization (the process) shapes globality (the condition). It is argued that the widening disjunctures and cleavages among the major globalization dynamics are transforming the hitherto dominant form of globality. Yielding a plausible response to the crucial question of how globality itself has been transformed by globalization, the clarification of the major structural dynamics linking the disjunctive processes of space-time compression to the restructuring of the mutable condition of worldwide interconnectedness facilitates a comprehensive assessment of the current state of globality. The article ends with a brief speculation on the future of globality and the prospects for overcoming the negative social impacts of disjunctive globalization.
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Downing, F. Gerald. « Words as Deeds and Deeds as Words ». Biblical Interpretation 3, no 2 (1995) : 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156851595x00258.
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AbstractA disjunction between "words and "deeds" is commonplace, but misleading. E.P. Sanders has used it to discount the retelling of the "sayings" of Jesus in favour of other narratives, seen as "the facts. " But speech-act analysis reminds us not only that we "do things with words," but that even mute "actions" are intentional, as
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Dabrowski, Konrad K., Peter Jonsson, Sebastian Ordyniak et George Osipov. « Disjunctive Temporal Problems under Structural Restrictions ». Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no 5 (18 mai 2021) : 3724–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i5.16489.
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The disjunctive temporal problem (DTP) is an expressive temporal formalism that extends Dechter et al.'s simple temporal problem. The DTP is well studied in the literature and has many important applications. It is known that deciding satisfiability of DTPs is NP-hard and that, in many cases, single-exponential algorithms (running in O(c^n) time) do not exist under the Exponential-Time Hypothesis. The computational hardness makes it worthwhile to identify restricted problems that are efficiently solvable. One way of doing this is to restrict the interactions of variables and constraints. We show that instances of DTP of any arity with integers bounded by poly(n) can be solved in n^{f(w)} time, where n denotes the problem size, w is the treewidth of the incidence graph and f is a computable function; in other words, this problem is in the complexity class XP and it can be solved in polynomial time whenever w is fixed. We complement this result by showing that binary DTPs that only involve the integers 0 and 1 are not fixed-parameter tractable with respect to treewidth, i.e. they do not admit a f(w)poly(n)$ time algorithm for any computable function f, under standard complexity assumptions. For instances with unbounded integers, we show that even binary DTPs parameterized by treewidth cannot be in XP, unless P = NP.
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Fichte, Johannes, et Stefan Szeider. « Backdoors to Normality for Disjunctive Logic Programs ». Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 27, no 1 (30 juin 2013) : 320–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v27i1.8624.
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Over the last two decades, propositional satisfiability (SAT) has become one of the most successful and widely applied techniques for the solution of NP-complete problems. The aim of this paper is to investigate theoretically how SAT can be utilized for the efficient solution of problems that are harder than NP or co-NP. In particular, we consider the fundamental reasoning problems in propositional disjunctive answer set programming (ASP), BRAVE REASONING and SKEPTICA REASONING, which ask whether a given atom is contained in at least one or in all answer sets, respectively. Both problems are located at the second level of the Polynomial Hierarchy and thus assumed to be harder than NP or co-NP. One cannot transform these two reasoning problems into SAT in polynomial time, unless the Polynomial Hierarchy collapses. We show that certain structural aspects of disjunctive logic programs can be utilized to break through this complexity barrier, using new techniques from Parameterized Complexity. In particular, we exhibit transformations from BRAVE and SKEPTICAL REASONING to SAT that run in time $O(2^k n^2)$ where k is a structural parameter of the instance and n the input size. In other words, the reduction is fixed-parameter tractable for parameter k. As the parameter k we take the size of a smallest backdoor with respect to the class of normal (i.e., disjunction-free) programs. Such a backdoor is a set of atoms that when deleted makes the program normal. In consequence, the combinatorial explosion, which is expected when transforming a problem from the second level of the Polynomial Hierarchy to the first level, can now be confined to the parameter k, while the running time of the reduction is polynomial in the input size n, where the order of the polynomial is independent of k. We show that such a transformation is not possible if we consider backdoors with respect to tightness instead of normality. We think that our approach is applicable to many other hard combinatorial problems that lie beyond NP or co-NP, and thus significantly enlarge the applicability of SAT.
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Cima, Gianluca, Marco Console, Maurizio Lenzerini et Antonella Poggi. « Epistemic Disjunctive Datalog for Querying Knowledge Bases ». Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, no 5 (26 juin 2023) : 6280–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i5.25773.
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The Datalog query language can express several powerful recursive properties, often crucial in real-world scenarios. While answering such queries is feasible over relational databases, the picture changes dramatically when data is enriched with intensional knowledge. It is indeed well-known that answering Datalog queries is undecidable already over lightweight knowledge bases (KBs) of the DL-Lite family. To overcome this issue, we propose a new query language based on Disjunctive Datalog rules combined with a modal epistemic operator. Rules in this language interact with the queried KB exclusively via the epistemic operator, thus extracting only the information true in every model of the KB. This form of interaction is crucial for not falling into undecidability. The contribution provided by this paper is threefold. First, we illustrate the syntax and the semantics of the novel query language. Second, we study the expressive power of different fragments of our new language and compare it with Disjunctive Datalog and its variants. Third, we outline the precise data complexity of answering queries in our new language over KBs expressed in various well-known formalisms.
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Renda, A. « Deformation textures in kames of the Volyn Polissia ». Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no 39 (15 décembre 2011) : 287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2011.39.2190.
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The kames of the Volyn Polissia are studied insufficiently. This also refers to the deformation textures they bare. Synchronization is done for gravitational (different types of micro-folds), disjunctive, diapir-like and other types of textures. Their importance for a palaeogeographical analysis is stressed. Key words: kames, deformation structures, Volyn Upland, Dniper Glaciation, palaeogeographical reconstructions.
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Zavialov, V. N. « A familiar stranger (about the conjunction libo (English or) in modern Russian) ». Russian language at school 84, no 5 (17 septembre 2023) : 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.30515/0131-6141-2023-84-5-88-97.
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The article provides a multidimensional characterisation of the conjunction libo (English or). The research is relevant due to the lack of a systematic and complete description of this conjunction in Russian studies. Nevertheless, it is an important means of expressing disjunctive relations. Libo was usually studied together with other disjunctive conjunctions, as well as in comparison with the conjunction ili (English or) although it is the second most frequent disjunctive conjunction. The research is based on the monographic method of studying function words used by the Far Eastern Syntactic School. Each such word is under scrutiny and can be considered as an organising unit of the surrounding syntactic context. The article analyses the constructional properties of the conjunction libo related to the morphological-syntactic characteristics of the word forms it connects. Moreover, the study focuses on the actual syntactic properties dependent on the peculiarities of the syntactic environment around this conjunction (such as generic words, particles, word order, intonation, etc). The research demonstrates that this conjunction is oriented to showing real options, therefore, in general, it cannot express alternative-suppositional and explanatory relations. The article characterises the pragma-stylistic properties of libo. It has been established that, like the conjunction ili, libo is stylistically neutral. Its differenfrom ili is primarily semantic although pragmatic factors are also relevant. The etymology of libo is explained. It is associated with the adjectival word form lyubo with which the conjunction retains a prototypical connection. As a result, the alternatives libo coordinates emphasise not only the different, but also the opposite. Based on the findings of the study, the key conclusion is that there is an ontologically opposed pair of conjunctions libo and ili in modern Russian. They reflect the speaker’s urge to present alternatives as compatible or incompatible.
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Brigstocke, Julian, Lidiane Malanquini, Maira Froes, Cristina Cabral et Gabriela Baptista. « Disjunctive writing in the urban skinscape : Bodies, borders and the physiology of attention in a Rio de Janeiro favela ». Sociological Review 70, no 4 (juillet 2022) : 810–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00380261221106515.
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This article offers a creative disjunctive feminist analysis of affective rhythms within a complexly bordered complex of favelas in Rio de Janeiro. It explores the gendered atmospheric constitution of authority in the favela’s violent border spaces, arguing that authority is partly embodied through a channelling of attention. Attention is conceptualised as involving not just conscious intentions, perceptions and emotions, but also non-conscious rhythms of autonomous affective self-regulation. The article is structured through a tripartite disjunctive form that expresses the bordering of city, body and experience. Drawing on qualitative interview data, quantitative electrodermal activity physiological data and creative writing, the article dwells with the materiality of words and the forms of affects to express material and physiological aspects of emotion and affect in journeys around the internal border-spaces of the city. Adapting the modernist tradition of ‘stream of consciousness’ writing, we style a ‘stream of attention’ form of writing that expresses multiple modes of embodied, conscious and preconscious attention.
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Bag, Arnab, Debadrita Talapatra, Ayushi Rastogi, Sikhar Patranabis et Debdeep Mukhopadhyay. « TWo-IN-one-SSE : Fast, Scalable and Storage-Efficient Searchable Symmetric Encryption for Conjunctive and Disjunctive Boolean Queries ». Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2023, no 1 (janvier 2023) : 115–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.56553/popets-2023-0008.
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Searchable Symmetric Encryption (SSE) supports efficient yet secure query processing over outsourced symmetrically encrypted databases without the need for decryption. A longstanding open question has been the following: can we design a fast, scalable, linear storage and low-leakage SSE scheme that efficiently supports arbitrary Boolean queries over encrypted databases? In this paper, we present the design, analysis and prototype implementation of the first SSE scheme that efficiently supports conjunctive, disjunctive and more general Boolean queries (in both the conjunctive and disjunctive normal forms) while scaling smoothly to extremely large encrypted databases, and while incurring linear storage overheads and supporting extremely fast query processing in practice. We quantify the leakage of our proposal via a rigorous cryptographic analysis and argue that it achieves security against a well-known class of leakage-abuse and volume analysis attacks. Finally, we demonstrate the storage-efficiency and scalability of our proposed scheme by presenting experimental results of a prototype implementation of our scheme over large real-world databases.
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Harriman, Benjamin. « DISJUNCTIONS AND NATURAL PHILOSOPHY IN MARCUS AURELIUS ». Classical Quarterly 69, no 2 (décembre 2019) : 858–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838820000051.
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In his Meditations, Marcus Aurelius repeatedly presents a disjunction between two conceptions of the natural world. Either the universe is ruled by providence or there are atoms. At 4.3, we find perhaps its most succinct statement: ἀνανεωσάμενος τὸ διεζευγμένον τό⋅ ἤτοι πρόνοια ἢ ἄτομοι (recall the disjunction: either providence or atoms). The formulation of the disjunction differs; at 7.32, being composed of atoms is contrasted with a stronger sort of unity (ἕνωσις) that may survive death. In 10.6 and 11.18 Marcus simply offers φύσις (nature, construed in the Stoic manner as providentialist and causally efficacious) in opposition. On the surface, the contrast between the theory of atomism and the acceptance of providence seems to not warrant the term ‘disjunction’; it seems possible to accept both atomism and a causally determined providential universe. Yet, it is agreed on all sides, in the recent literature, that the relevant contrast for Marcus is not between the atomist and the non-atomist views of the constitution of the natural world as such but between two entailments that follow from the atomist Epicurean and the non-atomist Stoic advocacy of these positions. The contrast is between the providential ordering of the Stoic universe and the chaotic chance-ridden Epicurean model.
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Sanders, Todd K. « A New Approach to 1 Corinthians 13.1 ». New Testament Studies 36, no 4 (octobre 1990) : 614–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0028688500019779.
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The opening words of 1 Corinthians 13 have undergone numerous translations since their initial composition in the first century C.E. Although translators have often differed in semantic emphasis, there is remarkable agreement regarding the function of ἤ. Indeed, in every translation ἤ has been rendered as a disjunctive conjunction, equivalent to the English ‘or’. Unfortunately, this consensus has never produced a wholly satisfactory translation, resulting instead in some rather creative etymological crusades.
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Jasbi, Masoud, Natalia Bermudez et Kathryn Davidson. « Default biases in the interpretation of English negation, conjunction, and disjunction ». Experiments in Linguistic Meaning 2 (27 janvier 2023) : 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/elm.2.5382.
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Previous research has hypothesized default interpretive biases for three types of ambiguities with English logical words and, or, and not. First, disjunction (A or B) is hypothesized to be biased towards an exclusive interpretation in upward-entailing environments and an inclusive interpretation in downward-entailing environments (Levinson 2000, Chierchia 2004, Breheny et al. 2005). A negated disjunction (not A or B) is claimed to be biased towards a “neither-nor” interpretation (i.e. wide scope negation: ¬[A ∨ B]) and a negated conjunction is said to be biased towards an “either-not” interpretation (i.e. wide-scope negation: ¬[A ∧ B]) (Szabolcsi 2002, Szabolcsi & Haddican 2004). We tested these hypotheses within the same experimental paradigm with 149 English-speaking participants and found disjunction to be biased towards an inclusive interpretation across three different entailment environments: episodic declaratives, questions, and conditional antecedents. Our results also confirmed that English negated disjunction is biased towards a “neither-nor” (wide scope negation) interpretation but the results did not show an “either-not” bias (wide scope negation) for negated conjunction.
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Freitas Filho, Roberto, et Marcelo Dias Varella. « The World Trade Organization as a Catalyst for Internal Divergences in Developing Countries ». Global Trade and Customs Journal 4, Issue 9 (1 septembre 2009) : 281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2009035.
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This article analyses the legal and political consequences of Brazil’s imposition of an important ban on retreaded tyres, especially with respect to MERCOSUR and the World Trade Organization (WTO). Domestic and international decisions are studied according to the process of internationalization of law and the disjunction between the domestic and international orders.
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Behera, Navnita Chadha. « Globalization, deglobalization and knowledge production ». International Affairs 97, no 5 (septembre 2021) : 1579–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiab119.
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Abstract Although globalization processes have brought the world closer through the exchange of knowledge, ideas and practices, advances in knowledge dissemination have not been mirrored by expansion in sites and modes of knowledge production. This article probes this disjuncture and asks how deglobalization might chart different pathways by delving into the intellectual history of the making of International Relations (IR). Focusing its gaze on the structuring principles of knowledge creation and modes of knowing rather than specific issues and problematiques of IR, it analyses the historical impact of western Enlightenment thinking through centuries-long imperialism, which continues to limit the agency of many states in the re-making of their life-worlds. The article describes deglobalization as a longue durée historical response that offers different possibilities for countering or challenging the discursive hegemony of the ‘West’. It discusses a ‘nationalist’ response by China—a rising power and a more dispersed, global academic endeavour seeking to decolonize IR's modes of knowledge production to better account for the diverse ground realities of its many worlds.
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HALPERN, JOSEPH Y. « FROM CAUSAL MODELS TO COUNTERFACTUAL STRUCTURES ». Review of Symbolic Logic 6, no 2 (12 novembre 2012) : 305–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755020312000305.
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AbstractGalles & Pearl (l998) claimed that “for recursive models, the causal model framework does not add any restrictions to counterfactuals, beyond those imposed by Lewis’s [possible-worlds] framework.” This claim is examined carefully, with the goal of clarifying the exact relationship between causal models and Lewis’s framework. Recursive models are shown to correspond precisely to a subclass of (possible-world) counterfactual structures. On the other hand, a slight generalization of recursive models, models where all equations have unique solutions, is shown to be incomparable in expressive power to counterfactual structures, despite the fact that the Galles and Pearl arguments should apply to them as well. The problem with the Galles and Pearl argument is identified: an axiom that they viewed as irrelevant, because it involved disjunction (which was not in their language), is not irrelevant at all.
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Hopfener, Birgit. « Tradition and transmission : Shifting epistemological and (art-)historical grounds of contemporary art's relation to the past ». Journal of Contemporary Chinese Art 6, no 2 (1 septembre 2019) : 187–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jcca_00003_1.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract This article takes artworks by Ai Weiwei that engage with traditions, art historical, art critical and curatorial receptions of these works, and (art-)historical discourses on the 'critical problem of tradition' as the starting point to re-consider contemporary art's relationship with tradition. It adopts a critical global art historical perspective decentring universalized modern western frameworks and uncovering how contemporary art's relation to the past in today's spatially and temporally disjunctive global world has to be read from multiple and transculturally entangled historical, epistemological and geo-cultural perspectives.
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Grant, John, et Jack Minker. « Deductive database theories ». Knowledge Engineering Review 4, no 4 (décembre 1989) : 267–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269888900005129.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractThis paper surveys a variety of deductive database theories. Such theories differ from one another in the set of axioms and metarules that they allow and use. The following theories are discussed: relational, Horn, and stratified in the text; protected, disjunctive, typed, extended Horn, and normal in the appendix. Connections with programming in terms of the declarative, fixpoint, and procedural semantics are explained. Negation is treated in several different ways: closed world, completed database, and negation as failure. For each theory examples are given and implementation issues are considered.
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HUANG, CHONGFU. « AN APPROACH TO ANALYZE RISKS BY COMPUTING WITH WORDS ». New Mathematics and Natural Computation 07, no 01 (mars 2011) : 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793005711001822.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The information coded in natural language is called natural language information. It can be employed to analyze risks by computing with words. The disjunction and Cartesian product of fuzzy sets are the basic arithmetics to compute a probability distribution representing the random uncertainty of the risk source. An approach to infer a risk with words is to represent the risk system by using probabilistic and possibilistic constraints. In this paper, with fuzzy logic, we give a sample to verify that the suggested approach is more flexible and effective.
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Carlson, Wayne R. « Unstable inheritance of maize B-type chromosomes that lack centric heterochromatin ». Genome 49, no 5 (1 mai 2006) : 420–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g05-127.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The B chromosome of maize undergoes frequent non-disjunction at the second pollen mitosis. In B–A translocations, the B–A chromosome retains the capacity for non-disjunction. We have collected deletion-derivative TB-9Sb stocks. One derivative, the "type 1 telocentric", has a B–9 chromosome that lacks centric heterochromatin. It produces few recessive (non-disjunctional) phenotypes in pollen parent testcrosses of the translocation heterozygote, 9 9–B telo B–9. The finding helped demonstrate the role of centric heterochromatin in non-disjunction. An isochromo some derivative of the type 1 telocentric was also recovered. It was tested in the 9–B 9–B iso B–9 constitution. This is equivalent to 9 9–B telo B–9 in terms of chromosome 9 dosage. Surprisingly, crosses with the isochromosome gave significant levels of recessive phenotypes. In addition, high levels of variegated phenotypes were found. Recently, a circumstance was found that makes inheritance of the type 1 telocentric chromosome somewhat similar to that of the isochromosome. Crosses with hypoploid 9–B 9–B telo B–9 plants showed significant levels of recessive and variegated phenotypes. These crosses were investigated to help explain the source(s) of the phenotypes. Cytological and genetic studies were performed. Centric misdivision was found to account for the variegated phenotypes. A mixture of conventional B non-disjunction and centric misdivision produced the recessive phenotypes. The significance of conventional non-disjunction in the absence of centric heterochromatin is discussed.Key words: cytogenetics, B chromosome, centromere, maize.
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Chaichian, Mohammad A. « The Effects of World Capitalist Economy on Urbanization in Egypt, 1800–1970 ». International Journal of Middle East Studies 20, no 1 (février 1988) : 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800057494.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This research paper provides an historical analysis of urbanization in Egypt and its relationships to her incorporation into the world capitalist economy during the last two centuries. My major concern is to discover more about the following issues: (1) the historical reasons for the structural disjunction of the peasant population from rural areas; and (2) the dynamics of rural–urban migration and the problem of overconcentration of population in a few major urban centers.
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Guzman, Eduardo, Beatriz Andres et Raul Poler. « Matheuristic Algorithm for Job-Shop Scheduling Problem Using a Disjunctive Mathematical Model ». Computers 11, no 1 (22 décembre 2021) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers11010001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper focuses on the investigation of a new efficient method for solving machine scheduling and sequencing problems. The complexity of production systems significantly affects companies, especially small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which need to reduce costs and, at the same time, become more competitive and increase their productivity by optimizing their production processes to make manufacturing processes more efficient. From a mathematical point of view, most real-world machine scheduling and sequencing problems are classified as NP-hard problems. Different algorithms have been developed to solve scheduling and sequencing problems in the last few decades. Thus, heuristic and metaheuristic techniques are widely used, as are commercial solvers. In this paper, we propose a matheuristic algorithm to optimize the job-shop problem which combines a genetic algorithm with a disjunctive mathematical model, and the Coin-OR Branch & Cut open-source solver is employed. The matheuristic algorithm allows efficient solutions to be found, and cuts computational times by using an open-source solver combined with a genetic algorithm. This provides companies with an easy-to-use tool and does not incur costs associated with expensive commercial software licenses.
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Weiss, S. M., et N. Indurkhya. « Rule-based Machine Learning Methods for Functional Prediction ». Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 3 (1 décembre 1995) : 383–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.199.
Texte intégralRésumé :
We describe a machine learning method for predicting the value of a real-valued function, given the values of multiple input variables. The method induces solutions from samples in the form of ordered disjunctive normal form (DNF) decision rules. A central objective of the method and representation is the induction of compact, easily interpretable solutions. This rule-based decision model can be extended to search efficiently for similar cases prior to approximating function values. Experimental results on real-world data demonstrate that the new techniques are competitive with existing machine learning and statistical methods and can sometimes yield superior regression performance.
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Hoeks, Morwenna, et Floris Roelofsen. « Coordinating questions : The scope puzzle ». Semantics and Linguistic Theory 29 (12 janvier 2020) : 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v29i0.4632.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper introduces a new puzzle concerning the interaction between questions on the one hand, and conjunction and disjunction on the other. It shows that a conjunction of two polar interrogative clauses is interpreted so that each conjunct involves a polar question operator and the conjunction takes scope over these, whereas a disjunction of two polar interrogative clauses can only be interpreted as involving a single polar question operator scoping over the disjunction. In other words, two full-fledged polar questions each including their own question operator can be conjoined, but cannot be disjoined. We argue that the source of this contrast is semantic (rather than syntactic, pragmatic, or other), and we formulate two general constraints on question meanings which can each account for it. The first, based on Fox (2018), requires that the resolutions of a question are related in a particular way to the cells of the partition that the question induces on the context set. The second requires that the exhaustive interpretation of a consistent resolution of the question is never inconsistent. We leave open which of these two constraints is to be preferred.
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Savin-Baden, Maggi. « Problem-Based Learning, Part 3 : Making Sense of and Managing Disjunction ». British Journal of Occupational Therapy 61, no 1 (janvier 1998) : 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802269806100104.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This is the third of three papers which explores the growing influence of problem-based learning (PBL) within professional curricula. Part 1 documented the emergence of PBL in a climate of world-wide change. Part 2 presented the model of Dimensions of Learner Experience and argued that it offers a framework for broadening current understandings of learner experience on diverse PBL programmes. Part 3 discusses the findings of the study, which extend earlier work around the concept of disjunction in learning, and the notion of enabling and disabling forms in relation to three different understandings of learner stance. Disjunction is a concept seen by many as a starting point for learning and, in this study, particular issues appeared to arise from PBL, often in the form of paradoxes, which prompted different forms of disjunction. The study concludes by suggesting that the concept of learner stances offers a framework that challenges current understandings of learner experience on programmes that adopt PBL. It argues that PBL may prompt new forms of transition in relation to students' past, present and future constructions of learning and of themselves as learners.
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Ozola, Ieva. « Vienojuma, pretstata un šķīruma saikļi Lejaskurzemes izloksnēs ». Vārds un tā pētīšanas aspekti : rakstu krājums = The Word : Aspects of Research : conference proceedings, no 27 (3 novembre 2023) : 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.37384/vtpa.2023.27.173.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article analyses the use dynamic of cumulative, adversative, and disjunctive conjunctions in sub-dialects of Lower Kurzeme in the 20th – 21st centuries, based on the survey data of the Atlas of Latvian Dialects (ALD) in comparison with the texts in the collections of Kurzeme Institute of Humanities at Liepāja University and Latvian Language Institute at the University of Latvia, and published texts. The texts of the latest sources are written down by hand or recorded in the speaker’s conversation with the interviewer, which allows us to determine the use of connecting words in live speech. It is concluded that in the second half of the 20th century and the 21st century, the coordinating conjunctions characteristic of Latvian literary language dominated the sub-dialects of Lower Kurzeme (an observation made in the ALD survey already in the middle of the 20th century). The conjunction i < ir in the second half of the 20th century and the 21st century is much rarer than un but has not disappeared entirely from everyday speech and is usually used to connect several equal components, e.g. in Rucava, a riteni braûcu uz dârbu: piêci kilometri i rîtâ, vakarâ, i pusdiênâ. In the ALD survey, the conjunction bet dominates in the expression of the contrary, although in some sub-dialects, dialectal conjunctions have been recorded (abar in Rucava, aba in Grobiņa). In the second half of the 20th century and the 21st century in Lower Kurzeme, the colloquial adversative conjunction a is also in use, e.g. in Bārta, cic izvãra un sastampâ tuõs kartfeļus, a mana mamma vis:us kuõpîgi vãrija. In the ALD survey, as well as in the second half of the 20th century and the 21st century in Lower Kurzeme, mostly the conjunctions vai // va and jeb are used to express disjunction; jeb is more uncommon, it has both an explanative meaning, e.g. in Gramzda, ķeblis jeb kraģîtis – tas tâc krêsliņš mas:, kur pasēdēt, and a disjunctional meaning, e.g. in Rucava, gã a kũrpemis jeb pastalamis. The amount of available texts yet does not allow for quantitative research on the choice of coordinating conjunctions and the use of coordinating conjunctions not mentioned in the ALD.
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Widder, Nathan. « From Negation to Disjunction in a World of Simulacra : Deleuze and Melanie Klein ». Deleuze Studies 3, no 2 (décembre 2009) : 207–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e1750224109000592.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper will articulate an underappreciated side of the psychoanalytical Deleuze: his relation to Melanie Klein, particularly as it appears in The Logic of Sense. Deleuze's engagement with Klein largely follows his familiar strategy of re-reading a thinker off of a twist in one or two of that thinker's key concepts. With Klein, this twist involves re-reading her story of psychic development on the basis of disjunction rather than negation, so that the psychic surface that emerges generates a persistent non-correspondence between self and other and between concept and thing. Deleuze thereby makes Klein a central figure in his ontology of sense and his analysis of how the physical surface of bodies generates a metaphysical surface of thought. However, Deleuze's ultimate turn is a Nietzschean one towards overcoming, the thought of eternal return, and the demolition of the Oedipal Law. As this final turn makes clear, even in his early writings that engaged more directly and affirmatively with psychoanalytical thought, Deleuze was already on an anti-Oedipal path.
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COLEMAN, M., D. G. FORBES et R. J. ABBOTT. « A NEW SUBSPECIES OF SENECIO MOHAVENSIS (COMPOSITAE) REVEALS OLD–NEW WORLD SPECIES DISJUNCTION ». Edinburgh Journal of Botany 58, no 3 (24 octobre 2001) : 389–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960428601000713.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Examination of morphology, ploidy and interfertility in the two subspecies of the Old World Senecio flavus (Decne.) Sch. Bip. (Compositae) and the closely related New World S. mohavensis A. Gray does not support the subspecific taxonomy of S. flavus. On the basis of our results S. flavus subsp. breviflorus Kadereit is transferred to S. mohavensis as a new subspecies: S. mohavensis subsp. breviflorus (Kadereit) M. Coleman comb. nov. The new subspecies has a distribution that includes Arabia, the Middle East, Sinai, Iran, Afghanistan, Djibouti, and the Thar Desert of Pakistan. The type subspecies of S. mohavensis occurs in the Mojave and Sonoran deserts of North America, providing an unusual disjunct distribution at the species level. Separation from S. flavus is based upon differences in morphology and chromosome number. Senecio flavus is diploid (2n = 20), while both subspecies of S. mohavensis are tetraploid (2n = 40). Further support for the new taxonomic treatment is provided by the results of controlled crosses. No artificial hybrids have been generated from crosses made between the previously recognized subspecies of S. flavus, while crosses between the newly recognized subspecies of S. mohavensis have produced fertile hybrids. The fertility of the hybrids is significantly lower than the parental taxa (P<0.001), indicating partial genetic divergence since isolation. Previous studies of isozyme and cpDNA variation in all three taxa also support the new treatment. The similarity of the S. mohavensis subspecies suggests a relatively recent separation, although the amount of genetic divergence does not support a post-Colombian introduction. Given that land bridges to North America via Beringia and the North Atlantic last existed in the Oligocene, long-distance dispersal seems the most likely explanation. Natural dispersal to rather than from the New World is supported, but whether this took place in an easterly or westerly direction is unclear. The evolution of S. mohavensis remains equivocal.
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Donoghue, Michael J., et Stephen A. Smith. « Patterns in the assembly of temperate forests around the Northern Hemisphere ». Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B : Biological Sciences 359, no 1450 (29 octobre 2004) : 1633–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1538.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Recent studies of Northern Hemisphere biogeography have highlighted potentially significant differences between disjunction patterns in plants versus animals. To assess such differences, we compiled a larger sample of relevant plant phylogenies from which disjunction patterns, ancestral areas and directions of movement could be inferred. We considered 66 plant clades with species variously endemic today to eastern Asia (EA), Europe (including southwestern Asia), eastern North America (ENA), and/or western North America (WNA). Within these clades we focused on 100 disjunctions among these major areas, for 33 of which absolute divergence times have also been inferred. Our analyses uphold the view that disjunctions between EA and ENA are exceptionally common in plants, apparently more so than in animals. Compared with animals, we find few disjunctions between EA and WNA, consistent with increased extinction in WNA or failure of some groups to colonize that region. Taken at face value, our data also support the view that many temperate forest plant groups originated and diversified within EA, followed by movement out of Asia at different times, but mostly during the last 30 Myr. This favours Beringia over a North Atlantic land bridge as the primary path between the Old World and the New World. Additional studies are needed, especially to evaluate the impacts of differential extinction on these patterns, to more confidently establish divergence times, and to assess the statistical significance of these findings. Fortunately, many more plant groups show relevant disjunction patterns and could soon be added to such analyses.
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Loewen, Royden. « Rurality, Ethnicity, and Gender Patterns of Cultural Continuity during the “Great Disjuncture” in the R.M. of Hanover, 1945-1961 ». Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 4, no 1 (9 février 2006) : 161–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/031061ar.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Rural Canadian communities underwent profound changes as they adapted to the economic and social context after World War II. Those changes, may be described, using John Shaver's phrase, as a "Great Disjuncture". From a "centrist" point-of-view Canadian farms became more fully mechanized, products commodified and farm goals integrated with government policy. This paper focuses on the "local experience" of the "Great Disjuncture". Its subject is the Rural Municipality of Hanover in Manitoba, an ethnic community, dominated by Low German-speaking Mennonites. In Hanover traditional social relations, both on the primary level affecting gender and on the community level affecting the very idea of rurality, entered a dialectical relationship with the forces for change to create a particular localized culture. Here was an instance of cultural re-creation.
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Brody, Richard J. « Ideology and Political Mobilization : The Soviet Home Front during World War II ». Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European Studies, no 1104 (1 janvier 1994) : 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/cbp.1994.61.
Texte intégralRésumé :
World War II was a defining experience for the identity of the Stalin-era Soviet Communist Party. The war accentuated fundamental problems in the identity of the civilian party as an instrument of political mobilization. The war also highlighted a deeper disjuncture between popular political mentalities within Soviet society and the official ideology of the Stalin-era party. This essay will examine efforts by party political organs to propagate the official ideological line among party members during World War II and the problems party leaders encountered in training political workers to transmit the party's propaganda message to the public.
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Jahn, Beate. « The sorcerer’s apprentice : Liberalism, ideology, and religion in world politics ». International Relations 33, no 2 (17 mars 2019) : 322–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047117819834647.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Despite repeated announcements of the end of ideology and the demise of religion during the twentieth century, both play a crucial role in world politics today. This disjuncture between theoretical expectations and historical developments has its roots in conventional conceptions of ideology. While the latter grasp the representative nature of ideology as an expression of historical forces and political interests, they miss its constitutive role for modern politics. Based on an analysis of its historical origins and political implications, this article develops a new conception of ideology which accounts for the resilience and historical dynamics of ideological struggle. Like the sorcerer’s apprentice, I show, liberalism has called ideology into being but lost control of its own creation.
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Machin, David. « Towards a Social Semiotic Approach of the Analysis of Emotion in Sound and Music ». Public Journal of Semiotics 3, no 2 (1 décembre 2011) : 152–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37693/pjos.2011.3.8835.
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This paper explores the possibility of a social semiotic approach to popular music in order to document the voice qualities, melodies and instrumental sounds found in popular music using the case study of Michael Jackson’s ‘Billie Jean’. The paper explores how these semiotic features, as well as the lyrics, communicate and reveal something of the subjectivity, the emotional world, created by musicians. Here the analysis explores Jackson’s use of restricted pitch ranges, breathiness, melodic patterns and gentle disjunctive articulation showing how these help to communicate the ‘tension’, and ‘trouble’ in the song. Taking a social semiotic approach the paper identifies the underlying available repertoire of meanings available to musicians and shows how musicians can skilfully draws upon these.
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Gomez, Rui. « Sport and Globalisation : Homogenization and Differentiation ». Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 47, no 1 (1 décembre 2009) : 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10141-009-0028-7.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Sport and Globalisation: Homogenization and DifferentiationThe development of the worldwide market has motivated long-ranging consequences, not only at the level of growing economic interdependencies, but also in the globalization of cultures and lifestyles. At any of these dimensions, sport plays a role and contributes in its own particular way to globalization. Transnational organizations, worldwide events, transnational communities and transnational structures organised around the central theme of Sport provide good evidence of that phenomenon. However, the way these dimensions interrelate at a time of unorganised capitalism is based on disjuncture. Following this thesis, Appadurai (1996) has proposed an elementary scheme for the analysis of the disjuncture between the several dimensions of globalization, suggesting the notion of landscapes to underline the fluid and irregular shape of the capital flow, pertaining to both communications and lifestyles. By emphasising that globalization is intensively perceived according to, and influenced by the historical, linguistic and political contexts of the intervening players, the author deliberately focuses on the imagined worlds that help us construct those landscapes. In this paper, we will retrieve some of those theoretical leads and analyse three types of landscape in the leisure and sports contexts, in an attempt to demonstrate how their interrelation is one of disjuncture, where some dimensions promote sports homogenization while others push towards increasing differentiation. We will analyse the mediascapes (Sport as global spectacle), the technoscapes (the role of the new media and velocity in the creation of decontextualised global cognitive maps), and the ideoscapes (the role of images and the aesthetisation of the leisure sports experiences)
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Vandenberghe, Frederic, et Suman Gupta. « Brazil : the real dystopia project. Disjunctures, pandemics, and politics under Bolsonaro ». Digithum, no 27 (31 décembre 2021) : 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7238/d.v0i27.375160.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Brazil under President Bolsonaro is an extreme case of multiple system failures that bring the country to the brink of collapse. It has a tremendous heuristic potential as a prefiguration of what the “post-pandemic world” could be like. It is “good to think with”. Experimentally, the article submits current events to a disjuncture analysis that gathers various perspectives and fragments into a literary montage.
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Aher, Martin. « Deontic contexts and the interpretation of disjunction in legal discourse ». Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 58, no 1 (mars 2013) : 13–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100002504.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractThis study investigates the interpretation of or in legal texts, focusing on two puzzles: “inclusive/exclusive” or and “free choice permission”. The study first examines various examples of or in American court cases described by Solan and the “and/or” rule that he describes. It then turns to occurrences of or in a different legal domain, that of the World Trade Organization, giving a brief introduction to the WTO dispute mechanism and its principles of interpretation before examining these occurrences of or. The study then introduces the inquisitive semantics framework as a way to account for these occurrences, offering an analysis of the inclusive/exclusive or and free choice or puzzles and of the interaction of or with obligation, permission, and negation more generally.