Articles de revues : « Disenfranchisement of formerly incarcerated people »

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Ciardiello, Amy. « Prohibiting the Punishment of Poverty : The Abolition of the Wealth-Based Criminal Disenfranchisement ». University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, n^o 54.4 (2021) : 917. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.54.4.prohibiting.

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The majority of U.S. states disenfranchise formerly incarcerated individuals because of their poverty by conditioning re-enfranchisement on the full payment of legal financial obligations. This Note discusses the practice of wealth-based criminal disenfranchisement where the inability to pay legal financial obligations, including fines, fees, restitution, interest payments, court debts, and other economic penalties, prohibits low-income, formerly incarcerated individuals from voting. This Note argues this issue has not been adequately addressed due to unsuccessful legislative reforms and failed legal challenges. An examination of state policies, federal and state legislative reforms, and litigation shows that a more drastic state legislative solution is needed to ensure that no individual is prevented from voting because of their poverty. This Note argues wealth-based criminal disenfranchisement should be completely abolished.

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MORRIS, KEVIN. « Turnout and Amendment Four : Mobilizing Eligible Voters Close to Formerly Incarcerated Floridians ». American Political Science Review 115, n^o 3 (20 avril 2021) : 805–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055421000253.

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Recent scholarship shows that eligible voters in neighborhoods home to many arrested and incarcerated individuals vote at lower rates than those in less-affected neighborhoods. Little work, however, has investigated how this turnout gap might be counteracted. This paper uses Amendment Four, a 2018 Florida ballot initiative that promised to re-enfranchise most individuals whose voting rights had been revoked due to a felony conviction to investigate whether this turnout disparity can be narrowed by a ballot initiative of particular significance to communities most affected by incarceration. Using prison release records, I identify the neighborhoods and households where formerly incarcerated individuals live and assess the voting history of their neighbors and housemates. I find no evidence that Amendment Four increased these voters’ turnout in 2018 relative to other voters. While ending felony disenfranchisement is necessary, closing the turnout gap resulting from histories of policing and incarceration will require greater investment and engagement.

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Dum, Christopher P., Kelly M. Socia, Bengt George et Halle M. Neiderman. « The Effect of Reading Prisoner Poetry on Stigma and Public Attitudes : Results from a Multigroup Survey Experiment ». Prison Journal 102, n^o 1 (27 décembre 2021) : 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00328855211069127.

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We examine how public attitudes toward currently/formerly incarcerated people and their reentry into society are affected by consuming information about imprisoned people. Over 1,500 respondents from a national online survey were randomly assigned one of five sources of written information about currently and formerly incarcerated people (CFIP) (three informative pieces and two sets of incarceree poetry). They then reported their views toward them and support for reentry policies. While no differences in support for reentry initiatives across conditions were uncovered, those reading poetry with a humanizing theme applied the least amount of stigma toward currently/formerly incarcerated people.

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Knapp, Courtney. « Local Planning in the Age of Mass Decarceration ». Journal of Planning Education and Research 40, n^o 2 (4 avril 2020) : 169–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739456x20911704.

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This exploratory study discusses the results of a nationwide survey of planning directors, designed to understand whether local agencies understand and actively engage with reentry and social integration efforts targeting formerly incarcerated people. The results suggest agencies play administrative-bureaucratic roles facilitating environments that affect housing and employment opportunities for formerly incarcerated populations, yet many appear unaware of how regulatory and policy frameworks translate into local infrastructures of inclusion and exclusion. These knowledge gaps are exacerbated by engagement practices that tend to privilege security and incarceration stakeholders over those connected to reentry, including formerly incarcerated people themselves.

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Chavira, Dina, Roberto Lopez-Tamayo et Leonard A. Jason. « Factors Associated With Community Corrections Involvement Among Formerly Incarcerated People in Recovery ». Criminal Justice Policy Review 29, n^o 9 (18 avril 2016) : 909–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403416644012.

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The current study examined whether current community supervision status was associated with differences in demographic characteristics, lifetime substance use patterns, and criminal history among a sample of formerly incarcerated individuals with a history of substance use problems. Results of multivariate analyses revealed participants on community supervision were more likely to have graduated from high school or earned a General Education Development test credential (GED; odds ratio [OR] = 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.15, 17.24]) and were less likely to have a history of psychiatric hospitalization (OR = 0.88; 95% CI = [0.08, 9.35]). These characteristics may be proxies for social and emotional functioning that influence eligibility for community supervision. Despite these apparent advantages, the community supervision group did not significantly differ from the formerly incarcerated group without current justice involvement on lifetime substance use patterns or criminal history, suggesting formerly incarcerated individuals with substance use disorders may require more intensive interventions to promote existing strengths.

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Slomski, Anita. « Peer Counselors for Formerly Incarcerated People With HIV ». JAMA 319, n^o 20 (22 mai 2018) : 2069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.6257.

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Boles, Will, Lauren Nguyen, Thad Tatum, Jarrod Wall, Alexandria Van Dall, Anjali Niyogi, Anna Sacks, Bruce Reilly, Claire Mulhollem et Ashley Wennerstrom. « A Qualitative Program Evaluation of a Digital Peer Support Group for Formerly Incarcerated People ». Progress in Community Health Partnerships : Research, Education, and Action 18, n^o 2 (juin 2024) : 167–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cpr.2024.a930713.

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Abstract: Objectives: A qualitative program evaluation of the Formerly Incarcerated Peer Support (FIPS) group, a peer-led mutual support group for formerly incarcerated people, was conducted to understand participant perceptions of (1) digital delivery via Zoom, (2) curriculum content, (3) roles of group participants, and (4) therapeutic value of FIPS group as it relates to traumatic experiences in prison and ongoing challenges after release. Methods: Using a community-based participatory action research approach, a qualitative evaluation was conducted with participants in either the 2020 or 2021 curriculum. Semi-structured interviews were conducted via Zoom, transcribed, de-identified, coded, and analyzed via applied thematic analysis and results reviewed with participants. Results: Of 75 formerly incarcerated participants, 20 interviews were conducted and recorded ( n = 20). All participants were male, 85% were Black, and the average age was 54.8 years old. Zoom delivery was not preferred, but feasible. Most appreciated the comprehensive and holistic curriculum that enabled peers to gain practical and emotional social support in different areas of life after release. The facilitator’s experience with prison programs and relationships within peer networks was essential for recruitment and retention. Participants described (1) feelings of acceptance, (2) examples of teaching and learning from peers’ improved insight, trigger management, response modification to stressors, and (3) improved understanding within relationships with those who have not been incarcerated. Conclusions: Digital delivery of peer-led psychosocial support groups for formerly incarcerated people is feasible and impactful. Future research can further characterize the lingering impacts of institutional traumas and quantify changes.

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Leutwyler, Heather, Erin Hubbard et Elaine Zahnd. « Case management helps prevent criminal justice recidivism for people with serious mental illness ». International Journal of Prisoner Health 13, n^o 3/4 (11 septembre 2017) : 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-06-2016-0021.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss how case management can decrease recidivism for people with serious mental illness (SMI) because people with SMI are at high risk for incarceration and recidivism. Design/methodology/approach Examples of successful case management models for formerly incarcerated individuals with SMI found through a secondary analysis of qualitative data and an analysis of the literature are presented. Findings Currently, no international, national, or statewide guidelines exist to ensure that formerly incarcerated individuals with SMI receive case management upon community reentry despite evidence that such services can prevent further criminal justice involvement. Recommendations include establishment of and evaluation of best practices for case management. In addition, the authors recommend additional funding for case management with the goal of greatly increasing the number of individuals with SMI leaving the criminal justice system in their ability to access adequate case management. Originality/value Providing effective case management tailored to the needs of formerly incarcerated people with SMI improves their quality of life and reduces their involvement in the criminal justice system with clear positive outcomes for public safety and public health.

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Rousseau, Danielle, et Carol Horton. « Exploring the Benefit of Yoga Programs in Carceral Settings ». International Journal of Yoga Therapy 30, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2020) : 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17761/2020-d-19-00039.

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Abstract This article presents a perspective on the value of yoga and mindfulness programming in carceral settings. The authors explore this topic through interviews with two formerly incarcerated people who participated in yoga programming while incarcerated and who went on to become yoga instructors themselves. Also examined are the potential effects of yoga programming for people who are incarcerated, for those working within carceral settings, and on carceral environments generally. We share recommendations for implementing yoga programming in carceral institutions and discuss policy implications. The stories of both interviewees reflect the value and potential positive effects of yoga programming within criminal justice settings and suggest the need for sustained programming and ongoing empirical evaluation.

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Fox, Aaron D., Matthew R. Anderson, Gary Bartlett, John Valverde, Ross F. MacDonald, Lauren I. Shapiro et Chinazo O. Cunningham. « A Description of an Urban Transitions Clinic Serving Formerly Incarcerated People ». Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 25, n^o 1 (2014) : 376–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2014.0039.

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Eades, David N. « Displacement through incarceration : an opportunity for personal re-engagement ». Journal of Adult Protection 21, n^o 1 (7 mars 2019) : 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jap-09-2018-0017.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to highlight that interpersonal relations within a visits venue in a carceral space can be restorative. This provides implications for staff working in institutions to support a visits programme to assist those incarcerated. Design/methodology/approach The experiences of those formerly incarcerated are captured through an ethnography of engagement by way of semi-structured interviews and field notes. In methodology it draws upon the fields of criminology and prison sociology, and in particular using an ethnographic approach within the field of Carceral Geography. Findings Interpersonal relationships developed, with a “significant other” within the liminality of displacement, are therapeutic in nature and potentially contribute to ongoing healthier relationships than previously experienced, once a person is released from incarceration. These also assist those incarcerated transition into the community when released. Research limitations/implications The sample within the study was only small, did not include the impact of family members, nor the impact of not having visitors upon people who are incarcerated. The feedback received was all positive. Other people might have had alternative experiences that were not captured in this study. Practical implications A practical outcome of this research is to encourage the development of interpersonal relationships and the reconstruction of social networks for those incarcerated as a means of early intervention for their recovery and future progress reintegrating back into society. Social implications The impact of a significant other helps those formerly incarcerated to value the importance of close supportive relationships in contributing to the lives of others socially. Originality/value Assisting those incarcerated develop a relationship with a significant other provides a unique protective element as a social intervention. Staff within institutions have a unique role within their service to facilitate visitors and to encourage those incarcerated to connect with a significant other so as to help their mental health, support their general well-being and give them hope for the future.

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Gurusami, Susila. « Working for Redemption : Formerly Incarcerated Black Women and Punishment in the Labor Market ». Gender & ; Society 31, n^o 4 (27 juin 2017) : 433–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891243217716114.

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This article uses 18 months of ethnographic observations with formerly incarcerated black women to contend that they are subjected to what I term rehabilitation labor—a series of unwritten state practices that seek to govern the transformation of formerly incarcerated people from criminals to workers. I reveal that employment is subjectively policed by state agents and must meet three conditions to count as work: reliable, recognizable, and redemptive. I find that women who are unable to meet these employment conditions are framed by state agents as failing to demonstrate an appropriate commitment to their moral—and therefore criminal—rehabilitation, and consequently experience perceived threats of reincarceration. Building a theory of intersectional capitalism, I argue that rehabilitation labor is situated within a broader historical project of making black women legible to the state through the labor market.

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Parker, Caroline Mary. « Carceral citizenship in Puerto Rico : Self-help and punishment ». European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, n^o 116 (12 décembre 2023) : 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.32992/erlacs.10979.

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The predominant criminological view of ‘carceral citizenship’ takes citizenship as a purely juridical matter, overlooking key social dimensions of citizenship as a human practice. To understand how the carceral turn is reconfiguring citizenship in Puerto Rico, I explore how formerly incarcerated people carve out a place for themselves in Puerto Rican society under the shadow of the prison. Focusing on one couple and their efforts to operate a therapeutic community, I show how self-help supplies a subset of former prisoners with a publicly recognized form of social belonging. Though more stable and encompassing than the stigmatized exile that awaits many people returning from prison, this carceral citizenship invites formerly incarcerated people to assume critical roles in the confinement, punishment, and care of people convicted of drug offences. Overall, this article highlights how self-help and punishment have emerged as intertwined mediums through which formerly incarcerated people assert their citizenship. Resumen: Ciudadanía carcelaria en Puerto Rico: Autoayuda y castigo La visión criminológica predominante de la “ciudadanía carcelaria” considera la ciudadanía como una cuestión puramente jurídica, obviando dimensiones sociales clave de la ciudadanía como la práctica humana. Para entender cómo el giro carcelario está reconfigurando la ciudadanía en Puerto Rico, exploro cómo las personas excarceladas se hacen un hueco en la sociedad puertorriqueña bajo la sombra de la prisión. Centrándome en una pareja y sus esfuerzos por gestionar una comunidad terapéutica, muestro cómo la autoayuda proporciona una forma de pertenencia social públicamente reconocida a un subconjunto de ex reclusos. Aunque más estable y abarcadora que el exilio estigmatizado que espera a muchas personas que regresan de la cárcel, esta ciudadanía carcelaria invita a personas anteriormente encarceladas a asumir funciones críticas en el confinamiento, castigo y cuidado de personas condenadas por delitos de drogas. En general, este artículo destaca cómo la autoayuda y el castigo han surgido como medios entrelazados a través de los cuales las personas excarceladas afirman su ciudadanía.

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Hwang, Jiwon, et Damon J. Phillips. « Entrepreneurship as a Response to Labor Market Discrimination for Formerly Incarcerated People ». Academy of Management Proceedings 2020, n^o 1 (août 2020) : 18636. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2020.205.

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Testa, Alexander, et Chantal Fahmy. « Oral health status and oral health care use among formerly incarcerated people ». Journal of the American Dental Association 151, n^o 3 (mars 2020) : 164–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2019.10.026.

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Barragan, Melissa, Gabriela Gonzalez, Justin Donald Strong, Dallas Augustine, Kelsie Chesnut, Keramet Reiter et Natalie A. Pifer. « Triaged Out of Care : How Carceral Logics Complicate a ‘Course of Care’ in Solitary Confinement ». Healthcare 10, n^o 2 (1 février 2022) : 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10020289.

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Incarceration, along with its most restrictive iteration, solitary confinement, is an increasingly common experience in America. More than two million Americans are currently incarcerated, and at least one-fifth of incarcerated people will experience solitary confinement. Understanding the barriers to care people experience in prison, and especially in solitary confinement, is key to improving their access to care during and after incarceration. Drawing on in-depth qualitative interviews with a random sample of 106 people living in solitary confinement and a convenience sample of 77 people working in solitary confinement in Washington State, we identify two key barriers to care that people in solitary confinement face: cultural barriers (assumptions that incarcerated people do not need or do not deserve care) and structural barriers (physical spaces and policies that make contacting a healthcare provider difficult). While scholarship has documented both the negative health consequences of solitary confinement and correctional healthcare providers’ challenges navigating between the “dual loyalty” of patient care and security missions, especially within solitary confinement, few have documented the specific mechanisms by which people in solitary confinement are repeatedly triaged out of healthcare access. Understanding these barriers to care is critical not only to improving correctional healthcare delivery but also to improving healthcare access for millions of formerly incarcerated people who have likely had negative experiences seeking healthcare in prison, especially if they were in solitary confinement.

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Quach, Khoi, Michael Cerda-Jara, Raven Deverux et Johnny Smith. « Prison, College, and the Labor Market : A Critical Analysis by Formerly Incarcerated and Justice-Impacted Students ». ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 701, n^o 1 (mai 2022) : 78–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00027162221112772.

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Enrollment in and navigation of higher learning institutions as a pathway to social mobility remains a significant challenge for many currently and formerly incarcerated people, particularly for those placed under community supervision. This article reviews research on the topic, drawing out key contributory factors and summarizing reform efforts in recent history. We discuss the potential differential benefits of postsecondary educational attainment for formerly incarcerated people and emphasize the need for more research around educational attainment for this population. We also examine effective model programs in the State of California as a way of highlighting the complex and variable nature of the challenges in higher learning for justice-impacted individuals due to their social and supervisory circumstances. These analyses are used as basis for general policy recommendations to provide a stronger foundation for targeted support frameworks and to assist institutional partners working to improve the experience and success of justice-impacted people in postsecondary education. We conclude the article with a critical reflection regarding the institutional function of education in accordance with the current demands of neoliberalism and a concomitant call to action anchored to an alternative vision for a more emancipatory education.

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Christian, Johnna. « The Promise and Challenge of Local Initiatives That Support Reentry and Reintegration ». ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 701, n^o 1 (mai 2022) : 191–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00027162221115380.

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Scholars and policy-makers are increasingly recognizing the limitations of bureaucracies to deliver the services and interventions that are most needed by people who have been impacted by the justice system. We are also seeing the ways in which supervision practices can exacerbate the challenges that formerly incarcerated people face in terms of meaningful reintegration with family and community after imprisonment. Local reentry initiatives are showing potential as a mechanism to advance the individual and collective well-being of justice-involved people. This article examines the strategies and initiatives of community-directed organizations that provide for people who have been incarcerated and considers lessons for future practice. Among our key findings are that services need to include people with histories of justice involvement in leadership at all levels of their organizations and that the outcome measures for success in service provision should not be limited to recidivism.

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Osman, Ingie H., Aparea Smith, Antonio Williams, Katie Pierson, Eric Ryu et Rebecca J. Shlafer. « Partnering to Address Health Inequities among Incarcerated Populations : Prisons, Jails, and COVID-19 Vaccination ». Progress in Community Health Partnerships : Research, Education, and Action 18, n^o 2 (juin 2024) : 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cpr.2024.a930715.

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Abstract: Background: Incarcerated people have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and face significant challenges to COVID-19 vaccine confidence. Objectives: (1) Describe our partnerships with community members directly impacted by incarceration, (2) discuss the partnership’s process for co-developing and implementing project interventions to increase COVID-19 vaccine confidence, and (3) share lessons learned from this unique community-engaged partnership. Methods: An advisory board of 14 formerly incarcerated community members participated in this project. Their wisdom and experience led to the development and implementation of interventions to increase confidence in COVID-19 vaccines among incarcerated people. Lessons Learned: Valuable lessons learned were centering community, leaning into trusted sources of information, acknowledging historical and present harms, and investing in community-engaged work. Conclusions: Centering lived experiences of those directly impacted by incarceration has been crucial to increasing vaccine confidence among this population. Doing so reinforced the importance of long-term investments in community-based collaborations with communities impacted by incarceration.

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Lee, Jane Jean-Hee, Vincent Guilamo-Ramos, Miguel Muñoz-Laboy, Kevin Lotz et Lindsay Bornheimer. « Mechanisms of Familial Influence on Reentry among Formerly Incarcerated Latino Men ». Social Work 61, n^o 3 (26 avril 2016) : 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sw/sww023.

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Abstract In the United States more than 10,000 people are released from state and federal prisons every week and often reenter the communities in which they were arrested. Formerly incarcerated individuals face considerable challenges to securing employment and housing. Subsequently, approximately two-thirds of former prisoners are rearrested within three years of their release. Latino men represent the fastest growing ethnic group of prisoners in the United States with unique cultural and social needs during the reentry process. The present study examined the role of the family in the reentry process through in-depth interviews (N = 16) with formerly incarcerated Latino men (FILM). The authors sought to identify familial processes specific to Latino men with potential to affect engagement and participation in reentry programs. Findings suggest that family mechanisms of social control and social support influence FILM’s reentry. Social work practitioners who work with this growing population can engage familial processes to prevent recidivism and promote desistance.

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Prior, Francis B. « Urban Neoliberal Debt Peonage : Prisoner Reentry, Work, and the New Jim Crow ». Social Currents 8, n^o 5 (5 février 2021) : 446–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2329496521991578.

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In this study, I analyze the experiences of people leaving prison and jail, using the concept of urban neoliberal debt peonage. I define urban neoliberal debt peonage as the push of race-class subjugated (RCS) formerly incarcerated people into the low-wage labor market. I argue that urban neoliberal debt peonage is a social process of economic extraction from and racial control of RCS groups structured by state bureaucracies and corporate employers. I provide evidence for this argument using participant observation and interview methods in a large northeastern U.S. city at an employment-oriented prisoner reentry organization that I call “Afterward.” People came to Afterward seeking employment, but were forwarded to work that was often unstable and unable to support subsistence living. Unstable low-wage work did not alter people’s social and economic situations enough to preclude them from engaging in income-producing criminal activity that comes with the risk of reincarceration. Meanwhile, the criminal justice system extracted money from the formerly incarcerated via debt collection, and corporate employers benefited from neoliberal policies that give them tax breaks for hiring Afterward clients. While not identical, the social process of urban neoliberal debt peonage echoes that of post–Civil War debt peonage and convict leasing.

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Lu, Benjamin, Kathryn Thomas, Solomon Feder, James Bhandary-Alexander, Jenerius Aminawung et Lisa B. Puglisi. « The Association Between Civil Legal Needs After Incarceration, Psychosocial Stress, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors ». Journal of Law, Medicine & ; Ethics 51, n^o 4 (2023) : 856–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jme.2024.26.

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AbstractMany formerly incarcerated people have civil legal needs that can imperil their successful re-entry to society and, consequently, their health. We categorize these needs and assess their association with cardiovascular disease risk factors in a sample of recently released people. We find that having legal needs related to debt, public benefits, housing, or healthcare access is associated with psychosocial stress, but not uncontrolled high blood pressure or high cholesterol, in the first three months after release.

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Cohen, Mary L. « Choral Singing in Prisons : Evidence-Based Activities to Support Returning Citizens ». Prison Journal 99, n^o 4_suppl (10 juillet 2019) : 106S—117S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032885519861082.

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Choral singing in prisons can help incarcerated individuals identify as returning citizens instead of felons. Shadd Maruna argues that while many legal and penal rituals exist to convince individuals to identify as “offenders,” few such rituals are in place to reconnect formerly incarcerated people to identify as community members outside of prisons. Maruna describes successful reintegration rituals as symbolic and emotive, repetitive, community-based, and infused with a dynamic of challenge and achievement; they give form to political and social processes that enable successful reentry. I maintain that choral singing models positive reintegration rituals that promote prosocial connections between returning citizens and the societies to which they are restored.

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Ruffin, Joshua R., Nishaun T. Battle et Elizabeth Monk-Turner. « Formerly Incarcerated People With Disabilities : Perceptions of Accessibility and Accommodations in Correctional Programs ». Journal of Correctional Health Care 28, n^o 1 (1 février 2022) : 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jchc.19.12.0095.

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Greene, Joss T. « Categorical Exclusions : How Racialized Gender Regulation Reproduces Reentry Hardship ». Social Problems 66, n^o 4 (28 novembre 2018) : 548–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spy023.

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AbstractSince gender organizes key reentry services such as housing, formerly incarcerated people seeking resources must successfully inhabit a gender category. Drawing on seven months of ethnography and 79 interviews with service providers and formerly incarcerated transgender people, I show that these organizational practices of gender categorization are racialized and impact resource access. Most gender-segregated housing programs rely on biology-based definitions of gender. These gender rules create workable options for trans men to stay with women, but bar trans women from women’s spaces. Once in gendered housing programs, clients need to navigate gender assessment in interactions. Trans men employed several strategies to establish gendered selves who were easily categorized as either male or female, which allowed them to access stable housing. Gender sanctioning posed a major problem for black trans women. Black trans women were highly scrutinized in women’s programs, characterized as illegitimate based on biological definitions of gender, and harassed for any perceived deviation from gender norms. When harassment escalated into conflict, they were expelled from programs. Regulation of black trans women’s womanhood led to systematic material deprivation. By understanding the connections between categorical exclusions and exclusion from resources we can better understand the reproduction of reentry hardship and inequality more broadly.

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Maschi, Tina, Keith Morgen, Kimberly Westcott, Deborah Viola et Lindsay Koskinen. « Aging, Incarceration, and Employment Prospects : Recommendations for Practice and Policy Reform ». Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 45, n^o 4 (1 décembre 2014) : 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.45.4.44.

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Aging people in prison and post-prison release pose significant yet surmountable challenges in satisfying age-specific educational, training, employment, financial and civic participation rights. This descriptive study of 677 older prisoners, aged 50+, in a statewide prison system provides a historical analysis of past and current individual and social structural level factors that influence the prisoners' economic and employment prospects after being released from prison. Results highlight the diversity within this population based on socio-demographics, work histories, family obligations, health status, and legal histories that influence the level of support experienced post incarceration. Thesefindings suggest the need for comprehensive services that provide prison and post-prison release education, vocational training, and housing and job placement for incarcerated and formerly incarcerated older adults. Strategies for providing culturally responsive tools and resources to support education, training, and employment offormerly incarcerated older adults are discussed.

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Smith, Natalie. « How Tax Credits Can Support Formerly Incarcerated Individuals and Their Families ». ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 701, n^o 1 (mai 2022) : 134–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00027162221114232.

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Tax credits like the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) can provide vital income support to people returning to their communities following incarceration. But the current design of the EITC prevents many from accessing the income support that it provides. In this article, I propose expanding the EITC so that it better serves communities that have been harmed by punitive criminal legal policy. An expanded EITC could raise the incomes of community members returning from incarceration by 8 to 40 percent and raise the incomes of some caregiving families by 20 to 35 percent. I also consider the potential of the Work Opportunity Tax Credit (WOTC) to encourage employers to hire justice-involved workers. Finally, I argue that policy-makers should develop a bolder, refundable tax credit targeted at individuals who return to their communities from a variety of institutions, including carceral facilities. With more inclusive tax credits, social policy can begin to redress the harms of mass incarceration and support a vision of public safety that is centered on flourishing communities.

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Reisdorf, Bianca C., et Julia R. DeCook. « Locked up and left out : Formerly incarcerated people in the context of digital inclusion ». New Media & ; Society 24, n^o 2 (février 2022) : 478–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14614448211063178.

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Digital inequalities disproportionately affect vulnerable and marginalized populations, including formerly incarcerated persons (FIPs), who experience compound vulnerabilities, such as advanced aging, disability, low incomes and education, gender-based marginalization, and in the United States also race and ethnicity. Building on existing frameworks of digital skills and Reisdorf and Rikard’s digital rehabilitation model, this article examines how FIPs navigate the digital society post-incarceration and provides support for the digital rehabilitation model. Examining data from focus groups with FIPs in the United States, we demonstrate that lack of access to ICTs and the Internet during incarceration deprives FIPs of necessary digital skills to navigate the various fields of everyday life (economic, social, cultural, personal, health) that are deeply embedded in digital technologies. Policies regarding digital rehabilitation need to increase limited Internet access during incarceration and provide comprehensive digital skills training tailored to FIPs to allow their full integration into the speed-of-light society.

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Boles, Will, Lauren Nguyen, Thad Tatum, Jarrod Wall, Alexandria Van Dall, Anjali Niyogi, Anna Sacks, Bruce Reilly, Claire Mulhollem et Ashley Wennerstrom. « A Qualitative Program Evaluation of a Digital Peer Support Group for Formerly Incarcerated People ». Progress in Community Health Partnerships : Research, Education, and Action 18, n^o 2 (juin 2024) : e5-e6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cpr.2024.a930709.

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Massaro, Vanessa A. « Relocating the “inmate” : Tracing the geographies of social reproduction in correctional supervision ». Environment and Planning C : Politics and Space 38, n^o 7-8 (2 mai 2019) : 1216–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654419845911.

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Neoliberal governance spurs the contradictory drives of securitization and austerity in the US carceral system. Correctional and parole offices cut costs by relocating care, relying upon the work of Black women, their families, and communities to provide myriad services to their incarcerated and paroled loved ones. Yet while their labor is vital to the reproduction and growth of this system, these same neoliberal processes work systematically to erase it. In doing so, they allow new kinds of unwarranted state surveillance through the private space of the home. In this article, I critically analyze the austerity measures implemented by Pennsylvania’s Department of Corrections, an institution that has undergone extensive reforms since 2012. To do so, I bridge feminist political and economic geographies, examining state processes via an analysis of unpaid reproductive labor, everyday practices, and emotion. Through a three-year ethnographic study with the loved ones of incarcerated people, I show how the state externalizes the cost of supervision onto prisoners’ support networks, relying in varied ways on families for the care and surveillance of prisoners. I show that this covert strategy enables the state to claim reductions in prison populations while, in fact, maintaining containment of formerly incarcerated people. These findings urge increased attention to the state’s dependence on incarcerated people’s support networks, demonstrating the vital insights a feminist geographic perspective offers in this age of austerity.

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Eshak, Tarek B., Lauren Parker, Yung-Chen Chiu, Kyesha M. Isadore, Yusen Zhai, Rhea Banerjee et Liza M. Conyers. « Addressing the Syndemic Effects of Incarceration : The Role of Rehabilitation Counselors in Public Health ». Rehabilitation Research, Policy, and Education 36, n^o 1 (1 février 2022) : 15–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/re-21-22.

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PurposeThe role of rehabilitation counseling in addressing major public health issues is an emerging area in the field. Despite higher rates of disease burden among currently or formerly incarcerated people, the syndemic effects of incarceration has received little attention. This article outlines how to think of incarceration from a syndemic perspective.MethodThe authors of this article draw upon syndemic theory to 1) describe the social determinants of health that lead to a greater risk of incarceration of people with substance use disorders (SUD), mental illness (MI), and infectious diseases (ID), 2) describe the syndemic impact of incarceration leading to more significant levels of disability for these populations, and 3) discuss implications for rehabilitation counseling professionals.ResultsThis article highlights that incarceration may interact synergistically in various syndemics, having an exacerbated health and economic effects on individuals who are/were incarcerated, their families, and communities.ConclusionsBy employing stigma reduction strategies, advocating for prevention and treatment services, and addressing social determinants of health, rehabilitation counseling professionals have a substantial role to play in mitigating the syndemic impact of incarceration on people with SUD, MI, and ID.

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Johnson, Sterling. « Marronage and Philadelphia’s Housing Justice Fight ». Radical Housing Journal 4, n^o 1 (13 juillet 2022) : 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.54825/jnvu2587.

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This update focuses on the ongoing work of Philadelphia Housing Action and how the group has maintained a politics of marronage in their organizing with homeless residents and in encampments during the Covid-19 pandemic. The group is comprised of a group of Black, white, Indigenous, Asian, Queer, Cis and Trans, poor, undocumented, working class, drug users, sex workers, formerly incarcerated, chronically ill, and disabled and deformed people who came together to make their place in Philadelphia's Center City through protests, housing reclamation, and relationship building.

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Gámez, Grace. « The Zombification of Formerly Incarcerated and Convicted People : Radical Democracy, Insurgent Citizenship, and Reclaiming Humanity ». Journal of Prisoners on Prisons 22, n^o 2 (1 décembre 2013) : 50–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/jpp.v22i2.5076.

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Patel, Kavita, Amy Boutwell, Bradley W. Brockmann et Josiah D. Rich. « Integrating Correctional And Community Health Care For Formerly Incarcerated People Who Are Eligible For Medicaid ». Health Affairs 33, n^o 3 (mars 2014) : 468–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2013.1164.

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Lucas, Ashley, Alexandra Friedman et Efrén Paredes. « Prisons and Activism in the Pandemic : How Survivors of Incarceration Shift What Civic Participation Means ». Urdimento - Revista de Estudos em Artes Cênicas 3, n^o 39 (23 décembre 2020) : 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5965/14145731033920200103.

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In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, currently and formerly incarcerated people in the state of Michigan in the United States are partnering with writers and artists in the free world to make themselves more visible in this moment of crisis. This article looks at three case studies (the MYLIFEMATTERSTOO newsletter, the Living on Loss of Privileges web series, and correspondence programming at the Prison Creative Arts Project) in which people in prison and those who have been recently released are using their creativity and networks of supporters to assert their voices and rights. In doing so, they insist that they are citizens actively participating in free world communities.

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Willmott, Donna, et Juliana Van Olphen. « Challenging the Health Impacts of Incarceration ». Californian Journal of Health Promotion 3, n^o 2 (1 juin 2005) : 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v3i2.1762.

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With 2.1 million Americans behind bars, the United States incarcerates more people per capita than any other country in the world. This article examines the ways mass incarceration contributes to poor health, particularly within poor communities and communities of color, which already bear a disproportionate burden of ill-health and disease. We explore the multiple health impacts of incarceration and the ways current criminal justice policies contribute to health disparities. We discuss the role of Community Health Workers in mitigating the effects of incarceration by fostering social support, linking formerly incarcerated individuals with existing community services and acting as agents for social change.

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Kriegel, Liat S., Stacey L. Barrenger et Benjamin F. Henwood. « Public space as a potential resource during reentry for formerly incarcerated people with serious mental illnesses ». Health & ; Place 84 (novembre 2023) : 103133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103133.

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Augustine, Dallas. « Working around the Law : Navigating Legal Barriers to Employment during Reentry ». Law & ; Social Inquiry 44, n^o 03 (14 mars 2019) : 726–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lsi.2018.23.

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Employment has been cited as one of the most effective protections against recidivism for formerly incarcerated people; however, job seekers with criminal records face barriers to employment after prison. They find themselves in a legal double bind where they are simultaneously compelled to obey the law (by finding “legit” work) but also legally barred from doing so. To navigate this conflictual legal positioning, job seekers with felony records develop strategies of working around the law to find employment. Through thirty qualitative interviews with people with felony records, I examine this alternative form of legal consciousness and detail the ways in which individuals navigate the legal barriers to acquiring “good” work. Ultimately, job seekers’ often extralegal strategies of law abidance blur the line between compliance with and defiance of the law.

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Ricciardelli, Rosemary, Sandra Bucerius, Justin Tetrault, Ben Crewe et David Pyrooz. « Correctional services during and beyond COVID-19 ». FACETS 6, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2021) : 490–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2021-0023.

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Correctional services, both institutional and within the community, are impacted by COVID-19. In the current paper, we focus on the current situation and examine the tensions around how COVID-19 has introduced new challenges while also exacerbating strains on the correctional system. Here, we make recommendations that are directly aimed at how correctional systems manage COVID-19 and address the nature and structure of correctional systems that should be continued after the pandemic. In addition, we highlight and make recommendations for the needs of those who remain incarcerated in general, and for Indigenous people in particular, as well as for those who are serving their sentences in the community. Further, we make recommendations for those working in closed-custody institutions and employed to support the re-entry experiences of formerly incarcerated persons. We are at a critical juncture—where reflection and change are possible—and we put forth recommendations toward supporting those working and living in correctional services as a way forward during the pandemic and beyond.

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Goodman, Philip. « “Work Your Story” : Selective Voluntary Disclosure, Stigma Management, and Narratives of Seeking Employment After Prison ». Law & ; Social Inquiry 45, n^o 4 (19 mai 2020) : 1113–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lsi.2020.9.

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Using interviews with forty formerly incarcerated people in the Greater Toronto Area, I explore how criminal record holders describe seeking work. People articulate being driven by a desire to be selective to whom, when, and how they disclose their past criminal record; they simultaneously want to talk about their past, at least to some people, some of the time. Many say they are quite selective in what types of jobs and employers they seek out, and their efforts to secure employment are driven by broader projects of stigma management. In light of these findings, I coin “selective, voluntary disclosure” (SVD) as a new set of policy configurations that aim to facilitate not only employment but also dignity, privacy, and empowerment. SVD is well attuned with what former prisoners describe doing on an everyday basis, and it accords with their goals, aspirations, and rehabilitative self-projects.

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Reilly, Jo Marie, Philip Spektor, Miguel De La Torre, Sneha Paranandi et Jessica Bogner. « Tattoo Removal in People of Color Who Were Formerly Incarcerated or Were Gang Members : Complications and Best Practices ». Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 34, n^o 4 (novembre 2023) : 1414–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2023.a912726.

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Abstract: There are limited data about the tattoo removal process in formerly gang-involved and incarcerated people of color. This single center retrospective study was conducted on patients treated at Homeboy Industries' Ya'Stuvo Tattoo Removal Clinic between January 2016–December 2018. It reviewed data on 2,118 tattoos, and a representative sample of 502 patients was used to conduct our analysis. Treatment on 118 of the tattoos (5.57%) resulted in at least one complication (hypo-or hyper-pigmentation, keloids, or scarring). Patients who experienced tattoo removal complications (7.3%) were less likely to return to complete the removal process. More complications were experienced with higher fluences of energy, on tattoos placed by professional artists, on colored tattoos, and tattoos on clients who had a greater number of treatments. The study highlights complications and best practices in tattoo removal in people of color, a process critical to the reintegration and gang disengagement of this vulnerable population.

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Hanes, Douglas, et Sean Clousten. « THE EFFECTS OF LIFETIME EXPERIENCES OF HOMELESSNESS AND INCARCERATION ON COGNITIVE AGING ». Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (1 novembre 2022) : 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2473.

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Abstract Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) remain a pressing health concern in the U.S., and this burden and access to care are unequally distributed across the population. The U.S. has one of the highest incarceration rates globally, which is also unequally distributed; and groups like veterans, formerly incarcerated people, and sexual and gender minorities (SGM) face high risk of homelessness. Homelessness and incarceration are potentially traumatic experiences in themselves. Both experiences are more likely among people with less formal education, less economic security, and racialized groups, even as they reduce educational and economic opportunities. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; 1998–2016), we investigate whether self-reported lifetime experiences of homelessness and incarceration (including time spent incarcerated) are associated with cognitive functioning and risk of possible dementia. Multilevel modeling adjusted for age, education, and other demographic covariates revealed that lifetime experiences of homelessness and incarceration are associated with lower cognition (Homelessness: β=-1.231, p< .001; Incarceration: β=-0.929; p < .001), but slower aging-related declines (Homelessness-slopes: β=0.044, p<.001; Incarceration-slope β=0.041; p<.001), and homelessness moderated the impact of prior incarceration (β=-1.789; p<.001), but less-steep declines (β=0.092; p <.001). Homelessness and incarceration, independent of their other risk factors and associated harms, have associations with ADRD risk.

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Woodall, Denise. « Here She Comes : Women of Convict Criminology ». Journal of Prisoners on Prisons 33, n^o 1 (16 novembre 2023) : 38–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/jpp.v33i1.7017.

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In response to Joanne Belknap’s 2014 presidential address in which she critiqued the white male dominance of Convict Criminology, formerly incarcerated women formed the group’s first thematic panel on “Women of Convict Criminology” at the American Society of Criminology annual conference in 2016. This article reports the results of an analysis presented in the first session that illustrates the invisibility of directly impacted women contributors to our knowledgebase and recaps the inspiration, courage, and empiricism that sparked the presence of a new, more diverse group of directly impacted people fighting for recognition and inclusion in knowledge construction within ‘malestream’ criminology. Ways of conceptualizing carceral status as one axis of oppressions and directions for the future of Convict Criminology are discussed.

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Harding, David J., Bruce Western et Jasmin A. Sandelson. « From Supervision to Opportunity : Reimagining Probation and Parole ». ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 701, n^o 1 (mai 2022) : 8–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00027162221115486.

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Across a variety of measures of safety and rehabilitation, our current systems of parole and probation are failing. Research shows that community supervision fails to reduce crime; traps its subjects in cycles of criminal justice involvement; is excessively punitive; and creates widespread harm to individuals, families, and communities—all while failing to significantly contribute to the social and economic integration of those under its control. We argue for a wholesale reform of community supervision, including the abandonment of current monitoring and control functions, and the repurposing of resources into systems of support for the hundreds of thousands of people leaving prison and jail every year. We also provide an overview to the articles assembled for this volume, which chart the challenges facing those on community supervision and offer a roadmap of potential policy solutions for improving the life chances of formerly incarcerated and justice-involved people.

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Cepeda, Javier A., Marina V. Vetrova, Alexandra I. Lyubimova, Olga S. Levina, Robert Heimer et Linda M. Niccolai. « Community reentry challenges after release from prison among people who inject drugs in St. Petersburg, Russia ». International Journal of Prisoner Health 11, n^o 3 (21 septembre 2015) : 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-03-2015-0007.

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Purpose – Little is known about the context of the post-release risk environment among formerly incarcerated people who inject drugs (PWID) in Russia. The purpose of this paper is to explore these challenges as they relate to reentry, relapse to injection opioid use, and overdose. Design/methodology/approach – The authors conducted 25 in-depth semi-structured interviews among PWID living in St Petersburg, Russia who had been incarcerated within the past two years. Participants were recruited from street outreach (n=20) and a drug treatment center (n=5). Findings – Emergent themes related to the post-release environment included financial instability, negative interactions with police, return to a drug using community, and reuniting with drug using peers. Many respondents relapsed to opioid use immediately after release. Those whose relapse occurred weeks or months after their release expressed more motivation to resist. Alcohol or stimulant use often preceded the opioid relapse episode. Among those who overdosed, alcohol use was often reported prior to overdosing on opioids. Practical implications – Future post-release interventions in Russia should effectively link PWID to social, medical, and harm reduction services. Particular attention should be focussed on helping former inmates find employment and overdose prevention training prior to leaving prison that should also cover the heightened risk of concomitant alcohol use. Originality/value – In addition to describing a syndemic involving the intersection of incarceration, injection drug use, poverty, and alcohol abuse, the findings can inform future interventions to address these interrelated public health challenges within the Russian setting.

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Galeotti, Raquel, Laura López-Gallego et Alejandra López-Gómez. « Treatment program for ex-jailed sex offenders in Uruguay : from knowledge to policy. » Revista Interamericana de Psicología/Interamerican Journal of Psychology 56, n^o 1 (26 juillet 2022) : e1301. http://dx.doi.org/10.30849/ripijp.v56i1.1301.

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In this article, we discuss the process of implementing a pilot program of the treatment of sex offenders in Uruguay. We implemented an intervention-research based on the case study method delimited in terms of institutional and thematic scenarios; a national public institution whose main objective is the socio-labor and community inclusion of formerly incarcerated people. The data collection took place between February and October 2018, through group interviews with the technical team of the program and semi-structured interviews with the directorate. We present the analyzed theoretical and technical dimensions involved in the implementation of a community-based program for sexual offenders, according to two analytical lines: the specificity of the approach towards sexual offenders and the conceptions of the key institutional actors surrounding sexual violence.

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Kamat, Samir, Sankeerth Kondapalli, Shumayl Syed, Gabrielle Price, George Danias, Ksenia Gorbenko, Joel Cantor, Pamela Valera, Aakash K. Shah et Matthew J. Akiyama. « Access to Hepatitis C Treatment during and after Incarceration in New Jersey, United States : A Qualitative Study ». Life 13, n^o 4 (17 avril 2023) : 1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13041033.

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Despite effective antiviral therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV), people who are incarcerated and those returning to the community face challenges in obtaining HCV treatment. We aimed to explore facilitators and barriers to HCV treatment during and after incarceration. From July–November 2020 and June–July 2021, we conducted 27 semi-structured interviews with residents who were formerly incarcerated in jail or prison. The interviews were audio-recorded and professionally transcribed. We used descriptive statistics to characterize the study sample and analyzed qualitative data thematically using an iterative process. Participants included five women and 22 men who self-identified as White (n = 14), Latinx (n = 8), and Black (n = 5). During incarceration, a key facilitator was having sufficient time to complete HCV treatment, and the corresponding barrier was delaying treatment initiation. After incarceration, a key facilitator was connecting with reentry programs (e.g., halfway house or rehabilitation program) that coordinated the treatment logistics and provided support with culturally sensitive staff. Barriers included a lack of insurance coverage and higher-ranking priorities (e.g., managing more immediate reentry challenges such as other comorbidities, employment, housing, and legal issues), low perceived risk of harm related to HCV, and active substance use. Incarceration and reentry pose distinct facilitators and challenges to accessing HCV treatment. These findings signal the need for interventions to improve engagement in HCV care both during and after incarceration to assist in closing the gap of untreated people living with HCV.

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McLemore, Monica R., et Zakeya Warner Hand. « Making the case for innovative reentry employment programs : previously incarcerated women as birth doulas – a case study ». International Journal of Prisoner Health 13, n^o 3/4 (11 septembre 2017) : 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-07-2016-0026.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to make a case for novel and innovative reentry programs focused on women of color and to describe policy recommendations that are necessary to support the sustainability of these programs and in turn the success of the women who participate in them. Design/methodology/approach A review and analysis of the literature that described job-training opportunities specifically targeted to women exiting jail and the impact on recidivism provided limited information. The authors developed, implemented, and evaluated doula training program for low-income and women of color to determine if birth work could provide stable income and decrease recidivism. Findings Training low-income formerly incarcerated women to become birth doulas is an innovative strategy to solve employment barriers faced by women reentering communities from jail. Realigning women within communities via birth support to other women also provides culturally relevant and appropriate members of the healthcare team for traditionally vulnerable populations. Doulas are important members of the healthcare workforce and can improve birth outcomes. The authors’ work testing doula training, as a reentry vocational program has been successful in producing 16 culturally relevant and appropriate doulas of color that experienced no re-arrests and to date no program participant has experienced recidivism. Originality/value To be successful, the intersections of race, gender, and poverty, for women of color should be considered in the design of reentry programs for individuals exiting jail. The authors’ work provided formerly incarcerated and low-income women of color with vocational skills that provide consistent income, serve as a gateway to the health professions, and increase the numbers of well-trained people of color who serve as providers of care.

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Elisha, Ety. « Inmates in the Role of the "Wounded Healer" : The Virtuous of Peer-to-Peer Programs in Prison ». International Journal of Criminology and Sociology 11 (9 mars 2022) : 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2022.11.02.

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Researchers in the field of crime desistance have recently focused on the strength-based role of the "wounded healer" or "professional-ex", as exemplified by former addicts and prisoners who desist from crime and recover through the professional practice of peer mentoring. Studies point to the many benefits inherent in the role of the “wounded healer” for incarcerated people employed in peer-based rehabilitation roles. These benefits can include opportunities to experience accomplishments and an increasing sense of ability and self-worth. Additional benefits include acquiring a new meaning and purpose in life, the development of a new self-identity, increasing feelings of belonging and satisfaction from life, and a stronger commitment to avoid crime. These findings suggest that formerly incarcerated individuals can form positive, pro-social relationships with their peers and serve as positive role models for them. The purpose of the present article is to review the current literature on peer-to-peer programs currently implemented in Western prisons, to establish and expand them, as a means of improving the rehabilitation efforts of present and past prisoners. It is recommended to examine the preservation of their benefits and effectiveness in the long run, both for aid providers and recipients.

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Puljević, Cheneal, et Catherine J. Segan. « Systematic Review of Factors Influencing Smoking Following Release From Smoke-Free Prisons ». Nicotine & ; Tobacco Research 21, n^o 8 (4 mai 2018) : 1011–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/nty088.

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AbstractIntroductionGiven the current proliferation of prison smoke-free policies internationally, and the multiple benefits of continued smoking abstinence for correctional populations, improved understanding of factors influencing postrelease smoking abstinence is required to inform support strategies aimed at individuals exiting smoke-free prisons.MethodsWe systematically searched health, social science, and criminal justice databases for studies relating to smoking behaviors among people released from smoke-free prisons. Studies were included if: they were published between January 1, 2000 and July 26, 2017; they were published in English; the population was people who were incarcerated or formerly incarcerated in prisons with total smoke-free policies; and the reported outcomes included measures of: (1) prerelease intention to smoke or remain abstinent from smoking following release, (2) smoking relapse or abstinence following release, or (3) quit attempts following postrelease smoking relapse. Both authors independently screened returned citations to assess eligibility and reviewed studies for methodological quality using the Effective Public Health Practice Project’s Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies.ResultsFifteen of 121 publications were included. The evidence base in this area is small, almost exclusively US-based, and is mostly methodologically weak. Interventions delivered both pre and postrelease, that strengthen intention to quit, integrate with other substance-use treatment, and facilitate social support for quitting may help maintain postrelease smoking abstinence.ConclusionsThere is an urgent need for high-quality research to inform interventions to reduce high smoking relapse rates upon release from smoke-free prisons, to extend the multiple benefits of continued smoking abstinence into the community.ImplicationsInterventions designed to help people remain abstinent from tobacco following release from smoke-free prisons are an important opportunity to improve the health, finances, and well-being of this vulnerable population.

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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Disenfranchisement of formerly incarcerated people »

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