Articles de revues : « Disaster sociology »

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Forrest, Thomas R., Russell R. Dynes, Bruna De Marchi et Carlo Pelanda. « Sociology of Disasters : Contributions of Sociology to Disaster Research. » Contemporary Sociology 17, n^o 3 (mai 1988) : 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2069617.

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Laska, Shirley, R. R. Dynes, B. De Marchi et C. Pelanda. « Sociology of Disasters : Contributions of Sociology to Disaster Research. » Social Forces 68, n^o 1 (septembre 1989) : 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2579243.

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Gillespie, David F., et Anthony Oberschall. « Book Review : Sociology of Disasters : Contribution of Sociology to Disaster Research ». International Journal of Mass Emergencies & ; Disasters 8, n^o 2 (août 1990) : 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072709000800207.

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Frailing, Kelly, et Dee Wood Harper. « Examining Postdisaster Behavior Through a Criminological Lens : A Look at Property Crime ». American Behavioral Scientist 64, n^o 8 (juillet 2020) : 1179–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764220938110.

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Disaster sociology has a rich and undeniably valuable history. Among other things, it has revealed much about the behavior of disaster survivors. In recent years, criminologists have turned their attention and the discipline’s theories, methods, and data sources to understanding behavior in the wake of disasters and have come to a number of additional and sometimes different conclusions than did sociologists. In this article, we examine property crime in the wake of some recent and high-profile disasters. We find short-term increases in burglary after a number of disasters, ostensibly challenging some long-held notions in disaster sociology. We contend that the use of criminological methods including secondary analysis of extant data to understand behavior after disasters provides a more nuanced and accurate picture of postdisaster behavior and conclude with a call for inclusion of these theories, methods, and data sources in disaster studies more widely.

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UCHIDA, Ryushi. « Disaster Studies and Urban Sociology ». Annals of Japan Association for Urban Sociology 2016, n^o 34 (2016) : 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5637/jpasurban.2016.1.

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Fischer, Henry W. « The Sociology of Disaster : Definitions, Research Questions, & ; Measurements Continuation of the Discussion in a Post-September 11 Environment ». International Journal of Mass Emergencies & ; Disasters 21, n^o 1 (mars 2003) : 91–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072700302100104.

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Disaster researchers come from varied fields of inquiry, practice diverse methodologies, yet we embrace some of the same, perhaps dysfunctional, academic traditions. This paper aims to stimulate diverse reactions. It continues the conversation from the 1998 edited Quarantelli book, What is a Disaster? addressing questions such as “what is a disaster, what is the sociology of disaster, and what is it that disaster sociologists study? It will also begin to argue that it is indeed possible to measure disasters sociologically. An attempted disaster scale is offered. While it has long been argued that such a scale is untenable, it is argued herein that in the aftermath of September 11, 2001, an attempt to create such a scale is imperative. A conceptual, rather than a purely quantitative disaster scale is designed—one potentially useful to both researchers and practitioners. It differentiates between the disaster agent, or precipitating event, and the sociological focus, or social structure (and its adjustments). Scale, scope and (time) duration are applied to create ten disaster categories. The scale encompasses everyday emergencies, severe emergencies, six types of “disasters” (focusing on whether a community was partially or completely disrupted or distressed as well as focusing on community size), multiple simultaneous population center catastrophes, and societal annihilation—all forming a continuum ranging from disaster category 1 through 10.

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Islam, Md Saidul, et Si Hui Lim. « When “Nature” Strikes : A Sociology of Climate Change and Disaster Vulnerabilities in Asia ». Nature and Culture 10, n^o 1 (1 mars 2015) : 57–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/nc.2015.100104.

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Home to 60 percent of the world's population, Asia accounts for 85 percent of those killed and affected globally by disaster events in 2011. Using an integrated sociological framework comprised of the pressure and release (PAR) model and the double-risk society hypothesis, and drawing on data obtained from the Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT), PreventionWeb, and the IPCC special report on extreme events, this article offers a sociological understanding of disaster development and recovery in Asia. The particular focus is on seven Asian countries, namely, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Thailand, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Rather than treating disasters entirely as “natural” events caused by “violent forces of nature”, we emphasize various ways in which social systems create disaster vulnerability. We argue that existing disaster mitigation and adaptation strategies in Asia that focus almost entirely on the natural and technological aspects of hazards have serious limitations, as they ignore the root causes of disaster vulnerabilities, such as limited access to power and resources. This article therefore recommends a holistic approach to disaster management and mitigation that takes into consideration the various larger social, political, and economic conditions and contexts.

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Hodges, MA, Lori R. « Systems fragility : The sociology of chaos ». Journal of Emergency Management 14, n^o 3 (1 mai 2016) : 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2016.0284.

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This article examines the concept of community fragility in emergency management from a systems perspective. Using literature that addresses fragility in four areas of complex systems, including ecosystems, social systems, sociotechnical systems, and complex adaptive systems, a theoretical framework focused on the emergency management field is created. These findings illustrate how community fragility factors can be used in the emergency management field to not only improve overall outcomes after disaster but also build less fragile systems and communities in preparation for future disasters.

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Yusoff, Sarina, et Nur Hafizah Yusoff. « Disaster Risks Management through Adaptive Actions from Human-Based Perspective : Case Study of 2014 Flood Disaster ». Sustainability 14, n^o 12 (17 juin 2022) : 7405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127405.

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In Malaysia, floods are often considered a normal phenomenon in the lives of some communities, which can sometimes cause disasters to occur beyond expectations, as shown during the flood of 2014. The issue of flood disasters, which particularly impacts SDG 13 of the integrated Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), still lacks widespread attention from sociology researchers in Malaysia. Similarly, questions related to the welfare of victims, especially in regards to aspects of disaster management from a humanitarian perspective, are still neglected. This study aims to identify the adaptive actions through a solution from a humanitarian perspective in managing flood disaster risks. For the purpose of obtaining data, this study used a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected using in-depth interviews and non-participant observation methods. A total of ten experts, consisting of the flood management teams involved in managing the 2014 flood disaster in Hulu Dungun, Terengganu, Malaysia, were selected through a purposive random sampling method. The results showed that adaptive actions in managing flood disaster risks from a humanitarian point of view include the provision of social support, collective cooperation from the flood management teams, and adaptation efforts after the floods.

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Dynes, Russell R. « Cross-Cultural International Research : Sociology and Disaster ». International Journal of Mass Emergencies & ; Disasters 6, n^o 2 (août 1988) : 101–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072708800600202.

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Early cross-cultural studies of disaster responses are summarized to provide a context for recent collaborative efforts. Many of these have been initiated by researchers from the United States who have joined colleagues in numerous other countries to standardize measurement instruments and assess aspects of the public response. These efforts have highlighted definitional, theoretical, and methodological difficulties which are being addressed in current studies. Finally, current policy developments we described that may encourage future research that is cross-societal in focus and collaborative in implementation.

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Al-Kassimi, Khaled. « The Logic of Resilience as Neoliberal Governmentality Informing Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Harvey ». Potentia : Journal of International Affairs 10 (15 octobre 2019) : 8–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/potentia.v10i0.4509.

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Despite the ascendancy of the concept of resilience in political sociology, its criticism has also expanded. In both theory and practice, this paper seeks to unpack and critically explore how resilience as embedded neoliberal governmentality permeates U.S. research in issues relating to natural environmental disasters. By highlighting the neoliberal (resilient) politics of recovery situated in two environmental disasters – Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Harvey – this paper highlights that both pre-disaster and post-disaster recovery realities contrast starkly with the “high-minded” claims of resilience being a form of “emancipatory” resistance. Rather than being identified as natural disasters, both hurricanes are identified as voluntary failures revealing how resilience discourse was used to masquerade opportunity, subjugation, exploitation, and capital accumulation by privatepublic/state-nonstate actors. Both hurricane responses highlight that resilience embedded with a laissez-faire logic privileged types of solutions that directly hindered affected communities “bouncing back”. The third and final sections analyze an alternative conceptualization of resilience pioneered in Cuba which the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) encouraged risk-reduction experts to emulate as a way forward in responding to natural environmental disasters.

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Putra, Dendy Marta, et Nurlizawati Nurlizawati. « Interpretasi Nilai Kearifan Lokal Minangkabau dalam Lirik Lagu “Pasan Buruang” sebagai Upaya Penanaman Mitigasi Bencana dalam Pembelajaran Sosiologi ». Naradidik : Journal of Education and Pedagogy 1, n^o 2 (30 juin 2022) : 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/nara.v1i2.37.

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This paper describes sociology learning that is integrated with the value of local wisdom in facing the challenges of living in a disaster area. One of the disasters that often occur and have a major impact on people's lives is flooding and banjir bandang (galodo). One way to deal with natural disasters is to understand how to deal with disasters, therefore it is necessary to understand disaster mitigation. Disaster mitigation education is an effort to overcome and minimize the impact if a disaster occurs, so it is important for teachers to teach disaster mitigation education, which will later be beneficial for students in interacting with the environment. One of the appropriate materials to teach disaster mitigation education is local wisdom material. The form of local wisdom that exists in Minangkabau is a song, one of the songs that contains the value of local wisdom in dealing with disasters is "pasan buruang". Few students know this song, so the teacher needs to teach the value of local wisdom contained in this song. This research is a descriptive qualitative research, using interview, observation and documentation methods. The theory used in analyzing the results of this study is the theory of cognitivism proposed by Jean Piaget. The results of this study indicate that the method of group discussion and choir is a way for students to appreciate the meaning of the pasan buruang song and with this chorus method students feel interested in collaborating with other friends to find the meaning of this song. Teaching the local wisdom of the pasanburuang song with the chorus method increased the enthusiasm of the eleventh graders.

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Haines, Valerie A., Jeanne S. Hurlbert et Jeanne S. Hurlbert. « The Disaster Framing of the Stress Process : A Test of an Expanded Model ». International Journal of Mass Emergencies & ; Disasters 17, n^o 3 (novembre 1999) : 367–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072709901700305.

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Studies of the negative mental health consequences of natural disasters form an important interface between environmental sociology and medical sociology. Building upon recent developments in both fields, we develop an expanded model of the disaster framing of the stress process and test its main effects and buffer specifications with data on the preparation and short-term recovery phases of Hurricane Andrew. We found that instrumental forms of social support ameliorated psychological distress, but we found only weak support for the buffer model. Our results suggest that expanding the range of environmental changes that is included in conceptualizations of stress and exploring contextual effects at the personal network and local community levels would improve our understanding of the stress process inside and outside the disaster context. They also highlight the importance of paying close attention to the types and timing of support transactions following life-threatening events.

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Schorr, John K. « Some Contributions German Katastrophen-Soziologie Can Make to the Sociology of Disaster ». International Journal of Mass Emergencies & ; Disasters 5, n^o 2 (août 1987) : 115–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072708700500202.

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The purpose of this article is to discuss some of the contributions the new and relatively undeveloped Katastrophensoziologie has been able to make to the sociology of disaster. The paper begins by reviewing the German criticism of some of the major figures in the sociology of disaster. The second section of the paper presents some of the possible contributions to be found in recent work within Katastrophensoziologie. Finally, the conclusion of the paper points to the scientific value of an international dialogue between scholars with different perspectives on the problem of disaster in societies.

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Rustian, Sumartono, Hermawan et Hendro Wardhono. « Disharmonization of Logistic Management and Regulation of Natural Disaster in Indonesia : A Collaborative Governance Perspective ». Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 56, n^o 3 (30 juin 2021) : 347–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.3.29.

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This research is at the ontological level of implementing logistic disaster management that is very significant in reducing the risk of natural disaster in Indonesia. The problem is very interesting to examine by conducting descriptive qualitative research. Sharpening the research was using the theory of public policy, collaborative governance, and supply chain management for logistics improvement. Data were collected using in-depth interviews with several key informants, direct observation, and related documentation. Data were analyzed using interactive models in data reduction, data display, and data verification supported by triangulation employed to obtain validity and reliability. The results were based on ontology, epistemology, and sociology research by empowering the logistic and equipment distribution for natural disaster and disaster management in Indonesia. Vision and mission of public policies related to natural disasters are needed to complete the facilities of prevention, equipment management, and logistics supervision, provide information to stakeholders regarding regulations and sanctions in natural disaster management that were carried out deliberately, and balance the provision of disaster management. Therefore, it will produce revised and detailed relevant regulations and state agencies as public officials in making natural disaster and disaster management regulations in Indonesia. The researchers suggested that relevant state institutions as public officials in making regulations on natural disaster management in Indonesia should form regulations and institutions to cover the collaborative governance of natural disaster reduction.

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Uekusa, Shinya. « Disaster linguicism : Linguistic minorities in disasters ». Language in Society 48, n^o 3 (26 février 2019) : 353–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404519000150.

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AbstractLanguage is a means of communication but it functions as much more than this in social life. In emergencies and disasters, it can also be a matter of life and death. Language barriers and effective communication in disaster contexts (i.e. distributing critical disaster information and warnings) are the central concern in current disaster research, practice, and policy. However, based on the data drawn from qualitative interviews with linguistic minority immigrants and refugees in Canterbury, New Zealand and Miyagi, Japan, I argue that linguistic minorities confront unique disaster vulnerability partly due to linguicism—language-based discrimination at multiple levels. As linguicism is often compounded by racism, it is not properly addressed and analyzed, using the framework of language ideology and power. This article therefore introduces the concept of disaster linguicism, employing Pierre Bourdieu's concept of symbolic violence, to explore linguistic minorities’ complex disaster experiences in the 2010–2011 Canterbury and Tohoku disasters. (Disaster linguicism, language barriers, language ideologies)*

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Morris, Andrew. « The American Red Cross and Disaster Relief in the 1960s : Nonprofits and Mass Philanthropy in an Era of Rising Expectations ». Tocqueville Review 43, n^o 2 (1 décembre 2022) : 89–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.43.2.89.

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Hurricane Camille, a devastating Category Five hurricane which hit the Gulf Coast of the U.S. in August, 1969, prompted a reassessment of U.S. disaster relief policy. The American National Red Cross, which had played the dominant role in disaster relief for individuals in the U.S. since the turn of the century, saw its role in disaster relief challenged on a number of fronts. Facing failures in its response to Camille, financial challenges in meeting every-more-costly disasters in the post-World War Two era, and rising expectations of both adequacy and equity on the part of disaster victims, the non-governmental agency ultimately found its role diminished by both the expansion of federal disaster relief programs and by the increasing prominence of disaster programs performed by other voluntary agencies such as the Salvation Army and the Mennonite Disaster Service.

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Ruswandi, Dody, Sumartono, Syamsul Maarif et Andy Fefta Wijaya. « Conflict Analysis of Forest and Land Fires in Implementing Collaborative Governance on Disaster Management in Kalimantan Indonesia ». Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 56, n^o 2 (30 avril 2021) : 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.2.2.

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This research combines the ontological and sociological levels of implementing collaborative governance that is very significant in reducing the risk of natural disasters in Indonesia. The problem is very interesting to be examined by conducting descriptive qualitative research. The research is based on public policy theory, collaborative governance theory, and conflict theory. Data were collected using the in-depth interview with several key informants, direct observation, and related documentation. Data were analyzed using interactive models in three steps: data reduction, data display, and data verification supported by triangulation to obtain better credibility. The results were based on ontology, epistemology, and sociology by empowering the collaborative governance theory and conflict theory in Indonesia's forest and land fires disaster. Vision and mission of public policies related to forest and land fires disaster are needed to complete disaster prevention management by providing relevant information to stakeholders regarding regulations and sanctions. The results were produced a revised and detailed relevant regulation and state agencies as public officials in making revised regulations on forest and land fires disaster and natural disaster in Indonesia. The results of this research should be improved related to the forest and land disaster management policies. The researchers suggested that state institutions should cover the collaborative governance of natural disaster reduction in making better regulations on natural disaster management in Indonesia.

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Reinhardt, Gina Yannitell, et Carmela Lutmar. « Disaster diplomacy : The intricate links between disaster and conflict ». Journal of Peace Research 59, n^o 1 (janvier 2022) : 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00223433221074791.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has drawn worldwide attention to the difficulties inherent in managing disasters. Scholars across disciplines have been forced to consider the impact disasters have on interstate relations, state resilience, patterns of violence and hostility, and the vulnerabilities that condition conflict. This special issue offers new insights to help disentangle the relationship between disasters, conflict, and cooperation, by adhering to a three-pronged theoretical framework. First, all pieces in this issue are underpinned by a unified understanding of disasters as endogenous social phenomena. Second, we acknowledge that disasters occur as processes rather than discrete events. Finally, we explore the possibility that disasters and conflict are co-determined by a common set of factors. The articles herein were chosen not only because they advance academic thought about the disaster–conflict nexus, but also because of their potential to advance the practical impact of this line of research on the global conflict and disaster landscape. We highlight the relevance of this special issue for further work investigating the effects of conflict on disasters and the relationship between the hazards cycle process and patterns of violence and hostility, as well as the implications of adopting this suggested framework for policymaking and data collection.

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Kammerbauer, Mark. « ‘Schismo-urbanism’ : cities, natural disaster, and urban sociology ». Disasters 37, n^o 3 (18 avril 2013) : 401–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/disa.12005.

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Grothe-Hammer, Michael, et Olivier Berthod. « The programming of decisions for disaster and emergency response : A Luhmannian approach ». Current Sociology 65, n^o 5 (19 avril 2016) : 735–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392116640592.

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Organizations managing disasters face a paradox. They need to build stable, reliable structures that are flexible enough to allow adaptation to such unexpected events. Much planning for concrete disaster response operations involves scenarios. From a Luhmannian perspective, this approach is characteristic of a form of ‘if-then’ conditional programming. Extant research on emergencies and disaster management, however, has remained silent about other than scenario-based planning. This article draws on sociological decision theory to highlight alternative forms of planning for disasters. It presents the possibilities to build stable structures for disaster management by making use of conditional programmes that rely on space instead of scenarios, and by making use of what Luhmann calls ‘programme nesting’. It illustrates this argument with a case study of emergency management in a large German city at the origin of this new planning method.

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Schuller, Mark, Bette Gebrian et Judy Lewis. « “Yon Lòt Ayiti Posib” : Glimmers of Another Haiti Following the 2010 Earthquake and 2016 Hurricane Matthew ». Human Organization 78, n^o 4 (décembre 2019) : 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/0018-7259.78.4.267.

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Research, mainly within sociology, demonstrated that disasters can be stages for extraordinary human growth and solidarity. However, research documenting and specifically theorizing local communities as first responders has had limited impact within official disaster response policy and practice, and it is still relatively uncharted within anthropology. Policymakers and journalists alike tend to dismiss local initiatives. Ethnographic research is poised to evaluate the hypothesis of pro-social behavior following disasters and explore ramifications for policy and practice. This article aims to correct this erasure: documenting, analyzing, and theorizing the contributions of Haitian communities as first responders to two disasters, the 2010 earthquake and Hurricane Matthew, in 2016. Analyses from survivors offer glimpses of another Haiti imagined and temporarily brought into being following these events. An estimated 630,000 people left the capital following the earthquake for the provinces. This article focuses on the Grand'Anse, one of the most isolated provinces yet where a large number of people returned. The Grand'Anse was also one of the most affected by Hurricane Matthew. This article documents Haitian people's roles in saving their own and their neighbors' lives in an attempt to inspire disaster researchers to focus more attention on this critical if underacknowledged aspect of disaster response.

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Kelman, Ilan. « Tsunami Diplomacy : Will the 26 December, 2004 Tsunami Bring Peace to the Affected Countries ? » Sociological Research Online 10, n^o 1 (juin 2005) : 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.1063.

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Disaster diplomacy examines whether or not disasters induce international cooperation amongst enemy countries. The 26 December, 2004 tsunami around the Indian Ocean impacted more than a dozen countries, many with internal or external conflicts, thereby providing an opportunity to explore how the same event affects different countries in different disaster diplomacy contexts. Two groups of case studies are presented: those from which few disaster diplomacy outcomes are likely and those which warrant monitoring and investigation. Indonesian tsunami diplomacy is used as a case study for further discussion, in terms of both American-Indonesian relations and the conflict in Aceh. Further work is suggested in the tsunami's aftermath in order to understand better the disaster diplomacy outcomes which are feasible and why they rarely yield positive, lasting results.

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Rosenthal, Uriel. « Studies in Holland Flood Disaster 1953 : An Essay on the Proto-sociology of Disaster ». International Journal of Mass Emergencies & ; Disasters 6, n^o 3 (novembre 1988) : 233–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072708800600303.

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Ruswandi, Dody, Sumartono Sumartono, Syamsul Maarif et Andy Fefta Wijaya. « Strategic Analysis of Collaborative Governance for Disaster Management on Forest and Land Fires in Indonesia ». International Journal of Criminology and Sociology 10 (31 décembre 2021) : 1707–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.193.

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This research aims to understand the strategic analysis of collaborative governance on forest and land fire disasters at the ontological and sociological level that are very significant in reducing risk of natural disasters in Indonesia. The problem is very interesting to be analyzed by conducting a descriptive qualitative research based on theory of public policy, collaborative governance, and strategic management. The data were collected through in-depth interview, observation, and related documentation in forest and land fire cases in Indonesia. The data were analyzed by using interactive models, which are data reduction, data display, data verification, and supported by triangulation. The results were based on ontological and sociological level by using collaborative governance perspective and strategic analysis of internal, external, supporting, and inhibiting factors for reducing disaster risks and improving disaster management. Vision and mission of public policies on disaster management are needed for improving and providing information to stakeholders regarding regulations and sanctions in natural disaster management and produce a revised relevant regulation for state agencies as public officials in making regulations on disaster management in Indonesia.

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Murakami, Suminao, et Katsuki Takiguchi. « Message from Editors-in-Chief ». Journal of Disaster Research 1, n^o 1 (1 août 2006) : 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2006.p0003.

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Life is studded with unforeseen difficulties. These are the disasters. They tend to fiercely destroy things and systems man has created. This journal’s objective, both in traditional paper form and in electronic form, is to reduce the horrors of disaster through information. Disasters here include earthquakes, typhoons, volcanic eruptions, epidemics, fires, pollution, terrorism, etc. with the exception of war. The subjects to be taken up here cover any subject that conforms to the purpose of this journal and is journalistically substantial. These include, for example, scientific papers, commentary, educational articles, investigational reports, information updates and materials. Disaster is to be examined from a larger, more comprehensive, and panoramic viewpoint touching on all fields of science, engineering, agriculture, medicine, pharmacology, jurisprudence, sociology, economics, political science, etc. Measures to be taken against disaster vary from urgent and short-term to mid- and long-term. For these measures, in certain cases, there is not a moment to lose, while for others, centuries may be spent before a definite prospect is attained. This journal is not one for enumerating commonplace information. Editors are responsible for selecting the subjects calling public attention and for structuring vast research activities. Disaster can probably never be completely eliminated, but with ongoing effort, there may be ways to avert or ameliorate it. Your understanding and support would be most deeply appreciated.

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Kelman, Ilan, James Lewis, JC Gaillard et Jessica Mercer. « Participatory Action Research for Dealing with Disasters on Islands ». Island Studies Journal 6, n^o 1 (2011) : 59–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24043/isj.252.

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Much disaster research has a basis in non-island case studies, although monodisciplinary disaster-related research across past decades has often used case studies of individual islands. Both sets of work contribute to contemporary ‘participatory action research’ which investigates ways of dealing with disasters on islands. This paper asks what might be gained through combining disaster research, island studies, and participatory action research. What value does island studies bring to participatory action research for dealing with disasters? Through a critical (not comprehensive) overview of participatory action research for dealing with disasters on islands, three main lessons emerge. First, the island context matters to a certain degree for disaster-related research and action. Second, islandness has much more to offer disaster-related research than is currently appreciated. Third, more studies are needed linking theory to evidence found on the ground on islanders’ terms. Limitations of the analyses here and future research directions are provided.

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Wang, Jieh-Jiuh. « Post-disaster cross-nation mutual aid in natural hazards : case analysis from sociology of disaster and disaster politics perspectives ». Natural Hazards 66, n^o 2 (15 novembre 2012) : 413–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-012-0493-x.

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Lee, Bomi K., Sara McLaughlin Mitchell, Cody J. Schmidt et Yufan Yang. « Disasters and the dynamics of interstate rivalry ». Journal of Peace Research 59, n^o 1 (janvier 2022) : 12–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00223433211063333.

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This article examines how disasters influence conflict dynamics in interstate rivalries. Building on insights from the disaster, rivalry, and diversionary conflict literatures, the authors argue that disasters act as political shocks that disrupt a rivalry relationship. Hostility levels in rivalries are stable over time and shift only through major shocks. While the rivalry literature suggests that some shocks may lead to peace, the authors argue that disaster shocks are more likely to be associated with increased conflict. Disasters often strain the state’s capacity to provide security for its people, while leaders who fail to prepare or respond can face domestic costs. To avoid potential removal from office, leaders have incentives to divert the public’s attention away from poor disaster response by adopting a more aggressive foreign policy. The authors hypothesize that the time between militarized disputes is shortened when pairs of states experience rapid onset disasters. However, the conditions for diversionary conflict depend on the degree of intrastate turmoil and the number of interstate rivalries, with disaster diversionary conflict happening most frequently in rivalry dyads with significant internal strife and multiple rivalries. Duration model analyses from 1900 to 2010 provide strong support for the theory and highlight the limits of disaster diplomacy in rivalry contexts. Given the increased frequency and severity of disasters globally, the findings suggest that environmental shocks are likely to increase interstate hostilities in conflict-prone regions.

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Husted, Thomas, et David Nickerson. « Private Support for Public Disaster Aid ». Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, n^o 6 (1 juin 2021) : 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14060247.

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Despite its growing economic and political importance, this is the first study in economics to investigate public opinion in the United States regarding both the allocation of government disaster aid to stricken households and communities as well as total expenditures by government on such aid. This is also the first study to bridge a gap in previous research on disasters by comparing and contrasting our results to related behavioral studies from political science, social psychology and sociology. Combining individual data from the 2006 General Social Survey with county-level information about the local environment of survey respondents, we estimate probit models to ascertain the magnitude and significance of the socioeconomic, demographic, political and experiential determinants of public opinion on these issues. Among other results, we find that Black survey respondents strongly support increasing total aid expenditures and aid to affected households and communities while income, age and a conservative political ideology largely exert a negative influence on these same variables. Surprisingly, the effects of prior experience with disasters and educational level have only a weak effect on the allocation of aid and none on the level of expenditures on aid. These and other results are consistent with only a portion of previous findings from other disciplines. Several implications of our results for current federal disaster policy are discussed and we also suggest directions for further research into this important topic.

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Hagman, Gunnar. « Henry Dunant Institute : From disaster relief to development ». International Review of the Red Cross 28, n^o 264 (juin 1988) : 275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400073915.

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The links between disasters and development have been extensively discussed in recent years among international organizations. It was primarily the African famine during the first half of the 1980s that initiated this discussion. Famine was no longer perceived as the inevitable consequence of drought. Instead, many saw the African disaster as the symptom of serious development failures. Had there been better foresight in earlier development, stronger efforts to reduce vulnerability in the populations, and a better preparedness to meet the crisis, it was observed, the devastating effects of the drought could have been prevented. Eventually, a similar perception began to embrace most disasters affecting developing countries. It led to the conclusion that disaster prevention, and the reduction of human vulnerability in particular, must be among the primary goals of development.

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Domingue, Simone J., et Christopher T. Emrich. « Social Vulnerability and Procedural Equity : Exploring the Distribution of Disaster Aid Across Counties in the United States ». American Review of Public Administration 49, n^o 8 (18 juin 2019) : 897–913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0275074019856122.

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To date, there has been limited research conducted on disaster aid allocation across multiple regions and disasters within the United States. In addition, there is a paucity of research specifically connecting social indicators of vulnerability to public assistance grants aimed at restoring, rebuilding, and mitigating against future damages in disasters. Given these gaps, this article inquires as to whether the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA’s) public assistance program is characterized by procedural inequities, or disparate outcomes for counties with more socially vulnerable populations. Specifically, this article analyzes county-level FEMA’s Public Assistance distribution following major disaster declarations, while controlling for damages sustained, population, household counts, and FEMA Region. Results indicate that FEMA’s Public Assistance program operates well when accounting only for disaster losses across the years, however, findings also show that county social conditions influence funding receipt. Although socioeconomic characteristics were significant drivers of assistance spending, additional vulnerability indicators related to county demographic and built environment characteristics were also important drivers of receipt. Cases of both procedural inequity and equity are highlighted, and implications for equitable disaster recovery are discussed along with recommendations.

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Quarantelli, E. L. « Disaster Studies : An Analysis of the Social Historical Factors Affecting the Development of Research in the Area ». International Journal of Mass Emergencies & ; Disasters 5, n^o 3 (novembre 1987) : 285–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072708700500306.

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Almost nothing has been written about the social historical emergence and development of social and behavioral research on disasters. This paper provides a description and a sociology of scientific knowledge analysis of the factors affecting the initiation of studies in the area in the United States. First, we note how disaster research on group and behavioral aspects of disasters had their roots, almost exclusively, in rather narrowly focused applied questions or practical concerns. Second, we point out how this led to certain kinds of selective emphases in terms of what and how the research was undertaken in the pioneering days, but with substantive consequences which we still see operative today.

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Dombrowsky, Wolf R. « Again and Again : Is a Disaster What We Call “Disaster” ? Some Conceptual Notes on Conceptualizing the Object of Disaster Sociology ». International Journal of Mass Emergencies & ; Disasters 13, n^o 3 (novembre 1995) : 241–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072709501300303.

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Following Carr who defined disaster as the collapse of cultural protections, this paper develops a sociological approach 10 processes commonly called a “disaster. “ Epistemologically, the definitions used in science and practice are classified and redefined as “programmatic declarations. “ Definers declare what they perceive as a problem and how they intend to solve it. Given the fact that neither “problem and perception” nor “solution and exigency” necessarily match, the probability of mismatches increases when inconsistent conceptions prestructure the view one has of reality. Still, the transformation of nature into culture is interpreted within “premodern” expression and false causal attractions: “Des Astro.” “evil star,” “bad luck” and “blind faith.” In contrast, this paper suggests a conception that defines disaster as an empirical falsification of human action, as a proof of the correctness of human insight into both nature and culture.

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Connell, Raewyn. « COVID-19/Sociology ». Journal of Sociology 56, n^o 4 (29 juillet 2020) : 745–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1440783320943262.

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Though the COVID-19 epidemic is a social disaster as much as a medical one, and though some sociological ideas circulate in public discussions, disciplinary sociology has had little influence. Internal discussions have mostly been conventional, and familiar sociological theory and methodology seem inadequate to this situation. Taking the viewpoint of the virus helps to shift perspective on a historical moment where a deadly threat is enabled by megacities, mass air travel, callous and corrupt regimes, and the undermining of public services. In this conjuncture sociology, with other social sciences, is under threat. But we can contribute to responses that mobilize community resources to deal with a social/biological crisis, and prepare for the others that will certainly come.

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Nemeth, Stephen, et Brian Lai. « When do natural disasters lead to negotiations in a civil war ? » Journal of Peace Research 59, n^o 1 (janvier 2022) : 28–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00223433211061952.

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The effect of natural disasters on the end of civil wars has received little attention from scholars. We argue that the effect of disasters on conflict negotiation is dependent on which combatant is victimized by disaster. Drawing on a bargaining model, we argue that disasters create costs that alter the capabilities of the rebels and government. In order for these changes to lead to negotiations, the effects of a disaster have to lead to the mutual expectation that military victory is unlikely in the short term. When both sides are hit by a natural disaster, this mutual expectation is likely to form because both sides face significant costs to engaging in conflict in the short term. When one side is impacted, the non-affected side is likely to see an opportunity to gain against its rival while the side facing the devastation of a natural disaster may see only a temporary setback that it can recover from. This may lead both sides to not update their beliefs about the costs of war, or their chances of victory. We evaluate these hypotheses by examining all territorial civil wars from 1980 to 2005 using a more precise measure of disaster location. We find that when both sides are hit by a disaster, the likelihood of negotiation consistently increases. When only one side is impacted, the effect on negotiations is not consistent across model specifications.

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Bartolini, Giulio. « A universal treaty for disasters ? Remarks on the International Law Commission's Draft Articles on the Protection of Persons in the Event of Disasters ». International Review of the Red Cross 99, n^o 906 (décembre 2017) : 1103–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383119000067.

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AbstractThis article analyzes the Draft Articles on the Protection of Persons in the Event of Disasters adopted by the International Law Commission in 2016 in light of the recommendation made by the Commission to elaborate a convention on the basis of this project. While the latter proposal is still under evaluation by the United Nations General Assembly, which has recently decided to postpone its decision until 2020, such a potential outcome would represent a significant novelty in the area of disaster law, currently characterized by a fragmented legal framework and the lack of a universal flagship treaty. The Draft Articles thus aim to provide a systematization of the main legal issues relevant in the so-called disaster cycle, with solutions that accommodate the different interests of actors involved in a disaster scenario – namely, the affected State, external assisting actors and disaster victims – using a complex “checks and balances” approach.

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Jenkins, Matthew D. « NATURAL DISASTERS AND POLITICAL PARTICIPATION : THE CASE OF JAPAN AND THE 2011 TRIPLE DISASTER ». Journal of East Asian Studies 19, n^o 3 (11 septembre 2019) : 361–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jea.2019.26.

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AbstractWhat effect do natural disasters have on political participation? Some argue that natural disasters decrease political participation because of the way they reduce individual and group resources. Others argue that they stimulate political participation by creating new social norms. Previous studies have been limited both by their focus on a specific disaster type and a lack of regional variation. This article advances the literature by assessing the effect of the 2011 triple disaster in Japan on political participation at both the individual and district level. Drawing on multiple sources of data, I use a difference-in-differences identification strategy to show that the 2011 triple disaster in Japan resulted in a 6 percent increase in participation in political groups in regions heavily affected by the disaster, and a 2.5 percent increase in voter turnout in districts in prefectures that were significantly affected by the disaster. The results also show that the effect at the individual level is largely confined to individuals with large social networks, suggesting that the effect of natural disasters on political participation is a combination of their direct and indirect impact on variables that operate through different subpopulations. Directions for future studies are suggested.

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Sapat, Alka, Ann-Margaret Esnard et Aleksey Kolpakov. « Understanding Collaboration in Disaster Assistance Networks : Organizational Homophily or Resource Dependency ? » American Review of Public Administration 49, n^o 8 (10 juillet 2019) : 957–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0275074019861347.

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Greater collaboration among nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) after disasters is important in helping them deliver services, share information, and avoid resource duplication. Following a disaster, numerous NGOs, including a large number of faith-based NGOs, typically offer disaster assistance. But to what extent do these NGOs providing disaster assistance collaborate with each other? Does organizational homophily prevail? Or is the need to acquire resources an incentive for collaboration? Are collaborations characterized by relationships of dependency? To answer these questions, we analyze collaboration between international NGOs, local NGOs, faith-based organizations, and other organizations providing disaster assistance in Haiti in the 3-year period following the 2010 earthquake. Data on these organizations and their networks were analyzed using social network analysis methods. The major findings are that most organizations collaborate within sectoral boundaries and that homophily is one of the main drivers of collaboration, illuminating power relationships in disaster assistance networks.

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Curato, Nicole, et Septrin John Calamba. « Surviving Disasters by Suppressing Political Storms : Participation as Knowledge Transfer in Community-Based Disaster Governance ». Critical Sociology 46, n^o 2 (1 octobre 2018) : 241–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0896920518796167.

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The small island of San Francisco, Cebu in the Philippines has gained global recognition for its community-based disaster management program. By institutionalizing the purok system—a sub-village level of organization—citizens are empowered to plan and implement disaster preparedness programs that fit their specific needs and geographical context.We interrogate the logics that underpin this prize-winning governance innovation. We find that San Francisco—the island where all survive even after the most devastating of disasters—functions through the modality of participation as knowledge transfer. It is underpinned the ethos of solidarity over conflict and takes place in a predetermined rather than citizen-driven space for participatory politics. We situate our arguments in the recent literature on public participation to understand the precise character of participatory politics in the field of disaster response.

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Lindell, Michael K. « Disaster studies ». Current Sociology 61, n^o 5-6 (30 mai 2013) : 797–825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392113484456.

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Chovanec, Jan. « Early Titanic Jokes : A disaster for the theory of disaster jokes ? » HUMOR 32, n^o 2 (27 mai 2019) : 201–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humor-2018-0090.

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Abstract This paper contributes to our understanding of the inception of disaster humor by refuting the position of ‘technological determinism’ that is central for the theory of disaster jokes. This view, developed by Christie Davies, ties the emergence of this form of humor to the visual presentation of disaster events on television. The paper reports on the discovery of several contemporary instances of pre-television disaster humor on the topic of the sinking of the Titanic from 1912, thereby explicitly challenging the premise that prior to televised coverage, there were no disaster jokes. While the data come from a culture that was cognitively very distant from the disaster (and, thus, more likely to give rise to instantaneous disaster humor creation), the paper suggests that a modification to the original theory is possible, arguing that disaster humor can be interpreted as a reaction to the more general process of mediatization, whether televisual or exclusively verbal, which constructs a shared body of knowledge that people can draw upon as a resource when constructing humor. That is particularly the case with iconic disasters, such as the sinking of the Titanic, which can be seen symbolically as an epic fail of modernity rather than a mere tragic disaster.

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Rapeli, Merja. « Social capital in social work disaster preparedness plans : The case of Finland ». International Social Work 61, n^o 6 (16 mars 2017) : 1054–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872817695643.

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The aim of this study was to find out what can be learned from Finnish social work preparedness to develop future interventions and use of social capital in disasters. The data consisted of municipalities’ social sector’s disaster preparedness plan documents. Quantitative content analysis was used as the research method. The analysis was based on the concept of social capital and its forms of bonding, bridging, and linking. The results show that micro-level social work and bonding social capital were emphasized. Bridging and linking social work to disaster-related structures should be developed and social capital enhanced pre and post disasters.

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HUNTER, JANET. « Earthquakes in Japan ». Modern Asian Studies 50, n^o 1 (20 novembre 2015) : 415–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x15000219.

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AbstractThis review article examines three monographs that make conspicuous contributions to our understanding of major earthquake disasters in Japan from the mid-nineteenth century through to 2011. They focus on different events and different time periods, and ask different questions, but raise a host of shared issues relating to the on-going importance of disaster in Japan's history over the long term. They cause us to consider how seismic disaster is explained, understood, interpreted, and actualized in people's lives, how the risks are factored in, and how people respond to both immediate crisis and longer term consequences. One recurrent issue in these volumes is the extent to which these large natural disasters have the capacity to change—and actually do change—the ways in which societies organize themselves. In some cases disaster may be perceived as opportunity, but the evidence overwhelmingly suggests that a desire to return to the previous ‘normality’ is a powerful impulse in people's responses to major natural disasters. The review also argues that the issue of trust lies at the core of both individual and collective responses. A lack of trust may be most conspicuous in attitudes to government and elites, but is also inherent in more everyday personal interactions and market transactions in the immediate aftermath of disaster.

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Every, Danielle, Clemence Due, Kirrilly Thompson et Jillian Ryan. « Conflicting Perspectives on Nonhuman Animal Rescues in Natural Disasters ». Society & ; Animals 24, n^o 4 (18 août 2016) : 358–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-12341417.

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Nonhuman animal guardians are more at risk during natural disasters because they are likely to delay or refuse evacuation and return to evacuated disaster sites to rescue animals. Research on the human-animal bond (hab) views animal guardians’ actions as a reflection of a strong attachment. However, in addition to guardians, disaster planners, rescue personnel, and other community members influence which animals are saved and how. As Irvine (2009) noted, the way people and institutions think about different animals precedes which animals are included in disaster efforts, and when and how these animals are included. This paper considers how media articles on animal rescues use moral evaluations of animals to justify or challenge people’s actions in saving or not saving animals. We found that the multiple moral evaluations of animals and animal rescue were a source of misunderstanding and conflict during and after a disaster.

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McBrayer, Markie Rae, Bert Baumgaertner et Florian Justwan. « The Effects of COVID-19 on External Political Efficacy ». American Politics Research 50, n^o 1 (20 novembre 2021) : 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532673x211041322.

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Significant scholarship examines the effects of disasters and disaster management on political behavior and attitudes. Yet, no research has assessed how health crises might shape people’s levels of external efficacy, nor how disaster response affects external efficacy beyond localized extreme-weather events. Using the United States as a case study, we seek to fill these gaps in the literature by exploring how individuals’ external political efficacy is affected by assessments of the federal COVID response. With an original collection of survey data from April 2020, we find that respondents who view the government’s handling of COVID more positively report higher levels of external efficacy. In a secondary analysis, we performed an experiment in February 2021 where people were given different narratives about government management of the pandemic response. The experimental results strongly suggest that disaster management—in this case the handling of the pandemic—shapes individuals’ efficacy.

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Meurant, Jacques. « Disaster Medicine ». International Review of the Red Cross 31, n^o 284 (octobre 1991) : 560–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400070297.

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Chung, Eunbin, et Inbok Rhee. « Disasters and intergroup peace in sub-Saharan Africa ». Journal of Peace Research 59, n^o 1 (janvier 2022) : 58–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00223433211065249.

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How do disasters affect intergroup peace and conflict? Existing research shows that disasters can have opposing effects on how we perceive others: they can exacerbate existing tension in some cases or serve as catalysts for peace and cooperation in others. Yet we know little about the conditions under which we should expect one or the other. In this study, we estimate the impact of disasters on perceptions of out-groups. We combine a dataset of mass disasters with tens of thousands of individual-level survey responses recorded in Round 6 of the Afrobarometer data between 2014 and 2015. Using a difference-in-differences approach exploiting spatial and temporal proximity to disaster occurrences, we estimate the degree to which disasters affect public opinion toward out-groups. As disaster occurrence is plausibly exogenous to interview dates or respondent locations, our approach allows for an improved test of how the shock from disaster can impact public perceptions. Moreover, we show such impact varies by considering the differences in political salience of out-group identities and short- versus long-term differences in the impact on group dynamics. The implications of our findings for understanding the aftermath of past disasters and effects of future disasters on intergroup peace and conflict are discussed.

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Lee, Dae Woong. « Local government’s disaster management capacity and disaster resilience ». Local Government Studies 45, n^o 6 (9 août 2019) : 803–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03003930.2019.1653284.

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Harding, Scott. « Man-made disaster and development ». International Social Work 50, n^o 3 (mai 2007) : 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872807076041.

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English The idea of disaster is usually associated with human suffering from natural events. However, human-made disasters caused by deliberate actions represent an equally important dimension of disaster. This paper analyzes Iraq as a human-created disaster, and suggests that social work play a role in responding to policies that produce disaster. French On associe habituellement la notion de 'catastrophe' aux souffrances de l'homme dé coulant d'é vé nements naturels. Toutefois, les catastrophes d'origine humaine causé es par des actions intentionnelles repré sentent une dimension tout aussi importante de ce phé nomè ne. Cette é tude envisage le cas de l'Iraq sous l'angle d'une catastrophe causé e par l'homme. Elle suggè re aussi que le travail social y joue un rôle en appuyant des politiques qui causent la catastrophe. Spanish La idea de desastre estáusualmente asociada con el sufrimiento humano en eventos naturales. Sin embargo, los desastres causados por humanos a travé s de acciones deliberadas representan una dimensió n igualmente importante del desastre. Este artículo analiza a Iraq, en tanto que desastre creado por humanos, y sugiere que el trabajo social desempeñe un papel en respuesta a las políticas que producen desastres.

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