Thèses : « Disaster sociology »

1

Russell, Stephen Thomas. « Role Enactment and Disaster Response : A Methodological Exploration ». W&M ScholarWorks, 1989. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625553.

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2

Dash, Nicole. « Inequality in disaster : the case of hurricane Andrew and Florida City ». FIU Digital Commons, 1994. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2738.

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This thesis is a case study of Florida City, a small community in South Dade County, Florida in the aftermath of Hurricane Andrew. This is a community whose pre-impact conditions may have had as much to do with the impact of the storm as did the winds of Hurricane Andrew themselves. As will be evidenced by a comparison case study with Homestead, Florida City not only disproportionately felt the effects of the storm itself, but also received less aid. This study examines Florida City in terms of both impact of the storm and the community's future in the wake of the hurricane. Besieged by poverty and poor housing conditions, it was a community awaiting tragedy.

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3

Yoder-Bontrager, Daryl. « Nongovernmental organizations in disaster and coordination| A complex adaptive systems view ». Thesis, University of Delaware, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1585187.

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Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) play a major role in disasters around the world. As they carry out disaster work NGOs are often grouped together as the "NGO sector," although their varied size, scope, focus and country of origin make generalizations difficult. Coordinating NGO disaster work has been an ongoing challenge for governments and for NGOs themselves for reasons ranging from the wishes of NGO funders to uncertainty about what coordination means to competition for funds.

This thesis uses a complex adaptive system (CAS) framework to understand how NGOs may coordinate their own work. A complex adaptive system is made up of a set of independent agents that interact with each other to form a whole entity without the benefit of an explicit central control mechanism.

The qualitative study carried out semi-structured interviews with 16 NGOs active in disaster in Honduras to explore to what extent their interactions conformed to six characteristics of complex adaptive systems - 1) schemata; 2) self-organization; 3) communication and information; 4) rules; 5) learning and adaptation; and 6) aggregate outcomes, and relations with government.

Results of the interviews showed that many NGOs have multiple links among themselves with active communication channels that depend heavily on personal relationships. Interviews showed that collaboration among NGOs has increased over the past decade, although the degree of cooperation among them was inconsistent. Interviewees found it difficult to name an aggregate system-wide outcome. Government relations were found to be mixed - many NGOs had both positive and negative things to say about their relationships with government.

The NGOs were found to have both characteristics of a CAS and factors that did not fit a CAS description. NGOs must continually invest energy to maintain a system because entropic forces away from increased organization remain strong.

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4

Horne, Anita F. « Job satisfaction in high risk disaster city group homes ». Thesis, University of Phoenix, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3577288.

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High staff turnover in private group homes decreases organizational stability. There are a large number of developmentally disabled individuals in group homes of the high risk disaster city of New Orleans, indicating the need for stability from high staff turnover indicated by job satisfaction. The problem investigated in this study was the recognized difficulty in maintaining job satisfaction in order to retain staff in group homes of the high risk disaster city of New Orleans. The purpose of this study was to examine what factors contribute to job satisfaction. The variables examined were hours worked per week, years of service, salary, and employee benefits. A quantitative research study was employed to determine what factors significantly contributed to job satisfaction using a multiple regression methodology. The population in this study included direct service workers compiled of caregivers, nurses, and managers within three organizations facilitating group homes in the New Orleans area. From this population of employees the sample size resulted in 163 direct service workers. Questionnaires were used to collect data using Spector’s (1985) Job Satisfaction Survey as the instrument. A multiple regression design was used to analyze the factors influencing job satisfaction. Findings in the study determined that employee benefits significantly contributed to job satisfaction wherein hours worked per week, years of service, and salaries were not significant predictors of job satisfaction. Statistically significant results for benefits received resulted in t = 2.99 and p = .003. The results of the study provided insight into high risk disaster area group homes wherein managing staff turnover is specifically difficult.

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5

Yamamoto, Yasumasa. « Interorganizational coordination in crises : a study of disaster in Japan / ». The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487260135356169.

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6

Alba, Manuel Rafael. « Natural disaster and household recovery in the aftermath of hurricane Andrew : a case study of four Hispanic households in South Miami Heights ». FIU Digital Commons, 1995. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1187.

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This thesis explores the aid received by four Hispanic households towards recovery after Hurricane Andrew. The four households resided in South Miami Heights, a suburb of Miami. Through the use of questionnaires, information was gathered on various storm related topics. Because the Cuban community in Miami is influential, the role of the Cuban enclave is studied in relation to the recovery of these households. The influence of an urban environment on the extended family ties of these households is also addressed since the literature argues that these ties are powerful among Hispanics. Results show, that aid primarily came from two sources. Furthermore, the Cuban enclave appears to have had no discernible role in the recovery of these households. Finally, an urban setting did not appear to diminish extended family ties.

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7

Haynes, Brandon D. « A Gateway for Everyone to Believe : Identity, Disaster, and Football in New Orleans ». ScholarWorks@UNO, 2013. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1712.

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The purpose of this research is to analyze the dynamic processes of collective identity by examining the relationship between New Orleans and its professional football team, the Saints, after Hurricane Katrina. Much of the discourse written on American professional sports focuses on economic transactions between player and franchise or franchise and city. This study explores sports from a cultural perspective to understand the perceived social values provided to the host community. This case study spans the years from 2006 to 2013 and discusses several major events, including the Hurricane Katrina disaster, the reopening of the Superdome, the Saints winning a league championship and subsequent cheating scandal, and the city’s hosting of Super Bowl XLVII. Using a mixed-method approach of content analysis, in-person interviews, and participant observation, this research demonstrates how post-Hurricane Katrina events altered the collective identity in New Orleans. Additionally, it explores how the interaction of sports, identity, and ritual served to create a civic religion in New Orleans. Finally, the research examines the impact of this religious devotion on New Orleans’ tourist economy.

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8

Carley, Willie K. « Emergency managers' perspectives of recruiting, training, and integrating volunteers for a disaster ». Thesis, Capella University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3666841.

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Disasters are increasing in intensity and frequency throughout the world, causing public safety organizations to become more involved in disaster management. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to examine county emergency managers' perspectives of recruiting, training, and integrating volunteers for a disaster. Research has shown when disaster volunteers are not properly recruited, trained, and integrated into disaster planning they can negatively impact efforts to save lives and protect property. This qualitative case study is likely the first study to examine county emergency managers' perspectives of recruiting, training, and integrating volunteers for a disaster to save lives and protect property. This study used POSDCORB as the theoretical framework and the concepts of disaster management and volunteer management to answer the principal research question, "How do county emergency managers recruit, train, and integrate volunteers for a disaster?" This study also used one-on-one, face-to-face, semi-structured interviews to gather data about county emergency managers' perspectives on how they recruit, train, and integrate volunteers for a disaster. During the course of the study there were eight emergent themes: (a) planning for volunteers, (b) organizing volunteers, (c) staffing volunteers, (d) directing, (e) legal issues, (f) coordinating and integrating volunteers, (g) directing volunteers, and (h) training volunteers.

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9

Neal, David Miller. « A comparative analysis of emergent group behavior in disaster : a look at the United States and Sweden / ». The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487263399026004.

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10

Boyle, Kirk. « The Catastrophic Real : Late Capitalism and Other Naturalized Disasters ». University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1250625590.

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11

Pacholok, Shelley. « Masculinities in crisis a case study of the Mountain Park Fire / ». Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1180038246.

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12

Dawisha, Nadia Kathryn. « Framing Disaster : Hurricane Katrina and the National Media ». Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1248401886.

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13

二コール, コマファイ, et Nicolle Comafay. « The sociology of people with special needs in times of disaster(PSND) : assessing the special needs of PSND using person-in-environment model of vulnerability ». Thesis, https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB12416080/?lang=0, 2011. https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB12416080/?lang=0.

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14

Elliott, Julie R. « The Role of Faith-Based Congregations during Disaster Response and Recovery : A Case Study of Katy, Texas ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1752353/.

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When governments are unable or unwilling to provide necessary relief to communities, local faith-based congregations (FBCs) step in and fill the gap. Though shown to provide for so many needs following disaster, FBCs have largely been left out of the institutional emergency management cycle. The aim of this study was to explore the role of FBCs in the disaster response and recovery process and investigate how recovery impacts FBCs. The primary objective of this study is to gain a better understanding of FBCs and how to better integrate them into the formal emergency management process.The main questions were as follows: First, what is the role of FBCs during the disaster recovery process? Second, how do FBCs change (temporarily and permanently) during disaster recovery, and what factors may promote or inhibit change? To answer these questions, qualitative semistructured interviews were held to develop a case study of Katy, Texas and its recovery from Hurricane Harvey of 2017. The applied and conceptual implications resulting from this study, which apply to FBCs, researchers, emergency managers, and policy makers, highlight the opportunity to better incorporate FBCs formally into emergency management practices.

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15

Flott, Phyllis (Phyllis L. ). « An Analysis of the Determinants of Recovery of Businesses After a Natural Disaster Using a Multi-Paradigm Approach ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc935766/.

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This study examines the recovery process of businesses in Homestead, Florida after Hurricane Andrew in 1992. The goal of this study was to determine which organizational characteristics were useful in predicting the level of physical damage and the length of time to reopen for affected businesses. The organizational characteristics examined were age, size, pre-disaster gross sales, ownership of the business location, membership in the Chamber of Commerce, and property insurance. Three-hundred and fifty businesses in the area were surveyed. Because of the complexity of the recovery process, the disaster experiences of businesses were examined using three paradigms, organizational ecology, contingency theory, and configuration theory. Models were developed and tested for each paradigm. The models used the contextual variables to explain the outcome variables; level of physical damage and length of time to reopen. The SIC was modified so that it could form the framework for a taxonomic examination of the businesses. The organizations were examined at the level of division, class, subclass, and order. While the taxa and consistent levels of physical damage, the length of time needed to reopen varied greatly. The homogeneous level of damage within the groups is linked to similarity in assets and transformation processes. When examined using the contingency perspective, there were no significant relationships between the level of physical damage and the contextual variables. Only predisaster gross sales and level of physical damage had moderate strength associations with the length of time to reopen. The configuration perspective was applied by identifying clusters of organizations using the contextual variables. Clusters were identified and examined to determine if they had significantly different disaster experiences. The clusters varied significantly only by the length of time to reopen. The disaster experience of businesses is conceptualized as a process of accumulation-deaccumulation-reaccumulation. The level of physical damage is driven by selection while the lenght of time to reopen is determined by both adaptation and selection.

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16

Kondo, Chiharu. « Early childhood development (ECD) programs as protective environments for children in emergencies| A case of daycare centers in Iwate, Japan during the 2011 earthquake and tsunami disaster ». Thesis, University of Pittsburgh, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3690748.

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The 2011 East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami suddenly took the homes, family members, friends, and familiar neighborhoods away from the children of Iwate. In the midst of this difficult situation, early childhood development (ECD) programs provided protective environments for the young children to access continuous care and development opportunities. This case study examines how these daycare centers in Iwate prepared for, responded to, and coped with the severe natural disaster, providing physical, cognitive, and psychosocial protections to these children.

The study re-affirmed that daycare centers in Iwate had integrated the national standards for disaster risk reduction (DRR). On the day of the disaster, personnel safely evacuated the children while practicing monthly drills. Despite the challenges, the daycare programs quickly re-established normalcy in children’s lives, ensuring continuous access to care. Not only did daycare personnel act in loco parentis for these children, but also re-installed daycare programs during the recovery.

The study revealed that local governments also faced serious challenges in their leadership and coordination roles. Their response capacities had been severely affected by the disaster. Governments’ appropriate and timely guidance was most beneficial for the daycare providers. Among other recommendations, I assert that in the future, local governments could take more active roles in coordinating the massive influx of humanitarian organizations.

This interpretivist research was based on my one-year fieldwork in Iwate immediately after the disaster, and employed a series of survey instruments (questionnaires and interviews). This case study contributes to the field of education and ECD in emergencies through the use of qualitative, ethnographic research. It also recognizes significant and complimentary contribution of qualitative inquiry methods, including on-site fieldwork, ethnographic analyses, and follow-up interviews, for better understanding of crisis situations.

While pre-school programs are not compulsory in Japan, the study calls attention to the valuable protection that they provide for both young children and their childhoods in emergencies. A recovery strategy that focuses on protective environments for children has great potential as a harmonizing approach, rather than as a parallel one, in the complex nature of humanitarian assistance.

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17

Muir, Jonathan A. « Societal Shocks as Social Determinants of Health ». The Ohio State University, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1615597384677722.

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18

Alshammari, Abdullah Fahad. « Sources of Household Resilience during the 2018/2019 Saudi Floods ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1703367/.

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This research studied the relationship between social capital and household resilience. In particular, how bonding and bridging relationships affect household resilience was the question selected to illustrate this relationship between social capital and household resilience. Moreover, how the vulnerability of household impacts household resilience was also empirically examined. Social capital theory and vulnerability paradigm studies were used to discover explanations for why and how social connectedness and social vulnerabilities impact household resilience. Survey questionnaires were used to collect data in the main two cities in Saudi Arabia, Riyadh and Jeddah. A cross-sectional design was used to collect data. Statistical descriptions and inferences were conducted. In fact, multiple linear regression, T-test, and one way ANOVA were the three principal technics used to make statistical inferences. This study empirically found evidence there are relationships between bonding relationships and household resilience, and also relationships between the economic level of the household and household resilience. However, no evidence was found for relationships between bridging relationships and household resilience, or between other vulnerability factors and household resilience. Other vulnerability factors included gender, minority group, and language.

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19

Mosby, Kim. « Returning to post-Katrina New Orleans : Exploring the processes, barriers, and decision-making of African Americans ». ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1506.

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This qualitative case study explores the post-Katrina experiences of African Americans in Houston and in New Orleans. When the levees failed, residents from New Orleans were scattered across the country. Houston housed the largest population of displaced low-income African Americans from New Orleans. As the rebuilding process began, housing, employment, education, and healthcare policies in New Orleans changed. These institutional changes employed urban revitalization and poverty removal strategies adapted to disaster recovery. This study differs from previous research by examining these changes with an intersectional approach. It explores how African Americans frame obstacles as they attempt to return to a city with reformed housing, employment, education, and healthcare policies. To do this, I analyze three different cases 1) those that returned to New Orleans, 2) those still displaced in Houston, and 3) those that relocated to Houston after returning to New Orleans for over a year.

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20

Vargas, Maria Auxiliadora Ramos. « Da chuva atípica à falta de todo mundo : a luta pela classificação de um desastre no município de Teresópolis / RJ ». Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/6684.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:38:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5398.pdf: 35686005 bytes, checksum: b4c0636a93b35b98ca96bda9a7da8f51 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-22
Disaster is a current and complex subject. The most common way in which this subject has been interpreted and widely advertised presents it with underlying objective and unique aspects in the social imaginary. This approach is supported primarily on discursive strategies and practices produced by a specific rationality than can be found in some institutions (and their representatives) who has the power to present a definition and promote intervention in the phenomenon that is disaster authorities . However there are evidences pointing out that disaster is not consolidated into a single representation. Instead it represents a force field made by multiple agents and interpretations, developed through different positions and rationalities, expressing tensions, disputes and classification struggle. Identify and discuss this particular field through sociological analysis noticing those institutionally situated actors and those who compose social groups that are directly affected is the main purpose of this work a qualitative research with the following methodological procedures: a literature review in Sociology and related areas, documentary collection and analysis, in-depth interviews. This thesis highlights the disaster in the city of Teresópolis/RJ as an important example of classification struggle and gets us close to vulnerability and abandonment processes concerning some specific social groups. It reveals power relations where there is an attempt at imposing monophonically scientific and technical knowledge to the detriment of popular culture which comes from life courses, in place experiences and past relation with threatening factors in an effort to attest diversity failure. However, multiple expressions of resilience among people affected by disaster are evidence of both the attempt to prevent them from speaking and the acknowledgement of a struggle in order to make their voices heard so that they become real participants in this political game and guarantee their condition as subjects of rights.
Desastre é um tema atual e complexo. A forma predominante como vem sendo interpretado e publicizado o projeta envolto por uma aparente objetividade e unicidade no imaginário social. Esta forma se encontra respaldada fundamentalmente nas estratégias discursivas e práticas geradas por uma racionalidade específica que está nas instituições (e seus representantes) a quem é delegado o poder de denominar e intervir sobre o fenômeno ou seja, as autoridades em desastres . Porém, há indícios de que o desastre não é feito de uma única representação, mas constitui um campo de forças formado por múltiplos agentes e interpretações, originados de posições e racionalidades diversas, expressando tensões, disputas e a luta pela sua classificação. Identificar e problematizar esse campo, à luz da análise sociológica observando aqueles agentes institucionalmente situados e os que constituem os grupos sociais diretamente afetados -, é o objetivo que norteia este trabalho - uma investigação de base qualitativa que se utilizou dos seguintes procedimentos metodológicos como referência: revisão bibliográfica atinente à Sociologia e áreas afins, levantamento e análise documentais e entrevistas em profundidade. A presente tese traz o desastre em desenvolvimento no município de Teresópolis/RJ como um exemplo relevante da luta pela sua classificação e nos aproxima de processos de vulnerabilização e abandono envolvendo grupos sociais específicos. Revela jogos de poder , onde há a tentativa de imposição monofônica do conhecimento científico e técnico em detrimento dos saberes populares, advindos das trajetórias de vida, experiências no lugar e da relação pretérita com fatores de ameaça num esforço de ver a diversidade sucumbir. No entanto, as múltiplas expressões de resistência dos afetados nos desastres denunciam, não só a tentativa de silenciar a sua vocalização, como também a existência de uma luta para que sejam centralmente ouvidos e se tornem partícipes nesse jogo político, sendo resguardados na sua condição de sujeitos de direitos.

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21

Ott, Kenneth Brad. « The Closure of New Orleans' Charity Hospital After Hurricane Katrina : A Case of Disaster Capitalism ». ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1472.

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Abstract Amidst the worst disaster to impact a major U.S. city in one hundred years, New Orleans’ main trauma and safety net medical center, the Reverend Avery C. Alexander Charity Hospital, was permanently closed. Charity’s administrative operator, Louisiana State University (LSU), ordered an end to its attempted reopening by its workers and U.S. military personnel in the weeks following the August 29, 2005 storm. Drawing upon rigorous review of literature and an exhaustive analysis of primary and secondary data, this case study found that Charity Hospital was closed as a result of disaster capitalism. LSU, backed by Louisiana state officials, took advantage of the mass internal displacement of New Orleans’ populace in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in an attempt to abandon Charity Hospital’s iconic but neglected facility and to supplant its original safety net mission serving the poor and uninsured for its neoliberal transformation to favor LSU’s academic medical enterprise.

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22

Telus, Herrica. « Ethnic Identities among Second-Generation Haitian Young Adults in Tampa Bay, Florida : An Analysis of the Reported Influence of Ethnic Organizational Involvement on Disaster Response after the Earthquake of 2010 ». Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3378.

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Drawing upon 20 in-depth interviews with second generation Haitian young adults, I examined the ethnic identities and the involvement in ethnic organizations of the respondents. This study pays particular attention to how involvement in ethnic organizations influenced how the second generation Haitians believed the earthquake affected their identities and how they ultimately responded to the earthquake. Several of the findings revealed differences in how and why the respondents chose to ethnically identify such as Haitian, Haitian-American, black Haitian. The respondents' choice to join an ethnic organization was driven by different desires but the perceived influence of the organization on their ethnic identities resulted in an increase in cultural knowledge as well as an ability to stay rooted in the culture. However, the lack of participation on the part of some of the respondents was a choice dictated by conflicts of authenticity, time, and responsibilities. The comparison between involved and non-involved respondents in terms of their response to the earthquake revealed that involved respondents were more active in volunteer projects. Involvement in ethnic organizations influenced how the second generation Haitians perceived the earthquake affected their identities, and ethnic affirmation in terms of a desire to visit Haiti was expressed by involved respondents. The implications of this study revealed the importance of establishing ethnic organizations in middle and high schools in order to foster a sense of pride through knowledge at an earlier age.

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23

Myers, Kristen Anne. « A Dialectical Analysis of Role Enactment during the Emergency Period of Natural Disasters ». W&M ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625644.

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Koc, Ersan. « Commitment Building For Earthquake Risk Management : Reconciling ». Phd thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612619/index.pdf.

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To a large extent, natural phenomenon like earthquakes, floods, lanslides and etc may seem &ldquo
natural events&rdquo
which are out of human control. In fact, the sociopolitical structure is the main cause of earth tremors which turn into disasters. What is notable and striking is that, because of institutional and social vulnerabilities and little or misguided efforts for disaster loss mitigation, natural events may turn into disasters resulting negative and devastating consequences. Institutional vulnerabilities connote a lack of local administrations&rsquo
capacity for disaster mitigation planning, furthermore awareness for accreting local stakeholders for disaster loss reduction. Social vulnerabilities, refers to miss-knowledge and lack of awareness for disasters in the society. In Turkey, it is hard to say that there has never been efforts for disaster loss reduction, whereas
the main focus of the state agencies has been on post-disaster emergency relief, literally wound healing for decades. Generally speaking, localities which experience a disaster may encounter significant losses in development, hence a significant decrease in local capacities which takes enormous resources to restore. The housing stock and urban fabric, which inherit an historical background weaved by missguided disaster policy that only focus on post-disaster emergency relief phase, pictures the extent of the problem in Turkey. In addition, both &ldquo
institutional errors which lead to underachievement in disaster policy and practice&rdquo
and &ldquo
opportunities for building robust and resilient forms of institutions&rdquo
come into local agenda. Errors, which might have been altered by long term and comprehensive modes of local planning for disasters, may lead to underachievement by local agents. To achieve such a model, we are in need to carry out qualitative and quantitative data collecting and analyzing techniques in different phases. The two analysis techniques are in-depth interviews (IDI) and drawing Concept Maps that will be conducted in the analyses process with local respondents selected by snowball technique.

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MUSMECI, MARIANNA. « Crescere nel disastro. Giovani, vita quotidiana e rappresentazioni del futuro dopo il terremoto dell'Aquila ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/304741.

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I disastri sono eventi che producono una cesura nella storia individuale e collettiva configurandosi come “laboratori naturali” per lo studio delle discontinuità socio-temporali. Nella sociologia dei disastri, i/le giovani sono un campo di indagine ancora per lo più inesplorato e, quando considerato, non si tiene conto a sufficienza dei mutamenti che hanno investito questa fase della vita e reso le traiettorie biografiche giovanili sempre più incerte, frammentate e discontinue. Da un punto di vista teorico, perciò, il lavoro si è posto l’obiettivo di far dialogare due filoni di ricerca tradizionalmente separati, i Disaster Studies e gli Youth Studies, individuando un possibile punto di incontro nel concetto di generazione inteso à la Mannheim. Prendendo in considerazione giovani che al momento del disastro avevano un’età compresa tra i 19 e i 25 anni, la ricerca si è posta l’obiettivo di comprendere come l’esperienza del disastro si ripercuota sui processi di costruzione identitaria in quanto elemento unificante e catalizzante. In altre parole, si è ipotizzato che il disastro e l'ampia gamma di questioni ad esso collegate (a livello personale e socio-relazionale) possano essere rielaborate criticamente dai/dalle giovani facendo emergere così nuovi modi di costruzione biografica e nuove forme di attivismo e partecipazione quotidiana. Più nello specifico, il lavoro di ricerca si è focalizzato sull’analisi di due questioni principali. Da un lato, comprendere se e come i modi di rielaborare l’esperienza del disastro si riverberino sul tempo biografico, e quindi sul rapporto tra passato, presente e futuro alla base dei processi di costruzione identitaria. Dall’altro, guardare a come è cambiata la sfera del quotidiano a partire dai mutamenti intervenuti nello spazio urbano con l’obiettivo di gettare luce sui modi di far fronte al “vuoto” generato dal disastro e al rischio di presentificazione dell’esperienza. A questo fine ci si è avvalsi di tecniche di indagine qualitativa, le più adeguate a rispondere agli interrogati della ricerca. In particolare, sono state raccolte 37 interviste biografiche a giovani al momento dell’intervista di età compresa tra i 26 e i 32 anni (19 interviste a giovani che vivono all’Aquila e 18 interviste a giovani trasferitisi nel frattempo in altre città). L’analisi evidenzia come, nella maggior parte dei casi, l’esperienza del disastro sia stata rielaborata anche come occasione per ridefinire il tempo biografico, facendo in parallelo emergere, nel quotidiano, nuovi modi di far fronte all’incertezza e inedite spinte all’azione. Parole chiave: giovani; disastri; identità; futuro; vita quotidiana
Disasters appear “natural laboratories” for the analysis of social and temporal discontinuities. However, within disaster research in social science, young people appear to be overlooked. When researched, the changes that shaped youth biographical trajectories into a phase of life characterised by uncertainty, fragmentation, and discontinuity, are not taken into consideration. On a theoretical level, the aim is to link two social research fields that are usually distant, such are Disaster Studies and Youth Studies, by drawing on the concept of generation as described by Mannheim. By focusing the research on young people whose age ranged from 19 to 25 years old when the earthquake occurred, this research aims to comprehend how their experience of the disaster played a role in the shaping of identity, as if this could both unify and catalyse this process. To this respect, the hypothesis suggests that disasters, together with the social and subjective issues that they entail, might be crucial in shaping the biographical paths of young people. The critical elaboration of these events might also foster new forms of activism and social participation. Specifically, this academic endeavour focused on two main aspects. On the one hand, it aims to comprehend to what extent the experience of the disaster influences biographical time, namely the interlink of past, present, and future, that stands at the foundation of the process of identity construction. On the other hand, the research starts from the urban space alterations in order to analyse the changes occurred within the everyday life dimension, as a way to shed light on the strategies through which young people deal with the “void” produced by the disaster. Related to that is the risk of “presentification” of youth experiences. From these premises, the recourse to qualitative methods appeared the most suitable to answer the research questions set by this empirical work. In particular, 37 biographical interviews were conducted with young people whose age at the time ranged from 26 to 32 years old. From this group, 19 interviews involved young people living in L’Aquila and 18 interviews involved young people that later moved to other cities. The analysis shows that in most cases the experience of the disaster was elaborated as a chance to redefine biographical time and shape new patterns of dealing with uncertainty, along with an unprecedented call to action KEY WORDS: youth; disaster; identity; future; everyday life

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Southard, Nicole. « The Socio-Political and Economic Causes of Natural Disasters ». Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1720.

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To effectively prevent and mitigate the outbreak of natural disasters is a more pressing issue in the twenty-first century than ever before. The frequency and cost of natural disasters is rising globally, most especially in developing countries where the most severe effects of climate change are felt. However, while climate change is indeed a strong force impacting the severity of contemporary catastrophes, it is not directly responsible for the exorbitant cost of the damage and suffering incurred from natural disasters -- both financially and in terms of human life. Rather, the true root causes of natural disasters lie within the power systems at play in any given society when these regions come into contact with a hazard event. Historic processes of isolation, oppression, and exploitation, combined with contemporary international power systems, interact in complex ways to affect different socioeconomic classes distinctly. The result is to create vulnerability and scarcity among the most defenseless communities. These processes affect a society’s ideological orientation and their cultural norms, empowering some while isolating others. When the resulting dynamic socio-political pressures and root causes come into contact with a natural hazard, a disaster is likely to follow due to the high vulnerability of certain groups and their inability to adapt as conditions change. In this light, the following discussion exposes the anthropogenic roots of natural disasters by conducting a detailed case analysis of natural disasters in Haiti, Ethiopia, and Nepal.

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Natale, Valentina <1990&gt. « The Love Canal disaster and the struggle of Lois Marie Gibbs ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/10538.

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With the present dissertation I propose to investigate the events linked to one of the most notorious environmental health disasters of the late XX century. The landing on the American environmental movement sadly cannot start from here: at the Love Canal neighborhood. Niagara Falls is a city of natural beauty, which took its name from the almost two hundred-foot-long waterfalls on the Niagara River. The history of Love Canal extends to a geological age phenomenon: when the Niagara River, a strait of water connecting Lake Erie to Lake Ontario was first formed. Few historians trace Love Canal environmental and toxic present back to colonial times. The plunging river’s potential for generating power was well noticed by the region’s early settlers and explorers and attracted chemical companies too. In 1905, Elon Hooker established his mill the Hooker Electrochemical Company. along the river’s shoreline, The Love Canal nightmare begins in the late 19th century. In 1892, William Love, planned connecting the Upper and Lower Niagara River by digging a canal to harness cheap water providing its Model Industrial City with hydroelectric power. In 1910, economic depression ended those plans. The long-held dream remained unfulfilled and Model City survived but only as a small hamlet The result was a mile-long ditch about eighty feet wide and fifteen feet deep: Love Canal. In 1920, the ditch was sold at a public auction and became a chemical disposal site until 1953. From 1942 to 1952, it was used by the above-mentioned Hooker Electrochemical Company as a dump site. The Company buried about 21,800 tons of over 200 chemical compounds in the canal including 12 carcinogens, benzene, pesticides and dioxin. In 1953, the Company covered the entire surface with earth and sold it to the Board of Education for $1. The deed of sale contained a stipulation which released Hooker from any future legal obligation. In 1950s, private residential development began adjacent to the canal. Around 100 homes and a school were built for the working-class community. Between the 1960s and 1970s, complaints about troublesome odors, black sludge and chemical residues in basements sump pumps strongly increased. At the beginning, homeowners preferred not to complain because of fear of losing property values or their jobs. It was not until 1970s that environmental social movements, made Americans aware that only organizing could they lead to political changes. The present study deals with the Love Canal struggle of a 26-year-old gratified housewife, named Lois Marie Gibbs, whose battle will be widely described. Although there were several actors involved in the Love Canal saga, it was Lois Gibbs who echoed the most. Her involvement in the environmental and political causes at Love Canal began in June 1978. When she read Michael Brown’s newspaper articles in the Niagara Gazette. Those articles were about the presence of toxic chemicals underneath the 99th Street School where her son attended kindergarten. She connected those chemicals to her son’s health issues. From June 1978 until May 1980, with no prior experience in community activism, the LCHA president, Gibbs, led an entire neighborhood in a battle against the local and federal governments, thus saving her community. About 550 members pledged their supports joining the LCHA. With scientists’ help they conducted health surveys and were able to collect scientifically acceptable data to permit analysis. Since 1978 the community had several evacuations and in 1980 President Carter signed a bill to evacuate the entire community permanently.

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Viana, Aline Silveira. « Idoso, família e desastres : uma discussão na interface da sociologia e gerontologia a partir da análise do caso de Teresópolis/RJ ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-09062015-154459/.

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No Brasil, ainda são escassas pesquisas, políticas públicas e ações institucionais voltadas à população idosa em contexto de desastres. Os desastres relacionados às chuvas afetam cerca de 30% dos municípios brasileiros anualmente. Especificamente na região Sudeste, o Estado do Rio de Janeiro (RJ), recorrentemente é afetado por desastres, estando Teresópolis/RJ em segundo lugar entre os municípios com maior número de vítimas fatais, no período de 1991 a 2012. Devido ao contexto estrutural de desigualdade social que se desdobra em territorialidades também desiguais, alguns grupos sociais tornam-se mais suscetíveis do que outros quando expostos a fatores de ameaça associados a uma infra-estrutura precária, como o formado por idosos. Com o intuito de compreender o desastre sob a ótica da pessoa idosa em Teresópolis/RJ, este estudo se propôs a descrever e analisar, numa perspectiva de interface da sociologia e da gerontologia, dimensões objetivas e simbólicas de afetação das pessoas idosas e seus familiares, em contexto de desastre, bem como as estratégias de enfrentamento adotadas. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório e analítico, de natureza descritiva, com a utilização do método qualitativo de investigação. Foram utilizadas três técnicas integradas, a de pesquisa bibliográfica, análise documental e a de relatos orais, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Entrevistas com 19 idosos, seis familiares e cinco membros da comunidade são apresentadas. A partir das incursões realizadas, os resultados analisados nos discursos dos idosos, dos familiares, do meio oficial e da mídia são subdivididos nas dimensões (material, simbólica ou interpessoal) expressas. Os resultados evidenciam o desencontro de perspectivas e objetivos entre os atores oficiais, os midiáticos, os idosos afetados e seus familiares. Em relação à Teresópolis/RJ, este se constitui um campo emblemático, onde a afetação dos idosos e familiares caracteriza-se como contínua, complexa e multidimensional, marcada pelo descomprometimento do ente público para com os direitos da pessoa idosa. A presente pesquisa busca, portanto, estabelecer novos diálogos para o atendimento, de forma humanizada e multidimensional, das demandas emergentes da população em processo de envelhecimento no contexto de desastres.
In Brazil, still there is lack of research, public policy and institutional actions for the elderly population in disaster context. Disasters related to rains affect about 30% of Brazilian cities annually. Specifically in the Southeast, the State of Rio de Janeiro (RJ), is affected by recurrent disasters, being Teresópolis/RJ in second place among the cities with the highest number of fatal victims, from 1991 to 2012. Due to the structural context of social inequality that unfolds in territorialities also unequal, some social groups become more susceptible than others when exposed to threat factors associated with a poor infrastructure, as formed by the elderly. In order to understand the disaster from the perspective of the elderly in Teresópolis/RJ, this study aimed to describe and analyze, in a interface perspective of sociology and gerontology, objective and symbolic dimensions of affectation and coping strategies adopted by older people and their families in disaster context. This is an exploratory and analytical study of descriptive nature, using the qualitative research method. Three integrated techniques were used, the literature review, document analysis and oral reports, through semi-structured interviews. Interviews were conducted with 19 elderly people, six family members and five community members. Based on the incursions conducted in the field, the results analyzed were divided according to the dimensions (material, symbolic or interpersonal) expressed in the discourse of the elderly people and their families, the official actors and the media. The results show the mismatch of perspectives and goals between official actors, media, affected elderly people and their families. Teresópolis/RJ constitutes an emblematic field, where the affectation of elderly people and the family members is characterized as continuous, complex and multidimensional, marked with the disengagement of the public entity for the rights of the elderly people. The present research aims, therefore, to establish new dialogues for the care, in humanized and multidimensional way, of the emerging demands of aging process in the disaster context.

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LUCINI, BARBARA. « La resilienza al disastro da una prospettiva sociologica : esplorando tre terremoti italiani ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1252.

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La presente ricerca focalizza l’attenzione ad un approccio sociologico alla resilienza ai disastri. Nello specifico si vuole esplorare le relazioni sociali, che si sviluppano in un contesto di disastro naturale fra la popolazione colpita e i volontari di protezione civile. Gli ambiti di ricerca sono costituti dagli ultimi tre drammatici terremoti italiani: Umbria – Marche (1997), Molise (2002) e Abruzzo (2009). Nella prima parte della tesi si presentano le definizioni dei concetti fondamentali della sociologia dei disastri, un’analisi della letteratura presente per la tematica della resilienza nell’ambito delle scienze umane e sociali e l’organizzazione del sistema di protezione civile e difesa civile in Italia. In riferimento alla parte empirica, sono state raccolte importanti ed interessanti informazioni circa il possibile legame sociale fra volontari di protezione civile e popolazione colpita dai terremoti attraverso differenti metodologie di ricerca come le interviste semi strutturate agli esperti di protezione civile, un questionario on line per tutti i volontari di protezione civile ed i racconti di vita per la popolazione colpita dal terremoto. La ricerca conduce a interessanti risultati per la resilienza ai disastri in ambito sociologico e a suoi possibili sviluppi futuri.
The present research focalizes the attention on a sociological approach to disaster resilience. Specifically it would explore the social relationships established in a context of natural disaster and between population affected by natural disaster and civil protection volunteers. The research fieldworks are represented by last three dramatic Italian earthquakes: Umbria – Marche (1997), Molise (2002) e Abruzzo (2009). In the first part of the thesis will be presented the definitions of the fundamental concepts for the sociology of disasters, a literature review about the topic of disaster resilient presents within human and social science context and the organization of civil protection system and civil defence in Italy. Referring to the empirical part, there were collected important and interesting information about the possible social tie between civil protection volunteers and population affected by earthquakes through different methodologies of research as semi structured interviews to the civil protection experts, an on line questionnaire for all civil protection volunteers and life stories for population affected by earthquake. The research guides for interesting findings for disaster resilience within a sociological context and for its future possible developments.

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LUCINI, BARBARA. « La resilienza al disastro da una prospettiva sociologica : esplorando tre terremoti italiani ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1252.

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La presente ricerca focalizza l’attenzione ad un approccio sociologico alla resilienza ai disastri. Nello specifico si vuole esplorare le relazioni sociali, che si sviluppano in un contesto di disastro naturale fra la popolazione colpita e i volontari di protezione civile. Gli ambiti di ricerca sono costituti dagli ultimi tre drammatici terremoti italiani: Umbria – Marche (1997), Molise (2002) e Abruzzo (2009). Nella prima parte della tesi si presentano le definizioni dei concetti fondamentali della sociologia dei disastri, un’analisi della letteratura presente per la tematica della resilienza nell’ambito delle scienze umane e sociali e l’organizzazione del sistema di protezione civile e difesa civile in Italia. In riferimento alla parte empirica, sono state raccolte importanti ed interessanti informazioni circa il possibile legame sociale fra volontari di protezione civile e popolazione colpita dai terremoti attraverso differenti metodologie di ricerca come le interviste semi strutturate agli esperti di protezione civile, un questionario on line per tutti i volontari di protezione civile ed i racconti di vita per la popolazione colpita dal terremoto. La ricerca conduce a interessanti risultati per la resilienza ai disastri in ambito sociologico e a suoi possibili sviluppi futuri.
The present research focalizes the attention on a sociological approach to disaster resilience. Specifically it would explore the social relationships established in a context of natural disaster and between population affected by natural disaster and civil protection volunteers. The research fieldworks are represented by last three dramatic Italian earthquakes: Umbria – Marche (1997), Molise (2002) e Abruzzo (2009). In the first part of the thesis will be presented the definitions of the fundamental concepts for the sociology of disasters, a literature review about the topic of disaster resilient presents within human and social science context and the organization of civil protection system and civil defence in Italy. Referring to the empirical part, there were collected important and interesting information about the possible social tie between civil protection volunteers and population affected by earthquakes through different methodologies of research as semi structured interviews to the civil protection experts, an on line questionnaire for all civil protection volunteers and life stories for population affected by earthquake. The research guides for interesting findings for disaster resilience within a sociological context and for its future possible developments.

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Brubaker, Rebecca A. « From the un-mixing to the re-mixing of peoples : understanding the quest to 'reverse ethnic cleansing' in Bosnia ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:dc72fdbd-1ee0-4396-8139-f6e296aa9d4c.

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This dissertation focuses on international actors' response to the ethnic cleansing perpetrated during the 1992 – 1995 Bosnian War. The work illuminates the multilateral attempt to reverse one of the outcomes of ethnic cleansing following the war, through the return of displaced people. The policy emphasis on "re-mixing" people, interpreted through a strategy of minority returns, and supported and coordinated on an international scale, was unprecedented. This dissertation asks: why did powerful states and international organizations pursue a re-mixing policy as a response to ethnic cleansing in Bosnia? At first glance, the choice seems counterintuitive. The policy was expensive. Post-1989, the West no longer needed "to keep Yugoslavia afloat." Furthermore, reversal required a degree and duration of international involvement that, at the time, was thought to be politically, militarily, and financially impossible. There are two existing explanations for this surprising phenomenon: international moralism and norm evolutionism. International moralists posit that international actors were moved to re-mix Bosnians out of a sense of guilt. Norm evolutionists argue that international norms governing appropriate responses to ethnic cleansing have shifted during the twentieth century towards support for re-mixing. In contrast to these two dominant views, this dissertation argues that the re-mixing policy initially emerged as a practical fix to a series of pressing, context-specific political challenges. State policymakers justified the re-mixing policy, however, on normative grounds. Though not the original incentive for action, international organizations on the ground then adopted the policy, empowered by states' normative justifications and thereby transformed the political rhetoric into concrete action. This dissertation corrects a common assumption that the origins and motivations behind the re-mixing policy were normative in nature, it contributes to a better understanding of how normative discourses emerge, mature, and transform into policy and it offers policy recommendations based on lessons learnt from this important and seemingly contradictory case.

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Blawn, Janet L. « Preparing individuals with mental illnesses for disasters| A grant proposal ». Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527678.

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Natural disasters and catastrophic events have devastated hundreds of thousands of individuals worldwide. While governmental and disaster relief agencies attempt to respond as quickly as possible, individuals can be cut off from resources and services for extended periods, increasing stress and health complications. Individuals with mental illnesses are even more vulnerable in the aftermath of a disaster when they are cut off from vital medications and therapeutic services. Disaster preparedness promotes resilience and empowers individuals to take personal responsibility for their safety. The purpose of this project was to identify potential funding sources and write a grant proposal that funds the development and implementation of disaster preparedness classes for individuals living in the community with mental illnesses. Actual submission and/or funding of this grant was not a requirement for the successful completion of this project.

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Boudreau, Danielle L. « Fifty Years of Weathering the Storm : Are the Louisiana Gulf Coastal Parishes Prepared for Another Major Hurricane ? » ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1902.

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This study examines ten major storms that have affected Louisiana in the last fifty years, beginning with Hurricane Betsy in 1965. The goal is to determine if the nine coastal parishes are prepared adequately for another major hurricane impact. It examines storms that have affected the state physically, in terms of property and ecological damages. It also considers storms that provided non-physical influences, by way of mitigation policy changes and social, economical, ecological, and political policy alterations. The main focus is on the transformations, if any, of social vulnerability in light of emergency preparedness in the areas impacted, particularly along the Louisiana coast. I argue that, while the State has come a long way, Louisiana is not currently prepared adequately to handle another major storm by 2015. Furthermore, I offer recommendations for improvement in preparedness measures for the future.

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MANTINEO, MARILIN. « La sociologia di fronte ai disastri. Il sisma del centro Italia e il ruolo della ricerca pubblica ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1062280.

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The research constitutes a summary framework of a study conducted from 2016 to 2020 within the Emidio di Treviri collective, a multidisciplinary and heterogeneous group of researchers engaged in the analysis of the social, political and economic consequences of seismic events that hit central Italy. The main questions that guided the research were: - What are the logics that guide the development of inland areas, in the context of the post-earthquake? - What kind of planning and what dynamics of enhancement of the rural world are emerging? - What is the role of public sociology and militant research in the face of this scenario? The work is structured in five chapters that analyze the earthquake starting from the micro-social dimension to gradually widen the survey focus to the analysis of the transformations of the rural world, then focusing on the capitalist enhancement processes connected to the shock economy.

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Arms, Anda R. « Indicators of success : measuring outcomes of evacuating pets in state and local emergency preparedness operational plans in area of economic and public health value ». Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/6394.

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Master of Regional and Community Planning
Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Richard L. Hoag
Abstract On October 6, 2006 President Bush signed the Pets Evacuation and Transportation Standards Act (PETS Act, Pub. Law No. 109-308). The Act ensures that state and local emergency preparedness operational plans address the needs of individuals with household pets and service animals following a major disaster or emergency (The Library of Congress, 109:H.R. 3858, 2006). This thesis identifies nineteen indicators to be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the PETS program in the areas of economics and public health. This report gives specific examples of how each indicator can be used to measure, assess, guide, and monitor the outcomes of evacuating pets in state or local emergency preparedness operational plans.

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Ní, Ghráinne Bríd Áine. « Challenges in the relationship between the protection of internally displaced persons and international refugee law ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5535d05d-aa56-477c-8553-33316d297e0d.

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Internally Displaced Persons ('IDPs') outnumber refugees by two to one and often have the same fears, needs and wants as refugees recognised as such under international law. However, refugee status entails international protection, while IDPs are left to the protection of their own state, which may, but by no means necessarily, be the very entity that has forced them to flee in the first place. In recent years, there have been significant developments in the realm of IDP protection. This includes the conclusion of two regional treaties on the protection of IDPs, the development of relevant soft law instruments, and the reformed 'Cluster Approach' of humanitarian response. Although the increased focus on IDP protection is a welcome development, the UNHCR has expressed the fear that 'activities for the internally displaced may be (mis)interpreted as obviating the need for international protection and asylum.' This thesis represents the first legal analysis of the relationship between the protection of IDPs and International Refugee Law. It will discuss five key challenges in this respect. First, the challenge of drawing the attention of the international community to the plight of IDPs; second, the challenge of developing an appropriate framework for the protection of IDPs; third, the challenge of ensuring that internal protection is not interpreted as a substitute for asylum; fourth; the challenge of determining the relationship between complementary protection and internal displacement; and fifth, the challenge of ensuring that IDP protection in an inter-agency context does not trigger the application of Article 1D of the Refugee Convention, rendering the Convention inapplicable to the recipients of that protection. This thesis will conclude by setting out the future challenges in the relationship between IDP protection and International Refugee Law, by identifying questions left open for further research, and by illustrating the overall impact and importance of this thesis' findings.

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Albrecht, Frederike. « The Social and Political Impact of Natural Disasters : Investigating Attitudes and Media Coverage in the Wake of Disasters ». Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-320680.

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Natural disasters are social and political phenomena. Social structures create vulnerability to natural hazards and governments are often seen as responsible for the effects of disasters. Do social trust, political trust, and government satisfaction therefore generally change following natural disasters? How can media coverage explain change in political attitudes? Prior research suggests that these variables are prone to change, but previous studies often focus on single cases, whereas this dissertation adopts a broader approach, examining multiple disasters. It investigates the social and political impact of natural disasters by examining their effect on social and political attitudes and by exploring media coverage as a mechanism underlying political consequences. The results reveal that natural disasters may have a comparatively frequent, although small and temporary, effect on social trust. Substantial effects are less likely. Social trust was found to decrease significantly when disasters cause nine or more fatalities (Paper I). Political attitudes were expected to be prone to change after natural disasters, but Paper II illustrates that political trust and government satisfaction among citizens are generally hardly affected by these events. Finally, media framing and the political claims of actors explained the variation in political consequences after disasters of similar severity. Paper III also illustrates the importance of the political context of natural disasters, as their occurrence can be strategically exploited by actors to further criticism towards the government in politically tense situations. This dissertation contributes to existing disaster research by investigating more cases than disaster studies typically do. It also uses a systematic case selection process, and a quantitative approach with a, for disaster research, unique research design. Hence, it offers methodological nuance to existing studies. A broader analysis, factoring in the variation of disaster severity and the increased number of cases offers new answers and tests assumptions about underlying patterns. The main contribution of this thesis is that it examines how common political and social effects of disasters are. Furthermore, this dissertation contributes to existing disasters research by emphasizing contextual and explanatory factors, e.g., properties of disasters and the political context that affects the media coverage of natural disasters.

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Milella, Elisabetta. « The social impact of a flood on workers at a Pretoria hotel / E. Milella ». Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/10312.

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In South Africa, January 2011 was characterised by above average rainfall which resulted in many provinces being flooded. On the 17th of January 2011, the government of South Africa declared the City of Tshwane a National Disaster Area. It is in the city of Tshwane where a hotel was flooded causing great damage and disruption to the lives of the hotel workers. Given the lack of existing research focusing on the social dimensions of natural disasters, this provided an opportunity to study the social impact of the flood on the community of hotel workers at a Pretoria hotel. Four sub-aims were set for the study, which involved an exploration of the strengths that were exhibited, discovered or developed as a result of the flood; investigating the subjective experiences in relation to the flood; exploring the interactional patterns and relationships of the hotel workers; as well as investigating how the leadership of the hotel impacted on the manner in which the hotel workers dealt with the flood. A qualitative methodology, guided by a social constructivist epistemology was adopted as basis for the study. Data was gathered by means of individual semi-structured interviews, semi-structured questionnaires, and a focus group interview with a number of employees at the hotel. The data was subjected to qualitative content and grounded theoretical analysis. Five main themes emerged from the analysis, which include: Emotional responses, which included negative emotions such as shock, fear, frustration and anger, as well as positive emotions such as happiness and appreciation; a variety of interactional patterns and relationships; increased cohesiveness; enhanced leadership, and the development of group resilience.
MA, Medical Sociology, North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2012

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Marchezini, Victor. « Janeiro de 2010, São Luiz do Paraitinga/SP : lógicas de poder, discursos e práticas em torno de um desastre ». Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/6685.

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Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Disasters are socio-environmental phenomena, resulting from the interaction between a natural phenomenon in this case heavy rainfall and a given social organization, and culminating in a tragic event with both material and immaterial losses. In the social sciences, disasters are not considered to be natural, but rather a product of social, historical and territorially circumscribed processes (VALENCIO, 2009). They reveal the spatial superposition of social and environmental problems, whose state of crisis causes the emergence of a biopolitics of disaster, in order to guide a way to govern in the face of the event and, thus, deal with the populace as a political, scientific and biological problem and a problem of power (FOUCAULT, 1999). Thus, a set of techniques, power mechanisms and security devices are employed with the aim of trying to manage the problems that arise in the crisis setting. Classificatory security techniques are produced, imbued with knowledgepower discourse, in order to create an administrable reality, thus aiming to frame the complexity of the social problems revealed in the scene as something propitious for technical management, emphasizing the aspects of this reality which could be solvable. Exceptional security and governance techniques to manage calamities are created, called Situation of Emergency (S. E.) and State of Public Calamity (S. P. C.), coups that permit the creation of fissures in the legal order, causing the forces of the State to grow (FOUCAULT, 2008b). In Brazil, studies by Valencio (2012) showed that there were 10,195 declarations of S. E. or S. P. C. in the period from 2003-2009 (average of 1,456.42 declarations per year), which reveals that this form of governance became the rule and not the exception. I defend the thesis that these declarations of Situation of Emergency and State of Public Calamity are part of a biopolitics of disaster, used as techniques to increase the power of the State that, in the first moment of the emergency, saves lives, but that, after the impact, leaves to die, because the social demands of reconstruction and recovery are disconnected. The logic of power, the discourses and habits of the subjects involved in the postimpact process, that is, recovery and reconstruction in the face of disasters related with heavy rains in Brazil, are described. The disaster in São Luiz do Paraitinga, SP, a city that was flooded in January 2010, is used as a case study. A review of the state-of-the-art, documentary research and qualitative field research are adopted as methodological procedures. The temporal selection includes the period between January 2010 and June 2013, with the understanding that the process of social recovery is long term and extends beyond the period of this study. The results reveal that with the passing of time, especially with the end of the 180 day validity of the State of Public Emergency, the logic of saving lives become subtly diluted and a naturalizable logic of leaving to die gradually enters the scene, in the face of which the citizens of São Luis do Paraitinga, based on their socio-cultural repertory, seek strategies to create opposition. Discursively, the day of the disaster, a disaster that occurred is spoken of, but many of the practices reveal its continued existence.
Desastres são fenômenos sócio-ambientais, resultado da interação entre um fenômeno natural no caso as chuvas e uma dada organização social, que culmina em um acontecimento trágico pelo conjunto de perdas materiais e imateriais. Para as Ciências Sociais, os desastres não são naturais, mas sim produto de processos sociais, históricos e territorialmente circunscritos (VALENCIO, 2009). Revelam a superposição espacial de problemas sociais e ambientais cujo estado de crise fará emergir uma biopolítica do desastre, para conduzir uma maneira de governar frente a este acontecimento e, assim, lidar com a população como problema político, científico, biológico e de poder (FOUCAULT, 1999). Desse modo, um conjunto de técnicas, mecanismos de poder e dispositivos de segurança circularão no intuito de tentar gerenciar os problemas que se apresentam no cenário de crise: produzem-se dispositivos de segurança classificatórios, imbuídos de discursos de saber-poder, para tornar a realidade administrável, objetivando, assim, enquadrar a complexidade dos problemas sociais revelados na cena em algo propício à gestão técnica, dando ênfase a aspectos dessa realidade que possam ser solucionáveis . Criam-se dispositivos de segurança excepcionais, técnicas de governo para gerenciar calamidades, intituladas como Situação de Emergência (S.E.) e Estado de Calamidade Pública (E.C.P) para permitir fissuras no ordenamento jurídico e fazer crescer as forças do Estado (cf. FOUCAULT, 2008b). No Brasil, estudos de Valencio (2012) demonstram que foram 10.195 portarias de reconhecimento de S.E. ou E.C.P. no período 2003-2009 (média de 1.456,42 portarias ao ano), o que revela que esta forma de governar se tornou a regra e não a exceção. Defendo a tese de que essas declarações de situações de emergência e estado de calamidade pública fazem parte de uma biopolítica do desastre, como técnicas para fazer crescer as forças do Estado que, num primeiro momento da emergência, fazem viver, mas que, no pós-impacto, deixam morrer, porque são desconexas às demandas sociais de reconstrução e recuperação. Buscou-se descrever e analisar sociologicamente as lógicas de poder, os discursos e as práticas dos sujeitos envolvidos no processo de pós-impacto, ou seja, de recuperação e reconstrução frente aos desastres relacionados às chuvas no Brasil, tomando como estudo de caso o desastre de São Luiz do Paraitinga/SP, município que foi inundado em janeiro de 2010. Adotando-se como procedimentos metodológicos a revisão do estado da arte, a pesquisa documental e a pesquisa de campo de base qualitativa, o recorte temporal de análise engloba o período entre janeiro de 2010 a junho de 2013, entendendo que o processo de recuperação social é de longo prazo e ultrapassa o período dessa pesquisa. Os resultados revelam que no transcorrer do tempo cronológico, com o término de vigência dos 180 dias do Estado de Calamidade Pública, as lógicas do fazer viver vão se diluindo sutilmente e paulatinamente entra em cena uma lógica naturalizável, que é a do deixar morrer, frente a qual os luizenses, a partir de seu repertório sócio-cultural, buscam estrategias de fazer resistir. Discursivamente se fala sobre de um dia do desastre , de um desastre que aconteceu, mas muitas das práticas revelam sua continuidade.

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Olori, Davide <1987&gt. « Processi di vulnerabilizzazione socio-spaziale in contesti di ricostruzione post-disastro ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7360/1/TOTALE_16.3.2016.pdf.

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I processi di ricostruzione post-disastro, e le conseguenze socio-territoriali che generano manifestano nel breve periodo il solco delle polarizzazioni pregresse dei conflitti in campo. Così sulle nuove mappe si materializzano le traiettorie degli individui che affrontano cambiamenti repentini nel breve arco temporale forzato dal disastro. Attraverso una comparazione tra due casi di studio (Italia e Cile) avanziamo l’ipotesi che esaminando queste dinamiche sia possibile indagare come gli attori sociali si muovono nella città in fase di riorganizzazione, riconoscendo i processi di vulnerabilizzazione che alcune categorie di popolazione sono costrette ad affrontare nel ritorno alla normalità. Partendo dall’analisi dell’accelerazione delle dinamiche urbane, dovuta all’ingresso improvviso di grandi capitali, all’impennata della domanda, alle strategie pubbliche e private etc., è possibile avanzare l’ipotesi che nei processi di vulnerabilizzazione socio-spaziale emergano con più chiarezza le cause e la catena di fattori che contribuisce alla loro incubazione, rendendo allo stesso tempo meglio interpretabili gli effetti di tali dinamiche urbane sulla vita degli individui, delle comunità e della città. Attraverso l’uso delle categorie suggerite dall’Ecologia Socio-politica dei disastri, si mettono a fuoco i diversi momenti della fase post-disastro per tratteggiare le dinamiche della ricostruzione de L’Aquila, Italia (colpita dal terremoto del 6 aprile 2009) e di Constitución, Cile (terremoto e maremoto del 27 febbraio 2010), comparando le strategie e i conflitti per la ricostruzione, le tipologie d’intervento pubblico e privato etc. per focalizzarsi in particolare sul vissuto soggettivo di chi affronta i cambiamenti urbani in un contesto di ricostruzione. Se rischio e disastro sono risultati dell’interazione tra la struttura socioeconomica, le trasformazioni politiche e i vissuti soggettivi esiste allora un rapporto macro-micro che costringe la ricerca ad indagare su un livello multiscalare. Si rende quindi necessario muovere dalla dimensione urbanistica verso quella soggettiva, per indagare i processi d’esclusione e marginalizzazione della città.
The post-disaster reconstruction of territories hit by an environmental disaster further stresses the existing social polarizations and the latent conflicts within the areas where the event takes place. Through a comparison between two case studies, we hypothesize that the investigation of the ways social actors move across the city allows us to understand how people return to “normality” when forced to re-organize their lives in the post-disaster phase. In particular, we address the nature of those trajectories which determine an increase of vulnerability. Having explored the acceleration of urban dynamics led by the territorial concentration of financial capital, the rise of real estate demand, the implementation of new (public and private) political strategies, we argue that it is crucial to evaluate the extent to which the aforementioned determinants affect the lives of individuals, communities, and cities. We additionally hypothesize that the comprehension of the socio-spatial vulnerabilization processes, experienced by some social groups, is necessary to identify the reasons and factors behind their production. Through the use of categories developed by the Socio-Political Ecology of Disaster, we focus on the different stages of the post-disaster reconstruction in two contexts: L’Aquila in Italy (earthquake on April 6, 2009) and Constitución in Chile (earthquake and tsunami on February 27, 2010). We compare political strategies, conflicts and public and private interventions in order to put emphasis on the subjective experiences of those who are directly affected by the urban changes brought by the reconstruction. If disaster stem from macro and micro dynamics (namely the interaction among socio-economic structure, political transformation, and subjective experiences), a multi-scalar investigation is required. The latter, aimed at evaluating the exclusion and marginalization of and within cities, permits to “symbolically” move from the analysis of the planning (macro) factors to the subjective experiences of the individuals hit by disasters.

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Olori, Davide <1987&gt. « Processi di vulnerabilizzazione socio-spaziale in contesti di ricostruzione post-disastro ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7360/.

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I processi di ricostruzione post-disastro, e le conseguenze socio-territoriali che generano manifestano nel breve periodo il solco delle polarizzazioni pregresse dei conflitti in campo. Così sulle nuove mappe si materializzano le traiettorie degli individui che affrontano cambiamenti repentini nel breve arco temporale forzato dal disastro. Attraverso una comparazione tra due casi di studio (Italia e Cile) avanziamo l’ipotesi che esaminando queste dinamiche sia possibile indagare come gli attori sociali si muovono nella città in fase di riorganizzazione, riconoscendo i processi di vulnerabilizzazione che alcune categorie di popolazione sono costrette ad affrontare nel ritorno alla normalità. Partendo dall’analisi dell’accelerazione delle dinamiche urbane, dovuta all’ingresso improvviso di grandi capitali, all’impennata della domanda, alle strategie pubbliche e private etc., è possibile avanzare l’ipotesi che nei processi di vulnerabilizzazione socio-spaziale emergano con più chiarezza le cause e la catena di fattori che contribuisce alla loro incubazione, rendendo allo stesso tempo meglio interpretabili gli effetti di tali dinamiche urbane sulla vita degli individui, delle comunità e della città. Attraverso l’uso delle categorie suggerite dall’Ecologia Socio-politica dei disastri, si mettono a fuoco i diversi momenti della fase post-disastro per tratteggiare le dinamiche della ricostruzione de L’Aquila, Italia (colpita dal terremoto del 6 aprile 2009) e di Constitución, Cile (terremoto e maremoto del 27 febbraio 2010), comparando le strategie e i conflitti per la ricostruzione, le tipologie d’intervento pubblico e privato etc. per focalizzarsi in particolare sul vissuto soggettivo di chi affronta i cambiamenti urbani in un contesto di ricostruzione. Se rischio e disastro sono risultati dell’interazione tra la struttura socioeconomica, le trasformazioni politiche e i vissuti soggettivi esiste allora un rapporto macro-micro che costringe la ricerca ad indagare su un livello multiscalare. Si rende quindi necessario muovere dalla dimensione urbanistica verso quella soggettiva, per indagare i processi d’esclusione e marginalizzazione della città.
The post-disaster reconstruction of territories hit by an environmental disaster further stresses the existing social polarizations and the latent conflicts within the areas where the event takes place. Through a comparison between two case studies, we hypothesize that the investigation of the ways social actors move across the city allows us to understand how people return to “normality” when forced to re-organize their lives in the post-disaster phase. In particular, we address the nature of those trajectories which determine an increase of vulnerability. Having explored the acceleration of urban dynamics led by the territorial concentration of financial capital, the rise of real estate demand, the implementation of new (public and private) political strategies, we argue that it is crucial to evaluate the extent to which the aforementioned determinants affect the lives of individuals, communities, and cities. We additionally hypothesize that the comprehension of the socio-spatial vulnerabilization processes, experienced by some social groups, is necessary to identify the reasons and factors behind their production. Through the use of categories developed by the Socio-Political Ecology of Disaster, we focus on the different stages of the post-disaster reconstruction in two contexts: L’Aquila in Italy (earthquake on April 6, 2009) and Constitución in Chile (earthquake and tsunami on February 27, 2010). We compare political strategies, conflicts and public and private interventions in order to put emphasis on the subjective experiences of those who are directly affected by the urban changes brought by the reconstruction. If disaster stem from macro and micro dynamics (namely the interaction among socio-economic structure, political transformation, and subjective experiences), a multi-scalar investigation is required. The latter, aimed at evaluating the exclusion and marginalization of and within cities, permits to “symbolically” move from the analysis of the planning (macro) factors to the subjective experiences of the individuals hit by disasters.

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Marchezini, Victor. « Desafios de gestão de abrigos temporários : uma análise sociológica de inseguranças e riscos no cotidiano de famílias abrigadas ». Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/6714.

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Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
From the interaction between natural phenomena like rains and a social organization, it can be occurs a quantity of environmental damages, material and human losses which can configured depending of the intensity of these a disaster. Human losses have been demanding more public policies of civil protection, mainly these families who are displaced from their home. These families can be characterized for the loss of the home s territory that was destroyed or located in risk areas, and after the evacuation commanded by the State, they were removed from their homes. In many times, these displaced families don t have founds to provided a temporary habitation or no have received an invitation to live temporally in their parents and friends houses, and their only alternative are going to a temporary shelter organized by the State. Temporary shelters were organized from the adaptation of public schools, sports gymnasiums, where displaced families will try to make a territory to reproduce social practices associated with their privates routines on their homes. This attempt will depend the relations among families and the relations between them and shelters administrators. The objective of this study was describing and analyzing sociologically how, after these process of loss the territory of home, displaced families try to produce their privates routines in public spaces like temporary shelters organized in contexts of disasters related to rains. The methodological procedures were based: bibliographic research, documental research and field research with qualitative methods. From the contributions of Sociology of Disaster, disasters can be comprehended like processes that were defined by the symbolic production, which it constituted by the agents in competition for the monopoly of official vision. In these power relations, temporary shelters were left in invisibility, and they have constituted in human s exclusion agglomerate (HAESBAERT, 2004), an extreme desterritorialization which reveal multiples desterritorializations that displaced families live intensively on temporaries shelters, a space of social suffering.
Da interação entre um fenômeno natural como as chuvas e uma dada organização social, pode ocorrer uma quantidade de danos ambientais, materiais e humanos, configurando dependendo da intensidade desses danos um desastre. Os danos humanos são aqueles que têm demandado mais ações das políticas públicas de proteção civil, sobretudo as famílias que ficam desabrigadas. Estas se caracterizam como aquelas que tiveram o território de suas casas danificado ou destruído ou em área considerada de risco e, pelas medidas de evacuação sob a ordem do Estado, são desterritorializadas de suas moradias. Por não disporem de condições financeiras para prover uma habitação temporária ou de apoio de parentes ou amigos para conseguir alojamento, têm que recorrer aos abrigos temporários estruturados pelo Estado. Os abrigos são organizados a partir da adaptação de determinadas infra-estruturas como escolas públicas, ginásios, centros de exposições, nas quais as famílias tentarão reproduzir um território associado às práticas do mundo privado da casa, tentativa esta que será balizada a partir da relação que as famílias estabelecem entre si e com os coordenadores de abrigos. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever e analisar sociologicamente como, a partir desse processo de perda do território da casa, as famílias tentam produzir suas práticas associadas ao mundo privado nos abrigos temporários para desabrigados em contextos de desastres relacionados às chuvas. Os procedimentos metodológicos para realização deste estudo tiveram como base: a revisão do estado da arte, a pesquisa documental e a pesquisa de campo de base qualitativa. A partir das contribuições da Sociologia, os desastres podem ser compreendidos como processos em que subjaz uma produção simbólica sempre construída por agentes em disputa pelo monopólio da visão oficial. E nessas relações de poder entre eles, os abrigos temporários são deixados na invisibilidade, constituindo-se como novos aglomerados humanos de exclusão (cf. HAESBAERT, 2004), uma forma de desterritorialização extrema que sinaliza as múltiplas desterritorializações que as famílias passam a viver de forma acentuada, como um sofrimento social.

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Kim, Kyungwoo. « Effects of Disasters on Local Climate Actions : Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Actions ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1062866/.

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This dissertation investigates the effects of natural disasters and political institutions on municipalities' climate change policies. Although most theoretical frameworks on policy adoption highlight the roles of extreme events as exogenous factors influencing policy change, most studies tend to focus on the effects of extreme events on policy change at the national level. Additionally, the existing theoretical frameworks explaining local policy adoption and public service provision do not pay attention to the roles of extreme events in local governments' policy choices. To fill those gaps, this dissertation explores the roles of natural disasters and political institutions on municipal governments' climate change policies. It does this by applying the theory of focusing events to local climate mitigation and adaptation actions. Based on the policy change framework, the political market model, and the institutional collective action frameworks, this dissertation develops and tests hypotheses to examine the effects of natural disasters and political institutions on municipalities' climate mitigation and adaptation policies. The dissertation uses 2010 National League of Cities (NLC) sustainability surveys and the 2010 International City/County Management Association (ICMA) sustainability survey to test the hypotheses. Analytical results show that floods and droughts influence local climate change policies and suggest that local governments can take advantage of extreme events when initiating a policy change. The results also suggest that political institutions can shape the effects of natural disasters on municipalities' climate mitigation and adaptation actions.

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Siena, Mariana. « A atenção social nos desastres : uma análise sociológica das diversas concepções de atendimento aos grupos sociais afetados ». Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/6683.

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Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
The disaster is a tragic and critical event that exceeds the everyday life, invaded it, messes it out. It is a phenomenon seen as unacceptable, and that surprises those who are both in and out of the scene; immediate concerns prompt mobilization of resources and exceptional measures, pressing authorities to act quickly (VALENCIO, 2012). Faced with such a phenomenon, civil defense has the institutional mission of coordinating all actions in context, including those of social assistance. However, the national reality tells us that, in Brazilian municipalities, social assistance has a significantly greater institutional presence in relation to civil defense. Howsoever, whether the presence of civil defense, either with the presence of social assistance, public assistance to those social groups affected in the disaster or that enhances their vulnerability to threatening events has been characterized by precariousness. That is, the recurrent has been a kind of care that goal by the kingdom needs (not rights), not exceeding the supply of needs, where is considered enough by the public entity the provision based on mattresses and baskets of food. Studies about politics of civil defense in disaster scenario were made by Valencio (2009, 2012), and Valencio & Valencio (2010). But, there is a gap in the debate about the strategic social care services in the context of disaster. This study aimed to throw light on this gap and analyze the reasons why, in the context of disaster, assistance to vulnerable populations remains as precarious. For this, the main objective of this study was to examine the sociological discourse and practice of social assistance in the context of disaster, using a macro and micro sociological perspective from the case study of the municipality of Ribeirão Preto/SP. Thus, study focused on the ways in which social context portrayed the disaster and, thereafter, identified the affected social groups and individuals from whom made his acting technique. In the present case, the acting technique implemented in the municipality and analyzed in this study was centrally guided in the displacement of a group of residents of some slums, recurrently subject to floods, to the housing complex Toni Wilson Garden.
O desastre é um acontecimento trágico e crítico que ultrapassa o cotidiano, invade-o, desarruma-o. É um fenômeno tido como inadmissível ante o qual se surpreendem os que se encontram tanto dentro como fora da cena; preocupações imediatas incitam a mobilização de excepcionais recursos e providências, pressionando-se autoridades para agirem rapidamente (VALENCIO, 2012). Frente a tal fenômeno, a defesa civil tem a missão institucional de coordenar todas as ações no contexto, inclusive àquelas de assistência social. Contudo, a realidade nacional nos indica que, nos municípios brasileiros, a assistência social tem uma presença institucional significativamente maior em relação à defesa civil. Todavia, seja com a presença da defesa civil, seja com a presença da assistência social, o atendimento público àqueles grupos sociais afetados no desastre ou aos que intensificam sua vulnerabilidade diante dos eventos ameaçantes tem se caracterizado pela precariedade. Ou seja, recorrente tem sido um tipo de atendimento que se baliza pelo reino das necessidades (e não dos direitos), não ultrapassando o suprimento das carências, no qual o provimento aos grupos sociais afetados em desastres com colchões e cestas-básicas seja considerado suficiente pelo ente público. Estudos sobre as políticas de defesa civil em cenário de desastres foram feitos por Valencio (2009; 2012), Valencio e Valencio (2010). Porém, há uma lacuna no debate quando se trata do atendimento estratégico da assistência social em contexto de desastre. Assim, este trabalho teve o intuito de jogar luzes nessa lacuna e analisar as razões pelas quais, no contexto de desastre, o atendimento às populações vulneráveis persiste apenas como suprimento de carências. Para isso, focou-se na atenção social em desastres e teve como objetivo principal a análise sociológica das diversas concepções de atendimento aos grupos sociais afetados, valendo-se de uma perspectiva macro e microssociológica, a partir do estudo do caso do município de Ribeirão Preto/SP. Focalizou-se os modos como os agentes de atenção social interpretaram o contexto de desastre e, a partir daí, identificaram os grupos sociais e sujeitos afetados junto aos quais realizaram sua atuação. No caso em tela, a atenção social implementada no município e analisada neste trabalho foi centralmente pautada no deslocamento de um grupo de moradores de algumas favelas, sujeitas recorrentemente às enchentes, para o conjunto habitacional do Jardim Wilson Toni.

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Glenda, Toneff-Cotner E. « Transformation or Tragedy?A Retrospective Phenomenological Study of School Closure ». Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1433316650.

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MASSI, JUNIOR LUIZ. « Abrigo temporário para desabrigados em situações emergenciais, com suporte de energia elétrica a partir de células a combustível a hidrogênio ». reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2014. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/23513.

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Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo

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Ugolini, Celine. « The Resilience of New Orleans : Assessing a History of Disasters 1718-1803 ». Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30077.

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La Nouvelle Orléans fut fondée en 1718 sur un sol qui est désormais connu pour être instable. En 1719, peu après sa construction initiale, la ville fut inondée. Le premier ouragan qui détruisit la ville date de 1722. D’autres tempêtes dévastatrices suivirent et imposèrent la reconstruction de cette ville naissante. Les colons français qui ont construit La Nouvelle Orléans n’avaient aucune expérience du climat de la Louisiane ni des tempêtes et inondations répétitives. Les dégâts liés aux catastrophes naturelles furent si fréquents que les premières décennies de l’histoire de la ville se résument au difficile travail de reconstruction. L’assistant de l’ingénieur de la ville, Adrien de Pauger, fut le premier à proposer un système de jetées qui aurait pu résoudre le problème de la formation des bancs de sable. Mais ses plans n’ont pas été mis en œuvre. Reconstruire une ville que les français venaient juste de fonder présenta un défi dès le début. Le déficit démographique engendra l’envoi de criminels et autres indésirables venant de France. Ces derniers finirent par jouer un rôle crucial dans la construction, puis la reconstruction de la ville. Ce projet examine les défis que les premiers Néo-Orléanais ont dû affronter, et leur adaptation nécessaire a un environnement inhospitalier. Malgré les nombreuses craintes que les habitants quittent leur ville afin de se réfugier dans des terres plus élevées, ou bien de retourner en France, ces derniers ont su montrer leur résilience et leur attachement a cette ville, de la même manière que cela s’est produit après l’ouragan Katrina en 2005. D’autres villes environnantes, comme La Balise, ont connu un sort différent. La Balise disparut après de nombreux ouragans alors que la capitale de la Louisiane de l’époque fût constamment reconstruite. Cette thèse traite des premières années de chaos et de destruction de La Nouvelle Orléans. Par ailleurs elle montre comment la ville a survécu aux nombreux ouragans, incendies et autres catastrophes, avant d’évoluer du statut d’une commune fragile à celui d’une ville robuste
New Orleans, Louisiana, formerly La Nouvelle Orléans, was founded in 1718 on what is known today to be unstable land. Shortly after its initial construction, a flood in 1719 devastated the city. Several other strong storms quickly followed and forced reconstruction upon the nascent Crescent City. The French colonists who built La Nouvelle Orléans had no experience with either Louisiana’s climate or repetitive tropical storms and flooding. Damage from disasters occurred so frequently that the difficult work of reconstruction characterized the city’s first few decades. Assistant City Engineer Adrien de Pauger was the very first person to plan for a jetty system for the city. La Nouvelle Orléans could have benefited from solving its sandbars issues had this venture been conducted the way Pauger had envisaged. Rebuilding for a city that the French had just recently built presented a challenge from the start. The lack of population of the area generated the sending of criminals and other unwanted individuals from the mother country. These ended up taking an active part in the construction and reconstruction process. This research examines the early challenges confronting New Orleanians and their necessary adaptation to an inhospitable environment. Despite concerns that residents would leave their city to seek safer living conditions on higher land or move back to the home country as some did, early New Orleanians displayed a resilience similar to that found in the aftermath of Katrina. Other local settlements, such as La Balise, had a different fate and disappeared as a result of recurring hurricanes whereas the then capital of Louisiana always rebuilt after each disaster. The study will discuss the city’s early years of chaos and destruction, and how La Nouvelle Orléans struggled to overcome hurricanes, fires, and disease, before evolving from a fragile settlement to a stronger city

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Raillon, Camille. « La résilience dans l’humanitaire, un concept pour penser autrement la gouvernance des catastrophes socio-climatiques ». Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC0082/document.

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La resilience dans l’humanitaire. Un concept pour penser autrement la gouvernance des catastrophes socio-climatiques. Le concept de resilience integre l’espace humanitaire au debut du XXIe siecle. Il a pour point de depart l’ambition affichee par les ONG d'ameliorer l’impact de leurs activites sur les populations les plus vulnerables. Si le concept de resilience est ne dans les sciences physiques, son integration au milieu du XXe siecle dans de multiples domaines de recherche : environnement, economie, psychologie et politique, le dote aujourd’hui de diverses interpretations et definitions. Au travers de ses racines multiples, cette integration est, par deduction, limitée par la complexite a trouver une definition, des indicateurs et une methodologie satisfaisante permettant de mesurer et donc d’ameliorer l’aide apportee aux victimes. En nous focalisant sur la gestion des catastrophes socio-climatiques, a savoir celles liees aux activites humaines sur les ecosystemes et aux phenomenes climatiques extremes, nous avons fait le choix d’interroger le sens et la portee de ce concept dans l’humanitaire. En d’autres termes, aux cote;s de ses aspects theoriques, comment apprehender la resilience pour penser autrement la gouvernance des catastrophes socio-climatiques ?Notre etude en 2014 sur l’evolution des trajectoires de vie de 144 foyers dans le Delta des Sundarbans au sud du Bangladesh, met en lumiere une typologie de ces differentes capacites, suite aux cyclones Sidr 2007 et Aila 2009. Par ailleurs, nos resultats avancent l’idee que, si la resilience est une capacite endogene, elle interagit avec deux autres termes complementaires et polemiques qui ont integre l’espace humanitaire entre le milieu et la fin du XXe siecle : la vulnerabilite et l’adaptation des societes. Nous soutenons que, si ces trois termes sont dissociables et parfois meme contradictoires, leur chevauchement permet une analyse plus fine des capacites des foyers au sein des collectivites et des services ecosystemiques locaux. Ce qui nous permet de mettre en avant que le concept de resilience s’apprehende dans l’humanitaire comme une notion integratrice vulnerabilite, resilience et adaptation au service d’une approche systemique de la gouvernance des catastrophes.Nous defendons que la resilience puisse aussi etre apprehendee comme une approche systemique qui bouscule le modele humanitaire, puisqu’il ne s’agit plus seulement pour repondre aux catastrophes de s’inspirer du modele classique urgence, rehabilitation et developpement mais bien de gerer tout au long du cycle d’un projet la confusion et les perceptions contradictoires de la crise et des risques. L’integration de la resilience concourt ainsi a; une modelisation de l’aide basee sur les aspects fonctionnels, structurels et operationnels de l’organisation avec une vision plus integree des systemes socio- ecologiques, a savoir la capacite des foyers a rebondir couplee a celle des services ecosystemiques locaux.Au travers des multiples polemiques qui traversent l’idee de resilience, nous assistons, si ce n’est a un bouleversement profond du paradigme humanitaire, a un enrichissement de la pensee sur la gouvernance des catastrophes et sur les modeles de l’aide qui les accompagnent. Des lors, nous posons notre question de recherche, en quoi le concept de resilience s’apprehende dans l’humanitaire a une approche systemique et a des modeles complementaires de l’aide integres dans la relation durable societe-environnement ?
Resilience in humanitarian. A concept to think differently about the governance of socio-climate disasters.The concept of resilience integrates the humanitarian space in the early 21st century. Its starting point is the ambition of the NGOs to improve the impact of their activities on the most vulnerables populations. If the concept of resilience was born in the physical sciences, its integration in the mid 20th century in multiple research areas: environment, economy, psychology and politics, endows it today with various interpretations and definitions. Through its multiple roots, this integration is by deduction, limited by the complexity to find a definition, indicators and adequate methodology to measure and therefore improve assistance to victims. By focusing on managing socio-climate disasters, namely those related to human activities on ecosystems and extreme climate events, we have chosen to question the meaning and scope of this concept in humanitarian. In other words, the side of its theoretical aspects, how to understand resilience to think differently about the governance of socio-climate disasters?We put forward the idea that resilience is a concept. In the sense that resilience is a general idea that helps to organize knowledge on multiple and complex rebounds capacity of an entity following a shock. Our study in 2014 on the evolution of life histories of 144 homes in the Delta of the Sundarbans in Southern Bangladesh highlights a typology of different capacities following the cyclones Sidr 2007 and Aila 2009. Furthermore, our results argue the idea that if resilience is an endogenous capacity, it interacts with two additional terms and controversies that have integrated the humanitarian space between the middle and late 20th century: the vulnerability and adaptation of societies. We argue that if these three terms are severable and sometimes contradictory, their overlapping enables a more detailed analysis of issues and local socio-ecological dynamics. This allows us to point out our first hypothesis: the concept of resilience is apprehended in humanitarian as an integrating concept serving a systemic approach to disasters governance.Finally, we defend that resilience can also be seen as a systemic approach that challenges the humanitarian model. Since it is not only taking inspiration from the classical model like planning, development, and quality control to answer to disasters, but to be able to model the confusion and conflicting perceptions of the crisis and risks. The integration of resilience contributes to a modeling aid, based on functional, structural and historical aspects of the organization with a more integrated vision of the socio-ecological systems.Through many controversies that cross the idea of resilience, we are witnessing, if this is not a profound change of paradigm in humanitarian, to an enrichment of the thought on governance of disasters, and the models of helps that goes with them. Therefore we ask our research question, how the concept of resilience is apprehended in humanitarian to a systemic approach and innovative models of assistance that emphasize an integrated relationship society-environment?

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SALEM, AHOO. « INVISIBILITY OF THE MARGINALS ; SOCIAL INEQUALITIES AND VULNERABILITY TO NATURAL HAZARDS FOR AFGHAN WOMEN AND GIRLS IN TEHRAN METROPOLITAN AREA ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/253646.

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Tehran, the capital city of Iran, is located on one of the highest seismic zones of the world. Although the physical dimensions of earthquake hazards in Tehran has been well studied, little research examines the underlying social patterns and power relations that shape the population's differential vulnerability and coping mechanism in the face of seismic hazards. An integrated vulnerability analysis is proposed to consider the inter-connected factors and relations that influence and affect people differently; from conditions of normal life to vulnerability and coping capacity in face of the disasters. With the aim of understanding processes behind differential vulnerability of certain groups, this research focuses on a population Afghan women and girls residing in Tehran. Qualitative methods are used to collect the empirical data of the research by means of deep interviews with thirty Afghan women and girls’ living in district 12 of Tehran. The vulnerability paradigm of natural hazards and disasters is used as the basis for an assessment of differential progression of vulnerability for Afghans in Iran. Access to financial, human and social resources are viewed as an important indicator of differential levels of vulnerability and coping mechanism; in conditions of normal life as well as in the case of the predicted earthquake of Tehran. Processes of marginalization and upward mobility are used to explain for the impact of social relations and power structures on access patterns and hence choices and decisions of Afghan women and girls and their households. Synergies and intersections between two demographic factors of gender and migrant status are investigated for Afghan women and girls. The research findings show that a combination of social relations and power structures at various levels influence processes of marginalization or upward mobility for Afghans in Iran. Iranian government’s short term focus on repatriation polices along with lack of consideration of the substantial population of first and second generation Afghans in Iran has created conditions of structural discrimination and unequal access to various resources for Afghans and has limited their spaces of agency. These conditions are reinforced by unfavorable treatment of the public, limiting access levels of Afghans to different resources and adding to their marginalization through time. Immigrant networks as well as centers of civil society and NGO’s play an important role in balancing the effects of social- inequalities and hence are important coping mechanisms in lives of Afghans in Iran. However, agency of actors in creating coping mechanisms and improving livelihoods can be limited by social, economic and political conditions. Afghan women and girls in particular face conditions of double discrimination resulted by intersections of “gender” and “migrant status”; which reinforce their marginalization and invisibility and limit their chances of mobility and integration. As a result Afghans in Iran have weak livelihoods which represent conditions of everyday hazard and risk. In the longer term, normal life vulnerability of Afghans can be translated into earthquake vulnerability by limiting their options for coping with and recovering from the loss and damage caused by a possible earthquake in Tehran. Moving beyond the direct risk of environmental factors and catastrophic hazards is an important requirement for gaining a holistic understanding of factors underlying earthquake vulnerability in Tehran as well as enhancing coping mechanisms.

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50

Salem, A. « INVISIBLE AMONG THE MARGINALS ; SOCIAL INEQUALITIES AND VULNERABILITY TO NATURAL HAZARDS FOR AFGHAN WOMEN AND GIRLS IN TEHRAN METROPOLITAN AREA ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/273850.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Tehran, the capital city of Iran, is located on one of the highest seismic zones of the world. Although the physical dimensions of earthquake hazards in Tehran has been well studied, little research examines the underlying social patterns and power relations that shape the population's differential vulnerability and coping mechanism in the face of seismic hazards. An integrated vulnerability analysis is proposed to consider the inter-connected factors and relations that influence and affect people differently; from conditions of normal life to vulnerability and coping capacity in face of the disasters. With the aim of understanding processes behind differential vulnerability of certain groups, this research focuses on a population Afghan women and girls residing in Tehran. Qualitative methods are used to collect the empirical data of the research by means of deep interviews with thirty Afghan women and girls’ living in district 12 of Tehran. The vulnerability paradigm of natural hazards and disasters is used as the basis for an assessment of differential progression of vulnerability for Afghans in Iran. Access to financial, human and social resources are viewed as an important indicator of differential levels of vulnerability and coping mechanism; in conditions of normal life as well as in the case of the predicted earthquake of Tehran. Processes of marginalization and upward mobility are used to explain for the impact of social relations and power structures on access patterns and hence choices and decisions of Afghan women and girls and their households. Synergies and intersections between two demographic factors of gender and migrant status are investigated for Afghan women and girls. The research findings show that a combination of social relations and power structures at various levels influence processes of marginalization or upward mobility for Afghans in Iran. Iranian government’s short term focus on repatriation polices along with lack of consideration of the substantial population of first and second generation Afghans in Iran has created conditions of structural discrimination and unequal access to various resources for Afghans and has limited their spaces of agency. These conditions are reinforced by unfavourable treatment of the public, limiting access levels of Afghans to different resources and adding to their marginalization through time. Immigrant networks as well as centers of civil society and NGO’s play an important role in balancing the effects of social- inequalities and hence are important coping mechanisms in lives of Afghans in Iran. However, agency of actors in creating coping mechanisms and improving livelihoods can be limited by social, economic and political conditions. Afghan women and girls in particular face conditions of double discrimination resulted by intersections of “gender” and “migrant status”; which reinforce their marginalization and invisibility and limit their chances of mobility and integration. As a result Afghans in Iran have weak livelihoods which represent conditions of everyday hazard and risk. In the longer term, normal life vulnerability of Afghans can be translated into earthquake vulnerability by limiting their options for coping with and recovering from the loss and damage caused by a possible earthquake in Tehran. Moving beyond the direct risk of environmental factors and catastrophic hazards is an important requirement for gaining a holistic understanding of factors underlying earthquake vulnerability in Tehran as well as enhancing coping mechanisms.

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Thèses sur le sujet « Disaster sociology »

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