Thèses sur le sujet « Dilemmi digitali »

Lo "sharenting", o l'atto di condividere rappresentazioni della propria genitorialità e/o dei propri figli online, è oggi prassi comune per molte famiglie contemporanee. Tale pratica mediatica è parte di un più vasto processo di "datificazione" della vita quotidiana, in cui informazioni e rappresentazioni che vanno dalla narrazione multimodale (i.e. scritta, fotografica, video) della propria gravidanza fino alla documentaizone della vita dei figli sui social media, sono trasformati in dati online. Diverse testate giornalsitiche e mediatiche a vario titolo hanno evidenziato gli aspetti controversi di tale pratica definendo i genitori odierni come inattenti e ingenui in merito. Diverse ricerche, tuttavia, suggeriscono che lungi dall'essere incorporata in maniera acritica, la pratica dello sharenting è spesso causa di veri e prorpi dilemmi digitali con cui i genitori contemporanei (e nella fattispecie le madri) si interfacciano. In tal senso, lo sharenting può diventare un terreno di "governance" della "digitalizzazione" della vita familiare quale ulteriore compito con cui i genitori contemporanei sono chiamati a interfacciarsi in un più vasto clima culturale di "genitorialità intensiva". La letteratura scientifica in merito, tuttavia, si è ad oggi limitata a riportare l'esistenza di tali dilemmi, senza approfondire se e a che livelli questi possano invece promuovere occasioni di apprendimento, presa di coscienza e riflessioni critiche rispetto a come affrontarli. La ricerca descritta in questa tesi cerca di colmare questo gap adottando una metodologia molto diffusa nello studio dei dilemmi genitoriali "tradizionali" ma ad oggi non utilizzata rispetto ai dilemmi digitali: lo studio di conversazioni online sui forum per genitori quali occasioni per apprendere ad affrontare le sfide quotidiane della genitorialità. Tale ricerca di supporto online è di particolare rilievo nel caso dei dilemmi digitali dello sharenting, data la loro natura relativamente nuova che comporta un'assenza di modelli pedagogico-culturali cui i genitori possono attingere. Utilizzando il forum Baby Center come contesto di raccolta dati, sono state campionate 665 discussioni fra madri analizzate tramite un'analisi di contenuto e una serie di analisi tematiche, con l'obiettivo di individuare le tipologie di dilemmi narrati e i bisogni comunicativi, relazionali e formativi che hanno spinto queste madri a cercare supporto nel forum, nonché le traiettorie interpretative e prassiche costruite nel corso delle interazioni a più voci analizzate, quali esempi di co-costruzione di principi e corsi d'azione in merito al dominio della "buona" (i.e. moralmente connotata) "genitorialità digitale". Il forum è qui visto come uno spazio che -nel favorire un'interazione paritaria- si costituisce come ambiente informale di apprendimento in cui attivare processi ermeneutici e riflessivi di costruzione collettiva di significato che possono aiutare a superare o quantomeno leggere ed affrontare questi dilemmi, promuovendo in determinate circostanze anche apprendimenti e riposizionamenti o trasformazioni di sguardi nelle parti interagenti. Le discussioni analizzate, inoltre, vanno a costituire un deposito pedagogico di etnoteorie genitoriali rispetto ai dilemmi indagati a disposizione non soltanto delle parti interagenti, ma di chiunque dovesse accedere a queste conversazioni anche in un secondo momento in preda a una situazione dilemmatica disorientante. I risultati di questo studio sono sintetizzabili in termini di contenuto e processo. Nel primo caso, possiamo riconoscere un ventaglio di conoscenze descrittive riguardanti i dilemmi digitali provocati nei genitori dall’incorporazione di una certa pratica mediatica, quale lo sharenting, nel contesto domestico. Nel secondo caso, la ricerca ha illuminato i processi di costruzione sociale di principi e idee regolatrici che governano la genitorialità digitale, e in senso lato la genitorialità contemporanea.
“Sharenting” or sharing representations about one’s parenting and/or children online is a usual habit for families in the digital age. This practice is part of a broader process of datafication of the everyday life for many families, where information and representations ranging from one’s pregnancy to accounts of children’s lives are transformed into online data. While media outlets described parents as inattentive and naïve about it, empirical data supports many of them grapple with digital dilemmas concerning these digital narrations about their families on social media. What is currently lacking in the literature, though, are studies specifically reporting on the reflective practices parents engage in when trying to tackle these dilemmas. To fill this gap, this study explores how parenting forums can work as informal reflective and learning sites where parents naturally discuss digital dilemmas associated with sharenting (“Social Media Dilemmas”). The BabyCenter forum was used as a site of data collection to investigate these dilemmatic situations, focusing on threads where mothers wanted to discuss how the evolving communication ecology poses new challenges and doubts when it comes to governing their families’ and children’s digital presence. The contribution reports on results of content and thematic analyses of the opening posts and comments from 665 threads, looking at the types of dilemmas parents experience about sharenting, and how these are discussed, framed, and possibly overcome with peers. The dissertation focuses on how this naturally occurring conversations worked as informal educational reflective practices for parents to learn and make sense of sharenting as a contemporary source of dilemmas.

This thesis aims to illustrate how civil society organizations reflect on and communicate for societal change. The aim is also to broaden the understanding of how norms and logics on social media platforms characterize communication and the discourse about social engagement. With a basis in discourse theory, the particular focus of the study is on identifying discursive themes, and conflicts that exist within these themes. The analysis draws upon critical theories about the power position and technical affordance of social media platforms, as well as perspectives on the political subject - individually and collectively. The analysis is based on in-depth interviews with representatives from six environmental organizations, two of which are newer network-based movements. The results show discursive nodal points such as autonomous, individual-based and political.  These partly gain their meaning through social media and technical affordances, which enable lower engagement thresholds, which in turn challenge the organizations’ ideas about long-term engagement. Political engagement is largely associated with online engagement, via social media, at the same time an opposite relationship shows that screen time takes focus from deepened or physical engagement. The results also show that organizations are aware of the power of social media platforms, where hidden algorithms and commercial logic contrast with the organizations’ visions, while at the same time the platforms play an important role for the organizations’ communication.

El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer qué factores generan dilemas éticos en el periodismo digital. Es una investigación exploratorio de diseño descriptivo y cuantitativo, donde participaron 30 periodistas de tres medios peruanos. Para el estudio se creó una encuesta que midiera tanto el comportamiento ético del periodista digital, como factores que pudiera influir en su trabajo diario. Se plantearon tres factores: conocimiento de la norma ética, tipo de noticia y uso de redes sociales como fuentes periodísticas. Se concluyó que el primer y tercer factor mencionados, sí generan dilemas éticos. El segundo, tipo de noticia, no genera per se dilemas éticos. Sin embargo, uno de sus indicadores, la inmediatez, es un problema que los periodistas consideran como generador de dilemas éticos. El uso de redes sociales como fuente de información periodística mostró una mayor incidencia en la generación de dilemas éticos. Los hallazgos fueron analizados en base a la teoría recopilada.
The purpose of this research was to learn what factors generate ethical dilemmas in digital journalism. For this, journalists from the three main Peruvian media outlets were surveyed as it is based on a descriptive and quantitative exploratory research design, where 30 journalists participated. For this study, a survey that measured both the ethical behavior of the digital journalist, as the impact of the factors in their daily work was created. Three factors were raised: knowledge of the ethical norm, type of news and the use of social networks as journalistic sources. It was concluded that the first and third factors mentioned above do generate ethical dilemmas. The second type of news per se does not generate dilemmas. However, one of its indicators, immediacy, is a problem that journalists agreed as generating ethical dilemmas. The use of social networks as a source of news reports showed a higher incidence. The results were collected and analyzed based on the theory presented

Syftet med föreliggande studie är att undersöka samhällslärares erfarenheter av digitaliseringens effekter på gymnasielevers lärande. Studien utgick från en kvalitativ metod. Det empiriska materialet har samlats in med hjälp av sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med samhällskunskapslärare. Resultatet visar att samhällskunskapslärare kunde identifiera ett antal positiva och negativa digitala effekter av gymnasieelevers lärande. Studiens slutsatser visar att det finns ett behov av fortsatt forskning i ämnet, framförallt kring gymnasieelevers uppfattning om digitaliseringen och digitaliseringens negativa effekter.

Upphovsrättsdirektivet, Digital Single Market-direktivet, befinner sig idag i en implementeringsprocess i EU-länderna. Implementeringen syftar till att harmonisera upphovsrätten mellan medlemsstaterna och att upprätthålla en väl fungerande inre marknad. Direktivet medför ett antal dilemman vid harmoniseringen av medlemsländernas lagstiftningar. Somliga länder är positiva till direktivet, medan andra anmärker en ordalydelse som är otydlig, abstrakt och svår att konkretisera. Frankrike var första land inom unionen att lägga fram ett lagförslag baserat på direktivet. Samtliga medlemsländer, däribland Sverige, har fortfarande tid på sig att införliva direktivet i sin lagstiftning. Syftet med uppsatsen är att utreda DSM-direktivets artikel 17 och dess implementering i fransk rätt med utgångspunkt i Frankrikes framställda lagförslag. Vidare är ändamålet att göra en konkret jämförelse mellan förevarande upphovsrättsliga normer i Sverige respektive Frankrike, för att således kunna analysera det franska lagförslagets lämplighet i svensk rättsordning. Lämpligheten ska försöka bedömas utifrån kulturella värderingar bakom nationell lagstiftning och upphovsrättspolitik. För att besvara frågeställningen huruvida det franska lagförslaget på implementering av DSM-direktivets artikel 17 kan vara en förebild för den svenska lagstiftaren, har framställningen disponerats enligt följande: vi har (1) utrett svensk upphovsrätt, (2) redogjort för DSM-direktivet och härrörande kritik, (3) uppgivit Regeringskansliets resonemang och frågeställningar gällande direktivets genomförande i svensk rätt, (4) utrett fransk upphovsrätt samt (5) översatt och tolkat förevarande lagförslag med tillhörande kritik. Utöver rättskällor, har framställningen till övervägande del grund i debattartiklar, tidskrifter samt inlägg online för att klargöra den aktuella problematiken rörande DSM-direktivet. Slutsatsen är att svensk respektive fransk upphovsrätt visserligen framstår som snarlika i stort sett. Däremot kan det franska lagförslaget på implementering av direktivet enbart framstå som en förebild i viss mån. Av artikel 17:s tre huvudområden kan vägledning av det franska lagförslaget endast ges gällande införandet av en klagomåls- och avhjälpningsmekanism.

Det här är den slutgiltiga examensuppsatsen, en nedskuren version av en mer omfattande och djupgående version. För intressenter finns den första versionen tillgänglig via kontakt med författarna. 

Orientador: Denise Bértoli Braga
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: A presente tese buscou contribuir para as reflexões sobre o uso do fórum digital para interações interculturais no ensino de línguas. A dimensão cultural no ensino de LE tem sido foco de debate teórico nos últimos anos. Influentes publicações têm enfatizado a importância de aprofundar a compreensão dos aspectos culturais da língua-alvo. Nesse sentido, as tecnologias digitais favorecem e potencialmente ampliam as trocas interculturais. Considerando esse contexto, o presente estudo, sob uma perspectiva comunicativa de ensino, objetivou analisar a experiência intercultural entre alunos universitários brasileiros, aprendizes da língua espanhola, e falantes nativos da Argentina através do fórum digital, buscando compreender seus impactos, assim como a dinâmica e a natureza das interações on-line. As perguntas que nortearam esta investigação estão organizadas em dois eixos teóricos: as três primeiras priorizam as questões culturais na prática do ensino de LE e as duas últimas enfocam a dinâmica das interações em fóruns digitais. Embora vários autores sustentem que as interações on-line com falantes nativos provêem um contexto rico para a compreensão da cultura-alvo, a análise dos dados revelou que essa compreensão não foi um produto obtido automaticamente na interação com os interlocutores argentinos. De fato, a superficialidade dos aspectos culturais observados neste estudo mostrou que colocar interlocutores em contato nos canais digitais não é uma condição suficiente para atingir esse objetivo. Primeiramente, deve haver uma necessidade comunicativa comum entre os participantes que os motive e os envolva no diálogo. Existe, ainda, a dificuldade de alcançar os aspectos culturais que envolvam valores e crenças, que estão incorporados no comportamento dos membros da cultura-alvo. Nesse aspecto, observou-se, também, a necessidade de um professor-mediador e sua importância para conduzir ou, mesmo, direcionar as discussões
Abstract: This dissertation aims to contribute to the discussions on the use of e-forum for intercultural interactions in language teaching. The cultural dimension of foreign language teaching has been the focus of theoretical discussion in recent years. Influential publications have emphasized the importance of enhancing the understanding of cultural aspects in language teaching. In this sense, digital technologies promote and potentially expand intercultural exchange. Considering this context, this study aims to analyze, from the communicative language teaching perspective, the intercultural experience among Brazilian university students, learners of Spanish, and native speakers from Argentina through an e-forum. It focuses on the understanding of its impacts, as well as the dynamics and nature of online interactions. The questions that guide this research are organized into two theoretical axes: the first three prioritize cultural issues in foreign language teaching practice, and the last two focuses on the dynamics of interactions in digital forums. Although several authors argue that the online interactions with native speakers provide a rich context for understanding the target culture, the data analysis revealed that this understanding was not a by-product automatically obtained from interacting with Argentineans speakers. In fact, the superficiality of cultural aspects observed in this study showed that bringing interlocutors together through digital channels is not a sufficient condition to achieve this goal. First, there must be a common communicative necessity between participants that motivates and engages them in dialogue. There is also the difficulty of apprehending cultural aspects that encompasses values and beliefs, which are incorporated in the behavior of members of the target culture. In this aspect, this study pointed to the need of a teacher mediator and his important role in directing or leading the discussions in the intercultural interactions
Doutorado
Linguagem e Tecnologia
Doutora em Lingüística Aplicada

Esta tese estuda as possibilidades de propor discussões que dêem visibilidade às relações ético-políticas do indivíduo no coletivo assente na atividade da escuta do outro, operacionalizada em estratégias de problematização de dilemas éticos em informática, com estudantes de graduação, a partir de conteúdos de uma disciplina desse curso. A expressão “a munhu i munhu ka vanhu” é proveniente do Xirhonga (uma das línguas nacionais de Moçambique, também chamadas línguas bantu) e significa que “uma pessoa é uma pessoa através de outras pessoas” (tradução literária), ou que a pessoa se forma no coletivo; não estamos sozinhos no mundo, fazemos parte um do outro. Num contexto fortemente marcado pela oralidade a munhu i munhu ka vanhu é usada para orientar a aprendizagem dos conhecimentos (cognitiva), das habilidades e competências (técnica), na articulação com a vivência de valores e da ética com base na experimentação de situações de exposição ao conhecimento específico, permitindo inferir generalizações, conhecimentos universais, bem como interação entre as verdades particular e universal, buscando desenvolver o espírito de tolerância, a capacidade de entender e acolher o outro, o respeito pelas multiplicidades/diferenças e pela dignidade humana em prol de uma convivência harmoniosa. O estudo questiona se possibilidades de vivências, através de experimentações éticas, podem ser desenvolvidas/utilizadas no contexto escolar (no ensino presencial, semi-presencial, a distância), considerando a filosofia a munhu i munhu ka vanhu, a disponibilidade e pluralidade das TIC e a participação ativa dos estudantes, reconhecendo, analisando e acolhendo com “empatia” os posicionamentos/contribuições dos colegas frente a uma situação-problema no coletivo. A tese surge do questionamento do autor às suas práticas docentes instigadas pela imersão nas dinâmicas e vivências do Laboratório de Estudos em Linguagem, Interação e Cognição/Criação (LELIC/UFRGS) através do Projeto Civitas Moçambique-Brasil. A pesquisa sustenta-se na intervenção, pelo viés de in(ter)venção, adotando uma abordagem dialógica guiada pelos princípios orientadores da pesquisa em ciências humanas propostos por Bakhtin e seus comentadores. Os enunciados (orais e escritos, verbais e não-verbais) dos estudantes e do professor-pesquisador, produzidos no contexto interacional de construção e discussão dos dilemas éticos (em sala de aula presencial, no Forchat e as anotações no diário de campo) constituiram o objeto de análise e, foram apreciados dentro do quadro teórico que nos permitiu trabalhar a arquitetônica dialógica da relação eu-outro na perspectiva do ato responsável. Os resultados dão pistas para falar de uma experimentação (est)ética enquanto modo de trabalhar colaborativamente e como potência criadora. A estratégia de uso de dilemas éticos possibilita ressignificar a noção da educação como sistema de valores (valores éticos/morais, cognitivos, técnicos, sociais, culturais,…), podendo ser exercitada criticamente nas salas de aulas, em meio a interações complexas com o contexto problemático que envolve este, e considerando a participação ativa-responsiva dos estudantes, na construção e incorporação de novos conhecimentos ao seu sistema individual de valores, este agenciado ético-politicamente em benefício de uma relação empática e responsável com o coletivo.
This thesis studies the possibilities to propose discussions that give visibility to the ethical-political relations of the individual in the collective based in one-another listening activity, operationalized by ethical dilemmas strategies of questioning in computer science, with undergraduate students, from contents of a given subject in the same course. The expression "a munhu i munhu kana vanhu" comes from Xirhonga (one of the national languages of Mozambique, also called Bantu languages) and means "a person is a person through other people" (literary translation), or that the person is formed in the collective; we are not alone in the world, we are part of each other. In a context strongly marked by orality a munhu i munhu kana vanhu is used to guide the learning of knowledge (cognitive), skills and competences (technical), in articulation with experience of values and ethics based on experience of being self exposed to situations of the specific knowledge, allowing to infer generalizations, universal knowledge and interaction between the particular and universal truths seeking to develop the spirit of tolerance, the ability to understand and accept each other, respect for multiplicities/differences and human dignity for the sake of a harmonious coexistence. This research is wondering what approach possibilities of experiences through ethical trials, can be developed/used in the school context (in the classroom, blended and distance learning), considering the philosophy a munhu i munhu ka vanhu, in the context of availability and plurality of ICT and the active participation of students, recognizing, analyzing and accepting with "empathy" ideas/contributions from colleagues face to a problem situation in the collective? The thesis arises from the author's questioning on his teaching practices instigated by his immersion in its dynamic and experiences of Laboratório de Estudos em Linguagem, Interação e Cognição/Designing (LELIC/UFRGS) through Civitas Project Mozambique-Brazil. The research is based on intervention by means of in(ter)vention, adopting a dialogic approach guided by the guiding principles of research in the humanities proposed by Bakhin and his commentators. The enunciations (oral and written, verbal and non-verbal) of the students and the teacher, produced in the interaction context of construction and discussion of ethical dilemmas (classroom environment, Forchat and notes in logbook) constituted the object analysis and were appreciated within the theoretical framework that allowed us to work the architectural dialogic relationship I-other (one-another) in the perspective of act responsible. The results give clues to speak of ethics-esthetics experimentation as a way to work collaboratively and as creative power. The ethical dilemmas of using strategy enables reframe the notion of education as a value system (ethical values / moral, cognitive, technical, social, cultural, ...) and can be exercised critically in the classroom, through complex interactions with the learning environment challenges, and considering the active-responsive student participation in the construction and development of new knowledge in his/hers individual value system, intermediated ethical-politically in the benefit of an empathic and responsible relationship with the collective.

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The restoration of motion picture films in Brazil became an increasing activity in the 90’s with the introduction of digital tools. At the same time that brought an almost unlimited ability to intervene in the movies, the digital tools have also introduced a debate about the ethical nature involving the restoration of films. In this context, we highlight the restoration projects dedicated to the films of Cinema Novo. This work aims to verify to what extent the digital restoration has to affect the language elements of Glauber Rocha’s Terra em Transe, a film marked by great formal inventiveness. The analysis of the restoration of the film was marked by some of the concepts of Cesare Brandi, an author who sought to work with the issue of ethics in the fine arts field. Some issues related to ethics and to the concept of restoration as well as the historical trajectory of film restoration in Brazil are also discussed in the text.
A restauração de filmes no Brasil se tornou uma atividade mais sistemática a partir dos anos 1990, com a introdução das ferramentas digitais. Ao mesmo tempo em que trouxeram uma possibilidade quase ilimitada de intervenção nos filmes, as ferramentas digitais introduziram também um debate acerca da natureza ética envolvendo a restauração de filmes. Nesse contexto, se destacam os projetos de restauração dedicados aos filmes do Cinema Novo. Este trabalho pretende verificar em que medida a restauração digital vem a afetar os elementos de linguagem de Terra em Transe, de Glauber Rocha, filme marcado por uma grande inventividade formal. A análise da restauração do filme foi pautada por alguns dos conceitos de Cesare Brandi, autor que procurou trabalhar com a questão da ética no campo das artes plásticas. Algumas questões relacionadas à ética e à conceituação de restauração, bem como à trajetória histórica da restauração de filmes no Brasil, também são debatidas no texto.

M.Com. (South African and International Taxation)
The concept of permanent establishment (PE) is a fundamental concept in international tax law, as it establishes the right to tax business profits of non-resident entities in the country where business activities are carried out. This study was motivated by the challenges governments and business entities face in the allocation of taxing rights in the digital economy. This study considers the history and the meaning of the current Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) permanent establishment concept, and analyses its effectiveness in the digital economy. The digital economy and the event of e-commerce have changed the way in which business transactions are conducted and how multinational entities are structured. The digital economy has created different means of value creation for business entities, and new challenges are being confronted internationally regarding the taxation of such value created. This directly affects revenue collection by governments globally. A largely qualitative approach was undertaken in conducting the research. This included a detailed reading on the topic to support any inferences and conclusions. This study finds that the current OECD concept of permanent establishment is no longer an effective concept in the current digital economy. The event of e-commerce is challenging the core elements of “physical presence” and “fixed place of business”. Large multinational entities have low effective tax rates on their profits, and governments are being deprived of tax revenue that would normally have resulted from increased productivity. Data and data collection are important value creators in the digital economy, and there is an increasing need to tax digital company profits. The OECD Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) Project announced in 2013, means to address resultant issues, such as tax-base erosion, tax abuse, and artificial avoidance of permanent establishment status. This study concludes that either the concept of permanent establishment needs to be redefined to ensure its effectiveness in the digital economy, or a completely new concept needs to be created.

abstract: Total digital media advertising spending of $72.5 billion surpassed total television Ad spending of $71.3 billion for the first time ever in 2016. Approximately $39 billion, or 54% of the digital media advertising spend, involved pre-programmed software that purchased Ads on behalf of a buyer in Real-Time Bidding (RTB) settings. A major concern for Ad buyers is sub-optimal spending in RTB settings owing to biases in the attribution of customer conversions to Ad impressions. The purpose of this research is twofold. First, identify and propose a novel experimental design and analysis plan for to handling a previously unidentified and unaddressed source of endogeneity: count/quality simultaneity bias (CQB). Second, conduct a field study using data for Ad response rates, cost, and observed consumer behavior to solve for the profit maximizing daily Ad frequency per customer. One large online retailer provided data for Ad impressions, bid costs, response rates, revenue per visit, and operating costs for 153,561 unique users over 23 days. Unique visitors were randomly assigned to one of seven treatment groups with one, two, three, four, five, and six impressions per day limits as well as a final condition with no daily impression cap. Ordinary least square models (OLS) were fit to the data and a non-linear relationship between Ad impressions and site visits demonstrating declining marginal effect of Ad impression on site visits after an optimal point. The results of the field study confirmed the existence of negative CQB and demonstrated how my novel experimental design and analysis can reduce the negative bias in the estimate of impression quantity on customer response. Second, managers interested in improving the efficiency of advertising spend should restrict display advertising to only the highest quality inventory through specific site targeting and by leveraging direct buys and private marketplace deals. This strategy ensures that subsequent impressions are not of lower quality by restricting the pool of possible impressions from a homogenous set of high quality inventory.
Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2017

碩士
國立中山大學
企業管理學系研究所
101
Beginning in 2002, Digital Content Industry has been classified as high potential growth industry by the Government of Taiwan. Since then several development plans have been drawn up and promoted. One of these plans, Kaohsiung Software Park, governed by Export Processing Zone of Ministry of Economic Affairs, was set up in 2008. At the same time Kaohsiung City Government (KCG) also classified Digital Content Industry as a primary industry to be developed. However, vigorous development in Kaohsiung is yet to be seen. We have found that most of studies focusing on analysis of whole Digital Content Industry or case study of Core Company involved, seldom focusing on the investment promotion process carried out by local governments. This study combines three kinds of research methods, which are studies survey, on-site observation and in depth interview. The development process of the Digital Content Industry by the Kaohsiung City Government was used for this research. By analyzing the acquired information, we look to find the successful actions and strategies formulated and adjustments made when obstacles were encountered by a local government. This study reveals that Kaohsiung City provides several objective conditions to the companies seeking appropriate location for their branch office. But companies are not gathering in Kaohsiung due to several factors, such as the general industrial environment leaning toward manufacturing for a long time and lack of source of talent. The KCG should keep attracting prominent companies, training more talents and differentiate itself from other cities by promoting our competitive advantages. Furthermore, the process of how KCG attracted prominent companies to Kaohsiung has been categorized into the “Model for drawing Japanese Companies” and “Model for drawing American Companies”. The study has practical value and provides reference to other local governments and basic information for further study.

The objective of our paper is to determine the effect of piracy advice from various sources on music consumer behavior. Specifically, does it matter if the source of advice has a stake in the outcome of the piracy decision? Does it matter if the source of advice has a social tie with the advisee? Accordingly, we conduct a lab experiment using teenagers and their parents as subjects, increasing the realism of the context by sampling potential pirates and their parents. Treatments represent various sources of piracy advice (e.g., the teen’s parent, a record label, or an external regulator). Subjects make decisions playing our new experimental game – The Piracy Game – extended from the volunteer’s dilemma literature. Interestingly, subjects respond negatively to advice from record labels over time, purchasing fewer songs as compared to other sources such as the subject’s parent. The existence of a social tie between the advisor and the subject assists in mitigating piracy, especially when a parent is facing potential penalties due to his/her child’s behavior. An external regulator, having no social tie or stake in the decision, provides the least credible source of advice, leading to the greatest amount of piracy. Our analyses not only provide managerial insights but also develop theoretical understanding of the role of social ties in the context of advice.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
商學研究所
106
As the advancement of the techniques of personal data collection, digital consumers are increasingly faced with the dilemma of choosing between protecting personal privacy and the benefits of online services, which usually require the access to users’ personal data. This research aims to explore the pattern of Taiwanese digital consumers’ behaviors when they are making decisions whether to compromise privacy in exchange for the benefits of online services and find the factors causing privacy paradox from qualitative behavior analysis. This research was focused on the Facebook users’ behaviors regarding to logging in via Facebook accounts on third-party websites and apps. By observing and analyzing the users’ decisions, the attitude and decision-making processes will be discovered. Based on the in-depth interviews with 15 interviewees and the analysis, it was found that only a tiny minority of interviewees would like to provide access to sensitive personal information for the convenience, while a generous portion of the interviewees use the services selectively and tend to protect or not to disclose sensitive personal information.

Orientação: Márcia Karina da Silva ; co-orientação: Manuel Tavares
A presente investigação tem como objetivo compreender como os professores de Língua Portuguesa integram a linguagem da comunicação pela Internet em sua prática pedagógica, uma vez que a linguagem utilizada na comunicação virtual demonstra variações linguísticas na expectativa oposta a Língua Portuguesa em sua forma padrão e, neste contexto, a escola e o professor de português representam intermédios possíveis entre o escrito padrão e o virtual. Após processo investigativo que contou com recolha de dados documentais e entrevistas semiestruturadas, constata-se que os professores de Língua Portuguesa ressaltam as diferenças da linguagem na comunicação pela Internet em relação à forma padrão na mesma precisão em que defendem o uso da tecnologia no ambiente escolar. Afirmam que, neste contexto, o papel do professor de português concentra-se no preparo do estudante para o uso da forma padrão, permitindo uma abertura em sua prática à linguagem na comunicação virtual. Neste sentido, defendem que o posicionamento adequado do professor de Língua Portuguesa diante do ensino da língua padrão e sua relação com a linguagem virtual, centraliza-se numa abertura para um estudo linguístico na perspectiva dos possíveis usos sociais da língua, possuindo como referencial a forma padrão da Língua Portuguesa.
This research aims to understand how the Portuguese language teachers integrate the language of Internet communication in its pedagogical practice, since the language used in virtual communication demonstrates linguistic variations on the opposite expectation in Portuguese language and its standard form, in this context, the school and the teacher of Portuguese represent possible intermediate between the written standard and the virtual. After investigative process that featured documentary data collection and interviews semiestructured, notes that the Portuguese language teachers emphasize the differences of language in communication by Internet in relation to the standard form in the same precision in defending the use of technology in the school environment. They claim that, in this context, the role of the teacher of Portuguese focuses on student preparation for the use of the standard way, allowing an opening in their practice to virtual communication language. In this sense, say that the proper positioning of the Portuguese language teacher before the default language education and its relationship with the virtual language centers in an opening for a linguistic study in the perspective of possible social uses of language, possessing as standard referential of the Portuguese language.

Dissertation presented as the partial requirement for obtaining a Master's degree in Information Management, specialization in Marketing Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence has been gaining ground over time, and Intelligent Virtual Assistants (IVAs) are no exception, as people realize that they can be using the time and effort spend on daily tasks, more efficiently, by trusting them to these technological auxiliaries. IVAs are being used by people all over the world to change channels, play songs, turn up the volume, reading text messages and emails, calling someone or even grocery shopping when something’s missing, among many other purposes. However, previous studies show that the concerns with data privacy from using these emerging technologies is growing, since in order to work, these AI assistants need constant access to the devices’ microphones, cameras or even locations. Faced with this dilemma, what weights the most on the scale: The users’ commodity, or their information’s privacy and security? In this research, we used PLS-SEM in order to analyze the barriers and drivers that people take into consideration when having to choose if they would use or not Intelligent Virtual Assistants, and what influences this decision, based on four variables: Familiarity, Trust, Satisfaction and Privacy. Our findings conclude that consumers decidedly value their commodity, having familiarity and satisfaction influencing positively the intentions of use, and having satisfaction being highly influenced by trust. At the same time, it also shows that privacy is an inhibitor to many consumers, affecting negatively the usage perception, as expected.

博士
國立中央大學
企業管理學系
105
As a major innovation of the 21st century, digital convergence prevails within informatized societies and has been instrumental in ushering the digital era. Digital convergence has reshaped various aspects of human life such as employment, education, entertainment, healthcare, and communication, as well as the structure and development of wider society. Economic powers including the United States, European nations, United Kingdom, China, and Japan have promoted digital convergence as a national development policy because its development is associated with quality of life in these countries. Therefore, a well-established environment for digital convergence comprising relevant development policies, infrastructures, and laws and regulations must be developed by the government. Moreover, although the socialization of an innovation represents improved quality of life, it also poses a threat to the stakeholders of the original target market, causing intergroup conflict. Such conflict normally engenders barriers to the enhancement of quality of life, wider gaps from the quality of life of other countries, and substantial economic losses. Taiwan is yet to experience a major breakthrough in digital convergence. Policies and programs concerning the development of digital convergence are enormous enterprises. It is crucial for the government to manage such enterprises effectively and strengthen the information and telecommunications industry chain, thereby furthering digital convergence on a national scale. Such a national initiative is typically formulated by a decision-making team composed of experts from business, governmental, and educational organizations; however, the opinions of these decision-makers tend to diverge because of differences in professional backgrounds. Therefore, this study aims to explicate the dilemmas concerning the development of digital convergence and issues associated with the underlying value chain, and synergize the views of specialists from different professions. A literature review is conducted on the socialization of innovations, discontinuous innovation, and dilemmas between value networks and innovation to propose a socio-institutional theory of discontinuous innovation. Semistructured interviews are administered to experts from business, governmental, and educational organizations to explore and compile their opinions on policies for the development of digital convergence in Taiwan. The rationale behind each opinion is elucidated and analyzed from various perspectives to clarify similarities and dissimilarities among the opinions. The findings of this study are expected to further decision-makers’ understanding of diverging views on digital convergence development in Taiwan and of what causes such disagreement. Following the interview analysis, the influence of social identity and differences among social institutions are investigated. Empirical data analysis shows that for the policy on “promoting the convergence of televisions and communications”, low cohesion exists between experts from industry and government regarding launching mobile value-added services and facilitating the investment and development of digital convergence industries). Furthermore, low cohesion existed between experts from industry and academia regarding expediting the digitization of cable and terrestrial televisions and facilitating the investment and development of digital convergence industries. For the policy on “harmonizing laws and environments for digital convergence”), considerable differences in opinions were found between experts from industry and government and between those from industry and academia regarding altering regulations on telecommunications, radio, and television and completing the legal framework of digital convergence and passing laws on digital convergence. These findings are highly consistent with the socio-institutional theory of discontinuous innovation proposed in this study and actual related circumstances. Finally, based on the aforementioned theory comprising institutional entrepreneurship, common standards, embedded institutional contradictions, potential specifications, potential technical competition, collaborative competition, and exogenous bumps, this study argues that new societies form as a result of interactions between ecological processes. Innovations and new societies cannot exist without relevant theories, and evolving new societies by introducing innovation is not feasible because the private sector remains ahead of the public sector in terms of innovation. Moreover, because disagreements over the socialization of innovations originate from a variety of domains, policymakers tend to combine conflicting views. However, to achieve success, policies on innovation socialization should be implemented in order of priority and in a progressive manner.