Thèses : « Dignity of the child »

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Reed, Paula Louise. « Dignity and the child in hospital ». Thesis, University of Surrey, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441714.

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Nnajiofor, Uchechukwu [Verfasser], et Matthias [Akademischer Betreuer] Möhring-Hesse. « Regulation of child labour in Nigeria : one of the ways to realise the basic needs and dignity of the child / Uchechukwu Nnajiofor ; Betreuer : Matthias Möhring-Hesse ». Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/118040579X/34.

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CARNEIRO, FILHO Humberto João. « De Persona a Pessoa : o reconhecimento da dignidade do nascituro perante a ordem jurídica brasileira ». Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2012. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/10198.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
This dissertation intends to analyze the attribution of the juridical category of “person” to the unborn child in the context of the juridical-philosophical formulation of meanings attributed to the term person, from the Roman tradition until the context of the crisis of legal security by codification in which the dignity is juridically chosen as a value of the human person. In Roman law, the concept of the person (persona) was not endowed from the abstract, how it was attributed by the Pandectistic of the 19th century, but embraced the human being concretely in his multiple dimensions, inclusively considering itself as such the unborn child, to which was guaranteed the rights in view of his birth. In regard of axiom conceptus pro iam nato habetur, based in the roman treatment given to the unborn, emerged two interpretations: one, more faithful to the Justinian tradition, which recognizes the concrete reality of the unborn child and equates him to the already born, and the other, abstract, sustained by the Pandectistic and based on the thoughts of Savigny, which considers the parity between the unborn and the born simply a mere fiction. This latter interpretation influenced the elaboration of many civil codes like the German and the Brazilian Code of 1916, both of which determined that the natural personhood can be attributed only when the child is born alive. The idea of personhood while a simple legal attribution withdraws itself from the philosophical tradition that considers the person in his ontological aspects, a fact that deserves to be recognized as primary in the juridical planning. The principle of human dignity, incorporated in the Brazilian Constitution of 1988 as the foundation of the Republic, serves as an indication of an ‘ethical personalism’ which reflects itself in personal rights, providing elements to enlarge the semantic content of the juridical concept of person, recognizing the personal dignity of the unborn child, as done in the ‘Pact of San Jose, Costa Rica’ (American Convention on Human Rights), to singularize the juridical personhood as a right and the unborn child as a person. Keywords:

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Hicks, Vernae Elaine. « MINORITIES' PERCEPTIONS OF CHILD PROTECTIVE SERVICES ». CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/347.

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The study examined minority persons’ views and experiences with Child Protective Services (CPS) in the community. This study used a qualitative design with face‑to‑face interviews with 12 participants in the community. This study used the “Post‑Positivist” data analysis, which is qualitative in evaluation and explained each participant’s subjective reality. The study found that most participants were satisfied with the results and were dissatisfied with the process in and of itself. Overall the study found that most participants felt that there was some sort of a disconnect with social workers in reference to cultural competency. Miscommunication between the social workers at agencies and parents could have played a significant role in why participants had these experiences. However, most participants felt that the agency helped with services that ultimately left the participants feeling a sense of awareness about the purpose of the agency. The study suggests that implementing a program that would allow the community to be informed of all the programs that Child Protective Services can provide be critical in aiding and empowering the members of the community and in helping reduce CPS caseloads significantly.

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Mittmann, Sérgio Augusto. « Dignidade humana, nascituro e anencefalia ». Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2011. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/3485.

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Os recentes avanços da biotecnologia têm causado forte impacto em diferentes áreas do conhecimento, impulsionando a indagação quanto aos limites éticos a serem respeitados, dando origem à Bioética, denominação que se generalizou como compreensiva de todos os fenômenos relacionados às consequências dos referidos avanços, mesmo que verificados em distintos campos. Pois bem, com a revolução tecnocientífica restou possível verificar a existência, durante a gestação, de fetos portadores de anencefalia. O problema é estabelecerse o aborto (antecipação do parto), quando diagnosticado feto anencéfalo, fere ou não a dignidade humana. Na atualidade, destaca-se no Supremo Tribunal Federal a discussão sobre o assunto na Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental 54-8 – proposta pela Confederação Nacional dos Trabalhadores na Saúde – a qual busca consolidar que antecipação terapêutica do parto de feto anencéfalo não é aborto sob o manto da inviabilidade, apontando o fato da gestante sofrer tortura psicológica, além da liberdade pessoal dos profissionais da saúde nesses casos. Não obstante, a pesquisa pretende buscar uma resposta sob o prisma constitucional, à luz da dignidade da pessoa humana. O embasamento teórico será o de obras no ramo da bioética, sobretudo de matriz teórica kantiana, como intuito de aceitar o ser humano como uma realidade moral. Será abordado sob o prisma moral, filosófico e jurídico acerca da dignidade humana, com ênfase nos valores sociais da sociedade contemporânea, mapeando, ainda, sobre o início da vida humana, aquisição dos direitos da personalidade, as fases do desenvolvimento do embrião humano, por fim verificando o direito a vida.
Recent advances in biotechnology have made a strong impact on different areas of knowledge, boosting the inquiry regarding the ethical limits to be respected, giving rise to Bioethics, a designation that was generalized as a comprehensive of all phenomena related to the consequences of these advances, even if observed in different fields. Well, with the techno-scientific revolution it remained possible to verify the existence of carrying embryos anencephaly during pregnancy. The problem is to establish whether abortion (earlier delivery) when diagnosed anencephalic fetus, hurts or not human dignity. Currently, there is the Supreme Court discussion on the subject of the Arguing of 54-8 Violation of Fundamental Precept - proposed by the National Confederation of Workers in Health - whichseeks to consolidate the therapeutic delivery anticipation of anencephalic fetus is not abortion under the cloak of unfeasibility, pointing to the fact of the pregnant woman suffering psychological torture, beyond the personal freedom of health professionals in these cases. Nevertheless, the research intends to seek a response under constitutional perspective according the principles of human dignity. The theoretical foundation will be works in the field of bioethics, especially kantian theoretical framework, in order to accept the human being as a moral reality. Will be addressed through the moral, philosophical and legal perspective concerning human dignity, with emphasis on social values of contemporary society, mapping, about the beginning of human life, acquisition of personality rights, the development phases of the human embryo, finally verifying the right to life.

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Clemente, Aleksandro. « A legalização do aborto no Brasil : uma questão de Saúde Pública ? » Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6136.

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This paper discusses the controversial issue of the abortion legalization in Brazil based on careful analysis of the argument that this would be a necessary measure to address a public health problem, which is: the high rate of maternal mortality caused by the illegal practice of abortion. The subject studied in this academic research seeks to know whether this argument - that the abortion legalization is a necessary measure to address a public health problem - resists a more accurate and rational analysis, even if legal abortion could be upheld by Brazilian legal system. This paper seeks to investigate some hypothesis: 1st - Legalizing abortion is a necessary or proper to reduce the high rate of maternal mortality in Brazil and perfectly compatible with our legal system; 2nd - Legalizing abortion is a necessary or proper to reduce the high rate of maternal mortality in Brazil, however, it have no support in the Brazilian legal system, 3rd - Abortion legalization is no solution to reduce the maternal mortality rate in Brazil, but the Brazilian legal system have no obstacles to such an extent , 4th - The abortion legalization is not a solution to reduce the maternal mortality rate in Brazil and also finds no support in the Brazilian legal system. We analyzed the issue of abortion legalization in Brazil in a rational and objective way, studying Brazilian and also other countries legislation considering the subject. Furthermore, the findings obtained in this study are based on surveys and statistics compiled and disseminated by various institutions - public and private - as well as government agencies, including the Brazilian Health Ministry
O presente trabalho debate a polêmica questão da legalização do aborto no Brasil a partir da análise criteriosa do argumento de que esta seria uma medida necessária para solucionar um problema de saúde pública, qual seja: o alto índice de mortalidade materna ocasionado pela prática do aborto clandestino. A problemática estudada nesta pesquisa acadêmica busca saber se esse argumento - o de que a legalização do aborto é uma medida necessária para solucionar um problema de saúde pública resiste a uma análise mais apurada e racional e, ainda, se a legalização do aborto encontra amparo no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. As hipóteses que esse trabalho busca investigar são as seguintes: 1ª Legalizar o aborto é uma medida necessária ou adequada para reduzir o alto índice de mortalidade materna no Brasil e perfeitamente compatível com o nosso ordenamento jurídico; 2ª Legalizar o aborto é uma medida necessária ou adequada para reduzir o alto índice de mortalidade materna no Brasil, porém, não encontra amparo no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro; 3ª A legalização do aborto não é solução para reduzir o índice de mortalidade materna no Brasil, embora no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro não haja óbices para tal medida; 4ª A legalização do aborto não é solução para reduzir o índice de mortalidade materna no Brasil e também não encontra amparo no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Procuramos analisar a questão da legalização do aborto no Brasil de modo racional e objetivo, estudando a legislação brasileira acerca do assunto e também a legislação de outros países. Além disso, as conclusões obtidas neste trabalho se baseiam pesquisas e estatísticas elaboradas e divulgadas por diversas instituições pública e privadas - bem como por órgãos governamentais, dentre eles o Ministério da Saúde do Brasil

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Oliveira, Denis Augusto de. « O direito à adoção pelo casal homossexual sob o prisma dos princípios constitucionais da dignidade humana e da igualdade no contexto brasileiro ». Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2016. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/6279.

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Nesta dissertação, tem-se como objetivo analisar os argumentos pelos quais se passou a conferir ao casal homossexual o direito à adoção. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto optou-se, portanto, por trabalhar com pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Apesar da omissão legislativa no tocante à permissão da adoção por casais homossexuais, utilizando-se da nova hermenêutica constitucional, que preza pela máxima efetividade dos direitos fundamentais, dentre os quais, o da igualdade e da dignidade humana, não há como negar o direito à maternidade ou paternidade a referidos casais, pois a orientação sexual, como parte integrante da personalidade humana, não pode ser utilizada como meio de discriminação do cidadão, devendo ser respeitada e incentivada por todos e, principalmente, pelo Estado. Em decisão pioneira no Rio Grande do Sul, o Tribunal de Justiça gaúcho confirmou a decisão de um juiz de direito da Comarca de Bagé/RS, deferindo a adoção de criança à companheira da mãe dos menores. A paternidade/maternidade não está relacionada com a orientação sexual das pessoas, sendo, na realidade, uma questão de gênero, de papel, que pode ser perfeitamente exercida por dois homens ou por duas mulheres, sem nenhum prejuízo para quem dela se aproveita. A colocação da criança ou adolescente em família substituta, formada pelo casal homossexual, é mais uma forma de concretização do princípio constitucional da máxima proteção do menor, pois lhe possibilita acesso a todos os direitos fundamentais que lhe são garantidos pela Constituição Federal, tais como a vida, a saúde, a alimentação, a educação, o lazer, a profissionalização, a cultura, a dignidade, o respeito, a liberdade e a convivência familiar, o que com certeza não encontraria caso permanecesse abandonado nas ruas.
This dissertation aims to analyze the arguments by which homosexual couples have been given the right of adoption. In order to achieve the proposed objective, it was decided to develop a bibliographic and documentary research. Despite the legislative omission regarding the permission of adoption by homosexual couples, using the new constitutional hermeneutics, that values the maximum effectiveness of fundamental rights, among which the equality and human dignity, there is no denying the right to maternity or paternity to those couples, since sexual orientation, as part of the human personality, can not be used as a means of citizen discrimination. Besides, it must be respected and encouraged by all and especially by the State. In pioneer decision in Rio Grande do Sul, the State Court upheld the decision of a judge of the District of Bagé / RS, which has granted child adoption to the minors’ mother's companion. Fatherhood/motherhood is not related to sexual orientation of people. In fact, it is a matter of gender, of role, that can be perfectly carried out by two men or two women, without prejudice to anyone who benefits from it. The placement of a child or adolescent in a foster family, formed by homosexual couples, is another embodiment of the constitutional principle of maximum protection of the minor, for it provides access to all fundamental rights that are guaranteed by the Federal Constitution, such as life, health, food, education, leisure, professionalization, culture, dignity, respect, freedom and family life. Besides, the minor would not be able to have this all if s/he remained abandoned in the streets.

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Miland, Sofia, et Katrine Thelander. « Sjuksköterskors erfarenhet av övervakade urinprov på ungdomar inom barn- och ungdomspsykiatrisk öppenvård ». Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Omvårdnad, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-72976.

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Bakgrund: Barn och ungdomar inom barn- och ungdomspsykiatrisk öppenvård testas för droganvändning genom övervakat urinprov av en sjuksköterska antingen slumpmässigt eller i samband med introduktion av behandling med läkemedel eller utredning. Det finns sparsam vetenskaplig kunskap kring detta ämne från ett sjuksköterskeperspektiv och inte alls från barnens perspektiv. Enligt socialstyrelsens riktlinjer för missbruk och droger finns det risk att man utför övervakat urinprov slentrianmässigt då det kan bli en rutin som används utan reflektion. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att belysa sjuksköterskors erfarenheter kring övervakat urinprov av ungdomar inom barn och ungdomspsykiatrisk öppenvård. Metod: En kvalitativ intervjustudie med ett induktivt förhållningssätt har använts. Åtta sjuksköterskor från barn och ungdomspsykiatrisk öppenvård har ingått i studien. Materialet transkriberades och analyserades i enlighet med Graneheim och Lundman (2004) genom konventionell innehållsanalys. Dessutom diskuteras metodvalet utifrån Graneheim, Lindgren och Lundman (2017) för att öka trovärdigheten. Resultat: Detta i tre slutkategorier; Att två världar krockar, Att individanpassa utefter behov och relation, Att bli inspirerad och motiverad av patienter och föräldrar. Konklusion: Sjuksköterskor som har erfarenheter av övervakat urinprov träffar patienter på olika sätt, ibland planerat där en relation finns och man har ett omvårdnadsperspektiv men ibland där man träffar ungdomen på ordination av annan behandlare enbart för att utföra en åtgärd. Det finns rutiner som man skall följa i samband med ett övervakat urinprov men vi kan konkludera att det sker anpassningar utifrån att bevara ungdomens integritet. Vi kan också konstatera att sjuksköterskorna motiveras av att arbeta med barn och ungdomar och deras familjer och verkar trivas bäst där det finns utrymme för att skapa relationer och tillit med patienterna

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Ekwomadu, Christian. « Dying with Dignity ». Thesis, Linköping University, Centre for Applied Ethics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9201.

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The concept of dignity has beeen one of the ambiguous concepts in biomedical ethics. Thus the ambiguous nature of this concept has been extended to what it means to die with dignity. This research work is an investigation into the complexity in the understanding of "dying with dignity" in Applied Ethics.

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Ridell, Jonathan. « Maturing with Dignity ». Thesis, Umeå universitet, Arkitekthögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-171703.

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Buttlar, Magdalena. « Dignity in bioethics ». Thesis, Boston University, 2009. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27611.

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Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.
PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
2031-01-01

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Syzek, Benjamin H. « Dignity and human enhancement ». Connect to resource, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/28384.

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Thesis (Honors)--Ohio State University, 2007.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages: contains 36 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 36). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.

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REIS, SUELY PEREIRA. « DIGNITY AND EXTRAPATRIMONIAL DAMAGES ». PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=12271@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Tendo como fundamento a Constituição brasileira e como foco o direito fundamental, a responsabilidade, a teoria de sistema de regras e princípio, e como fato inegável a constante evolução do uso da Constituição, assim como o somatório de suas partes na tentativa de melhor explorar o campo jurídico, este trabalho terá como base sólida a nítida evolução humana. Entretanto, seria irresponsabilidade não citar que tais sistemas e suas conseqüências suscitam enormes questionamentos e controvérsias, mormente no âmbito judicial e do comportamento humano/ciências psíquicas e direito. De fato, tal evolução funcional envolve todas as culturas e suas pessoas, assim como a própria evolução mundial, facilitando o convívio humano dentro das normas que regem o contexto social, mas, ao mesmo tempo, tanto coibindo como exacerbando o individualismo. Conseqüentemente as pessoas vinculadas ou submetidas a essas normas podem sofrer alguma forma de dano que será compreendido e julgado de acordo com a interpretação das regras e princípios constitucionais, diante do fato em questão e das pessoas envolvidas. Neste ínterim, o presente estudo analisa, em linhas gerais, o efeito da evolução no uso da Constituição e tentativa de somatório da responsabilidade, das regras e princípios da Constituição e suas interpretações diante do comportamento humano no meio social e individual, a estruturação do direito nessas condições e o amparo jurídico para a situação descrita.
On the basis of the Brazilian Constitution, and focusing on fundamental rights, on liability, on the rules and principles system theory, while considering the undeniable fact of the constant evolution of the use of the Constitution, as well as the sum of its parts in an attempt to better explore the legal field, this thesis will have as its solid base the clear human evolution. However, it would be neglectful not to mention that such systems and its consequences provoke serious issues and controversies, especially in the judicial sphere and in the fields of psycho-social behavior sciences and law. Indeed, such functional evolution involves all cultures and peoples, as well as world evolution itself, on the one hand facilitating human coexistence in accordance with norms that regulate the social context, but on the other hand, at the same time restraining and exacerbating individualism. Consequently, people bound or subject to said norms may suffer some kind of loss or damage that will be understood and judged according to the interpretation of the constitutional rules and principles, as applied to the fact at issue and the individuals involved. In this context, the present study analyzes, in general lines, the effect of the evolution in the use of the Constitution and the attempt to sum liability, rules and principles of the Constitution and its interpretations as applied to human behavior in the individual and social environments, as well as the structuring of law in these conditions and the legal support for the described situation.

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Popa, Ana. « Sex, Love and Dignity ». Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för design, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-31161.

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Sex and disability is a subject which is poorly discussed in today's society. Sex as pleasure for disabled is widely ignored and recommended to be avoided since society believes that people with disabilities are vulnerable to sexual abuse. In contrast, studies show that the vulnerability is a result of disabled dis-empowerment. Accordingly, in today's market, there are few sex products intended to people with disabilities. Can disable people who don't have feeling below the waist trigger the sexual pleasure using other senses? With millions of specific tactile receptors located all over the body, people are sensitive to pressure, temperature, limb position, pain, and vibration. Depending on the number of receptors the sensitivity increases. Therefore there are more erogenous zones than genitals. As a result, it was designed Solo, an inclusive sexual toy for exploring and stimulating erogenous body areas. Solo uses warm and cold impulses, smooth air pressure and vibration. It is coordinated by an app, where the user can change intensities and connect with a partner. Solo was inspired by people with disabilities, by the need of receiving and giving love and the difficulty to do it in the traditional way. It was created with the aim to provide a sexual experience where the disability is not a problem but a resource.

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Nene, Bi Arsène Désiré. « L’effectivité des droits de l’enfant en côte d'Ivoire : entre normes internationales et réalités locales ». Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3034.

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L’effectivité des droits de l’enfant en Côte d’Ivoire est soumise à une tension constante et fragile entre les normes internationales qui proclament ces droits et assurent leur garantie et les réalités locales qui sont celles d’un pays en développement. De surcroît, la Côte d’Ivoire a rencontré depuis plus de dix ans de graves problèmes d’instabilité politique et sociale à cause d’une crise armée qui a déstabilisé les régimes de protection dans tous les domaines où ceux-ci existaient auparavant. La situation de la protection des droits de l’enfant, essentiellement d’origine internationale et placée à ce titre, sous un contrôle international pouvait-elle échapper à ce contexte ? La thèse montre que l’intégration dans le droit national ivoirien des normes internationales de protection à travers une large participation de la Côte d’Ivoire à la plupart des instruments protégeant tant les droits de l’Homme en général que les droits de l’enfant en particulier, de même que la traduction nationale de ces droits selon les exigences constitutionnelles dans une importante législation pourraient donner une image d’effectivité. Cette image est cependant fausse. L’effectivité de ces droits, lorsqu’elle est mise à l’épreuve des réalités du pays, tombe sous le poids des manifestations des violations aussi diverses qu’inacceptables. C’est pourquoi des mesures pour une effectivité améliorée sont préconisées. Leur mise en œuvre pourrait garantir un meilleur avenir à tous les enfants de la Côte d’Ivoire
The effectiveness of children’s rights in Ivory Coast is subject to a constant and fragile tension between the international standards that proclaim these rights and guarantee them and the local realities that are those of a developing country. In addition, for more than ten years, Ivory Coast has faced serious problems of political and social instability because of an armed crisis that has destabilized protection regimes in all areas where they previously existed. Could the situation of the protection of the rights of the child, mainly from international origin and placed under international control, escape this context? The thesis shows that the integration into Ivorian national law of international standards of protection through a wide participation of Ivory Coast in most instruments protecting both human rights in general and the rights of the child in particular, just as the national translation of these rights according to constitutional requirements into important legislation could give a sense of effectiveness. However, this feeling is fake. The effectiveness of these rights, when challenged by the realities of the country, falls under the weight of manifestations of violations as diverse as unacceptable. This is why measures for improved effectiveness are recommended. Their implementation could guarantee a better future for all children in Ivory Coast

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Shepherd, Benjamin James. « Does prostitution violate human dignity ? » Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2015. http://arro.anglia.ac.uk/700994/.

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Traditionally, the law has largely ‘understood’ and regulated prostitution on the basis of some form of moral reflection on the sale of sex. Such a reflection is evident in recent policy efforts to criminalise the sale and/or purchase of sex, as outlined in inter alia the so-called ‘Honeyball Report’. The report suggests that prostitution is a violation of human dignity, which leads to a call to action to criminalise the purchase of sex. This study engages with this proposition, and poses the question: ‘Does prostitution violate human dignity? There are three core themes of dignity identified across the literature, in human rights theory and in international human rights law, as well as in Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), grounded in an understanding that human dignity is inherent and inalienable in all persons. As the Universal Declaration on Human Rights and its associated international conventions recognize, this concept of inherent human dignity is the bedrock upon which human rights are founded. Modern conceptualisations of human dignity constructed by US scholars are appraised and three key descriptive elements of dignity; Inherence, Personal Inviolability and Autonomy are drawn together to form a model, called ‘IPA’ dignity. Thereafter, the idea of dignity violation is explored and examined using the jurisprudence of Article 3 ECHR to demonstrate judicial recognition of the idea of violation. This ‘violation’ of dignity as expounded examines various ways in which dignity may be violated. The model is critiqued, and it is established that in order to answer the hypothesis question, a descriptive model of dignity requires some normative framework in order that it be utilised to assess the dignity violation of sex workers in prostitution. The model is considered in a normative usage, according to the natural law theory of John Finnis in Natural Law and Natural Rights, in which Finnis sets out a normative call to action for the promotion of certain objective goods, the collective of which amounts to a life ‘worth pursuing’. To provide a sociological context for the study, the subject of prostitution is introduced as it is understood in the academic discipline of sociology, and relevant literature therein is reviewed around the central issue of what is termed here ‘the prostitution encounter’; that is, the sale/purchase of sexual services. A sociological explanatory model called the Gender and Male Violence Model (GMV) is justified as most appropriate for the study. Narratives taken from the seminal literature in the sociology of prostitution are analysed using a phenomenological method to consider the experiences of the sex worker of the prostitution encounter, and an evaluation is made as to potential modes of dignity violation within the prostitution encounter. This leads to an indication that the human dignity, modelled as IPA dignity and framed with the normative call to action of Finnis which directs that human agents should promote human flourishing and, a fortiori dignity, may be violated. Using these methods, the study concludes by indicating that prostitution may indeed violate human dignity.

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van, der Heide Mirjam. « Dignity as a performative concept ». Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2015. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/2b57248366c88a1e3ebea7fcf66efed8e2a8986a6fb59a8b111efcfb95bd3ab4/1095755/TWO_YEAR_EMBARGO_van_der_Heide_2015_Dignity_as_a_performative_concept.pdf.

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In my thesis I am looking at the way that dignity is used in political action, and how this can inform and enrich the way it is theorised. In the literature on dignity, there is suspicion and scepticism about the concept, whereas in protests it is used as a powerful and meaningful concept. Although there seems to be a discrepancy between these uses, the role of the concept of dignity in both domains is the same: it says something about how we ought to treat each other in virtue of a special quality. In the literature, dignity is conceptualised as something that we have, as a status concept, that is, as an inherent value. I will argue that instead we should focus on dignity as something we do, or as a performative concept. A performative concept sees dignity as something that is embodied and constituted through our doing. Therefore, it is better able to capture the way that dignity is experienced, the importance of the social and historical context in which it is used, and account for changes in the scope and meaning of dignity. It also becomes a politically much more interesting concept, because the account that we give of it matters politically, since the judgements and partialities that are present in every conception of dignity create inclusions and exclusions. It also means that dignity always has to be constructed and reiterated, which keeps open the possibility of iterating it differently, and consequently the meaning of dignity is not fixed or fixable.

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Miller, Jessica Rose. « Dignity in the biotechnological revolution ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11700.

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Dignity is the concept most commonly associated with the biotechnological revolution, and almost always used by conservatives in ethics and politics to justify constraining research into novel biotechnologies like cloning, genetic enhancement and life extension. At the same time, dignity is often criticised as inadequate to play such a fundamental role in future-facing bioethics. This thesis is a work at the intersection of applied ethics and politics, and seeks to address two main questions: whether dignity is a useless, hopelessly vague concept, and whether dignity is an inherently political, specifically conservative concept. This problem will be addressed by analysing the concept of dignity as it is found in bioethics policy and in everyday life. Using this conceptual analysis, a structure will be identified that both liberal and conservatives have in common meaning that dignity is not hopelessly vague. Despite having analogous structures, the argument in this thesis shows that the liberal and conservative conceptions of dignity are intractable and both support different positions in many arguments. The implication of this is that dignity will not be useful in building a consensus around policies in future-facing bioethics.

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Derenick, David Allen. « Architecture in defense of dignity ». College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/9018.

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Thesis (M.Arch.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.
Thesis research directed by: School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation Architecture. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Vuksanovic, Dean. « Empirical Foundations of Dignity Therapy : Comparing Dignity Therapy with Life Review for Palliative Care Patients ». Thesis, Griffith University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/382707.

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Approaching end of life is a time of significant change. The physical impacts of an advancing illness can be overwhelming, and this can be closely followed by psychological, social, existential, and spiritual contributors to distress and suffering. Palliative care patients also typically need to navigate complex healthcare systems, and face difficult decisions relating to medical, personal, family, and financial matters. Not surprisingly, sense of demoralisation and expressions of desire to die are particularly prevalent in this patient population. In order to meet these complex biopsychosocial needs, palliative care relies on active cooperation and coordination of a variety of health professionals, volunteers, and community representatives. Its key guiding principle is to help patients maintain sense of dignity throughout the dying process. However, there is evidence that palliative care clinicians may not have sufficient skills and confidence in optimally assessing and treating psychosocial, existential, and spiritual domains of distress. Furthermore, there is a need to better understand the acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions that are specifically tailored to palliative care patients. Dignity Therapy is one such promising intervention, as it is based on an empirical model of dignity in this patient population. It aims to address dignity-related distress by facilitating a creation of a lasting legacy document that is then typically shared with family or friends, and archived for future generations. Systematic reviews to date have found that Dignity Therapy has very high acceptability and satisfaction rates, variable feasibility, and generally uncertain effectiveness. Similar interventions such as Life Review also have the potential to demonstrate clinically meaningful patient outcomes but the relative lack of empirical evidence is a key barrier to their inclusion into standard palliative care practice. The overarching aim of this project was to conduct research that examined the efficacy of Dignity Therapy for palliative care patients by comparing this intervention to Life Review and a Waitlist Control Group. In order to achieve this aim, the first study involved developing a brief measure of Erik Erikson’s concepts of generativity and egointegrity that is suitable for use in palliative care settings. The second study was a Randomised Controlled trial that compared the efficacy of Dignity Therapy vs Life Review vs Waitlist Control Group on a range of outcome measures, including the newly-developed generativity and ego-integrity measure from the first study. The third study utilised qualitative research methods to further explore and better understand similarities and differences between Dignity Therapy and Life Review. The first study (N=143) demonstrated that the newly-developed measure of Erikson’s concepts generativity and ego-integrity is suitable for use with middle-aged and older adults. In the second study, Dignity Therapy was able to positively impact a sense of generativity and ego-integrity in a sample of 56 palliative care patients, when compared to Life Review and Waitlist Control groups. Creating a tangible legacy document seemed to bolster the sense of productivity, purpose, meaning, and acceptance. These outcomes were not replicated in recipients of Dignity Therapy after the waitlist period, though this group also had higher functional well-being and lower physical and psychological distress at baseline, and more frequently engaged in other memory/legacy activities. Dignity Therapy also had consistently positive therapeutic outcomes, as rated by patients and their families. This included improvements in the sense of dignity, meaning, and purpose; assistance with unfinished business; and helpfulness to family. Life Review had similarly high patient satisfaction ratings. The study did not demonstrate any meaningful changes in dignity-related distress; or physical, social, emotional, or functional well-being; following either intervention. Further qualitative analyses in the third study (N=56 palliative care patients who also participated in Study 2) showed that both Dignity Therapy and Life Review facilitated the reflection and affirmation of a variety of meaningful and important aspects of participants’ lives. Legacy documents were particularly facilitative of exploration of themes involving hope, resilience, and legacy. Themes involving interpersonal regrets, unfinished business, and aftermath concerns were less prevalent in Dignity Therapy compared to Life Review sessions, despite controlling for interview questions, session length, and therapist influences. Overall, this project introduced a new measure of generativity and ego-integrity and provided preliminary evidence of its suitability for use with patients receiving palliative care. Whilst previous studies have had challenges in demonstrating change on standardised outcome measures following Dignity Therapy, the newly developed generativity and ego-integrity measure showed differential improvement in patients receiving Dignity Therapy compared to Life Review. Qualitative analyses provided further insight into how each patient’s individual needs, vulnerabilities, preferences, and family circumstances may help to determine whether Dignity Therapy and/or Life Review might be appropriate and beneficial to them. Expanding the evidence base for such systematically developed psychotherapeutic interventions is essential in meeting complex psychosocial and emotional needs of palliative care patients.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Applied Psychology
Griffith Health
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Kadem, Sabine. « Le droit du plus faible comme principe d'interprétation judiciaire en droit civil de la personne ». Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0104.

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La faiblesse est partout et touche tout le monde. Lorsqu’elle se trouve dévoilée serévèle la vulnérabilité. Et c’est dans ce moment là que la faiblesse doit être qualifiéejuridiquement. Or comme toute qualification, elle doit obéir à des règles. Ces règles s’imposentà la présente étude comme premier fondement analytique. C’est en effet en partant du droitprivé, celui de la personne, que de premières règles garantissant les droits de « l’Homme »peuvent être identifiées. Celles-ci ont pour objet ce qui fait l’être humain, dans sa faiblesse.Elles en donnent une forme de définition, juridique, mais sans toute la profondeur d’uneapproche autrement que systémique, voire parfois systématique, au sens d’une régulationadministrativiste des droits. C’est aux entrecroisements théoriques, qui fondent la règle dedroit, que l’on peut saisir des hypothèses faisant être la règle de droit. Toutefois, c’est dans lapensée sous-jacente, que seul un langage de philosophie du droit saura révéler, le lieu où lafaiblesse trouvera sa correspondance la plus exigeante. Là elle rejoint les langagesontologique et métaphysique, qui font qu’elle « existe » au-delà de toute qualification juridique.D’une approche de philosophie du droit on retiendra donc que le droit du plus faible obéit àplusieurs règles communes, relevant d’une forme d’universalité, et que celles-ci peuventtrouver une véritable traduction en droit positif. C’est une forme de typologie de la faiblesseque l’on retrouve le plus souvent en pratique dans le discours du juge. C’est en invoquant lasentence du juge, dans sa souveraine interprétation judiciaire, que la faiblesse prend sadernière forme, celle que la personne se doit d’accepter pour faire valoir un droit
The weakness is everywhere and affects everybody. When she is revealed, showsitself the vulnerability. A this moment she must be legally qualified. Yet, as any qualification,her has to obey rules. So these impose upon the present study as first analytica l foundation.Indeed while leaving of the private law, that of the person, of first rules guaranteeing the rightsof " the Man " can be identified. These have for object what makes the human being, in hisweakness, in a way gives a shape of definition, legal, but without all the depth of an approachthan what systematism, even sometimes systematic, in the sense of a regulation“administrativiste” rights. It is in the theoretical intertwinings, that base the legal rule, whichwe can seize with hypotheses making the legal rule be. However, it is in the underlyingthought, that only a language of philosophy of the right/law will know how to reveal, that theweakness will find its most demanding correspondence. There she joins the ontological andmetaphysical languages, which make that she "exists". Of an approach of philosophy of theright/law we shall thus retain that the right of the weakest obeys several common rules, andbeing of a shape of universality, and that these can find a real translation in substant ive law. Itis a shape of typology of the weakness that we find most of the time in practice in the speechof the judge. While calling upon the judgment of the judge, in his ruler judicial interpretation,the weakness take its last shape, the one that the person owes accept to assert to right a“right”

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Matthews, Audrey. « Dignity therapy : a Scottish feasibility study ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29253.

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Dignity therapy, which has recently been developed to reduce psychosocial and spiritual distress in terminally ill patients, has stimulated substantial interest worldwide. This study aimed to explore the experiences of specialist palliative care patients in Scotland undertaking dignity therapy and to establish whether or not they would recommend it to fellow patients. Eight patients (seven female and one male) participated in the Dignity Psychotherapy Question Protocol (DPQP) followed by a semi-structured research interview. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim, before being analysed using a grounded theory approach to develop a provisional framework. The findings suggest that patients perceived dignity therapy in a predominantly positive light. They considered the patient-researcher rapport, in terms of listening and compassion, to be especially helpful and to have facilitated the therapeutic encounter. The analysis also identified four beneficial components of this therapy: a) looking back; b) sharing their memories; c) getting things off their chest; and d) putting their story on paper. Based on their experiences, the majority of patients reported that they would recommend this intervention to fellow patients. Whilst several of the benefits of dignity therapy reported by patients correspond to findings of previous dignity therapy studies, many also fit with benefits reported in the literature from other life review processes. Consequently, it is unclear if dignity therapy is unique as claimed. It is also unclear which features of the rapport were attributable to therapist-specific factors and which may be credited to the intervention itself. Results suggest dignity therapy is feasible for patients with advanced illness and may even benefit those without observable psychological distress. Nevertheless, given the small sample studied, further research is needed to corroborate these findings.

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Bedford, Daniel Jonathan William. « Constructing human dignity : an investment concept ». Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/18909.

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This thesis explores the meaning of human dignity in law and its potential value as a legal concept. It claims that existing methods of analysis are predominantly caught up with seeking a fixed and conventional meaning, which has proven difficult and has invariably led to claims that the concept is vague or vacuous. In this light, the thesis proposes a fresh method of conceptual analysis that progresses the current debate on the meaning of the concept in a more fruitful and productive direction. It seeks to shift the focus of analysis away from the formal search for a clear concept that is simply there to be applied or repeated, in favour of constructing the concept to respond to the shifting problems that emerge in life, as well as unlocking new pathways to promote more dynamic, rich, active and joyful modes of living. In this respect, it is argued that a concept of dignity should be assessed not by how well it reflects the past, but how it can be constructed to produce change that unlocks new potentialities and creative tendencies in the present. In deploying this methodology, the author seeks to construct a theoretically informed concept of human dignity that progresses beyond the limited focus on dignity as autonomy to encompass a more holistic, dynamic and interdependent view of human personality. The author explores a notion of dignity that he terms an ‘investment concept’. On this account, the value of human life is situated in its creative potential that is inherent, which requires investment from the community and the individual in order to be nurtured. It depends on a relational view of humanity that sees the creative potentiality of an individual as always unfolding in relation to others in the community. This potential is promoted through increasing the power of acting and rest for both the body and mind that is joyful rather than sad. This establishes a multifaceted view of humanity that moves beyond the mainstream separation of mind-body, independence-dependence, emotion-reason, in favour of a more joined up and connected perspective on humanity that recognises that humans are vulnerable beings whose development depends upon the relationships and connections of which they are always a part. The thesis explores the implication of this construction for the law in England and Wales, considering how the concept can be connected to existing legal pathways, as well as extending or unlocking new legal paths to create a better future for the most vulnerable. The process of connecting the concept to the existing legal framework is also treated as an important foundation for refining and enriching the concept by drawing on the complexity of human experience. In this sense, connecting human dignity to law is treated as a basis for reflecting on the way in which dignity can be refined, adapted or modified to address the concrete problems or experiences faced in life. The final part of the thesis explores the potential transformative implications of investment dignity for concepts that have been connected to human dignity, such as the rule of law and democracy, which affect the relationship between the individual and the community.

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Chatzipanagiotou, Matthildi. « Practicing the law of human dignity ». Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Juristische Fakultät, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17459.

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Die philosophischen Grundlagen der Meta-Dimension des Rechts auf Menschenwürde lösen eine Fragestellung aus, die die Grenzen der Disziplin des Rechts übertrifft: wie könnte das Transzendentale als ein Aspekt der Bedeutung von Menschenwürde dargestellt werden? Das Beharren auf der nicht-Bestimmung des Menschenbildes oder auf dem Begriff ‚Gott’ in der Präambel des Deutschen Grundgesetzes, wie es sich in der Deutschen Dogmatik widerspiegelt, gepaart mit dem Bestreben nach einer Fall-zu-Fall ad hoc Konkretisierung dessen, was Menschenwürde bedeutet, inspiriert diese Untersuchung von ‚etwas fehlt’ [‘something missing’]. In postmoderner Art und Weise beschreibt diese Geschichte das Gesetz der Menschenwürde als Trojanisches Pferd und bietet hermeneutische und literarische Grundlagen für eine affirmative Haltung gegenüber einer ''leeren'' Rede im juristischen Diskurs. Die Forschungsfrage erweckt und umkreist die polemisch verbrämten Begriffe von ‚Leere’ und ‚Black Box’: Warum erscheint der Rechtsbegriff der Menschenwürde ‚leer’? Oder wie ist er ‚leer’? Warum und wie ist er eine ‚Black Box’? Wie erscheinen Manifestationen des Konzepts abstrakt wie Universalien, aber im Einzelnen konkret? Die ontologischen, sprachlich-analytischen und phänomenologischen philosophischen Erkenntnisse, vorgestellt im ersten Kapitel, bilden die Linse, durch die fünf maßgebliche Fälle des Bundesverfassungsgerichtes – über Abtreibung, lebenslange Freiheitsstrafe, Transsexualität, staatliche Reaktion auf Terroranschläge und die Gewährleistung eines menschenwürdigen Existenzminimums – im zweiten Kapitel analysiert werden. Die philosophischen Quellen werden nicht als Momente im langen Verlauf der Menschenwürde in der Geschichte der Ideen eingeklammert.
The philosophical underpinnings of what may be called the meta-dimension of the law of human dignity trigger a question that surpasses the boundaries of the discipline of law: how could the transcendental as an aspect of human dignity meaning be portrayed? The insistence on non-determination of the Menschenbild [human image] or ‘God’ in the Preamble to the German Basic Law [Grundgesetz] reflected in German legal doctrine, paired with the commitment to case-by-case ad hoc concretization of what human dignity means inspire this story of ‘something missing’. In postmodern fashion, this story portrays the law of human dignity as a Trojan Horse and provides hermeneutic and literary foundations for an affirmative stance towards ‘emptiness’ talk in legal discourse. The research question rekindles and twists polemically framed ‘emptiness’ and ‘black box’ contentions: Why does the legal concept of human dignity appear ‘empty’? Or, how is it ‘empty’? Why and how is it a ‘black box’? How do manifestations of the concept appear abstract as universals and concrete as particulars? The ontological, linguistic-analytical, and phenomenological philosophical insights presented in Chapter One compose the lens through which five benchmark Bundesverfassungsgericht cases – on abortion, life imprisonment, transsexuals, state response to terrorist attacks, and the guarantee of a dignified subsistence minimum – are analyzed in Chapter Two. The philosophical sources are not bracketed as moments in the long course of human dignity in the history of ideas.

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Mahoney, Smith Melissa. « Civic Dignity and Meaningful Political Participation ». Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgu_etd/111.

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This dissertation looks at how enhanced political participation opportunities can increase individual liberty and improve public-sector reform efforts. It blends political theory with contemporary concerns for individual well-being and government accountability. To do this, several research methodologies are used, including normative, qualitative process-tracing, and quantitative analysis. First, the dissertation draws insights from ancient and modern political philosophy and the political thought and example of Jane Addams in 19th Century Chicago. It begins with Josiah Ober’s work on civic dignity, which he defines as “equal high standing” among citizens, marked by “non-infantilization and non-humiliation.” This definition is a useful starting point but somehow seems thin for a concept of such import. In exploring the wisdom of Tocqueville’s “schools” of democracy and Jane Addams’ notion of fellowship, I expand the definition of civic dignity to include “having a sense of ownership.” In other words, being dignified as a citizen in a self-governing political community should include having a seat at the proverbial table where one can speak and be heard. This means that political participation opportunities would ideally carry low transaction costs while maximizing the substance that can be contributed. Through Addams’ experience at Hull House, the settlement house she co-founded, I highlight how these opportunities for meaningful political participation are indispensable to individual civic dignity, and by extension, individual liberty and well-being. Second, civic dignity is viewed through a different lens, namely the role it can play when incorporated successfully into policy design and implementation. Arguably, a self- governing political community’s greatest asset is the collective knowledge and lived experience of its citizens. But current political participation mechanisms and policy designs do not do a good job leveraging that resource, and many individuals may find themselves unofficially shut out. Using process-tracing methodology, a case study explores resettlement projects targeting the urban poor in Mandaue City, the Philippines. The case study results demonstrate that deepening democracy (by incorporating civic dignity into the policy design and implementation) not only benefits individual liberty, but can also produce better outcomes and contribute to anti-corruption efforts. Taking civic dignity into account during policy design and implementation is not merely a “feel good” option; it is a strategic option that allows the political community to leverage local knowledge by enlisting the participation of those individuals or groups closest to the problem or challenge at hand. While this finding is not entirely novel, it is far from standard practice. Domestically and internationally, the coercive force of government and/or the “tyranny of experts” is too often the default approach for policy design and implementation. Third, the theoretical and practical explorations of civic dignity are used to construct a measure for civic dignity. In a data driven world, reliable and valid measurement is key, and if the concept of civic dignity is going to gain currency, then validating a scale to capture it is essential. Through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), survey items are examined to determine which items map onto the latent factors that comprise civic dignity. A 22-item four-factor solution that maps onto the four components of civic dignity is presented. The newly minted Civic Dignity Scale is then compared against measures from political science and psychology literature that are theoretically related but distinct from civic dignity, such as political efficacy and self-determination, to test for construct validity. Spearman correlations yield reassuring results, showing statistically significant strong positive correlations as hypothesized. Finally, the relationship between the Civic Dignity Scale and political participation is analyzed for further construct validity. A Poisson regression model shows that for every one unit increase in an individual’s civic dignity, the likelihood that one would participate in political activities also increases. While a confirmation factor analysis is needed for further scale validation, the EFA and subsequent analyses do codify and deepen our understanding of civic dignity. In the future, a fully validated Civic Dignity Scale would enable reformers like Addams and those in Mandaue City to legitimize and track their efforts empirically.

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de, Almeida André Lúcio Santos. « Agent particularism : the effects of human dignity ». Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/80285/.

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The thesis proposes an ethics centred on the notion of human dignity. In Chapter One I introduce the position the thesis proposes, Agent Particularism, according to which who you are is relevant to determining what you ought to do. I reject the thesis of the universalizability of moral judgements that says that if you judge that X is the right thing for you to do, you are necessarily committed to the view that X is the right thing for everybody to do in relevantly similar circumstances. In Chapter Two I present an Agent-Particularist conception of freedom. I offer an Agent-Particularist conception of the self. I make a distinction between negative freedom, which is being free from external interference, and positive freedom, which is developing into the ideal version of yourself (in accord with your particular nature). In Chapter Three I present Agent Particularism as a kind of virtue ethics. I offer a solution to an epistemological problem that the thesis faces: once I have rejected the existence of exceptionless moral principles, how can there be moral knowledge and what kind of knowledge that would be? I argue that the problem can be solved by understanding moral knowledge as consisting on the deliverances of a perceptual capacity. I position Agent Particularism in relation to traditional virtue ethics. In Chapter Four I present the Agent-Particularist conception of human dignity. I show that the Agent-Particularist position developed in the first three chapters issues in a peculiar conception of human dignity. I present the basic elements of an Agent-Particularist conception of dignity. I present Kant's conception of dignity and contrast it with the Agent-Particularist conception.

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De, Villiers Josephine Elizabeth. « Human dignity : a right or a responsibility ? » Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53451.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: While most people acknowledge the dignity of fellow humans, atrocities that deny the dignity of people are rampant in our world. The ongoing ignorance and aberrations of the dignity of human beings in the world might mean that there is still not clarity on what respect for the dignity of others really mean, how it should be practiced and whether human dignity is an entitlement or a responsibility. Human dignity was not always bestowed to every individual. In ancient times dignity was reserved for the strongest individual in and later was extended to certain classes, groups and nations like the monarchy and clergy, the Egyptians and Romans. The Renaissance brought a new consciousness of the worth of man. But despite this awareness, and the advent of a human rights culture as is found in the writings of modem philosophers like John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Immanuel Kant, who all support the notion of human dignity, liberty and human rights, gross human rights violations still took place during the twentieth century. Stalin used the Russian people to create a successful socialistic state; Hitler exterminated all those who obstructed his ideal of creating a pure Aryan race, while Verwoerd legalized racial discrimination in South Africa and Namibia. As a result of the atrocities in Europe, especially during World War II, The United Nations was established with the aim to oversee and address human rights violations in the world. Human rights and respect for human dignity are included in the Bill of rights of the Constitutions of America, South Africa and Namibia. Health care providers acknowledge the rights of patients by respect for the autonomy of patients. Patients are autonomous persons and health care providers enable patients to take autonomous action. Autonomous action means that a patient will act with understanding, intention and without coercion. Paternalism is only justified when it serves to protect the patient or protect the rights of others. Health care providers practice autonomy by facilitating informed consent, by providing truthful information, by upholding confidentiality, to protect privacy of patients and to treat patients with respect. There is little uncertainty that people can claim the right to human dignity because persons have intrinsic worth as unique beings that are irreplaceable and exist as an end in themselves. Holy Scripture confirms that humans are created in the image of God. International human rights instruments and national constitutions provide people with the statutory right to human dignity and enable people to legally claim this right. But human dignity is also a responsibility because claiming a right has a reciprocal obligation on others not to violate the claimed right, but also requires from persons to value their own lives. Over reliance on science and rational thinking may negate human dignity because scientists do not always consider the needs of persons. The examples of world leaders like Gandhi, King and Mandela have also shown that one can earn human dignity through respectful conduct towards others. Protagoras of Abdera was aware of human worthiness as right and responsibility as long back as the fifth century Be, and this awareness still exists today.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ten spyte daarvan dat meeste mense die menswaardigheid van ander erken, misken gruweldade in die wereld steeds die waardigheid van baie mense. Die miskenning van menswaardigheid mag beteken dat daar steeds onduidelikheid is oor wat respek vir die menswaardigheid van ander werklik beteken, hoe dit gepraktiseer moet word en of menswaardigheid 'n reg of 'n verantwoordelikheid is. Menswaardigheid was nie altyd aan alle persone verleen nie. In die antieke beskawing was menswaardigheid grootliks gereserveer vir die sterker persone, en later vir sekere klasse, groepe en nasies, soos die monargie en geestelikes, die Egiptenare en Romeine. Die Renaissance het 'n nuwe bewuswording van menswaardigheid gebring. Maar ten spyte van hierdie bewuswording en die koms van die menseregtekultuur is die werk van moderne filosowe soos John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau en Immanuel Kant, wat almal die gedagte van menswaardigheid, vryheid en menseragte ondersteun, het gruwellike menseregte skendings steeds plaasgevind gedurende die twintigste eeu. Stalin het die Russiese volk gebruik om 'n suksesvolle sosialistiese staat te skep, Hitler het probeer om almal wat sy ideaal bedreig het om 'n egte nie-Joodse Kaukasiese nasie te skep, te vermoor, terwyl Verwoerd rassediskriminasie gewettig het in Suid-Afrika en Namibië. As gevolg van die gruweldade in Europa, veral gedurende die Tweede Wereldoorlog, het die Verenigde Nasies tot stand gekom om die menseregteskendings in die wereld te monitor en aan te spreek. Die Konstitusies van Amerika, Suid-Afrika en Namibië, erken menseregte en die respek vir menswaardigheid. Ook in gesondheidsorg word die regte van die pasiënt beskerm deur die beginsel van respek vir die outonomie van pasiënte. Pasiënte is outonome persone en gesondheidsorg werkers maak dit moontlik vir pasiënte om outonome handelinge uit te voer. Outonome handelinge beteken dat die pasiënt sal handel met intensie en sonder dwang en dat die handeling ten volle verstaan word. Paternalisme is alleen geregverdig wanneer dit die regte van die pasiënt of ander persone beskerm. Gesondheidsorg werkers fasiliteer outonomie van pasiënte deur ingeligte toestemming te verkry, pasiënte nie te mislei nie, vertroulikheid te handhaaf, privaatheid van die pasiënt te verseker en deur pasiënte te respekteer. Daar is min onsekerheid dat persone op die reg tot menswaardigheid kan aanspraak maak want mense het inherente waarde as mense wat nie vervang kan word nie en wat in hulself 'n bestaansdoel het. Die Skrif bevestig dat die mens na die beeld van God geskape is. Internasionale menseregte instrumente en nasionale konstitusies maak voorsiening vir die wettige reg tot menswaardigheid en maak dit vir mense moontlik om wettiglik op hierdie reg aanspraak te maak. Mense het egter nie net 'n reg tot menswaardigheid nie maar ook 'n verantwoordelikheid. Aanspraak op 'n reg tot menswaardigheid impliseer 'n wedersydse verantwoordelikheid dat ander die reg nie mag skend nie, maar vereis ook die verantwoordelikheid dat persone waarde aan hul eie lewens sal heg. Oorwaardering van die wetenskap en rasionaliteit mag ook menswaardigheid ontken, omdat menslike behoeftes nie altyd in ag geneem word deur wetenskaplikes nie. Voorbeelde van wêreldleiers soos Gandhi, King en Mandela bewys dat menswaardigheid ook verwerf kan word deur ander respekvol te behandel. Protagoras of Abdera was reeds in die vyfde eeu voor Christus bewus van menswaardigheid as reg en verantwoordelikheid, en hierdie bewussyn is steeds geldig vandag.

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Mark, Daniel Clifton. « Honour, dignity, and the politics of respect ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648605.

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Morberg, Jämterud Sofia. « Human Dignity : A Study in Medical Ethics ». Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-300409.

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Human dignity is an enunciated ethical principle in many societies, and it has elicited a great deal of interest, not least because it is central in health care. However, it has also been the subject of criticism. Some have argued that it is sufficient to rely on a principle of autonomy, and that dignity is a redundant principle or concept in health care. Other discussions have focused on the precise meaning of dignity, and how a principle of dignity should be interpreted and applied. This dissertation discusses questions on the principle of dignity and the meaning of the concept. In addition to a theoretical analysis of these questions, a qualitative research study has been carried out, based on interviews with physicians in palliative and neonatal care, and hospital chaplains, looking at dignity at the beginning and end of life. This dissertation can be categorised as empirical ethics because of its methodological approach. Based on a narrative analysis of the interviews, the results from the study shed light on the theoretical discussion on dignity. Through the history of ideas, dignity has often been linked to human abilities such as autonomy and rationality. However, autonomy is only one of the aspects which emerged from the qualitative research in this dissertation. Other aspects introduced into the discussion on dignity include human vulnerability, interdependence and the responsibility to face vulnerability in others. Some theoretical perspectives on dignity are criticised in the light of the empirical results. Furthermore, the dissertation includes a theological perspective where a Christological view – connected to Bakhtin’s ethics of responsibility – forms a critique to both the Kantian deontological perspective and dignity acquired by virtue. The dissertation also considers how the results can be applied to medical practice.

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Miranda, Alvaro. « Agency, human dignity and subjective well-being ». Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/134489.

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Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Análisis Económico
Autor no autoriza el acceso a texto completo de su documento
Over the last two decades there has been an important shift in the way economists understand welfare and development. The discipline has gone from assessing wellbeing in terms of an unideminsional measure like income, to multidimensional measures that take into account non-economic variables such as what individuals do and can do, how they feel, and the natural environment they live in (Alkire, 2002; Stiglitz et al., 2009; Alkire and Foster, 2011; Alkire and Santos, 2014). In the vein of Amartya Sen's in uential work, development is seen as the process of expanding freedoms that people value and have reason to value (Sen, 1999). Two important aspects of this freedom linked to the basis of social rights are agency and human dignity (Gauri, 2004). Agency freedom refers to what the person is free to do and achieve in pursuit of whatever goals or values he or she regards as important (Sen, 1985). On the other hand, dignity is related with social inclusion, taking part in the life of the community (Sen, 1999).1 This paper explores the importance of agency, and dignity in explaining subjective well- being. We are speci cally interested in measures of life satisfaction and job satisfaction. Our work uses a unique dataset of Chilean households, the \Other Dimensions of Household Quality of Life" survey, especially designed by the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) to gather internationally comparable indicators on employment quality, empowerment, physical safety, human dignity and psychological and subjective wellbeing, sometimes referred as the missing dimensions of poverty (Alkire, 2007). Our hypothesis is that agency is positively correlated with individual's subjective wellbe- ing, because it re ects the capacity the individual has to do what he values. The measure we use for agency is related with the individual's perception of freedom to decide for himself how to lead his life. A natural interpretation of the hypothesis is thus that the more freedom an individual has to decide how to lead her life, more wellbeing she experiences. On the other hand, our hypothesis is that individuals less likely to regularly experience shame in public are associated with higher subjective wellbeing. In particular, we focus on two aspects of dignity: shame proneness and discrimination. Therefore, individuals that experience more shame or feel discriminated should experience less wellbeing. Our rst set of results provides correlational evidence on the importance of agency, shame and discrimination in life satisfaction. The results suggest that agency, shame and discrimi- nation are correlated with life satisfaction. Next, we explore if agency and discrimination at work are correlated with job satisfaction. The results show that both agency and discrimi- nation at work explain job satisfaction. An important potencial source of bias in our estimates is the absence of personality traits. It has been shown that genetics factor are strongly correlated with happiness (Lykken and Tellegen, 1996; Inglehart and Klingemann, 2000). Moreover, personality traits as repressive- defensiveness, trust, emotional stability, locus of control-chance, desire for control, hardiness, positive a ectivity, private collective self-esteem, and tension have been linked to subjective wellbeing (DeNeve and Cooper, 1998; Diener et al., 2003). In order to attenuate the potencial bias for omitting personality traits, we follow Van Praag and Ferrer-i Carbonell (2008) and we construct a measure of personality traits that we in- clude in our regressions.The results show an important positive bias in the estimates of the relationship between subjective wellbeing, agency, shame and discrimination. In particular, after controlling by personality traits the OLS parameters associated with agency and shame decrease their magnitude in nearly 50% in the life satisfaction estimates. Also, the parameter associated with discrimination decreases in magnitude and becomes statistically insigni cant. On the other hand, the bias is less important in the estimates of job satisfaction, agency and discrimination. Overall, our results show that the di erence in life satisfaction between individuals who feel they have freedom to decide for themselves how to lead their life in comparison with the individuals that don't, has the same magnitude as the di erence in life satisfaction between people from the rst and fth quintile of income. Also, being in the fth quintile of the shame proneness index in comparison with the rst quintile has the same e ect on life satisfaction as the di erence in life satisfaction between the people from the second and fth quintile of income. Finally, perceived discrimination is not associated with life satisfaction. On the other hand, individuals with more agency at work are more satis ed with their job. In particular, individuals that do their job only because they need the money are less satis ed with their job in comparison with the individuals that do their job because they find almost twice the e ect related with working part-time. This study contributes to the recent but vast literature on subjective wellbeing and the literature on multidimensional wellbeing in development, more speci cally to recent studies emphasizing the importance of measuring dimensions of wellbeing that seem central to human development traditionally ignored in empirical work. Our results related with the relationship between agency and subjective wellbeing are consistent with international evidence (Veen- hoven, 2000; Welzel et al., 2003; Inglehart et al., 2008; Verme, 2009; Welzel and Inglehart, 2010; Fischer and Boer, 2011; Victor et al., 2013). The same can be said with respect to the results related with the relationship between perceived discrimination and subjective well- being (Werkuyten and Nekuee, 1999; Pascoe and Smart Richman, 2009). To our knowledge the association between subjective wellbeing and shame proneness has not been explored before. More closely related to our paper, Inglehart et al. (2008) and Welzel and Inglehart (2010) provide cross country evidence of the link between subjective wellbeing and freedom. In particular, Welzel and Inglehart (2010) presents a human development model that links agency to subjective wellbeing. Using data form the World Values Survey, they show that people that have more opportunities in life put more emphasis on emancipative values, and, in turn, their gains in agency have a greater impact in their subjective wellbeing. On the other hand, Verme (2009) tries to address the role of personality traits in the relationship of agency and subjective wellbeing. He argue that the locus of control plays an important role in how humans value freedom of choice. Using a combination of all rounds of the World and European Value Surveys, he nds that the variables that measures freedom of choice and the locus of control predicts life satisfaction better than any other factors included in the study. In particular, people who believe that the outcome of their actions depends on internal factors appreciate more having freedom than people who believe that the results of their actions are determined by external factors. This work, highlights the importance of taking into account personality traits when analyzing the relationship between agency and subjective wellbeing. Our paper contributes to the literature mainly in three ways. First, alongside with Verme (2009) we make a special e ort in order to control by personality traits which allow us avoid bias in the estimates of the relationship between subjective wellbeing, agency, shame and discrimination. Second, we explore the relationship between subjective wellbeing and shame. Third, we analyze the relationship between job satisfaction, agency and discrimination. The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Section 2 describes the data and introduces our measures of agency and dignity. Section 3 presents the empirical strategy. Section 4 presents the estimation results. Section 5 concludes.

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Vibegaard, Charlotte. « Sacred Profanities : searching a language for dignity ». Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-223398.

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Det sägs att Sverige är världens mest sekulariserade land, ett påstående som kan diskuteras och som väcker frågor kring vad som går förlorat nar vi lämnar religionen bakom oss. Även om allt färre är religiosa i ordets mer traditionella bemärkelse, finns det ett stort behov av att hålla ceremonier. Uppkomsten av spirituella fenomen i vår samtid hintar om en längtan efter något slags återsakralisering. Genom att bearbeta den universella betydelsen av troskeln, placerad mitt emellan kaos och kosmos, har projektets huvudsyfte varit att skapa en ceremoniell byggnad och en askspridningsplats som verkar bortom konfessionella gränser. Ambitionen är att projektet ska bidra med tyngd, stämning och värdighet, kvaliteter som ofta går forlorade när ceremonier flyttar ut ur det religiosa rummet. Byggnademas arkitektoniska laddning består av illusioner, sekvenser och symboler. Tre teman som kombinerats med mer traditionella, men bearbetade arkitektoniska kvaliteter i sakrala rum for att skapa relevans i vår sekulariserade värld. För att avgränsa ämnet har byggnaderna utformats med fokus på ceremonier for avsked.

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Harrison, Alice. « Human dignity : bringing law down to Earth ». Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/372459/.

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Dignity founds The Law: from the centralising dignity of sovereign and parliament; to the particular dignities of The Crown and the Courts; to challenges that The Law fails to respect human dignity. Remembrance revealed through historic experience (in a survey of dignity in UK statute and Case law) and societal reflection (in dignity, jurisprudence and philosophy literature), reveals dignity evolved through Stoic characterisation of dignity as a logically reasoned, ethically considered way to be, to contemporary ideas that challenge the logic and or ethics of an imposed way of being. Much contemporary dignity literature accepts limits to law, working within The Law to try to claim the posited self-indulgent position of sovereign dignity, in claims of rank and rights. I suggest the only dignity to withstand societal scrutiny, in a consistent guiding message recognised through two millennia of Stoic informed wisdom, is that people individually sense, reason and reflect on good ways for themselves and society to be. People, who accept societal limits, but aspire to more. Consistent with this history I suggest a new definition for dignity; ‘societally valued worthiness in being’ that positively emerges from humans being in dynamic society. People limited by The Law try to concretise dignity, and law; to pin down particular ways for people and society to be, contained in rules of law. For example, governing law, assumed in sovereign dignity naturally arising in the leadership of people in particular ways of being concretised in autocracies and democratic parliaments; The Law providing the normative guidance of how to conform to that way of being. Yet, in agreement with John Austin, I suggest logical reason and ethical considerations of dignity do not arise exclusively in sovereign roles, but naturally from a positive ferment of command and obedience that challenges, and or necessarily supports, the positions of asserted dignity. I challenge Austin’s presumption that sovereign positions are only maintained by coercion, suggesting dignity also arises in societies bound by care and cooperation. I recognise the positive ferment of The Law in governing law, but also in wider contexts of dignity, societally valued worthiness in being, that work independently of The Law. I adopt the work of William Twining and his distinctions of ‘law talk’ of The Law and ‘talk about’ governing law to inform and enhance a re-picturing of a positive Natural Law Continuum. Finally I adapt Hohfeld’s matrix of rights to suggest that incidents of The Law reveal the locus of dignity in The Law’s making. The matrix, The New Model of Governing Law, can be used to (re)consider whether a particular position of The Law (still) has dignity; is The Law valued worthy of being in contemporary society. Understanding The Law’s dignity, alongside contemporary determinations of dignity, confirms The Law as societally valued, and or illuminates ways and dignity (independent like minds) loci to support, innovate or challenge The Law. Sovereign dignity, and societal law, evolves through the emergence of human dignity in incidents and issues recognised as contained in governing law, within the wider societal determination of Natural Law Continuum.

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Matiti, Miliica Ruth. « Patient dignity in nursing : a phemomenological study ». Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2002. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/4599/.

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This research is concerned with patient dignity in nursing. It proposes the introduction of the concept of Perceptual Adjustment Level (PAL) in order to resolve the problem of the definition of patient dignity and its maintenance within nursing care. The aims of the study are to identify how patients and nurses perceive patient dignity, to investigate the extent to which patient dignity is maintained and to identify nursing care activities in maintaining patient dignity. The implications of the findings of this study for nursing education and the development of policy on clinical practice are also examined. The literature review revealed a paucity of research on patient dignity. There was no clear definition of dignity that could be understood by both nurses and patients during their day to day interaction. Little was known of the maintenance of patient dignity and its influencing factors. A qualitative methodology utilising a phenomenological approach was used. A total of 102 patients and 94 nurses from medical and surgical wards in three hospitals within the United Kingdom were interviewed using semi-structured interview techniques. Although neither patients nor nurses specifically defined patient dignity, they came up with similar categories in terms of how they perceived patient dignity: privacy, respect, communication, the need for information, involvement in care, independence, patients' choice, form of address, decency and confidentiality. Control was only mentioned by patients. Although there was congruence between how the patients and nurses described patient dignity, it emerged that nurses tended to operate on different levels from how patients perceived the maintenance of their dignity. While nurses utilised primarily their own perception of dignity to maintain patient dignity, it was discovered that hospitalised patients went through a process of adjustment of their notion of dignity and came to a level they could accept. As a result a new concept termed Perceptual Adjustment Level (PAL) is proposed. Patients felt dignified if events matched with this level. This research has, therefore, proposed a tentative definition of patient dignity as the fulfilment of patients' expectations or needs in terms of values within each patient's perceptual adjustment level taking into account the hospital environment. The need for assessing patients to discover their perceptual adjustment level has been highlighted. A number of patients were satisfied with how their dignity was maintained but a significant number were not. Ways of improving the maintenance of patient dignity have also been proposed. In order to maintain patient dignity, nurses should consider six questions: "what?" signifies the needs of dignity which should be met. "Why?" highlights the importance of full explanations of the purpose of tasks carried out on patients, and whether it matters to the patient. "Who?" relates to who is going to perform the task on her or him? "Where?" considers whether privacy will be ensured when the tasks will be done and "how?" sensitively the tasks will be done? It is also important to make the patient aware "when?" tasks will be carried out. The main factors that influenced the maintenance of patient dignity are revealed and implications for nursing practice, management, education and research are discussed.

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Luttrell, Johanna. « Gender, Alienation, and Dignity in Global Slums ». Thesis, University of Oregon, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/13425.

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This dissertation is a philosophical inquiry into the problem of the slums that develop in and around large cities in the Global South, considered in the context of globalization. I argue first that theories of global justice must consider this new human condition engendered by the global slums; second, that the language of alienation and dignity is crucial to conceptions of global poverty; third, that this alienation is in large part predicated on the exploitation of women's labor; and finally, that this dignitarian response to alienation is a critical addition to the Capabilities Approach.

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Roy, Jennifer Ann. « Reconnecting nursing and patient dignity : an integrative review ». Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50261.

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Preserving dignity is an essential part of nursing. However, there are mounting concerns that nurses are not fulfilling this important responsibility. A gap exists between nursing discourse and practice. The aim of this paper was to examine strategies that have been proposed, or implemented, to translate a conceptual understanding of patient dignity into a central role in daily acute care nursing practice. A greater understanding of strategies offers insight to how nurses can reconnect with upholding patient dignity and provides a starting point for further research. An integrative review was carried out using Whittemore and Knafl’s (2005) updated methodology, which includes 5 stages: problem identification, literature search, data evaluation, data analysis, and presentation. The literature search included the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, PsycINFO, and Academic Search Complete databases. The keywords for the search were: dignity, nursing, nursing interventions, patients, nurse-patient relations, and staff development. Twelve highly relevant publications were identified. These articles consisted of program development initiatives, expert opinion pieces, practice-based journal articles, and a high-profile campaign. Five strategies emerged from the analysis: Training; Reflection and discussion; Imagining the patient perspective; Leadership; and Planning for action. The strategies focused on the individual nurse and nursing relationships. Structural influences had only a limited focus. Although the nurse participants described a greater understanding, a deeper awareness, better skills, and a desire to create change, the impact of the strategies was not evaluated in practice. Further research needs to assess the impact of the strategies in daily nursing practice, their influence on nursing culture, and the patient experience. A long-term view toward the sustainability of any changes once nurses return to their workplaces must also be taken. In addition, strategies must focus on the system and how nurses can be supported to uphold dignity within the challenges of acute care.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Nursing, School of
Graduate

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Palacios, González César. « Human/nonhuman chimeras : dignity, organs, gametes and pregnancy ». Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/humannonhuman-chimeras-dignity-organs-gametes-and-pregnancy(5dcf3b56-6cc5-46fd-81a6-643a77c7e09f).html.

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The question of whether within chimera research certain human/nonhuman animal chimeras should not be created has received significant attention in the philosophical community. In this thesis I examine, from a philosophical perspective, four questions related to this topic. These are: (i) Can ‘human’ dignity be invoked as an argument against the creation of human/nonhuman animal chimeras? (ii) Is it morally permissible to kill human/great-ape chimeras in order to solve the human organ shortage crisis? (iii) Is there something inherently wrong with creating human/nonhuman animal chimeras capable of human gamete production and human pregnancy? (iv) Can classic animal ethics issues concerning animal welfare throw light on the issue of killing human/pig chimeras for their human organs. These four questions, in turn, fall within what have been regarded as the three main problematic cases within chimera ethics: (1) the creation of human/nonhuman animal chimeras that could have brains predominantly constituted by human brain cells; (2) the creation of human/nonhuman animal chimeras that could look human-like; (3) the creation of human/nonhuman animal chimeras capable of human gamete production and human pregnancy. In the introduction I do four things. First, I define what chimeras are and point out some problems with some of the definitions that have been proposed. Secondly, I briefly investigate if there is a sound principled objection against the intentional creation of all intraspecific and interspecific chimeras. Thirdly, I present in a detailed fashion the four questions that this thesis poses in response. Finally, I explain how the four papers that are the main body of the thesis form a coherent body of work. In the fifth section of this thesis I present the abstracts of four papers. In the sixth section I make a comprehensive exploration of the dignity-based arguments that have been advanced against the creation of human/nonhuman animal chimeras that could possess human-like mental capacities, or that could possess certain cognitive capacities that we would not be able to properly classify. In the seventh section I examine the morality of killing human/great ape chimeras for their human organs. This paper is a detailed response to Shaw et al.’s (2014) ‘Using Non-Human Primates to Benefit Humans: Research and Organ Transplantation’. The eight section covers two topics. First I discuss the moral problems related to the creation of mainly nonhuman human/nonhuman animal chimeras capable of human gamete production. Secondly, I discuss the moral problems that would be generated by the fact that a sentient nonperson human/nonhuman animal chimera, that is predominantly nonhuman, was pregnant with a human conceptus. In the ninth section I further examine the chimera welfare issues that have emerged from assessing the morality of using human/pig chimeras as human organ sources. In the conclusion of the thesis I present a summary of the main points I have explored, and proceed to present how my dissertation adds to the academic literature on chimera ethics. Finally, I present some areas for further research.

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Turner, Bethany, et n/a. « Strategic translations : the Zapatistas from silence to dignity ». University of Canberra. Creative Communication, 2004. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20051123.144212.

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This thesis demonstrates that the discursive strategies that characterise the political struggle of the Zapatista (EZLN) movement are produced in response to the political and economic realities of Mexico and the southeastern state of Chiapas. The EZLN�s intentionally ambiguous discourse of dignity epitomises these strategies. By deploying various incarnations of dignity to counter the Mexican Government�s strategic political manoeuvres, the EZLN destabilises the political, economic and social hegemonies of the nation. This destabilisation creates a space for the EZLN to suggest the possibility of an alternative political logic to the Mexican populace. However, the marginalised social location and ethnic diversity of the movement�s indigenous constituents impedes their ability to effect significant political change. This impediment is overcome when they coalesce around the politically advantageous subjectivity of indigenous Zapatistas and engage with the mestizo Subcomandante Marcos to produce the EZLN. The movement enacts a progressive coalitional politics that articulates radical political alternatives for Mexico through the strategic practice of translation. Thus, translation is posited as a powerful political practice for marginalised groups engaged in resistance struggles in the contemporary global conditions.

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Millns, Susan. « Respect for human dignity : an Anglo-French comparison ». Thesis, University of Kent, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404530.

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Knight, Julie. « Dignity in elderly care : meaning and legal protection ». Thesis, University of Reading, 2018. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/77334/.

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We are living increasingly longer in a society that is struggling to define how to treat the very old, particularly those in care homes. The concept of dignity can guide how an older individual in care ought to be treated. In this dissertation I argue for an understanding of dignity that is built around the views of the persons cared for, and for the introduction of laws and policies aimed at creating conditions amenable to its realisation. Dignity must be viewed as rooted in our concrete autonomy, one that sees us embodied and embedded in the connections we make with others throughout our lives. Dignity, understood according to the views of the individual cared for, is aligned with this relational view of autonomy, one that prompts us to understand the individual through dialogical engagement. In order to realise the kind of dignity that matters to elderly individuals in care, it is essential to address a number of negative factors, including through law and policies. Addressing these factors means taking concrete steps towards converting potential dignity into actual dignity. One of these 'conversion factors' of dignity is vulnerability. In order for this personal conversion factor to be conducive to dignity, vulnerability ought to be conceptualised as inherent, universal and relational. Another conversion factor, this time environmental, is the regulatory system that controls care homes: for dignity to flourish, those affected by this system must be involved in its elaboration and monitoring. On a social level exists the conversion factor of ageism. Generational rapprochement is one way in which to help reduce it. This dissertation examines whether and how legal means responsive to these conversion factors help or hinder the creation of conditions amenable to dignity in long term aged care.

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Enslin, John Victor. « Kant on Human Dignity : A Conversation among Scholars ». Thesis, Boston College, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3807.

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Thesis advisor: Ronald K. Tacelli
This dissertation aims to examine the notion of 'human dignity' in Kant by means of a conversation with three Kantian scholars. One cannot understand Kant's notion of human dignity without placing it in the context of his moral thought. For this reason we look in Chapter One at the philosopher Roger Sullivan. His major work Immanuel Kant's moral theory includes a highly detailed treatment of human dignity. I shall present an analysis of his understanding within the context of his methodology and his general approach to Kant's moral philosophy. We look in Chapter Two at Susan Shell and her 'Kant on Human Dignity.' In addition to this, we consider Shell's methodology and some of her work on the early Kant where we find the roots of Kant's conception of dignity. Chapter Three addresses Oliver Sensen and his novel interpretation of Kant's use of the term 'dignity.' Utilizing the tools of Analytical Philosophy, he enters into dialogue with Kantian interpreters, suggesting that their understanding of dignity in Kant harbours elements at odds with Kant's thought and that they thus fail to grasp the radical nature of Kant's notion. In the final and Fourth Chapter, I try to bring these scholars into a conversation with each other. First, I show the strengths of each position and then, using insights of Sullivan, Shell and Sensen, I venture to ask whether one could not develop the notion of a phenomenology of dignity. I also consider whether in both Shell's and Sensen's account there is not an implicit dynamic at work, which suggests the necessity of transcendence and the Good
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2014
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Philosophy

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Palk, Andrea Christy. « The morality of transhumanism : assessing human dignity arguments ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86727.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The transhumanist movement propounds the view that the evolution of humanity must be extricated from the contingencies of blind natural selection and actively directed by human beings themselves, utilising existing as well as nascent technologies, in order to radically enhance and thus transform individual human capabilities to levels which far surpass current capacities. Transhumanism has elicited vehement critique, however, due to the claim that the transformations it proposes will result in a new posthuman species; and thus, that its aims represent a violation of human dignity. In order to assess this claim it is necessary to firstly investigate the aims and values of the transhumanist movement, as well as the technological means through which it proposes these aims will be fulfilled. This task is the focus of the first half of this thesis. Secondly, the concept of dignity itself must be examined in order to ascertain its status as a means of critiquing transhumanism. The second half of this thesis therefore explicates the notion of dignity by tracing its historical interpretations and uses, as well as the way in which it has been employed to uphold human rights and to adjudicate bioethical dilemmas in the contemporary milieu. This investigation enables the assessment of the two most renowned dignity arguments, namely, the arguments of the bioconservative thinkers Leon Kass and Francis Fukuyama which have been lodged against transhumanism, as well as the counter-argument of the transhumanist Nick Bostrom. In light of this discussion, the conclusion is that the notion of dignity is plagued by irrevocable ambiguity, vagueness and inconsistencies, due to the presence of conflicting interpretations. These findings have implications for the concept’s efficacy to adjudicate the complex ethical conundrums posed, not only by transhumanism, but in the bioethics arena in general.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die transhumanistiese beweging verteenwoordig die standpunt dat die evolusie van die mensdom losgemaak moet word van die toevallighede van blinde, natuurlike seleksie en aktief gerig moet word deur die mens self, deur van bestaande sowel as ontwikkelende tegnologieë gebruik te maak ten einde individuele menslike vermoëns radikaal te verbeter en dus te transformeer tot op vlakke wat huidige vermoëns ver oorskry. Transhumanisme het egter hewige kritiek ontlok weens die aanspraak dat die transformasies wat dit voorstel ‘n nuwe post-menslike spesie tot gevolg sal hê en dus dat die oogmerke daarvan ‘n skending van menswaardigheid verteenwoordig. Ten einde hierdie aanspraak te beoordeel, was dit eerstens nodig om die oogmerke en waardes van die transhumanistiese beweging te ondersoek, sowel as die tegnologiese middele wat voorgestel word as dit waardeur hierdie oogmerke verwesenlik sal word. Hierdie taak is onderneem in die eerste helfte van die tesis. Tweedens is die konsep van waardigheid self krities onder die loep geneem ten einde die status daarvan as ‘n middel om transhumanisme te kritiseer, te beoordeel. Die tweede helfte van hierdie tesis verhelder dus die idee van waardigheid deur die historiese interpretasies en gebruike daarvan na te gaan, sowel as die manier waarop dit aangewend is om menseregte te ondersteun en om dilemmas in die bioetiek in die hedendaagse milieu te bereg. Hierdie ondersoek maak die beoordeling van die drie mees bekende waardigheidsargumente wat teen transhumanisme gebring is, naamlik die argumente van die biokonserwatiewe denkers Leon Kass en Francis Fukuyama, sowel as die teenargument van die transhumanis Nick Bostrom, moontlik. Na aanleiding van hierdie bespreking is die gevolgtrekking van die skrywer dat die idee van menswaardigheid deurspek is met onvermydelike dubbelsinnigheid, vaagheid en teenstrydighede as gevolg van teenstrydige interpretasies. Hierdie bevindinge het implikasies vir die doeltreffendheid van die konsep om die komplekse etiese probleme wat gestel word, nie net deur transhumanisme nie, maar deur die bioetiek arena oor die algemeen, te beoordeel.

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Bowie, R. « The primacy of dignity and human rights education ». Thesis, University of Kent, 2011. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/10488/.

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Human rights education (HRE) is a growing pedagogical force that lacks conceptual theorisation and awareness of an emerging postsecular context. This hampers the extent to which it can accomplish its aims of encouraging friendship between people of different religious and philosophical traditions while advancing a universal culture of rights. The thesis analyses the role of religion within HRE literature, both at an international and theoretical level, and in the curriculum documents for English schools, finding parallel weaknesses resulting from this shallow theoretical base. The thesis contributes to HRE literature with a distinctive analysis of the foundational concept of dignity and the meaning-giving narratives that contributed to the concept’s development. It unravels the complexities surrounding an often mentioned but seldom explained concept, identifying relationships between inherent worth, human flourishing and societal recognition. It demonstrates that taking an inclusive approach to this conceptual framework allows for two crucial ingredients in contemporary society: different meaning-giving narratives may be held, while a common ethical understanding of rights based on dignity is adhered to. It argues that the concept of dignity is a foundation for a particular pedagogical approach that advances a commitment to the inherent worth of the human person. The approach consists of two reflexive elements: a self-reflective enquiry into the faiths and philosophies of the individual learners and a dialogue with and for others. These elements are essential if the colonial mistakes of earlier human rights movements are to be avoided, and they identify the significance of religious education in HRE. A proposal for a recontextualised form of HRE that is theologically and religiously literate presents a distinctive offering to guide policy and practice. The proposal acknowledges the overlap between educational movement and theological thought and makes specific reference to contributions from contemporary Catholic thinking. The thesis aims to motivate further research to carry forward the HRE proposal and develop new thinking about postsecular education.

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Weigand, Florian. « Waiting for dignity : legitimacy and authority in Afghanistan ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2017. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3670/.

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This thesis investigates the composition of legitimacy and authority in Afghanistan, confronting common assumptions of how to ‘build legitimacy’ in conflict zones by delivering services, holding elections or adopting traditional institutions. After adjusting the static understanding of legitimacy, which evolved in the context of western nation states in the early 20th century, to the dynamics of today’s conflict zones, the thesis examines how people in Afghanistan perceive different authorities. The analysis rests on more than 250 interviews with ordinary people as well as various authorities in Afghanistan, including insurgents, warlords and government officials. The interviews were conducted in the course of extensive field research in the country. The thesis suggests that in Afghanistan’s volatile political order, people are suspicious of all authorities and the claims they make. Instead, people judge authorities on the basis of personal experiences when interacting with them, waiting for dignity and hoping for interactions which show that authorities want to serve the public instead of exploiting it. The extent to which people perceive interactions to be fair, inclusive and respectful is vital for the construction of lasting legitimacy and matters more than how an authority gained power, the ideology it advocates, or the scale of service delivery.

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Atienza, Rodríguez Manuel. « Human Dignity and Rights of Persons with Disabilities ». IUS ET VERITAS, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123464.

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In this article, the author analyzes the impact of the Kantian concept of human dignity in the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Likewise, the author elaborates a critique of the principle which argues that persons with disabilities’ individual autonomy and capacity to make decisions must be respected, regardless of the particular circumstances of the case, and finally proposes an interpretation of this principle based on the principle of equality.
En el presente artículo, el autor analiza la incidencia del concepto kantiano d e d ignidad h umana e n l a C onvención I nternacional sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad de la ONU. Asimismo, el autor realiza una crítica al principio que sostiene que deben respetarse siempre, sin importar las circunstancias particulares del caso, la autonomía individual y la capacidad de las personas con discapacidad de adoptar decisiones, y, finalmente, propone una interpretación de este principio con base al principio de igualdad.

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Duckworth, Cheryl Lynn. « Revitalizing our dances land and dignity in Paraguay / ». Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3427.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2008.
Vita: p. 305. Thesis director: Agnieszka Paczynska. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Conflict Analysis and Resolution. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Mar. 9, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 287-304). Also issued in print.

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Khan, Saira Jean. « Human Dignity in the Advancement of Modern Science ». Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/320183.

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Svensson, Kristian, et Christoffer Johansson. « Vad är värdighetsterapi ? : En beskrivande studie om värdighetsterapi inom palliativ vård ». Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för vårdvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-2167.

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Bakgrund: Av de som dött i Sverige de senaste två åren har cirka 80 procent varit i behov av palliativ vård. Genom att fokusera på patienters och närståendes upplevelser av vad som är viktigt i livets slutskede så kan en värdig död främjas. Värdighet är ett begrepp som är komplext och saknar konsensus inom vården. Det är även ett begrepp som är centralt inom vårdvetenskap. Harvey Max Chochinov har skapat en värdighetsmodell för att försöka göra begreppet värdighet mer förståligt och utifrån denna modell skapades interventionen värdighetsterapi. Syfte: Syftet med vår uppsats är att beskriva hur värdighetsterapi upplevs av patienter och anhöriga, samt belysa andra aspekter av värdighetsterapi. Metod: Den metod som används är litteraturöversikt. Efter systematisk sökning i databaser har nio artiklar studerats och dessa artiklar var både kvalitativa och kvantitativa. Artiklarna kommer ifrån Australien, Storbritannien, Japan, Danmark, Kanada och USA. Som teoretisk utgångspunkt användes de 6:Sn Chochinovs värdighetsmodell. Resultat: De huvudsakliga resultaten var att värdighetsterapi ansågs ha hjälpt patienter och anhöriga. Interventionen är genomförbar men resultaten tyder på att faktorer som kultur, tid, kostnad och patientens kognitiva tillstånd måste beaktas. Diskussion: Det som tas upp i diskussionen är de kulturella aspekterna kring värdighetsterapi, hur användbart det är inom vården och om det är samtalet eller arvsdokumentet som stärker värdighet. När det kommer till de kulturella aspekterna visade studier på att översättningar kunde bli fel och att kulturer kan se olika på vad som är en god död. Att genomföra värdighetsterapi tog längre tid än förväntat och den som utförde interventionen måste ha en viss kompetens. Detta är något som påverkar användbarheten av värdighetsterapi inom vården.
Background: Of those who died in Sweden over the last two years, about 80 percent were in need of palliative care. A dignified death can be promoted by focusing on patients and their families feeling of what's important in the end of life. Dignity is a concept that is complex and lacks consensus in health care. It is also a concept that is central to the health sciences. Harvey Max Chochinov has created a model of dignity trying to make the concept of dignity more understandable, and based on this model an intervention was created called dignity therapy. Aim: The aim of this study is to describe how Dignity therapy is used and evaluated by patients, relatives and other aspects of Dignity therapy. Methods: The method that was used was a literature review. After a systematic search in different databases nine articles were studied and these articles were both qualitative and quantitative. The articles are from Australia, UK, Japan, Denmark, Canada and the United States. As the theoretical framework the dignity model by Chochinov was used. Results: The main findings were that dignity therapy was considered to have helped patients and relatives. The intervention is feasible, but the results suggest that factors such as culture, time, cost and patient cognitive state must be considered. Discussions: Raised in the discussion are the cultural aspects of dignity therapy, how useful it is in healthcare, and if it is the conversation or the legacy document that promotes dignity. The cultural aspects showed in the studies that the translation could be wrong and that different cultures may differ on what is considered a good death. Implementing dignity therapy took longer than expected and the caregiver that performed the intervention must be skilled. This is something that affects the usability of dignity therapy in health care.

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Billow, Karlsson Madelene. « Värdighet i arbetet : En komparativ analys mellan låg- och högstatusyrken ». Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Handelshögskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-32291.

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Root, William Bennett. « Before freedom and dignity : The role of programmed contingencies ». OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1765.

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B. F. Skinner (1971) conceptualized freedom and dignity as by-products of the aversive consequences of a programmed contingency. The basic operant labs have operationalized freedom and dignity in terms of access to choice, and escape from aversive consequences. Yet, little experimentation has been conducted to demonstrate this conceptual understanding in more complex organisms. The current study used an A-B-A-B design to evaluate the effects of two types of programmed contingencies, and the relationship between those contingencies and the perception of freedom and dignity. 20 college students played two versions of Tetris, one version on a Gameboy console and one version on a laptop, each with different contingencies associated with space and time. After engagement in either version, participants recorded their individual perception of freedom and dignity associated with the condition. While participants were engaging in either the Gameboy or laptop, researchers recorded total frequency of verbal and physical responses. Results suggest a relationship between programmed contingencies which lead to aversive consequences and the perception of freedom and dignity. Implications are discussed.

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Chappel, James. « Dignity is everything Isaiah Berlin and his Jewish identity / ». Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/672.

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Thèses sur le sujet « Dignity of the child »

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