Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Digitising tablet »

Fragmented connectivity in South Africa is the dominant barrier for digitising initiatives. New insights surfaced when a university-based nursing programme introduced tablets within a supportive network learning environment. A qualitative, explorative design investigated adult nurses' experiences of the realities when moving from paper-based learning towards using tablets within a blended learning environment. Purposive sampling was applied. 45 (N) participants were included, each receiving a preloaded tablet (15 running on iOS, 15 on Android 4.2.2 Jelly Bean and 15 on Windows® 8 operating systems), being WiFi-dependent, integrated into a supportive learning network. Participants completed eleven compulsory Internet-based activities. Three reflective focus groups with 18 (n) participants concluded the project. Through self-empowerment and supportive environment, students adopted seamlessly, overcame network and resource-related challenges. Valuable lessons were learned within the digital divide, integrate tablets into distance learning from a resilient and pragmatic approach.

Purpose: Accurately measuring sedentary behavior (SB) in children is challenging by virtue of its complex nature. While self-report questionnaires are susceptible to recall errors, accelerometer data lacks contextual information. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of using accelerometry combined with the Digitising Children’s Data Collection (DCDC) for Health application (app), to capture SB comprehensively. Methods: 74 children (9–10 years old) wore ActiGraph GT9X accelerometers for 7 days. Each received a SAMSUNG Galaxy Tab4 (SM-T230) tablet, with the DCDC app installed and a specially designed sedentary behavior study downloaded. The app uses four data collection tools: 1) Questionnaire, 2) Take a photograph, 3) Draw a picture, and 4) Record my voice. Children self-reported their SB daily. Accelerometer data were analyzed using R-package GGIR. App data were downloaded and individual participant profiles created. SBs reported were grouped into categories and reported as frequencies. Results: Participants spent, on average, 629 min (i.e., 73% of their waking time) sedentary. App data revealed most of their out-of-school SB consisted of screen time (112 photos, 114 drawings, and screen time mentioned 135 times during voice recordings). Playing with toys, reading, arts and crafts, and homework were also reported across all four data capturing tools on the app. On an individual level, data from the app often explained irregular patterns in physical activity and SB observed in accelerometer data. Conclusion: This mixed methods approach to assessing SB adds context to accelerometer data, providing researchers with information needed for intervention design.

<p>With the firm conviction that current archaeology needs to use all the tools that computer science provides, we have developed a project for digitising and structuring all the information gathered from the different excavation campaigns carried out in San Chuis hillfort (Allande, Asturias, Spain). In order to do it, we have developed the Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) of the hillfort, in order to proceed subsequently to its virtualization. To implement the SDI, we have reinstated the archaeological record in its original coordinates based on the information that we had. This restitution has allowed us to perform the spatial analysis of the elements of the record, to elaborate different plans of its distribution, not only campaigns but also types, and perform at the same time, a study of the densities. Likewise, we have developed a general database of the hillfort, in which, aside of including the detailed table of the elements of the record and their coordinates, also contains the descriptive table of the stratigraphic units (SU) and the descriptive table of the wall stratigraphic units (WSU). Finally, we have built an extensive planimetry and a web page in order to spread the information. With regard to the hillfort virtualization, we have developed two consistent models with two historical stages: the Iron Age and the Roman occupation. We have used Blender for its development.</p>

Purpose: This paper clearly describes the possibilities of digitising a purchasing group’s processes using blockchain technology. The main focus lies on its core business, financial service called central regulation and other services. Methodology/Approach: After reviewing the literature, the most prominent blockchain projects in recent years in large companies were depicted to identify successful adoptions. The processes of purchasing group were described with the extension of innovative blockchain technology. A summary of potential advantages is presented in a table. Findings: The conclusions could potentially be of a benefit to the management of purchasing groups as evidence suggests an increase in transparency in the whole process of the supply chain and, at the same time, bring effectiveness in payment processing. Combining permissioned and permissionless blockchain could be a viable solution for a purchasing group which uses a central payment system. Research Limitation/Implication: The main limitation is the impossibility of testing the usage of blockchain technology in real-life conditions on a full scale. However, a sample of processes could be modelled further to test and develop the improvements and measure various parameters. Originality/Value of paper: This approach is the first of its kind as there is no literature or publication on the usage of blockchain technology in the central regulation system. This paper can help with the decision-making process at the management level.

This paper is an empirical study that attempted to x-ray the digitisation projects in tertiary institution libraries in North-West Nigeria. Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto (UDUS), Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi (WUFP) and Federal College of Education (Technical) Gusau (FCE (T)) were used as a case study. Purposive sampling technique was used to draw jive (5) sample staff from Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto because it has the highest number of staff for the exercise and three (3) staff each from Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi and Federal College of Education (Technical), Gusau. Therefore, a total of eleven (11) staff were chosen as the sample for the study. The respondents composed of professional librarians and Management Information System (MIS) staff of the institutions under study. Eleven (11) structured questionnaires were distributed and all were returned and found useful for the study. The data collected were analyzed and discussed using a frequency table. The findings revealed that digitisation takes place in the libraries under study as the respondents agreed that these libraries are digitising information resources. Problems of inadequate ICT infrastructure, poor digitisation skills by library staff, poor digitisation equipment and inadequate digitisation management skills by the digitisation management stakeholders were discovered as a bane to successful digitisation projects in the institutions under study. The way forward; such as adequate staff training, funding, procurement of the state-of-the-art digitisation equipment etc were recommended.

Hebaria are biological collections of preserved plants, algae, fungi and lichens used for scientific purposes. Fast communication and information exchange are fundamental to accelerate the investigation on biodiversity. The major world herbaria are concentrating efforts to digitise their collections and making available the information online. Over the last decade, the Herbarium of the University of Coimbra (COI – acronym in Index Herbariorum) has made efforts to make available online the information of its plant collection of c. 800,000 specimens (http://coicatalogue.uc.pt). However, only c. 10% is processed to this date, in part due to the slowness of the methods generally used in herbaria. This work is a contribution to accelerating the digitising process, both by improving digitising procedures and by involving citizens in populating COI database. To accomplish that, a new workflow was developed to automatically create records in the database from batches of digital images with minimum information, plus a collaborative platform was developed to allow the transcription of specimen labels from digital images in a web environment. Creating records from the images benefits from the physical organisation of the herbarium, with specimens grouped in taxon folders. This way, when taking pictures of a set of specimens, it is possible to store them in folders with the name of the taxon. A script will then read the name of the folder and check in the database if each ranking of the taxon exists on the taxon tree (genus, species, infraspecific ranks), and in case it does not, it creates one, and then it creates a record based on each of the specimens inside that folder assigning a determination to it. The collaborative application (http://coicatalogue.uc.pt/collaborative) has innovative features, such as displaying forms sequentially, revealing only one field at a time (Fig. 1). But the most differentiating feature is probably the process of validation for submitted values. Registered users are included under a category, according to their contribution history. Contributors can be upgraded to the next level when they submit a certain number of validated fields. Therefore, there is a progression based on proficiency, allowing users to become familiar with the specimen information system as they use the platform and, simultaneously, it attributes a confidence level to users. This can be used to validate data, assigning a confidence value to a submission, based on user status (points system). Validation of values submitted by users is obtained when the sum of points for a concurrent value meets a threshold, so a single answer from an expert user could be enough to get validation but would require five basic users submitting the same value to be accepted (Table 1). Although collateral, there is a major, and unique, advantage to this project. The collaborative application can be used as a tool to make corrections to the herbarium database, easily and directly online. This quickly improves the database as such effortless procedure increases this kind of contributions.

Handwriting is a fundamental skill that impacts various fields of one’s everyday-life and professional performance. It plays a crucial role due to its implications in motor and cognitive development of children’s performance in school as well as their self- esteem depends on their handwriting. Nowadays, pupils spend 30 al 60% of their time in school on handwriting and fine motor tasks. Learning to produce a legible handwriting takes a lot of time and effort even for typically developing children (Smith-Engelsman, 1995). The general purpose of the thesis was twofold. One aim was to contribute evidence on the literature that Tunisian children with handwriting difficulties will demonstrate significant difference in the legibility and kinematics of their writing movement compared to proficient writers. The main goal of the study was to determine whether these difficulties are linked somehow to the characteristic of the Arabic writing system. The specific purpose of the thesis was to investigate whether the reading habits may influence the performance of Arabic and Italian adults in a character recognition task. Relating handwriting performance to its underlying processes is important to understand normal handwriting, but also to help restore handwriting deficiencies. The data presented in the first study are extrapolated from a more general research whose purpose is to describe and compare proficient and dysgraphic handwriting in Arabic children using the paradigm proposed by Zesiger (2003). From the very beginning it was clear that the production of schoolchildren with handwriting difficulties possesses some recurrent features. Still there is not a phenomenology for Arabic handwriting to explain it. Thirty 8-10 Tunisian schoolchildren (15 poor writers and 15 proficient writers) participated to the experiment. They were asked to copy a list of words, sentences and letters and to draw 27 pictures of the TOPIG-Test. Their writing and drawing were recorded through a digitizing tablet. Results showed that 40% of participants with writing difficulties used to write letters with a wrong movement direction, omitted dots (on the top and under the letters), and were unable to draw complex figures. A possible explanation of these handwriting difficulties is an inadequate strategy of producing the movement combined to the complexity of the letter. The second study aimed to investigate the kinematics of the handwriting and analyze it using a digitizer tablet. An important purpose of this thesis is to develop a tool that permits to analyze handwriting produced from right to left and vice versa. To this end, a program was created: VB Digital Draw, which is experimental software expressly developed in our department for recording and analyzing the data of my dissertation (Toneatto et al., in progress). Twenty Tunisian children were asked to write six times in six different conditions the Arabic word Sullam [سلم] using a digitizer Wacom pen and Tablet. Results demonstrated that Poor Writers (PW) and Good Writers (GW) presented contrasting profiles in all measured descriptors. Furthermore, PW and GW differ significantly on movement velocities, dysfluency, duration, and stroke production. Comparing to GW, PW’s handwriting was smaller, slower, less fluent and discontinuous (high stroke production). To conclude, the general profile of PW that emerged in this study suggests a deficit at both motor programming and execution levels; since the irregularity of the handwriting raised in all kinematic variables. However, I did not consider that children who were identified as PW are dysgraphic but poor writers. The last study of my thesis was based on the evidence from literature which confirm my belief that writing and reading are intimately linked; An advantage for word recognition in the right visual field and in some case in the upper right visual field has been shown by Darler et al. (2004) and Hagenbeek et al. (2002). The interpretation of these visual field asymmetries is in terms of directional scanning tendencies arising from reading habits. I assume that the main process when reading is influenced by motor activity. Such process is also based on spatial competences. Nevertheless, in a previous experiment we showed that the recognition of a printed letter is primed by the coincidence between fixation point and handwriting starting point. Thus, visual filed asymmetries seems to reflect both reading and writing habits. To further explore this hypothesis I carried out an experiment on Arabic and Italian people who are characterized by opposite script directions. I investigated whether short presentations of four rotations of the character “ ” ( ) presented in upper right, upper left, lower left, and lower right visual fields provide additional information about the influence of reading and writing habits on character recognition. Thirty Italian and thirty Tunisian students of Psychology participated to the experiment. Participants were asked to recognise as quick as possible the character (“u”, “c”, “mirror u”, “mirror c”).or the direction (down, up, left, and right). Further analyses were performed on the ELP (eye landing point) which represents the (eye) fixation point with the four geometrical angles of the character. The results confirm an advantage of the upper right visual field and a facilitation of recognizing the character when the fixation point corresponds to the starting point of writing it. Besides, a difference between the Italian and the Arabic performance was found.

In 1850, ‘Assyriology’, or the science of reading and interpreting cuneiform, was created. During this period, historians travelled to the Middle East and spent years copying cuneiform tablets. Now, at the beginning of the third millennium AD, not much has changed. Historians still rely on epigraphy which employs the copying of inscriptions and texts by hand. This method is highly subjective, tedious and time-consuming. As Middle Eastern antiquities departments do not allow the export of these tablets, historians and scholars are faced with the challenge of producing more efficient field methods. This chapter discusses a new method of recording the information taken from cuneiform tablets using digitizing. Digital imaging uses a camera wherein the picture captured is linked to a laptop which runs an image processing algorithm program to obtain the desired results. An enhancement method is then applied to improve the quality of the image. Digitizing cuneiform tablets provides historians a working document with legibility of 90 to 95 per cent. Aside from its relatively efficiency, digital imaging can also allow for the registering of various tablets in one excavation season and can be employed in the digital registration of all sealings such as pottery sherds, and fingerprints on clay vessels.

CHARACTERISING A RESERVOIR IS A COMPLEX PROCESS REQUIRING DETAILED ANALYSIS AND PROCESSING OF ACQUIRED DATA. ROCK CORE EXTRACTED FROM WITHIN A RESERVOIR SERVES AS A VALUABLE, FIRST HAND INSIGHT INTO THE RESERVOIR. THE TIMELY DESCRIPTION AND INTERPRETATION OF THE CORE CAN HAVE A MAJOR IMPACT ON PROSPECT GENERATION AND FIELD DEVELOPMENT. THE ADOPTION OF A NEW DIGITAL CORE DESCRIPTION AND INTERPRETATION WORKFLOW HAS IMPROVED THE DELIVERY SPEED AND ACCURACY OF FORMATION DATA FOR RESERVOIR MODELLING. HISTORICALLY SEDIMENTOLOGISTS EXPRESSED THEIR INTERPRETATIONS WITH CREATIVITY, FLEXIBILITY AND PERSONALITY USING PENCIL AND PAPER. WITHIN THE ORGANISATION, PROCESSES TO ASSIMILATE THESE INTERPRETATIONS INTO A DIGITAL WORKFLOW REQUIRED RETROSPECTIVE DIGITISING OF THE PAPER SHEET. THIS CONVERSION COULD TAKE AS MUCH AS SIX HOURS AND TWO SEPARATE APPLICATIONS TO COMPLETE WITH BOTH GEOLOGIST AND TECHNICIAN INVOLVED IN THE CONVERSION AND QUALITY CONTROL PROCESS. A NEW APPLICATION AND WORKFLOW HAVE BEEN INTRODUCED TO DIRECTLY DESCRIBE THE CORE VIA A STYLUS ON A TABLET. THE ERGONOMICS OF THE PROCESS IS SIMILAR TO THAT OF USING PENCIL AND PAPER BUT THE DIGITAL OUTPUT CAN BE FULLY INTEGRATED WITH GEOLOGY, PETROPHYSICS, AND MODELLING ENVIRONMENTS. COMPANY STANDARD LOG TEMPLATES, INCLUDING A UNIFORM LIBRARY OF SYMBOLS, PATTERNS AND STRUCTURES, PROVIDE A COMMON INTERPRETIVE ENVIRONMENT THAT BENEFITS CORRELATION AND RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS. PRIOR TO ADDRESSING THE CORE, GEOLOGISTS LOAD AND DISPLAY LOGGING DATA, CORE GAMMA AND PLUG DATA WHERE AVAILABLE TO ORIENTATE AND GUIDE THE DESCRIPTION. EXPORT ROUTINES ENSURE DATA GENERATED IS EASILY AVAILABLE TO THE CORPORATE DATA STORE AND OTHER ENTERPRISE LEVEL APPLICATIONS IN THE CRITICAL PATH OF RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION. AS A STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE WITHIN THE CORE LABORATORY, STAFF AND CONSULTANT GEOLOGISTS CAN DELIVER A CONSISTENT QUALITY OF FORMATION DATA. THESE TECHNOLOGIES HAVE BEEN SUCCESSFULLY APPLIED IN A GLOBAL MAJOR OIL OPERATOR AND IS A POTENTIALLY TOOL TO INTEGRATE THE LITHOFACIES FROM CORE HAVE BEEN CORRELATED WITH PETROPHYSICS DATA TO HELP GUIDE OPTIMAL FIELD DEVELOPMENT INCLUDING THE RE-CALIBRATION OF HYDROCARBON BEARING RESERVOIR FACIES DEPTHS THAT HAS INCREASED NET PAY.

CHARACTERISING A RESERVOIR IS A COMPLEX PROCESS REQUIRING DETAILED ANALYSIS AND PROCESSING OF ACQUIRED DATA. ROCK CORE EXTRACTED FROM WITHIN A RESERVOIR SERVES AS A VALUABLE, FIRST HAND INSIGHT INTO THE RESERVOIR. THE TIMELY DESCRIPTION AND INTERPRETATION OF THE CORE CAN HAVE A MAJOR IMPACT ON PROSPECT GENERATION AND FIELD DEVELOPMENT. THE ADOPTION OF A NEW DIGITAL CORE DESCRIPTION AND INTERPRETATION WORKFLOW HAS IMPROVED THE DELIVERY SPEED AND ACCURACY OF FORMATION DATA FOR RESERVOIR MODELLING. HISTORICALLY SEDIMENTOLOGISTS EXPRESSED THEIR INTERPRETATIONS WITH CREATIVITY, FLEXIBILITY AND PERSONALITY USING PENCIL AND PAPER. WITHIN THE ORGANISATION, PROCESSES TO ASSIMILATE THESE INTERPRETATIONS INTO A DIGITAL WORKFLOW REQUIRED RETROSPECTIVE DIGITISING OF THE PAPER SHEET. THIS CONVERSION COULD TAKE AS MUCH AS SIX HOURS AND TWO SEPARATE APPLICATIONS TO COMPLETE WITH BOTH GEOLOGIST AND TECHNICIAN INVOLVED IN THE CONVERSION AND QUALITY CONTROL PROCESS. A NEW APPLICATION AND WORKFLOW HAVE BEEN INTRODUCED TO DIRECTLY DESCRIBE THE CORE VIA A STYLUS ON A TABLET. THE ERGONOMICS OF THE PROCESS IS SIMILAR TO THAT OF USING PENCIL AND PAPER BUT THE DIGITAL OUTPUT CAN BE FULLY INTEGRATED WITH GEOLOGY, PETROPHYSICS, AND MODELLING ENVIRONMENTS. COMPANY STANDARD LOG TEMPLATES, INCLUDING A UNIFORM LIBRARY OF SYMBOLS, PATTERNS AND STRUCTURES, PROVIDE A COMMON INTERPRETIVE ENVIRONMENT THAT BENEFITS CORRELATION AND RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS. PRIOR TO ADDRESSING THE CORE, GEOLOGISTS LOAD AND DISPLAY LOGGING DATA, CORE GAMMA AND PLUG DATA WHERE AVAILABLE TO ORIENTATE AND GUIDE THE DESCRIPTION. EXPORT ROUTINES ENSURE DATA GENERATED IS EASILY AVAILABLE TO THE CORPORATE DATA STORE AND OTHER ENTERPRISE LEVEL APPLICATIONS IN THE CRITICAL PATH OF RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION. AS A STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE WITHIN THE CORE LABORATORY, STAFF AND CONSULTANT GEOLOGISTS CAN DELIVER A CONSISTENT QUALITY OF FORMATION DATA. THESE TECHNOLOGIES HAVE BEEN SUCCESSFULLY APPLIED IN A GLOBAL MAJOR OIL OPERATOR AND IS A POTENTIALLY TOOL TO INTEGRATE THE LITHOFACIES FROM CORE HAVE BEEN CORRELATED WITH PETROPHYSICS DATA TO HELP GUIDE OPTIMAL FIELD DEVELOPMENT INCLUDING THE RE-CALIBRATION OF HYDROCARBON BEARING RESERVOIR FACIES DEPTHS THAT HAS INCREASED NET PAY.

The properties of mirage images corresponding to a given atmospheric model can be graphically summarised in two distinct ways: the image space1, and the transfer characteristic2. The former shows the apparent heights of surfaces of constant elevation, and is useful for estimating images of objects that possess considerable longitudinal extent, i.e. varying distance from the observer. The transfer characteristic is more convenient for objects concentrated near a single plane at a fixed distance from the observer. Detailed image construction, however, is laborious with both representations: typically, the points on a line drawing of the object are individually mapped into new apparent positions and joined by straight lines to create a line drawing of the image3. Entry of object data is slow; either individual x,y coordinates are entered by hand, or the object can be traced on a digitising tablet. Because the computed image is still only a line drawing, it is not entirely satisfactory. Certainly it is not convincingly realistic when compared with a direct photograph of a mirage.