Thèses sur le sujet « Diffusione urbana »
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Molinari, Marta <1984>. « La città che cambia : la diffusione urbana. Mobilità residenziale e stili di vita emergenti nel Comune di Argelato (Bologna) ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4404/1/molinari_marta_tesi.pdf.
Texte intégralUrban Sprawl is the topic of my research. After a short overview on the qualitative and quantitative definitions of this phenomenon and a description of their limits, I introduce the history of urban sprawl in the western societies. Once my research topic is well-defined, I go on with the analysis of complex system of consequences of urban sprawl. Then I present the main sociological theories to interpret this phenomenon, and I describe the features of the forms assumed by urban sprawl: there is no homogeneity in suburban landscapes indeed, but a wide variety in the forms that urban sprawl can assume. If this first part of my research is based on the north-American context and literature, in the second part I focus on Europe: I consider in particular the emerging of urban sprawl in this part of the world, and I also try to describe both similarities and differences between Europe and North-America. Finally, I consider the state of urban sprawl in our country. The last part of my research is empirical. If there are many elements that characterize urban sprawl, I tried to check which ones can be found in a small area near the city of Bologna, in order to understand if we can talk about a “periurban Bologna” and which are its peculiar elements.
Molinari, Marta <1984>. « La città che cambia : la diffusione urbana. Mobilità residenziale e stili di vita emergenti nel Comune di Argelato (Bologna) ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4404/.
Texte intégralUrban Sprawl is the topic of my research. After a short overview on the qualitative and quantitative definitions of this phenomenon and a description of their limits, I introduce the history of urban sprawl in the western societies. Once my research topic is well-defined, I go on with the analysis of complex system of consequences of urban sprawl. Then I present the main sociological theories to interpret this phenomenon, and I describe the features of the forms assumed by urban sprawl: there is no homogeneity in suburban landscapes indeed, but a wide variety in the forms that urban sprawl can assume. If this first part of my research is based on the north-American context and literature, in the second part I focus on Europe: I consider in particular the emerging of urban sprawl in this part of the world, and I also try to describe both similarities and differences between Europe and North-America. Finally, I consider the state of urban sprawl in our country. The last part of my research is empirical. If there are many elements that characterize urban sprawl, I tried to check which ones can be found in a small area near the city of Bologna, in order to understand if we can talk about a “periurban Bologna” and which are its peculiar elements.
PAGLIARIN, SOFIA. « Territorial dispersion patterns of residential areas. Urban sprawl as an outcome of multi--scalar territorial governance processes of land bargaining in the Barcelona and Milan metropolitan regions ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/54097.
Texte intégralLo sprawl urbano è definito come un processo di dispersione territoriale delle aree residenziali, ed è concepito come un prodotto di processi di governance. Si assume che la dispersione urbana, considerata come un tipo di trasformazione di uso del suolo, abbia origine dalle decisioni di determinati attori sulla gestione e l'allocazione del suolo. In questa ricerca, si propone un modello teorico, applicato empiricamente nei casi studio di Barcellona e Milano, nel tentativo di spiegare le diverse traiettorie di sviluppo delle aree suburbane nelle due città, essendo Barcellona relativamente più compatta di Milano. Lo sprawl urbano è misurato quantitativamente sulla base di una serie di scale spaziali per un periodo di circa 50 anni. L'analisi condotta suggerisce che, ai fini del contenimento del consumo di suolo, ed in specifico dello sprawl urbano, non soltanto la scala metropolitana è significativa, ma anche il potere del governo regionale sulle strategie territoriali è determinante.
Raiher, Augusta Pelinski. « Padrão de desenvolvimento econômico dos municípios no Paraná : disparidade, dispersão e fatores exôgenos ». Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2007. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/2151.
Texte intégralThis research main objetive is to analyze the profile, the spatiality and the influence of the hexogen factors on the economic development of the municipal districts of Paraná. For that, nineteen economic and social indicators were used that formed the degree of development of each municipal district of Paraná in the year of 2004 and 1979. With those data, the municipal districts were ranked, being classified in developed, in development and underdeveloped, estimating the influence of the state investments (hexogen factors) on the economic development. As a result, three conclusion lines were evidenced: the first refers to the complementary existent among the variables that form the economic development in Paraná and their multiplying effects, fundamental for the process of the economic development. The second conclusion line refers to the process of the economic development of the State, verifying an increase of developed and in development municipal districts, with the formation of two development corridors and of an agglomerate of municipal districts in development in the West area. It was observed that the developed and in development municipal districts are located mainly in the edges of the State, close to the municipal districts that were in development in the year of 1979, signaling a diffusion of the development for proximity. The underdeveloped municipal districts are located mainly in the centre of the State, where there was not practically any municipal district in development in 1979. The third conclusion line refers to the effect that the investments of the State have on the economic development. That association between development and state inversions was delineated through a model of quadratic regression, in which it was verified that the increase in the investments of the State elevates the degree of development of their municipal districts, nonetheless to decreasing rates. This way the action of the State in the development of the municipal districts is relevant, with a larger efficiency of their inversions in the beginning of the development process; however, in the same rate that the State intensifies its investments, making available a better infrastructure, with larger social and economic investments, it is created an internal dynamism that drives the economic development by itself. Also, the influence of the State inversions on the development was regionally analyzed, verifying significant discrepancies as for the meaning of that relationship; nevertheless, independently of the magnitude and of the format of the relationship among those variables, the government of the State has a relevant participation in the economic development of the municipal districts of Paraná. And it should consider which form will be its performance in each area with the intention of not wasting either efforts or resources, promoting, indeed, a development
O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar o perfil, a espacialidade e a influência dos fatores exógenos sobre o desenvolvimento econômico dos municípios paranaenses. Para isso, utilizaram-se dezenove indicadores econômicos e sociais que formaram o grau de desenvolvimento de cada município do Paraná no ano de 2004 e em 1979. Com esses dados, hierarquizou-se os municípios, classificando-os em desenvolvido, em desenvolvimento e subdesenvolvidos, estimando a influência dos investimentos estatais (fatores exógenos) sobre o desenvolvimento econômico. Como resultado, evidenciaram-se três linhas de conclusão: A primeira refere-se a complementariedade existente entre as variáveis que formam o desenvolvimento econômico no Paraná e seus efeitos multiplicativos, fundamentais para o processo do desenvolvimento econômico. A segunda linha de conclusão refere-se ao perfil de desenvolvimento do Estado, verificando um aumento de municípios desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento, com a formação de dois corredores de desenvolvimento e de um aglomerado de municípios em desenvolvimento na região Oeste. Observou-se que os municípios em desenvolvimento e os desenvolvidos localizam-se principalmente nos extremos do Estado, próximos dos municípios que estavam em desenvolvimento no ano de 1979, sinalizando uma difusão do desenvolvimento por contigüidade. Já, os municípios subdesenvolvidos localizam-se principalmente no Centro do Estado, região na qual não se tinha praticamente nenhum município em desenvolvimento em 1979. A terceira linha de conclusão refere-se ao efeito que os investimentos do Estado têm sobre o desenvolvimento econômico. Essa associação entre desenvolvimento e inversões estatais foi delineada através de um modelo de regressão quadrática, na qual verificou-se que o aumento nos investimentos do Estado eleva o grau de desenvolvimento dos seus municípios, porém a taxas decrescentes. Desta forma, a ação do Estado no desenvolvimento dos municípios é relevante, com uma eficiência maior das suas inversões no início de processo de desenvolvimento; porém, na medida que o Estado intensifica seus investimentos, disponibilizando uma melhor infra-estrutura, com maiores investimentos sociais e econômicos, cria-se um dinamismo interno que conduz por si só o desenvolvimento econômico. Também se analisou regionalmente a influência das inversões do Estado sobre o desenvolvimento, verificando significativas discrepâncias quanto à acepção dessa relação; contudo, independentemente da magnitude e do formato da relação entre essas variáveis, o governo do Estado tem uma participação relevante no desenvolvimento econômico dos municípios paranaenses, devendo ponderar de que forma será a sua atuação em cada região com o intuito de não desperdiçar esforços e nem recursos, promovendo, efetivamente, um desenvolvimento
Campedelli, Alessandro <1975>. « Il dominio romano in Dalmatia : diffusione del modello urbano e culturale ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2993/1/CAMPEDELLI_ALESSANDRO_IL_DOMINIO_ROMANO_IN_DALMATIA%2C_DIFFUSIONE_DEL_MODELLO_URBANO_E_CULTURALE.pdf.
Texte intégralCampedelli, Alessandro <1975>. « Il dominio romano in Dalmatia : diffusione del modello urbano e culturale ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2993/.
Texte intégralWen, Yuming. « Spatial diffusion model for simulation of urban land cover change / ». View online ; access limited to URI, 2004. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3147805.
Texte intégralKim, Jung Hwa M. C. P. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. « International diffusion practice : lessons from South Korea's New Village Movement ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81150.
Texte intégralCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 104-111).
This research focuses on how South Korea's development model-namely, the Saemaul Undong, or the New Village Movement-is diffused internationally, in particular, to the developing country of Vietnam. South Korea's successful model has been diffused through various different channels for years, mostly in the form of foreign aid projects. Due to the prevailing view that international diffusion practices take place homogenously (in a near-universally standardized manner) within the recipient communities, and due to the propensity on the part of both donor and recipient governments to highlight only successful cases of diffusion while not publicizing those that have failed, several key questions, such as, how diffusion actually takes place, or how each project is likely to bring about different outcomes based on who initiates or leads the project, and to what extent this particular South Korean model has been viable and sustainable in the recipient country, remain largely unveiled. This research, therefore, aims to analyze the role of each stakeholder and how these stakeholders-either personnel or institutions-make an impact on the degree of diffusion of the Saemaul Undong process. It seeks to differentiate the impact of diffusion between short-term or one-time aid projects and those that have managed to become a sustainable development model in the recipient community. To be specific, the roles of politicians, administrative officials at the local level, non-governmental agents, external factors, and minor actors are investigated at the micro-level.
by Jung Hwa Kim.
M.C.P.
Reculin, Sophie. « "Le règne de la nuit désormais va finir". L'invention et la diffusion de l'éclairage public dans le royaume de France (1697-1789) ». Thesis, Lille 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL30034/document.
Texte intégralThe thesis proposes to understand the beginnings of street lighting before the invention of gas and electricity, as an object of total urban history. It analyses the process of introducing, spreading and appropriating street lighting throughout the Kingdom of France between 1697 - when public lanterns were imposed by the monarchy in the main cities of the Kingdom of France - and the revolutionary period. Although the measure was first contested by the municipalities and some of the inhabitants, from the 1770s onwards it became a mark of urbanity and an instrument of control. Based on the abundant documentation from municipal, departmental and national archives, the thesis studies the transition from "illumination" to "public lighting". The aim is to understand the decision-making process between central, provincial and local authorities, as well as the circulation of knowledge and experience in the field of lighting. The growing interest of urban populations in this new technical object led to its improvement and then to the adoption of the « réverbère » that replaced the candlelight lantern at the beginning of the Revolution. The thesis also analyses the economic, financial and social conditions of lighting development, through the figure of the entrepreneur, the street lighter and the expert. The influence of the Tourtille Sangrain company played a decisive role in the spread of urban lighting during the last third of the 18th century. Finally, it is a question of questioning the reception of innovation by city dwellers and the "cultural revolution" (D. Roche) induced in the city's night-time uses
White, Louis Arthur. « Atmospheric dispersion in and over model urban canopies ». Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company ; downloadable PDF file, 257 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1597633541&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Texte intégralCherin, Nicolas. « Caractérisation des sources de polluants atmosphériques et de leurs dépôts sur les bassins versants urbains ». Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1057/document.
Texte intégralPas de résumés
Tagle, Laura. « Inadvertently reaching the poor : the diffusion of small scale irrigation in northeast Brazil ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35475.
Texte intégralWhitacre, Brian E. « Bridging the Rural - Urban Digital Divide in Residential Internet Access ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29102.
Texte intégralPh. D.
Le, Guen Marie. « Austin (tx) ville modèle, ville modelée : la (r)évolution de la culture de l'aménagement urbain dans une ville créative en plein essor ». Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2002/document.
Texte intégralThe urban planning field strongly structures the Texas capital’s local political life. The actors confront each others on planning issues, ranging from the simple zoning case to the more complex elaboration of a comprehensive plan. The tense relationships between the actors in this domain are taking place against a backdrop of rapid demographic and economic growth, which sharpens urban development issues. While Austin's attractiveness is set as an exemplary model of the success of creative class theory, the goal of this work is to reveal the role of the various types of models in the structuring and evolution of Austin’s planning culture.The first section specifies the research objects and develops an appropriate methodology. The study of the urban planning culture is based on the analysis of urban planning professionals and on the comparative analysis of urban planning cultures, adapting them to a larger variety of actors to take into account all the people involved through a spatial strategy. The different types of active models in the global discursive and comparative urban planning community are first defined, then considered in the light of the policy mobility studies.The second section traces the history of Austin's urbanization through the lens of the theoretical models used to study its development, while pointing out the prevailing urban models at each period. The construction of contemporary models is analyzed through their dialectical relationship with the case of Austin in order to emphasize the mechanisms of scientific modeling and the reciprocal influence between these theoretical models and the urban planning actors.The third section analyzes Austin’s planning system, its governance and the conception of the urban planning held by the various groups of actors involved. It shows that beyond epistemic communities, real cultural communities are formed around policies imagined to overcome contemporary planning issues.The last section deepens the analysis of the actors’ interplay and of preveiling urban models thanks to a planning tool: the comprehensive plan. It highlights the mechanisms of cultural evolution in the field of planning and reveals the actors’ strategies to promote new urban models.The depth of the fractures revealed within the planning field explains the difficulties for its system to evolve. Its processes therefore remain very tense and litigious. The development of a common culture of planning could gradually restore a bond of trust and replace the mistrust that, for the moment, stalls the process of adaptation to the new urban realities of an emerging big large city
Troufleau, Pascal. « La diffusion de l'habitat et sa réglementation ». Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010511.
Texte intégralThe spread of urbanization is not only a matter of soil consumption or of propensity for detached houses. The regional traditions of settlement, the forms of urbanization, the type of localization and the geographical location act on the process and are part of the phenomenon. The small towns of Picardy, for instance, build more or less houses, according to the nearness of Paris. But the local consumption of space is also determined by the socioeconomic features, the types of planning permision petitioner and the use of development plans. The geographical consequences of these ones are important because of their present generalization. But they are inappropriate in the cases of low dynamism and in the rural districts. As a matter of fact, it's the local level of the French development plans which poses a problem for an harmonious spread of urbanization and which hinders a good adaptation of the land supply to the regional demand for housing
Cohen, Kalyn Culler 1958. « Giving voice to ideas : the role description plays in the diffusion of radical innovations ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65258.
Texte intégralIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 134-144).
One of the more stable findings in the "diffusion and knowledge utilization" literature is that simple innovations. those compatible with the existing practices in a field. are spread more easily than those which challenge standard practice. Yet it is the more radical innovations that hold special promise for advancing the practice of a field. Using an action research methodology. the author studied the diffusion of radical innovations in two very different programmatic settings. first in an undergraduate affirmative action program on a university campus and later in a philanthropic-driven effort to fund charitable work with recoverable investments rather than grants--a practice that is called "program-related Investing." The two programs together served as test cases--one as a precipitating paradox and the other as a conscious experiment--in overcoming barriers to the diffusion of an important category of innovations: innovations that require individuals to practice in new ways and acquire new skills, that cause some disruption to the broader organization and that involve the "soft" technologies of knowledge rather than the "hard" material technologies. The literature treated diffuser's descriptions of their innovations as self-evident. whereas the author found that diffusers of these radical. practice innovations unintentionally gave incomplete and in some cases misleading descriptions of their work. An argument is made that effective description must do more than represent the original innovation with some accuracy. It must enable diffusers to teach those aspects of their practice which am difficult for them to make explicit by including opportunities for practicing side-by -side. whether these be through simulated practice worlds or actual ones. It must also enable appropriate transformation of the innovation. This can be best accomplished by structuring a dialogue between diffusers and (potential) users to lift up multiple descriptions of the practice. It is the process of comparing such descriptions that allows diffusers and users to build up an understanding both of the essence of the innovation and of ways in which transformations may preserve or damage this essence.
by Kalyn Culler Cohen.
Ph.D.
Li, Xianxiang. « Large-eddy simulation of wind flow and air pollutant transport inside urban street canyons of different aspect ratios ». Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40687326.
Texte intégralPereira, Fúlvio Teixeira de Barros. « Difusão da arquitetura moderna na cidade de João Pessoa (1956-1974) ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18142/tde-21072008-142851/.
Texte intégralDiffusion of modern architecture in Brazil is accosted while this process is dealing with João Pessoa city between 1956 and 1974, because a period of intense modern production was revealed there in spite of its limited local architect\'s group. To explain, based on relation between architecture and city, what were the agents which promoted this architecture, how it was demonstrated itself in the urban space and how it was represented then are intended. The study is based in interviews with architects who were in activity at that moment and analyses of projects, constructions, articles and publicities of magazines and newspapers from that time while public and private buildings and urbanistic interventions are approaching. The diversity of languages manifested in spite of constant attention to simplicity and economy of construction and the focus on no-locals values, like it was also represented by press, are perceived.
Agatstein, Jessica C. « Localities and their natural gas : stories of problem diffusion, state preemption, and local government capacity ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81145.
Texte intégralCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-41).
The rapid rise of oil and gas production in the United States poses a new set of policy challenges for local governments. Striving to balance the goals of encouraging economic growth and mitigating its side effects, local governments across the country-especially the small, rural communities where most drilling occurs-are developing an impressive array of policy tools to limit the consequences of oil and gas drilling. In this thesis, I explore how local governments have mitigated the side effects of the oil and gas extraction process in very different ways, using case studies from Washington County, Idaho; Dryden, New York; and Erie, Colorado. I find that these localities' stories reflect three important trends in local policy-making. First, the amount of regulatory authority states grant to localities helps explain why local governments are choosing different policy options, though state preemption is still not preventing localities from regulating oil and gas. Second, in the process of regulating drilling, local governments are undergoing what I call "problem diffusion." Rather than participating in policy diffusion, in which neighboring communities replicate policy solutions, all three localities developed their policies based on their neighbors' problems with oil and gas. And third, these localities were able to create and pass complex oil and gas policies because they didn't have the financial or technical constraints often attributed to local governments of small, rural communities. Instead, they actively navigated around existing state statutes; did extensive research on policy options, aided by a wealth of online resources; and even prompted state legislative action.
by Jessica C. Agatstein.
M.C.P.
Lin, Trista Shuenying. « Smart parking : Network, infrastructure and urban service ». Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0138/document.
Texte intégralSmart parking, allowing drivers to access parking information through their smart-phone, is proposed to ease drivers' pain. We first spotlight the manner to collect parking information by introducing the multi-hop sensor network architecture, and how the network is formed. We then introduce the traffic intensity models by looking at the vehicle's arrival and departure probabilities, following the heavy-tailed distribution. We study the deployment strategy of wireless on-street parking sensor layouts. We define a multiple-objective problem and solve it with two real street parking maps. In turn, we present a Publish-Subscribe service system to provide good parking information to drivers. We illustrate the system with a vehicular network and point out the importance of content and context of a driver’s message. To evaluate the resilience, we propose an extended Publish-Subscribe model, and evaluate it under different unforeseen circumstances. Our work is based on the premise that large-scale parking sensors are deployed in the city. We look at the whole picture of urban service from viewpoint of the municipality. As such, we shed light on two main topics: the information collection on sensor deployment and an extended version of Publish-Subscribe messaging paradigm. Our work gives a guideline from network-related perspectives for city before launching a smart parking or any similar real-time urban service. It also provides a meaningful evaluation platform for testing more realistic datasets, such as real vehicle traces or network traffic
MICHEL, SOPHIE. « La diffusion des services aux entreprises dans les systemes urbains francais : ouest-allemand et britannique (1850-1990) ». Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010531.
Texte intégralLooking at economic innovation's diffusion in three countries, is a way to enhance and explore urban systems pattern's influence on the system's functioning. West-germany, france and great-britain have been chosen, as each of them represent a very specific urban systems' type : the centralised type is represented with france, the polarised type with great- britain, and the network type with west-germany. A specific homogenised database is used here, built out from companies directories (the kompass ones). A diffusion process operate along three phases (appearance, expansion and saturation) which find their spatial counterparts in an urban perspective : a small number of cities is reached in the appearance phase, a great number in the expansion phase, a small number of remote cities in the saturation phase. Baring this in mind, national structural differences, due to the urban system's hierarchy could be enlighted. In a network type of system, as that of west- germany, a great number of high rank cities intensifies the diffusion speed in the appearance phase, whereas the process is slowed down in the expansion phase ; so much, that at the end of the period, the saturation stage is still to be reached. The opposite occurs in a centralised type of system as that of france : a very small number of cities is first reached, as the metropolitan level is poor and unbalanced with a very primatial capital city ; during the expansion phase, a large number of cities is concerned, and the diffusion's speed is high, so much that the saturation phase starts in 1990. In a polarised type, as that of great-britain, the diffusion speeds is high both in the appearance and the expansion phases. Tracing producer service's spatial diffusion from 1850, allows to underline a global tendency to add to the strength of the existing urban hierarchy rather than upset it. Indeed the activity is enhancing a major gap between a superior level of cities and the rest of the national urban system
Johnson, Craig A. « The Diffusion of Geospatial Technologies Among Louisiana Assessors ». ScholarWorks@UNO, 2013. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1638.
Texte intégralLai, Kwong-kei Murphy. « Two-dimensional computational study on indoor/outdoor air quality relationship in urban buildings ». Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38725149.
Texte intégralTirico, Michele. « Morphogenesis of complex networks. : An application in urban growth ». Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMLH17.
Texte intégralThe characteristics, functions and morphogenetic processes of a large number of complex spatial networks are influenced by the position and the geometry of their constituent elements. In this work, we address the computational aspects of the morphogenesis of complex networks by proposing a general model, simulating their formation. The networks are generated under the influence of constraints expressed through a vector field that is determined using a reaction-diffusion system. We use the Gray-Scott model to produce a wide variety of dynamic patterns. The resulting vector field controls the geometry and the growth rate of the constructed network that feeds back the reaction-diffusion process. A study was carried out on the influence of the patterns and feedback processes on the structure of the obtained networks using measures from graph theory and multi-fractality theory. A process of validation and evaluation of the model's behaviour was carried out and applied by comparing the networks obtained to largest French cities and the most relevant geometric planar graphs
Güldas, Yasar [Verfasser], et Frank C. [Akademischer Betreuer] Englmann. « Adoption and diffusion of electric trucks in urban freight transport / Yasar Güldas ; Betreuer : Frank C. Englmann ». Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1190645505/34.
Texte intégralRolf, Kusch. « Sustainable urban planning : A comparative analysis on the diffusion of bicycle infrastructure in Utrecht and Stockholm ». Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk historia och internationella relationer, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-193916.
Texte intégralCheung, Ching. « Effect of heat flux on wind flow and pollutant dispersion in an urban street canyon ». Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37742498.
Texte intégralGuillouzouic, Arthur. « Local public goods and the geography of economic activity ». Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IEPP0030.
Texte intégralThis thesis studies how heterogeneity in the quality of local public goods may influence the geography of economic activity, through the study of two mechanisms generating such heterogeneity. In the first two chapters, the local public good I study is technological knowledge. The analysis is rooted in a vast body of literature showing that knowledge flows exhibit a strong spatial bias. The first chapter studies the dynamics of link formation between innovators, and their link with the aggregate effect of distance on knowledge flows. The analysis shows that innovators learn about new knowledge gradually, using the contacts of their own contacts. Inserting this fact in a network formation model yields predictions about the size of innovators and a relation between size and the distance of citations, which are met in the data. The second chapter takes these local innovation networks as given, and investigates how they influence firms’ location choices through their decisions to relocate R&D labs. I show that innovative firms are more mobile than the average firm, and that denser innovation networks attract them while a poor position in their local network makes them more likely to leave. I then study theoretically the problem faced by firms able to relocate their R&D labs with limited information about the other locations.The third chapter studies a different problem in which a local public good provided by the public sector is spatially heterogeneous, due to wages set centrally. It shows that public sector workers exert positive spillovers on private sector workers, implying that heterogeneous levels of public good provision distort the geography of private sector activity
Ionescu, Anda. « Contribution à la compréhension de la dispersion des polluants atmosphériques en zone urbaine ». Paris 12, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA120059.
Texte intégralBJARTMAR, HYLTA SANNE, et PETRA SÖDERBERG. « Smart Locks for Smart Customers ? : A Study of the Diffusion of Smart Locks in an Urban Area ». Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-223895.
Texte intégralUgulu, Anthony Ifeanyi. « The determinants of decentralised photovoltaic (PV) adoption in urban Nigeria and a verified model for rapid diffusion ». Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/3131.
Texte intégralCheng, Wai-chi, et 鄭偉智. « Wind and pollutant removal of urban street canyons under different thermal stratification by RANS and LES models ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46289653.
Texte intégralSoulhac, Lionel. « Modélisation de la dispersion atmosphérique à l'intérieur de la canopée urbaine ». Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ECDL0007.
Texte intégralThere are many practical situations in which it is necessary to evaluate the impact of urban air pollution on health and the environment. Often, this demands rather fine scale modelling of air flow and dispersion, at the scale of the street or the quartier. In such cases it is usually necessary to include the influence of a large number of irregularly-shaped buildings. This requires the development and application of simplified, practical models, which are based on the main underlying physical phenomena. One approach which is commonly used to estimate pollutant concentrations in an isolated street is the street canyon model. Although flow and dispersion in an isolated street have been the subject of many investigations in the past, and several practical models have been proposed for idealised configurations, many questions remain unanswered. The aims of this investigation are therefore to improve our understanding of the fundamental processes which govern flow and dispersion in a single street or a group of streets, and to develop simple, operational models for these situations. The research has been carried out using numerical and experimental techniques. Numerical simulations have been carried out using the three-dimensional atmospheric boundary layer code MERCURE (a RANS model with a k-є closure) and the experiments were performed in the atmospheric wind tunnel at the Ecole Centrale de Lyon. Fluid velocities and gas concentrations were measured using LDA and FID. Initially, we studied the influence of street geometry (aspect ratio, asymmetry) on flow and dispersion within the street, when the wind blows perpendicular to the street. We have developed a model for pollutant concentrations, based on a solution of the advection-diffusion equation in a potential flow. Next we studied the influence of the direction of the wind relative to the axis of the street, and we show that the problem can be decomposed into flow parallel and perpendicular to the street. In the third part of the study we investigated the influence of street geometry and wind direction on flow and dispersion at street intersections; we show that the flow within the streets plays an important role in determining the exchange of material within the intersection. Based on these results, we then develop a model which extends the street canyon concept to a network of connected streets. This makes it possible to study the atmospheric dispersion of pollutants at the scale of the quartier. All the models developed during this work have been compared with the results from numerical simulations and experiments, and the agreement is generally good. As a final test of the models, we have used them to simulate dispersion in part of the 6th arrondissement of Lyon; the calculated concentrations show surprisingly good agreement with concentrations measured by an atmospheric pollution monitor located there
Li, Xianxiang, et 李顯祥. « Large-eddy simulation of wind flow and air pollutant transport inside urban street canyons of different aspect ratios ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40687326.
Texte intégralCheung, Ching, et 張靜. « Effect of heat flux on wind flow and pollutant dispersion in an urban street canyon ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37742498.
Texte intégralDuvivier, Chloé. « Does Urban Proximity Enhance Rural Development in China ? » Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF10414/document.
Texte intégralThis dissertation studies whether cities enhance development in nearby rural areas in China. First, we recount the evolution of urban-rural relations since the Maoist period (Chapter 1). While rural areas were sacrificed in favor of cities for decades, since the early 2000s the government has indicated that cities should “support the countryside". Nowadays, a high number of investments have been realized to strengthen linkages between urban and rural areas with the aim of enabling cities to promote rural development. However, very little is known about the effective impact of cities on nearby rural areas in the specific Chinese context. The present dissertation aims at providing a detailed analysis of the role of cities on rural areas in order to assess whether strengthening urban-rural linkages is an effective rural development strategy. After having defined what we mean by urban and rural areas in China (Chapter 2), we provide a review of the literature on the role of cities in rural development (Chapter 3). The following three chapters present empirical investigations. The first empirical test focuses on the effect of cities on the agricultural sector of nearby rural areas (Chapter 4). We then study the impact of cities on the rural non-agricultural sector (Chapter 5). Finally, after having focused on the economic impact of cities, we investigate the effect of cities on rural development by testing whether urban proximity significantly increases rural pollution in China (Chapter 6). In the light of the results obtained, we consider whether relying on cities to enhance rural development could be an effective strategy (Chapter 7)
Nguyen, Ngoc Truong Minh. « Caractérisation de la diffusion bistatique du champ électromagnétique par un environnement urbain : modèle et applications ». Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066372.
Texte intégralPätsch, Carolin Verfasser], et Silke [Gutachter] [Weidner. « The capacity of institutional innovation following the diffusion of urban plans. Explorations of impacts of an urban master plan in Kigali, Rwanda. / Carolin Pätsch ; Gutachter : Silke Weidner ». Cottbus : BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1150705515/34.
Texte intégralLai, Kwong-kei Murphy, et 賴廣麒. « Two-dimensional computational study on indoor/outdoor air quality relationship in urban buildings ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38725149.
Texte intégralHolbrook, Beverley. « Do ICTs Matter ? : the diffusion of information and communication technologies in Wales, the Republic of Ireland and the South East of England ». Thesis, University of Sussex, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357657.
Texte intégralNciri, Aida. « The divergent diffusion of district energy systems in France and Alberta : state politics and the socio-material and socio-spatial construction of low-carbon transitions ». Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC2192.
Texte intégralHow do different state structures and urban and energy socio-material contexts explain the uneven diffusion of district energy systems (DES) in urban areas of France and Alberta between 2000 and 2014 ? To answer this question, this thesis analyses the processes inherent to low-carbon energy transitions through socio-spatial and socio-material lenses, considering power relations and state structure. At the intersection of urban planning and energy systems, DES proves practical to explore the nexus between low-carbon governance, energy governance, and urban governance. Theoretical frameworks employed in the analysis include 1) recent contributions from (urban) transition studies and socio-technical systems ; 2) a Lefebvrian conceptualisation of socio-space and social changes ; and 3) Jessop’s (1990, 2008) strategic-relational approach of state power. An original inter-scale comparative research allows for examining the uneven construction of low-carbon energy policies in France and Alberta, and their relations with state structures, and existing urban and energy systems. Jessop et al.’s Territory-Place-Scale-Network (TPSN) framework is mobilised to overcome the issues of commensurability and spontaneous comparison. These theoretical and methodological approaches provide a robust demonstration that the provincial scale in Canada, and the national scale in France, are the scales dominating the construction of low-carbon energy transitions and urban governance. Despite similar state powers, French and Albertan governments developed different state policies on low-carbon transition, highlighting selectivity in the exercise of state capacities. They differently engaged and enabled local urban governments and developed different state interventions on DES. In France, state-sponsored DES activated new channels of growth compatible with existing dominant socio-materialities; in Alberta, state-funded DES experiments failed to activate new channels of growth compatible with dominant socio-materialities. This thesis posits that selective construction of low-carbon policies depends on the material interests of dominant energy and state actors. In other words, the state does not seek to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by all means. Rather, it seeks to reproduce dominant socio-material status quo, adapting low-carbon policies to existing socio-material configuration. Ultimately, this thesis validates how the concepts of state structure and the TPSN framework can enrich the theorisation of space and power relations for (urban) transition studies
Petrucci, Guido. « La diffusion du contrôle à la source des eaux pluviales urbaines : confrontation des pratiques à la rationalité hydrologique ». Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00793159.
Texte intégralBesson, Raphaël. « Les Systèmes Urbains Cognitifs : des supports privilégiés de production et de diffusion d'innovations ? : études des cas de 22@Barcelona (Barcelone), GIANT/Presqu'île (Grenoble), Distrito tecnológico et Distrito de Diseño (Buenos Aires) ». Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00954267.
Texte intégralColle, Stéphane. « Modélisation des champs diffus en acoustique urbaine par la théorie des transports : développements théoriques et mise en forme numérique ». Le Mans, 2006. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2006/2006LEMA1031.pdf.
Texte intégralThis work has contributed to the development of a new propagation model of diffuse sound fields in urban acoustics, making it possible to take analytically into account the whole phenomena involved in the propagation (i. E. The diffuse reflection and, at least, on the principle, other phenomena such as the atmospheric attenuation, the micrometeorological effect. . . ). Based on an energetic and probabilistic approach, this model consista in decomposing the sound wave into a sum of sound particles (or phonons) in the propagation medium (i. E. A street). The distribution function of the phonons then follows a transport equation, whose boundary conditions consider the absorption coefficients and the reflection law (specular and/or diffuse) of the façades. In its most general form, the problem does not admit an analytical solution. For narrow streets, the use of an asymptotic approach makes it nevertheless possible to express the distribution and the deerease of sound energy through a diffusion equation. The problem is then reduced to the determination of the diffusion coefficient (function of the street characteristics), and to the calculation of an exchange coefficient modelling the absorption by the openings of the street. This approach, initially developed by Le Pollès, was generalized for streets made up of non-absorbing walls, characterized by A\w\n (n > 2) reflection laws on both sides of the street. Under these conditions, the analytical developments show that the diffusion coefficient depends on the street width, on the reflection laws and on the façades accommodation coefficient. This last coefficient represents the ratio between the specular and diffuse reflection. In addition, this development shows that in the case of a narrow street, the diffusion process only occurs in the median plane of the street, the density of sound energv being uniform on a transverse line of the street. The mathematical solutions were successfully compared to numerical simulations using the SPPS code, which is the direct application of the particles model. Due to the inability of the asymptotic development to take into account the acoustic absorption of the façades, a new approach inducing a damping in the propagation medium was proposed. This development was analytically performed, but its practical use requires numerical resolutions of integrals. Finally a numerical application of the diffusion model was proposed using a finite elements software (and the theoretical results of the above-mentioned diffusion model). This numerical approach makes it possible to model easily and quickly the sound propagation in complex urban areas, in multi-sources environments. Several examples are proposed and show the general interest of our work for the development of a simple and fast software, making it possible to carry out acoustic predictions in complex urban configurations
Sundström, Emelie, et Emma Södergren. « Going the Extra Mile : Urban Delivery of Large Goods ». Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-300176.
Texte intégralI och med ökande e-handel och stigande befolkning i städer, i kombination med en pågående klimatkris, intensifieras ansträngningar för att förbättra existerande transportalternativ. Därmed ökar mängden av forskning som fokuserar på last-mile delivery (ungefär sista milen-leverans), med andra ord den sista biten av en transportsträcka innan en vara når slutkunden. Innovativa leveranslösningar, som drar nytta av ny teknik eller nya affärsmodeller, håller snabbt på att bli en nödvändighet för att upprätthålla kundnöjdhet, samtidigt som leveransers kostnadseffektivitet och hållbarhet måste säkerställas. Utmaningarna som är associerade med sista milen är särskilt svårlösta när det kommer till stort gods, vilket är kollin som är signifikant större än vanliga paket som skulle få plats i en brevlåda eller postbox, och inkluderar bland annat möbler, vitvaror och andra skrymmande varor. Trots att leverans av stort gods utgör en omfattande marknad så är den befintliga forskningen begränsad vad gäller hur nya last-mile-innovationer kan användas för stort gods; detta diskuteras framförallt i samband med vanliga paket. Denna uppsats är en explorativ och kvalitativ studie som tar avstamp i en bakgrund som beskriver viktiga transporttrender och vidare analyserar tre städer (Barcelona, San Francisco och Seoul), samt en fjärde stad (Stockholm) som både analyseras och diskuteras för potentiell implementation. Detta utförs i form av en fallstudie där datan inkluderar en litteraturstudie samt intervjuer med representanter från företaget IKEA. Flertalet last-mile-leveranskoncept förklaras och analyseras med Rogers’ teori för innovationers spridning. Studien gav insikter om hur en blandning av olika lösningar har uppkommit på de undersökta marknaderna, i huvudsak beroende av sociala, tekniska och legala faktorer. Fastän de flesta i teorin skulle kunna appliceras på medelstort till stort gods i framtiden så finns det idag olika svårigheter som bromsar införandet av dessa på en kommersiell skala; teknisk och legal mognad verkar vara de huvudsakliga hindren. Paketleveranser spelar en viktig roll i att driva på kundernas förväntningar, vilket tvingar försäljare av stora varor att utveckla sina leveranser för att inte tappa sin omsättning. Ekosystem av leveranslösningar kommer troligen att utvecklas i framtiden för att möta kundernas krav på flexibilitet. Vad gäller konkreta lösningar identifieras elektriska lastcyklar, upphämtningsställen och grannskapsleveranser som passande för dagens Stockholm, och följande tredjepartsavtal, fysiska egenskaper och plattformar diskuteras i implementationssammanhang. Fortsatt föreslås framtida studier att överväga ytterligare modeller för att vidareutveckla och generalisera implementationskrav, samt att fördjupa analysen av ekosystem relaterade till last-mile-leveranser genom att undersöka involverade aktörer för de föreslagna lösningarna.
Cambone, Marie. « La médiation patrimoniale à l’épreuve du « numérique » : Analyse de dispositifs de médiation de l’espace urbain patrimonial ». Thesis, Avignon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AVIG1160/document.
Texte intégralAt the beginning of our research in 2010, there was great interest in the advent of the digital era and its impact in the field of cultural heritage. In light of this and the increasingly numerous debates about it, we wondered what “digital phenomena” adds to (or detracts from) the cultural heritage experience. The change of support does not necessarily (rarely even) changes heritage mediation practices, therefore, for the purposes of this research, the term digital refers not to digital technology but the concept of “digital” as a social phenomenon with everything that this implies through speeches, imagination, practices and expectations. To move beyond the discussions about technology, we have chosen to study a limited number of fields (the Cité Internationale Universitaire de Paris and the Mont-Royal in Montreal) and opt for a socio-semiotic approach. This thesis shows that a same device, the interactive map, can offer multiple possibilities for cultural mediation, between documentary mediation and cultural mediation. It also calls into question a possible reconfiguration of the roles of mediator and visitor in the digital forum: far from upsetting the function and identity of heritage institutions, digital devices implemented in these two fields strengthen their legitimacy as cultural mediators
Boino, Paul. « L'intégration fonctionnelle des centres urbains secondaires dans la métropole lyonnaise : à travers la diffusion des modes de garde ». Lyon 2, 1999. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/1999/pboino.
Texte intégralPicaut, Judicaël. « Modélisation des champs diffus par une équation de diffusion : application à l'acoustique des salles et à l'acoustique urbaine ». Le Mans, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LEMA1003.
Texte intégralLelarge, Astrid. « La diffusion des projets de voies de circulation concentriques. Les multiples versions d'une forme urbaine générique à Bruxelles, Genève et Reykjavík (1781-1935) ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/238207.
Texte intégralDoctorat en Histoire, histoire de l'art et archéologie
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Hernández, González Edna. « Comment l'illumination nocturne est devenue une politique urbaine : la circulation de modèles d'aménagement de Lyon (France) à Puebla, Morelia et San Luis Potosí (Mexique) ». Thesis, Paris Est, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PEST1106/document.
Texte intégralDuring the last twenty years, the urban night originally appeared in France as a new discourse in particular concerning the new functions of lighting in the city. The evolution of the rhythms of lifestyles toward night-time schedules, the offer of services and leisure activities during night, the promotion of the night-time image of cities or at the night-time cultural events in the town-centre and the development of Illumination Master Plans are at the centre of a series of questions on cultural, political and environmental policies. The objective of this doctoral dissertation is the study of the emergence of night-time as a new sphere of action for urban policies. The adoption of the policies of illumination by the French cities, in particular the experience of the city of Lyon, appears as an international reference model. This study is based on the research work relating to diffusion and mobility of ideas and models, the transfer process of the public politics as well the work regarding the urban expertise. This dissertation aims to address questions concerning diffusion of the Lyon's experience and its re-appropriation processes in three Mexican cities: Puebla, Morelia and San Luis Potosi. This research uses the city of Lyon (France) as a case study to investigate the physical planning strategies of lighting design in the city and takes into account the production of the reference model. It then analyse the modalities of reception and appropriation of this model in the cities of Puebla, Morelia and San Luis Potosi. This is essential to show the complexities of the production of transfer of expertise of lighting design as well the dynamic contribution by local actors and the lighting designers to the production processes to the lighting policies. The urban planning based on lighting design, is a process which takes place in the international context of an "analyzer" of the local changes through the public action