Thèses sur le sujet « Différences de différences »
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Pichon, Apolline. « Différences morphologiques, biologiques et génétiques entre plusieurs populations d'origines géographiques différentes de Plutella xylostella (L. ) (Lepidoptera : Plutellidae) ». Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30090.
Texte intégralPlutella xylostella (L. ) (Lepidoptera : Plutellidae) is a major pest of brassica crops worldwide. Problems to control pest's populations are mainly related to pesticides resistance and failure of biological control methods. Morphological, biological and genetic differences were assessed among world populations with different geographic origins. In the study of the morphological and biological differences, two parameters were measured: pupae size and females oviposition activity. The size of pupae and the fecundity were variable within and among populations. The distribution of the eggs laid during the laying period allowed differentiating populations in two groups, related to tropical or sub-tropical areas and to temperate areas. The local adaptation of the populations was discussed. In the study of genetic differences, two markers were used: allozymes and nucleotidic sequences of a part of cytochrome oxydase I mitochondrial gene. The genetic variability was relatively high in P. Ylostella species. The enzymes allelic frequencies exhibited heterozygotes deficits in a majority of the populations. Populations the most different were from Japan and Australia. Analysis of mitochondrial haplotypes exhibited the differentiation of groups of populations from a major group. Two groups were related to geographic areas: populations from Australia or South America. A third group consist of populations from different regions. The mechanisms of differentiation were discussed
Giabicani, Gabriel. « Théorie de l'intersection en géométrie aux différences ». Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EPXX0066.
Texte intégralRoques, Julien. « Sur les équation aux (q-)différences ». Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30090.
Texte intégralGheffar, Amel. « Analyse polyadique : équations linéaires aux différences ». Limoges, 2013. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/1a5d6a0a-9097-4093-9f1c-ada0f6150ac5/blobholder:0/2013LIMO4028.pdf.
Texte intégralThis thesis consists in two independent parts. The first one gathers some contribution to polyadic analysis. We summarize properties of the (not entire) ring of the polyadic integers, seen in a global way as the projective limit of the finite quotients of the ring of rational integers, rather than as a product of p-adic rings. We study linear recurrence sequences, giving a natural criterium for the interpolation of linear recurrence sequences to continuous functions over the ring of polyadic integers. We give a « van der Put » basis for continuous functions on the ring of polyadic integers, and we end by investigation of the theory of logarithm in polyadic analysis. In the second part, we consider the problem of computing rational solutions of linear difference systems (or scalar equations) with polynomial coefficients over a field of zero characteristic. We discuss algorithms that are currently used and propose some new algorithms for solving this problem. A complexity analysis and a time comparison of the algorithms implemented in Maple are presented
Auffray, Caroline. « Vieillissement, remédiation cognitive et différences individuelles ». Rennes 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN20010.
Texte intégralIn last years, aging was defined like an non irreversible phenomenon. Thus, many research try to remediate intellectual problems in the elderly. The results reveal that aged people who receive training can perform better in domains that are close to those directly trained. The existence of important interindividual variability was also currently pointed. Experimental sample was composed of 116 older (from 65 to 96). Before and after they receive remediation program (experimental group) or discussion sessions (control group), they perform cognitive and conative variables. Results show that performance evaluated in some cognitive variables decline near 70 years'old although others only decrease after 90. The intellectual habilities'organisation seems to comfort the assumption of dedifferenciation with old age. Our results are too consistent with cognitive plasticity assumption in the elderly; aged people are able to increase their performances with exercise. Nevertheless, when we considers more complex tasks, peope who receive remediation drop their performances greater than people on control groups. After remediation, aged peope are less depressive, less anxious and less worried about cognitive functioning. A last, it seems that younger and more educated people more benefit of remediation. This result indicate that we should develop other programs more useful for those people
Sellama, Hocine. « Equations aux différences et scission de séparatrices ». Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00194059.
Texte intégralAncel, Pierre-Yves. « Différences sociales de grande prématurité en Europe ». Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA11T035.
Texte intégralObjective: The seriousness of the consequences of very preterm deliveries requires the investigation of their risk factors. At the beginning of this research, the limited knowledge available suggested that very preterm deliveries were more strongly associated with medical factors than with social factors. The aim of this thesis was to analyse the relationship between social status of women and the risk to deliver before 33 completed weeks of amenorrhoea. In order to improve knowledge of these risk factors, statistical analyses have been performed in two European geographical areas, and in populations with different medical risk level. Methods: Two databases have been used. The first one is a case-control survey carried out in 15 European countries in 1996, the EUROPOP project. The study included 278 late abortions (14-21 weeks), 1675 very preterm births, 3652 moderate preterm births (33-36 weeks) and 7965 full-term births. In the second one, data from two French perinatal surveys, carried out in 1995 and 1998 arid based on national random samples of births, were combined. These surveys included 248 very preterm births, 1024 moderate preterm births and 24714 full-term births. The analysis of both databases bas been limited to single pregnancies (stillbirths and live births). Results: From Europop data, large social differences of very preterm births have been observed. These differences were larger in countries with high infant mortality (higher than 10 per thousand live births). French data showed a higher risk of very preterm births among under-privileged women. Social differences were larger among low risk women than among women with previous severe pregnancy outcome. The investigation of medical and social risk factors suggests continuity in the aetiology of late abortions, very and moderate preterm births. Conclusion: Social differences in very preterm births exist; they are clearly stated. Social environment contributes mostly in countries where the socioeconomic situation is difficult for pregnant women, and among women with a low medical risk. This study reinforces the need of further research on interactions between medical and social environments
Leroux-Sostènes, Marie-Josèphe. « Marketing-achat et partenariat : différences et complémentarités ». Grenoble 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE21025.
Texte intégralAfter analysing to caracterize the reverse marketing, we compare this process with the partnership process. This study allows on the one hand, to suggest a new analysis as concerns partnership: a reverse marketing perspective, and on the other hand to define the variables that have an effect on the two types of purchasing management. Factors analysis enabled us to measure the reverse marketing and the partnership of eighty-three companies, and then to find procedures clusters based on these two processes. Analysis of variance were made inorder ot test the impact of the product-risk, the market-risk, the risk of wasting time and money. The partner-risk and the importance of trust in rever se marketing and partnership. The product-risk only influences the reverse marketing, whereas the market risk influences both purchasing management types. So, risks do not seem to get bigger when the buyer uses partnership compared with to use of reverse marketing. This statement should make him increase long term relationship with the upstream marketT
Bailly, Sophie. « La différenciation sexuelle dans la conversation : étude descriptive et interprétative des modalités, des thèmes et des représentations, à partir d'entretiens et d'enquêtes ». Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05H075.
Texte intégralAlthough they speak the same language, men and women who belong to the same speech community seem to differ in their speech behaviour. The choice of conversational topics and strategies depends on the sex of the speaker and of the hearer. Socio-cultural representations of the conversational behaviour of men and women also correlate with gender
Fortin, Guérin Samanta. « Évaluation des différences en immunité et en survie entre les oisillons de statut paternel différents chez l'hirondelle bicolore ». Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5404.
Texte intégralLafortune, Stéphane. « Symétries et intégrabilité des équations aux différences finies ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ52164.pdf.
Texte intégralBomboy, Raphaël. « Réductibilité et résolubilité des équations aux différences finies ». Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE5653.
Texte intégralOur aim is to give effective algorithms for factorizing and solving linear difference equations in closed form. Peter A. Hendriks and Michael F. Singer already defined Liouvillian solutions of such equations and gave an algorithm for computing such solutions. Their algorithm relies extensively Marko Petrovsek’s algorithm for computing hypergeometric solutions of a linear difference equation. One problem of that last algorithm is that it can imply a lot of computation in various extensions of the coefficient field of the equation. We start by introducing some generalities about the Galois theory of differential equations developed by Marius van der Put and Michael F. Singer and studying the notion of reducibility of a linear difference equation (or system) and its connections with the solution space. Adapting the ideas of Michael F. Singer, who studied these notions for differential equations, we give a definition of the Eigenring of an equation or system. That notion allows us to give a factorization algorithm for linear difference systems and an algorithm computing their Liouvillian solutions. For a large well-defined class of equations, we only need to compute rational solutions of auxiliary systems in their coefficient field. We sometimes need to compute hypergeometric solutions of an operator, but previous considerations will ensure us that even in that case, we do not need to extend its coefficient field. Our algorithm is illustrated by some examples
Decory, Laurent. « Origines des différences interspécifiques de susceptibilité au bruit ». Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR22016.
Texte intégralRemy, Elisabth (1972. « Homogénéisation d'opérateurs aux différences : approches analytique et probabiliste ». Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX11055.
Texte intégralLavandier, Mathieu. « Différences entre enceintes acoustiques : une évaluation physique et perceptive ». Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00087414.
Texte intégralRozencwajg, Paulette. « Stratégies de résolution de problèmes scolaires et différences individuelles ». Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05H004.
Texte intégralThis thesis aims to account for the inter- and intra-individual variability of problem solving strategies of academic problems, using general cognitive dimensions. The theoretical and methodological framework is located in the intersection of cognitive psychology, differential psychology and didactics of discplines. Strategies of 42 secondary school students are observed in several situations of two domains of specific knowledge : respiration and electricity. The cognitive dimensions are : numerical, verbal and spatial factors, g factor, the field dependance independance, reflexivity-impulsivity and metacognition (two indicators created for the thesis). Establishing relations between strategies and the dimensions, we discovered what we call problem solving styles. In particular, this relation can be quantified by eta (correlation ratio) ranging between. 43 and. 79. Five problem solving styles emerge in the domain of electricity : analogical, propositional, misconceptual, algebraic and calculatory. Four problem solving styles emerge in the domain of respiration : formalizing, mathematical sophistication, holistic and calculatory. The concept of problem solving styles appears to us as a necessary concept that is intermediary between cognitive styles (very general modalities of functioning) on one hand, and problem solving strategies (specific to one type of problem) on the other hand. To conclude, we discuss, first the stability of problem solving styles above and beyond problems and domains of knowledge, and second the sensitivity of problem
Carlier, Michèle. « L'adoption : une méthode d'étude de l'origine des différences individuelles ». Paris 5, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA05H051.
Texte intégralThis thesis is the result of the author's experimental work. Volume i (211 p. ) covers theoretical issues. Volume ii (245p. ) provides an account of the author's experimental findings. The observation that a population of children resemble their ascendents raises the question of the factors entering into this resemblance. Ascendents and descents have part of their genes and a part of their environment in common. This is the rationale for studies on adopted children, since attempts could be made to study genotype separately from environment. It should be noted however that this method can only at best segregate out those elements related to genotype and non-dissociated from the prenatal maternal environment from those factors associated with the postnatal parental environment. Part one is focused on the adoption method, its principles, and the difficulties encountered when applying this method to different populations (both human and infrahuman). Part two provides a review of the literature pertaining to the use of the adoption method for the analysis of behavioral phenotypes observed in humans, in particular cognitive abilities and schizophrenias. As regards cognitive abilities, it is shown that a) genetic and or prenatal factors, as is the case for shared environmental factors, contribute to resemblance among relatives; b) observed differences across children raised in social groups ranging from unskilled workers to executives reflect differences in post-natal environment characterized by socio-economic status. As regards schizophrenias, studies tend to find links between ascendants and abandoned descendents without however being able to demonstrate that the association is genetic in nature. Part three describes findings on animal studies and presents the author's works on inbred strains of mice. It is shown in what way cross-fostering can be included in a genetic design and its value in the investigation of the effects of the wide range of variations in postnatal maternal environments on the manifestation of behavioral traits in subjects with defined genotypes. Data drawn from the author's investions of intermale attacking behavior and the sensory motor and weight development of mouse pups are reported and discussed
Esso, Lasme Jean Charles Emmanuel. « La mortalité des enfants : niveaux, tendances et différences sociales ». Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010565.
Texte intégralGodard, Ornella. « Reconnaissance des visages, asymétrie hémisphérique et différences hommes / femmes ». Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05H107.
Texte intégralOur researches aim at having a better understanding of sex-related hemispherical differences during facial information processing. Five behavioral and one electrophysiological studies, using ERPs, have been conducted with a total of 132 women and 125 men. Results of three experiments show that men and women process differently facial information. Contrary to men, women are not influenced by emotional expression to process facial identity. Women are also faster than men to detect a subtle modification relative to an invariant distance in a face, consisted of increasing the inter-ocular distance. These results suggest that women might have better abilities to extract invariant facial traits compared to men which could explain, in part, their advantage in several tasks of face recognition. In addition, a strong hemispheric lateralization was found, at both behavioral and electrophysiological levels, in men, whereas, women presented a bilateral cerebral functioning. In men, a left visual field superiority and a larger N170 over the right hemisphere compared to the left have been shown. This hemispheric asymmetry was coupled with an asymmetric interhemispheric transmission times with faster transfer from the non specialized hemisphere to the specialized one than the reverse direction. In women, the bilateral functioning was coupled with symmetric interhemispheric transmission times and equivalent N170 amplitude over both hemispheres. Moreover, peak latencies of the P100, N170 and N250 were earlier in women than in men, without sex differences at a behavioral response times. We propose the "serial-parallel" model to give an account of the organization of the sequence of different stages involved in face recognition for both men and women
Lavandier, Mathieu [Nicolas Jacky]. « Différences entre enceintes acoustiques : une évaluation physique et perceptive ». Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2005AIX22099.pdf.
Texte intégralThis study looks for relationships between perceptual and physical evaluations of differences between the restitution of timbre by loudspeakers. An experimental protocol compatible with both approaches was designed. It first consists in recording the sound radiated by loudspeakers in a room, and then submitting the recorded sounds to listening tests under headphones, on the one hand, as well as to signal analysis, on the other hand. Different methods of signal analysis were tested, and for each method, a "metric" evaluating the dissimilary between two signals was defined. The resulting objective dissimilarities are then compared to the perceptual ones obtained during listening tests. First, a direct comparison is realized by calculating the correlation between dissimilarities. Then, a second comparison abandons the criterion of linearity, and takes into account the multidimensional nature of the perception of sound reproduction : perceptual and objective dissimilarities are submitted to multidimensional scaling analysis, and the resulting spaces are visually compared. Our first results showed the importance of using auditory models to differentiate the signals in the same way as listeners did. Preliminary objective attributes describing two of the main perceptual dimensions used by listeners to differentiate our recordings are also proposed
Guérard, de Latour Sophie. « De la citoyenneté multiculturelle à la république des différences ». Bordeaux 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR30040.
Texte intégralAre specific rights edicted to protect the identities of various minorities justified by the respect owed to cultural difference, as Will Kymlicka argues ? The multicultural citizenship project, far from being a national curiosity, raises questions of fundamental interest to all democratic States - it enhances how inadequate the model of religious tolerance may prove when used to protect the right to cultural difference. Indeed, if beliefs belong to the private sphere, cultural identity is obviously a public matter, since no civic nation can be said to exist without some sort of ethnic identity as well. This work aims at shedding a new light on the problem worked out by the Canadian philosopher and the limitations of the solution he offers, by using the theories of ethnic identities in modern societies – and especially in France – as elaborated by the social sciences. The works of Dominique Schnapper et Gérard Noiriel are thus used to understand the ethnic component of a national community, as, in a theoretical level, they promote an original way of achieving this aim – through Emile Durkheim's theory of solidarity. This work purports to show that this theory promotes an idea of national identity that remains open to cultural pluralism, and to study how it grounds the legitimacy of cultural recognition in the philosophical soil, not of political liberalism but of republicanism. The fact that Habermas' theory of the public sphere and of the democratic right pushes Durkheim's theory further confirms that it can provide an alternative way of taking into account the project of a republic that would be respectful for differences
Cruz, Atienza Victor Manuel. « Rupture dynamique des failles non-planaires en différences finies ». Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE4020.
Texte intégralThis work is separated into two parts: the first part is devoted to wave propagation, and the second part treats the dynamic rupture of earthquakes. In the first part I propose a general review of the basic concepts concerning finite difference (FD) methods. Based on a partly staggered grid, the FD technique used in the second part of the work to study the rupture of earthquakes is analyzed in detail. The free surface and the planar crack boundary conditions are treated in separated sections. Several approaches, previously introduced by different authors, are discussed for each problem. The formulation and implementation of the Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) absorbing boundary conditions in three dimensions (3D) are described. Different tests to illustrate the performance of these boundary conditions are presented in homogeneous and heterogeneous media. In the second part I firstly provide an overview of rupture mechanics. After formulating the main problem of this study, I tackle the numerical modeling of nonplanar faults in two dimensions (2D). A new approach allowing these kinds of complex simulations is then introduced. A scaling law, relating the grid size to the amount of grid points discretizing the source, allows an increase in the precision of solutions by reducing the numerical oscillations. The extension of the rupture model to 3D is performed. Both numerical precision and convergence are analyzed in terms of the cohesive zone resolution. The model is validated for the spontaneous rupture along planar and nonplanar (i. E. Curvilinear) faults by comparing solutions with those yielded by two independent numerical approaches. Finally, the method is applied to the case of nonplanar faults loaded in a biaxial tectonic stress regime. The fault geometry becomes an extremely important factor for rupture propagation under these conditions. A dynamic rupture analysis of the 1992 Landers earthquake confirms the importance of the fault geometry, since fundamentally different results are obtained when considering the real rupture surface with respect to those reported by previous authors where the fault was assumed to be planar
Lennon, Oscar. « Différences socioculturelles, élimination scolaire et dépendance culturelle au Chili ». Paris 5, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA05H049.
Texte intégralRatthé, Sandra. « Différences intellectuelles entre les enfants uniques et non uniques ». Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1990. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5712/1/000583740.pdf.
Texte intégralRenouf, Magali. « Surréalisme africain et surréalisme français : influences, similitudes et différences ». Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR2004/document.
Texte intégralAfrican Surrealism requires the question from the influence of French surrealism. Terminology implies, indeed, a link between African writing and the French movement. This link is established by both critics and the dialogues between the two worlds. Senghor encouraged to consider independent part of this surrealism evoking a black negro-african surrealism. We disclaim then behind apparent similarities, differences which reveal a surrealism in the service of understanding the world purely African. African surrealism is an expression of the traditional African perception whose shape is similar to that introduced by the Parisian movement without necessarily had influence
Camano, Schettini Edith Beatriz. « Étude expérimentale des jets coaxiaux avec différences de densité ». Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0066.
Texte intégralGe, Jingwen. « Trois essais sur les différences de genre des analystes financiers ». Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAG007/document.
Texte intégralThis PhD dissertation consists of three essays relating to gender concerns among financial analysts. The empirical results of the first study provide evidence for under-representation of female analysts and confirm that national culture exerts a material impact on female representation among financial analysts across European countries under study. In the second study, I document evidence that male analysts are more likely to issue innovative recommendations than female analysts, due to their relative overconfidence. Finally, the findings of third study suggest that innovative recommendations trigger larger market reactions but there is no gender difference in market reactions to innovative recommendations. The empirical findings of my dissertation complement prior literature on financial analysts, more specifically, gender-based difference in financial market decision making
Kleisarchaki, Sofia. « Analyse des différences dans le Big Data : Exploration, Explication, Évolution ». Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAM055/document.
Texte intégralVariability in Big Data refers to data whose meaning changes continuously. For instance, data derived from social platforms and from monitoring applications, exhibits great variability. This variability is essentially the result of changes in the underlying data distributions of attributes of interest, such as user opinions/ratings, computer network measurements, etc. {em Difference Analysis} aims to study variability in Big Data. To achieve that goal, data scientists need: (a) measures to compare data in various dimensions such as age for users or topic for network traffic, and (b) efficient algorithms to detect changes in massive data. In this thesis, we identify and study three novel analytical tasks to capture data variability: {em Difference Exploration, Difference Explanation} and {em Difference Evolution}.Difference Exploration is concerned with extracting the opinion of different user segments (e.g., on a movie rating website). We propose appropriate measures for comparing user opinions in the form of rating distributions, and efficient algorithms that, given an opinion of interest in the form of a rating histogram, discover agreeing and disargreeing populations. Difference Explanation tackles the question of providing a succinct explanation of differences between two datasets of interest (e.g., buying habits of two sets of customers). We propose scoring functions designed to rank explanations, and algorithms that guarantee explanation conciseness and informativeness. Finally, Difference Evolution tracks change in an input dataset over time and summarizes change at multiple time granularities. We propose a query-based approach that uses similarity measures to compare consecutive clusters over time. Our indexes and algorithms for Difference Evolution are designed to capture different data arrival rates (e.g., low, high) and different types of change (e.g., sudden, incremental). The utility and scalability of all our algorithms relies on hierarchies inherent in data (e.g., time, demographic).We run extensive experiments on real and synthetic datasets to validate the usefulness of the three analytical tasks and the scalability of our algorithms. We show that Difference Exploration guides end-users and data scientists in uncovering the opinion of different user segments in a scalable way. Difference Explanation reveals the need to parsimoniously summarize differences between two datasets and shows that parsimony can be achieved by exploiting hierarchy in data. Finally, our study on Difference Evolution provides strong evidence that a query-based approach is well-suited to tracking change in datasets with varying arrival rates and at multiple time granularities. Similarly, we show that different clustering approaches can be used to capture different types of change
Bugeaud, Virginie. « Groupe de Galois local des équations aux q-différences irrégulières ». Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1700/.
Texte intégralThe aim of this thesis is to study irregular q-differences equations and to obtain explicit matricial descriptions of the local Galois group. The description of the local Galois group of equations with integral slopes is due to Ramis and Sauloy, it was done thanks to the study of local analytic classification by Ramis, Sauloy and Zhang, which leads to the normal form of Birkhoff-Guenther, and thanks to the understanding of the Stokes phenomenon for q-differences equations. We begin with van der Put and Reversat work on normal forms of pure isoclinic modules with no integral slopes and we continue the local analytic classification of q-differences modules. The first theorem of this thesis deals with the case of two slopes which are not necessarily integral : we obtain an isomorphism between the space of isoformal analytic classes and a space of matrices with polynomial coefficients. By computing explicit cocycles in the case of two slopes, we also obtain an isomorphism between the space of isoformal analytic classes with two slopes and the first cohomology group of associated vector bundle. From these cocycles, we work out Stokes operators for q-differences modules with two slopes, which turn out to be galoisian. One of the main theorems in Galois theory of this thesis is the explicit matricial description of the formal local Galois group defined by tannakian theory. This theorem and the link we establish between our Stokes operators and those of Ramis and Sauloy for integral slopes, allow us to construct a Zariski-dense subgroup of the local Galois group of q-differences equations for which the slopes denominator is fixed
Haffad, Tahar. « Les différences de mortalité selon le sexe et leurs conséquences ». Paris, EHESS, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988EHESA008.
Texte intégralThouroude, Laurence. « Tolérance aux différences à l'école maternelle - les limites de l'intégration ». Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUEL231.
Texte intégralAt nursery school, the teacher is more exuverant and extressive than at a higher grade level. Relating to children on a personnal, affective level is crucial at the nursery school echelon of teaching. The nurserey school teacher has the task of reconciling how s he can be at the same time maternalistic and achievement oriented. Moreover, teachers whose pedagogical aim is child - oriented respects the children's individual and cultural differences. They are more open to exchanging ideas and tractices about pedagogy with partners and can therefore relativize the norms set for their pupils. There exist certain professional cirteria linked to having a cosmopolitan approach : - member ship in professional associations; the choice to teach in a reputedly difficult school zone. The task of integrating children with special needs is indeed a test for the nursery school teacher. The teacher's method of integration can induce a successful classeoom experience but will not messarily insure that the child will individually progress. Notwithsanding the potential improvements that may occur with the implementation of an open teaching mindset, one must avoid so-called "god complex" in this approach. The teachers will not remedy categorically the various and profound demands of the special needs children
Lepine, Raphaëlle. « Mémoire de travail et fonctionnement cognitif : développement et différences individuelles ». Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOL006.
Texte intégralWhat is working memory capacity ? What is the nature of developmental and individual differences ? A first series of experiments shows that differences in working memory (WM) influence performance of adults and children not only in complex cognitive activities, but also in elementary activities relying on retrieval from long-term memory. The WM capacity would correspond to the quantity of attentional resources available to perform retrievals. This quantity is independent of the attentional focus size and affects the speed of retrievals, the learning of new knowledge and the selection of strategies. A second series of experiments evaluates the WM capacity by asking subjects to perform series of retrievals at a fixed pace simultaneoulsy to the maintenance of information in short term memory. The spans are then more predictive of scholastic achievement than traditional spans. All our results suggest that WM capacities are even more central than predicted by actual theoretical models
Jarlégan, Annette. « La fabrication des différences : sexe et mathematiques à l'école élémentaire ». Dijon, 1999. https://nuxeo.u-bourgogne.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/fc2869fe-f84d-4b59-9630-b8bea98e7c14.
Texte intégralIn this thesis, we shall examine the part played by school in the building up of gender-related differences in the learning of mathematics. We will first investigate whether at the end of the nineties, differences in performance or attitude can be detected in mathematics between girls and boys in primary school. Data reveal no difference in the first year of primary classes. Yet, in the second year of intermediate classes, girls differentiate from boys, both in terms of performance and attitude. Girls are clearly not doing so well as boys. This topic appeals less to them and they have less confidence in their own skills than boys. We shall then attempt to show how school-masters contribute to the building up of these differences via the expectations they develop of their pupils and the verbal communications exchanged with them during mathematics courses. Results show that in the second year of intermediate classes teachers' expectations differ in relation to their pupil's gender. Although teachers do consider that the results obtained by girls and boys are of comparable standard, they expect and perceive more careful attention and greater efforts from girls than from boys. They also expect that boys will surpass girls in their future results. As regards verbal communication exchanged during mathematics courses, differences can be found both quantitatively and qualitatively in the messages addressed to boys and to girls. For a comparable success record, boys will get more information, open questions and feed-back than girls. Materially, the former get greater assistance in carrying out their tasks. Boys themselves also promote greater communication exchanges with their teacher than girls do. Results as a whole show that at primary school, girls and boys are gradually being encouraged to have a different approach to mathematics
Pacaud, Damien. « Développement de techniques différences finies-volumes finis performantes en électromagnétisme ». Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12356.
Texte intégralShimizu, Mariko. « Les différences individuelles dans les facteurs contributifs de l'illusion monétaire ». Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020041.
Texte intégralThe term "money illusion" was first coined by American economist Irving Fisher in 1928 to describe the phenomenon whereby individuals fail to perceive that units of money expand or shrink in value. In the following decades, economists, psychologists and behavioral scientists have first debated the existence of money illusion, and then proceeded to refine and expand its definition. This thesis builds on the precedent research regarding money illusion, with the aim to evidence, using experimental methods, the characteristics that explain the occurrence of money illusion on an individual level, as well as the factors that may help diminish the occurrence thereof. The present thesis first summarizes the evolution of the concept of money illusion from Fisher's discovery to the last progresses made in behavioral sciences on this topic. It then shows the results of three separate experiments that were conducted in order to evidence several factors that we hypothesized as being either contributing to, or diminishing, money illusion. The first one examines the relationship between money illusion, financial literacy and numeracy; the second one focuses particularly on numeracy and numerical abilities in general as a way to overcome money illusion; and the third one on whether time perspectives may explain and/or mitigate money illusion
Dufour, Marie-Ange. « Les différences d'attitudes parentales entre parents et futurs parents québécois ». Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1985. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/6033/1/000556072.pdf.
Texte intégralDhuot, Raphael. « La genèse précoce des différences sociales dans les habitudes alimentaires ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLA013/document.
Texte intégralMedical instances strongly control infant feeding. Then parental feeding practices are a means of observing medicalization of everyday life and diffusion of science-based practices. In order to explain the social determinants of parental feeding practices, two sets of data are used: a corpus of documents composed of scientific articles, publications aimed at parents and conversations held on an online forum that concerns childcare and, on the other hand, the French longitudinal study from childhood. This study gathers information on 18300 infants. The study broaches questions of infant development, health and feeding. It also gives details on parents’ socio-demographic characteristics. The first part of this thesis is confined to conditions of production and diffusion of medical recommendations concerning infant feeding. We demonstrate that, firstly the struggle for the monopoly on scientific authority within the field of research in pediatric nutrition and secondly the specific demands of public authorities and industries transferred to experts of infant nutrition, reveals the uncertainty and the variations of the medical recommendations concerning infant nutrition. Parents receptiveness of those medical recommendations can take the form of an appropriation of the mainstream recommendations, an assimilation of minor recommendations considered as the most up to date, or a distancing, sometimes very critical, of the medical recommendations, or even more the resistance to the very idea of medicalised parental practices. The second part shows that the conformity to medical recommendations of infant feeding is a product of the interaction between mothers’ education levels and the conditions of their socialisation to maternity (in particular their methods of researching information on complementary feeding). Therefore, the receptiveness of medicalised childcare appears to be dependent as on the relationship between the parents and medicine, as an abstract system, as on the relationship between parents and representatives of that system. These relationships are a product of the educational experience of the parents. In the third part, we demonstrate that the mother’s feeding repertoires have a proper effect, and an effect conditioned by parents' social characteristics, on infant feeding during their first year
Duquesne, Nathalie. « Modélisation et simulation numérique d'une interaction choc-choc tridimensionnelle en écoulement hypersonique turbulent ». Poitiers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995POIT2340.
Texte intégralSong, Jié. « Réduction de la dispersion numérique par correction des flux massiques : application au problème de la récupération d'hydricarbures par procédés chimiques ». Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066334.
Texte intégralCresson, Pierre-Yves. « Contribution à la modélisation des applicateurs en structure plaquée par la méthode des différences finies dans le domaine temporel : application à la thermothérapie contrôlée par radiométrie micro-onde ». Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10038.
Texte intégralBouyahia, Fatima. « Analyse thermohydrodynamique du comportement des contacts lubrifiés par des fluides non Newtoniens : application aux butées à patins oscillants ». Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT2345.
Texte intégralThe viscosity of non Newtonian fluids depends strongly on the shear rate and the temperature. This non linear behaviour is essentially due to the chemical additives often used to improve performances of lubricants. In this thesis, we studied the influence of this non linear behaviour on the lubricated bearings. A thermohydrodynamic model, based on the resolution of the generalized Reynolds equation and the energy equation, is developed for cartesian geometries (slider bearing, parallel plates, tapered land bearing). The fluids that were studied are supposed to be pseudo-plastic (Rabinowisch, power law) and viscoplastic (Bingham, Herschel-Bulkley). It has been observed that, at identical apparent viscosity, the Herschel-Bulkley fluid, which associates the plastic and shear-thinning effects, favours dissipation and friction. The transposition of this model to cylindrical geometries allowed to study the tilting pads thrust bearings. The thermal aspect is put into evidence through a global thermal study and also through the resolution of the energy equation in the lubricant and the Fourier equation in the pad. We brought out that the global thermal study overestimates load capacity and power loss. The Rabinowisch fluid has the lowest load capacity and power loss just as the Bingham fluid supports and dissipates the most. The influence of the non linear behaviour of non Newtonian lubricants cannot be neglected, seeing that the viscosity influences the dynamic characteristics of lubricated bearings
Baudino, Claudie. « Politique de la langue et différence sexuelle ». Paris 9, 2000. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2000PA090032.
Texte intégralBlot, Christian. « Immunotoxicité des molécules médicamenteuses : mécanismes impliqués dans les différences inter-espèces ». Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA114844.
Texte intégralGirerd, Christel. « Les figures d'autorité chez l'enfant : différences des sexes et des générations ». Strasbourg, 2009. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2009/GIRERD_Christel_2009.pdf.
Texte intégralThe authority issue is complex to understand in itself, and the crisis it suffered in recent decades especially blurs our benchmarks. This work attempts on the one hand at redefining the authority from an historic point of view and Lacan's theory of speech. On the other hand, it attempts to account for the psychological mechanisms underlying the construction of authority figures in children. The functions of the authority figures, maternal, paternal and social, are the main subjects of this research, especially their entanglement with the two differences structuring the Oedipus: the differences between sexes and generations. Both sides of this work converge in an effort to look at this construction in the hypermodern speech which led to the creation of a new authority figure: the child-king
Meffre, Geneviève. « Différences phénotypiques et fonctionnelles des sous-populations de lymphocytes B d'amygdales ». Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO1T276.
Texte intégralGranier, Anne. « Un D-groupoïde de Galois pour les équations aux q-différences ». Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/859/.
Texte intégralThe subject of the thesis is to define a Galois D-groupoid for q-difference equations, and to legitimate this definition comparing what is obtained in the linear case with the usual Galois group. We first recall and illustrate the notion of Malgrange's D-groupoid, and we define the Galois D-groupoid of a q-difference system as the D-envelope of the dynamics. We get an upper bound for the Galois D-groupoid of a linear q-difference system, and we describe some transversal groups which are the candidates to give the usual Galois group. We compute the Galois D-groupoid of a constant linear q-difference system, and we show that in this case the transversal groups correspond to the Galois group. We establish a correspondence between the Galois D-groupoids of two equivalent constant linear q-difference systems, and we define a local Galois D-groupoid for Fuchsian q-difference systems
Vaillancourt, Joanie. « Les différences entre les sexes en production écrite à 15 ans ». Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27809.
Texte intégralKambale, Pacifique. « Parcours de la filiation dans quelques textes bibliques : constantes et différences ». Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66698.
Texte intégralKinship is an unavoidable phenomenon of humanity. Each human being is a son or a daughter. The richness of the kinship makes possible a variety of ways of being and living as a son or a daughter. In the same way, this richness makes kinship a topic of great interest in several fields of research and for each and everyone who tries to understand his own filial condition. Therefore, as long as there are sons and daughters, the study of kinship will remain an open project. This thesis is about kinship. It studies kinship by considering some sons’ lifepaths in biblical texts. The study notes that although the filial condition is common to the human beings, each one has his own course of filial life. The analysis of life paths leads to identify the constants and the differences which emerge from them. It leads to outline an understanding of kinship.
Di, Vizio Lucia. « Etude arithmétique des équations aux q-différences et des équations différentielles ». Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066501.
Texte intégralLee, Ho-Chul. « Étude des différences géographiques sur le développement de la sécurité sociale ». Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010001.
Texte intégralThe main purpose of this thesis is to verify the existence of geographic differences and to analyse the reasons of these continental disparities in the development of the social security. To this end, we have completed a discriptive approach and empirical tests on 105 countries. We observe, in consequence, geographic differences in every aspect of social security: in its historical evolution, in the level of benefits and coverage rates and so on. . . And these continental differences are due to differences in cultural and political factors