Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Dieta grassa »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Dieta grassa"
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Márquez-Ruiz, G., M. C. Pérez-Camino, V. Ruiz-Gutiérrez et M. C. Dobarganes. « Absorción de grasas termoxidadas. II. Influencia del nivel de alteración y porcentaje de grasa en la dieta ». Grasas y Aceites 43, no 4 (30 août 1992) : 198–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.1992.v43.i4.1151.
Texte intégral
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Pierce, Barbara J., et Scott R. McWilliams. « Seasonal Changes in Composition of Lipid Stores in Migratory Birds : Causes and Consequences ». Condor 107, no 2 (1 mai 2005) : 269–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/107.2.269.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract It is well established that birds use fat stores to primarily fuel migration; however, few studies have focused on the causes and consequences of observed seasonal changes in fatty acid composition of fat stores in birds. We propose and test two hypotheses that address the causes of these seasonal changes in composition of fat stores: (1) diet composition determines fatty acid composition of fat stores, and (2) birds selectively metabolize and store certain fatty acids during migration in lieu of changing their diet. When we offered Red-eyed Vireos (Vireo olivaceous) choices between diets that differed only in fatty acid composition, vireos preferred diets with more triolein over diets with more tristearin and tripalmitin, and these preferences were similar between seasons. We also collected fat samples six times throughout the year from captive Red-eyed Vireos fed one of two diets differing in fatty acid composition, and found that fatty acid composition of stored fat differed by diet and changed over time, although these changes were not season-specific or consistent with the selective-metabolism hypothesis. Thus, fatty acid composition of stored fat was primarily a product of diet composition; selective metabolism possibly played a minor, but important, role. Given recent evidence that fatty acid composition of birds affects their energy expenditure during intense exercise, the implication is that birds at stopover sites can influence the fatty acid composition of their body fat by selective feeding, and this can significantly affect the energetic cost of migration. Cambios Estacionales en la Composición de las Reservas Lipídicas en Aves Migratorias: Causas y Consecuencias Resumen. Se sabe que las aves utilizan reservas de grasa principalmente como fuente de energía durante la migración; sin embargo, pocos estudios han analizado las causas y consecuencias de los cambios estacionales en la composición de ácidos grasos de las reservas de grasa de las aves. Aquí proponemos y probamos dos hipótesis que se relacionan con las causas de los cambios estacionales en la composición de las reservas de grasa: (1) la composición de la dieta determina la composición de ácidos grasos de las reservas de grasa, y (2) las aves metabolizan y almacenan de manera selectiva ciertos ácidos grasos durante la migración, en lugar de cambiar sus dietas. Ofrecimos a individuos de la especie Vireo olivaceous para que elijan entre dietas que sólo diferían en la composición de ácidos grasos, los cuáles prefirieron dietas con más trioleina que dietas con más tristearina y tripalmitina, y estas preferencias fueron similares entre estaciones. Colectamos además muestras de grasa, en seis oportunidades a lo largo del año, de individuos en cautiverio alimentados con una de las dos dietas disponibles, las que difirieron en la composición de ácidos grasos. Encontramos que la composición de ácidos grasos de las reservas de grasa difirió en relación a las dietas y varió a lo largo del tiempo, aunque estos cambios no fueron estacionalmente específicos ni coherentes con la hipótesis de metabolismo selectivo. Por lo tanto, la composición de ácidos grasos de las reservas de grasa fue principalmente el producto de la composición de la dieta; el metabolismo selectivo probablemente jugó un papel menor, aunque importante. Existe evidencia reciente que sugiere que la composición de ácidos grasos en las aves afecta el gasto energético que tienen durante períodos de ejercicios intensos, lo que implica que las aves pueden influir sobre la composición de los ácidos grasos en sus reservas de grasa al alimentarse de manera selectiva en los sitios de parada migratoria, lo que puede afectar significativamente el costo energético de la migración.
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Aro, Pedro, Max Acosta Chacaltana, Solange Chacon Terrazas et José Aguilar Olano. « P33 Modelo animal basado en una dieta alta en carbohidratos y dosis bajas de estreptozotocina en la inducción de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 ». Revista de la Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes 54, no 3Sup (21 novembre 2020) : 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.47196/diab.v54i3sup.418.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Introducción: la diabetes tipo 2 (DM2) es un desorden metabólico caracterizado por una hipeglucemia crónica, siendo aproximadamente el 90% de todos los casos de diabetes y debido principalmente a malos hábitos alimentarios. En la población peruana existe un incremento de dietas poco saludables basadas en un exceso de consumo de carbohidratos principalmente (63%) a diferencia de otros países de Sudamérica. El incremento de casos de DM2 implica la necesidad de buscar regímenes de tratamiento más efectivos por lo cual es necesario primero diseñar modelos animales para lograr este objetivo.Objetivos: desarrollar un modelo de DM2 en ratas con el uso de una dieta alta en carbohidratos y grasas de fácil digestión y bajas dosis de estreptozotocina.Materiales y métodos: se usaron 24 ratas Sprague-Dawley en dos grupos: grupo control (GC): dieta normal (4) y grupo con tratamiento (GT): dieta hipercalórica (20), por 2 meses, y luego ambos grupos fueron inducidos químicamente con STZ (30 mg/Kg de peso.) La dieta GT fue: 5,95% Kcal de proteínas, 25,7% Kcal de grasa y 58,5% Kcal de carbohidratos (valor calórico: 483.25 Kcal/100g). GC fue: 17% Kcal de proteína, 3% Kcal de grasa, 50% Kcal de carbohidratos y el restante de fibra, humedad, cenizas y extractos libre de nitrógeno (valor calórico: 295 Kcal/100g). La glicemia se midió antes y después de la dieta diferenciada y a los 5 y 10 días de la inducción química La insulina sérica se realizó posterior a la inducción.
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Antón San Atanasio, Sandra. « Modificación en la composición corporal en mujeres tras la ingesta de una dieta vlcd (very low calory diet) durante la fase activa de un programa de pérdida de peso ». Búsqueda 1, no 13 (1 décembre 2014) : 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.21892/01239813.159.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Uno de los problemas relacionados con la salud presente en nuestras sociedades occidentales es el sobrepeso y la obesidad, para lo cual existen diferentes tipos de dietas y programas de pérdida de peso. Entre ellos, Se ha descrito el uso de dietas de muy bajo valor calórico (VLCD, Very Low Calory Diet) como método eficaz para disminuir el peso graso manteniendo la masa magra de una forma segura, fácil de aplicar, rápida, sin recaídas y económicamente accesible. El objetivo de este trabajo fue observar los cambios experimentados en la composición corporal de un grupo de 20 mujeres sometidas a una dieta VLCD durante las fases iniciales del programa, denominada fase activa. Todos los sujetos siguieron las mismas pautas de dieta, fragmentando la fase activa analizada en tres subfases, en las cuales la reducción del aporte de grasas y carbohidratos en la dieta es máxima, manteniendo a su vez una ingesta adecuada de proteínas de alto valor biológico. Los datos antropométricos y de composición corporal fueron recogidos al inicio del programa y al finalizar cada una de las fases. El seguimiento de este tipo de dieta (VLCD) en nuestra muestra condujo a una reducción de peso, siendo evidente su disminución del IMC, así como una disminución del peso graso y su porcentaje, asociado a un menor perímetro de cadera y cintura. La masa magra se vio disminuida; sin embargo, su porcentaje aumentó. Todos los parámetros anteriormente citados resultaron ser significativos a lo largo de todo el estudio. En este sentido podemos decir que la dieta VLCD es un método eficaz para población cuyo objetivo sea la pérdida de peso relacionado con la masa grasa, y donde la masa magra se vea afectada ligeramente.
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Viamonte, María Isabel, Marisol Tipanquiza, Carolina Tintín, Janeth Sánchez, Willan Caicedo, Alina Ramírez et Julio Vargas. « Digestibilidad aparente de una dieta con inclusión de harina de semillas de Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L) en cerdos criollos de crecimiento ». Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú 31, no 4 (21 décembre 2020) : e19245. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rivep.v31i4.19245.
Texte intégralRésumé :
El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la digestibilidad fecal aparente de una dieta con inclusión de harina de semillas de sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L) en cerdos criollos de crecimiento. Se utilizaron dos cerdos machos castrados, con peso vivo de 50 ± 2 kg, alojados en jaulas metabólicas, y bajo un diseño cuadrado latino de 2x2. Los cerdos fueron alimentados con dietas con 0 (control) y 15% de inclusión de harina de semillas de sacha inchi, respectivamente. En las dietas experimentales y en las heces se determinó: materia seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra bruta (FB), grasa, extractos libres de nitrógeno (ELN), energía bruta (EB), calcio (CA) y fósforo (P). Los mayores coeficientes de digestibilidad aparente de la MS (82.38%) y P (32.32%) se obtuvieron en la dieta control (p<0.05). No hubo diferencias significativas para la digestibilidad de la PB, FB, grasa, ELN y Ca. En conclusión, la inclusión del 15% de harina de semillas de sacha inchi en la dieta de cerdos criollos en crecimiento no afecta la digestibilidad aparente de la PB, FB, grasa, ELN y Ca, obteniéndose un alimento de alto valor nutricional.
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Mariezcurrena-Berasain, María Antonia, Diego Braña-Varela, María Dolores Mariezcurrena-Berasain, Ignacio Arturo Domínguez-Vara, Danilo Méndez-Medina et María Salud Rubio-Lozano. « Características químicas y sensoriales de la carne de cerdo, en función del consumo de dietas con ractopamina y diferentes concentraciones de lisina ». Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias 3, no 4 (2 mai 2018) : 427–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v3i4.4873.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Se evaluaron las características químicas y sensoriales de la carne de cerdos alimentados con Ractopamina (RAC) a 5 ppm (Paylean®, Elanco, México) y diferentes concentraciones de lisina digestible ileal estandarizada (lys-dig), en dietas con 3.3 Mcal EM/ kg y 14.5 % de proteína cruda, lo que representa un contenido de proteína de 10 % inferior al mínimo recomendado por el laboratorio y la literatura. Se utilizaron 48 cerdos (peso corporal inicial 77.2±3.42 y final 110.0±3.0 kg) que fueron asignados a uno de cuatro tratamientos: C) Dieta de finalización Control (lys-dig 0.65%); RAL) alta en Lisina con RAC (lys-dig 1%); RNL) Niveles normales de lisina con RAC (lis-dig 0.80%); RBL) Baja en lisina con RAC (lis-dig 0.50%). Después de 28 días en sus respectivas dietas, los animales se sacrificaron y procesaron. De cada animal, se recolectaron cuatro chuletas (2.5 cm de grosor) y se determinó grasa intramuscular y evaluación sensorial. Los resultados indican que con la adición de RAC, en dietas con 14.5 % de proteína, se aumenta (P<0.01) la grasa intramuscular en 25 %. Un incremento mayor (hasta el 50 %) en grasa intramuscular se obtuvo con dietas con RAC y una baja concentración de lisina (0.5% lys-dig). El panel de consumidores no detectó diferencias en aroma, sabor y textura (P>0.17), pero sí detectó una mayor jugosidad de carne de cerdo (P<0.02) de animales que consumieron la dieta RBL. Es factible mejorar la calidad de la carne de cerdo mediante el uso de RAC y dietas bajas en proteína y lisina.
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Migliaccio, Silvia. « Effetto della supplementazione con la vitamina D associato alla perdita di peso indotta dalla dieta sulla meta-infiammazione e sulla massa grassa in soggetti obesi con deficit di vitamina D : uno studio clinico in doppio cieco randomizzato e controllato con placebo ». L'Endocrinologo 19, no 6 (décembre 2018) : 335–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40619-018-00505-w.
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De Luis, Daniel A., Rocio Aller, OLatz Izaola, Manuel González Sagrado et Rosa Conde. « Efectos de una dieta baja en grasas frente a una dieta rica en proteínas y grasa en pacientes obesos ». Medicina Clínica 132, no 6 (février 2009) : 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medcli.2008.03.003.
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Martínez Marín, A. I., N. Núñez Sánchez, R. Pavón Vijande, R. Gómez Díaz, F. Peña Blanco et A. García Martínez. « Relación entre el consumo de grasas vegetales insaturadas y el contenido de ácidos grasos de la leche de ovejas ». Archivos de Zootecnia 65, no 251 (15 septembre 2016) : 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/az.v65i251.688.
Texte intégralRésumé :
El efecto de la inclusión de aceites y semillas, ricos en ácidos grasos insaturados, en la dieta de ovejas sobre el contenido de ácidos grasos de la grasa láctea se cuantificó mediante metarregresión. Se utilizaron los resultados de 22 trabajos de investigación con un total de 67 tratamientos. Los trabajos se realizaron con 10 razas ovinas europeas y americanas que recibieron dietas con hasta un 7 % de grasa insaturada. Los contenidos de los ácidos grasos saturados de cadena media (AGSCM) mostraron una respuesta lineal negativa al consumo creciente de grasa, que fue más acentuada en el caso del ácido palmítico. Los contenidos del ácido esteárico y de los ácidos grasos insaturados de 18 átomos de carbono (AGI-C18) aumentaron de forma lineal, pero la respuesta fue mayor en los segundos. Los cambios en los AGSCM y AGI-C18 ocasionaron que el índice de aterogenicidad disminuyera linealmente en la grasa láctea. Estos resultados indican que la inclusión de fuentes de grasa ricas en ácidos insaturados en dietas para ovejas ocasiona un cambio favorable en la composición de ácidos grasos de la grasa láctea desde el punto de vista de la salud humana.
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Borruel Abadía, M., M. L. Moreno Sancho, S. Carrera Juliá et Eraci Drehmer Rieger. « Comparación entre el efecto de la dieta cetogénica y la dieta alta en hidratos de carbono en el aumento de la masa y la fuerza muscular ». Nereis. Interdisciplinary Ibero-American Journal of Methods, Modelling and Simulation., no 12 (26 juin 2020) : 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.46583/nereis_2020.12.476.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La evidencia científica muestra la importancia de la nutrición en la hipertrofia muscular, especialmente con el objetivo de lograr un balance energético positivo entre la ingesta alimentaria y el consumo de energía, siempre y cuando haya una buena ingesta de proteínas. Diversos estudios demuestran que la combinación de ejercicio contra resistencia con un sobreaporte energético produce ganancias en la masa corporal magra. Sin embargo, no está clara la cantidad exacta de todos los macronutrientes. 10 varones con más de 2 años de experiencia en entrenamiento sistemático de la fuerza, fueron divididos en 2 grupos de 5 sujetos, un grupo sometido a dieta cetogénica y el otro a una dieta con alto porcentaje de carbohidratos, y los dos durante 8 semanas. Ambas dietas produjeron un aumento significativo en el porcentaje de masa muscular y en el 1RM de press banca y sentadilla, siendo este aumento más destacado en la dieta rica en carbohidratos. Además, la dieta cetogénica destacó por la disminución significativa del porcentaje de grasa y de peso graso. Por tanto, ambas dietas estarían indicadas para personas que quieren mejorar su masa muscular y fuerza llevando a cabo entrenamiento de hipertrofia. Sin embargo, si se busca más fines estéticos, la dieta cetogénica podría aportar algo más de resultados, y si hay un objetivo más de mejora de la fuerza, sería más recomendable una dieta rica en hidratos de carbono.
Thèses sur le sujet "Dieta grassa"
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SERINO, MATTEO. « Aploinsufficienza di TACE e omeostasi del glucosio : effetti protettivi su insulino-resistenza e obesità durante un regime di dieta grassa ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/434.
Texte intégralRésumé :
E’ noto che il TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor)-α altera la sensibilità insulinica e i metabolismi glucidico e lipidico attraverso meccanismi diversi e ridondanti, sia a livello traduzionale che post-traduzionale. Il TNF-α esercita i suoi effetti paracrini in seguito al taglio proteolitico della forma ancorata alla membrana plasmatica e al rilascio della forma solubile ad opera dell’enzima TACE (TNF-α Converting Enzyme), che regola la funzione di altre proteine di membrana come il recettore dell’interleuchina-6 e i ligandi del recettore EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor).
Per comprendere il ruolo ancora sconosciuto di TACE nell’obesità indotta da dieta grassa e nelle sue complicanze metaboliche, topi Tace+/- e topi WT (Wild Type) sono stati alimentati con una dieta standard (Standard Chow, SC) o grassa (High Fat Diet, HFD) per sedici settimane.
E’ stato osservato che i topi Tace+/- risultano parzialmente protetti da obesità e insulino-resistenza rispetto ai topi WT. Infatti, quando sottoposti ad un regime di HFD, i topi WT mostrano obesità viscerale, aumentati livelli plasmatici di acidi grassi liberi, aumento dell’espressione genica per MCP-1 (Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1), ipoadiponectinemia, intolleranza al glucosio e insulino-resistenza, rispetto ai topi Tace+/-.
Inoltre i topi Tace+/- hanno mostrato aumentati livelli di espressione genica per UCP-1 (UnCoupling Protein-1) e GLUT (GLUcose Transporter)-4 nel tessuto adiposo bianco.
Questi risultati suggeriscono che lo sviluppo di molecole in grado di modulare l’attività di TACE può rappresentare un importante passo nella prevenzione dell’obesità e delle sue complicanze metaboliche.TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor)-α is known to affect glucose and lipid metabolism through alternative and redundant mechanisms at different levels. TNF-α exerts its paracrine effects once the membrane-anchored form is shed and the soluble form is released from the cell membrane. TNF-α cleavage is regulated by TACE (TNF-α Converting Enzyme), which regulates the shedding and the function of several transmembrane proteins, such as IL-6R (Interleukin-6 Receptor) and EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) ligands. To shed light into the unknown role of TACE in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and its metabolic complications we used Tace+/- mice fed with a standard or HFD for 16 weeks. We observed that Tace+/- mice are relatively protected from obesity and insulin resistance compared with WT littermates. When fed a HFD, WT mice exhibited visceral obesity, increased FFA (Free Fatty Acids) and MCP-1 (Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1) levels, hypoadiponectinemia, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance (all features of the metabolic syndrome) compared with Tace+/- mice. Interestingly, Tace+/- mice exhibited increased UCP-1 (UnCoupling Protein-1) and GLUT (GLUcose Transporter)-4 expression in white adipose tissue. These results suggest the development of pharmacological modulators of TACE activity as a novel way to treat obesity and its metabolic complications.
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GHIANI, GIOVANNA MARIA. « Composizione corporea, nutrizione personalizzata e costo energetico della corsa : studio longitudinale su una popolazione di individui fisicamente attivi ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266378.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Considering the relation between body weight-composition and energy cost of running, we tested
the hypothesis that modifying body composition by means of a combined protocol of specific diet
and training, the energy cost of motion (Cr) may be reduced. 45 healthy and normal-weight subjects
were divided into three groups that performed a different treatment: the first group attended only a
dietary protocol (D), the second only a running program (R) and the third both (R&D). Each subject
underwent three anthropometric and exercise evaluation tests during one year (at T0, T6, T12) to
assess body composition and Cr adjustments. The mean fat mass (FM) values were reduced in R&D
from 12.0±4.0 to 10.4±3.0 kg (p<0.05 T0 vs. T12) and in the D group from 14.2±5.8 to 11.6±4.7 kg
(p<0.05 T0 vs. T12). Conversely, the mean fat free mass values increased in R&D (from 56.3±8.8
to 58.3±9.8 kg, p<0.05 T0 vs. T12) and in the D group (from 50.6±13.2 to 52.9±13.6 kg, p<0.05 T0
vs. T12). The mean Cr values of the 2 groups were significantly modified throughout the one year
protocol (1.48±0.16 and 1.40±0.15 kcal·kg-b·km-1 in the R&D group at T0 and T12 respectively;
1.83±0.17 and 1.76±0.23 kcal·kg-b·km-1 in D group at T0 to T12 respectively). The R&D and D
groups that underwent the diet protocol had a positive change in body composition during the year
(FM-fat free mass ratio decline) which determined a Cr reduction.
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MURTAJ, VALENTINA. « GENDER, AGE AND METABOLIC DYSFUNCTION AS RISK FACTOR FOR NEUROINFLAMMATORY DISEASES ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/306486.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L'elevata prevalenza di disturbi metabolici e cognitivi rappresenta uno dei maggiori problemi della salute umana. Recenti scoperte indicano che l'obesità può influenzare le funzioni cerebrali, tuttavia l'effetto di una dieta ricca di grassi sul sistema nervoso centrale non è ancora completamente compreso. Lo scopo di questo studio è la valutazione dell'influenza della dieta grassa sulla neuro infiammazione e sulla funzione cerebrale regionale in un modello murino di insulino-resistenza, con particolare attenzione alle differenze dipendenti dal sesso.
I topi maschi e femmine C57BL/6J sono stati nutriti con dieta standard o dieta grassa (due tenori: 45% / 60% di grassi) per 35 settimane. Gli animali sono stati monitorati settimanalmente per analizzare le variazioni di peso corporeo, analisi ematochimiche (glucosio circolante, colesterolo totale, ALT e AST) e test di tolleranza al glucosio. Gli studi di imaging con tomografia a emissione di positroni (PET) sono stati eseguiti longitudinalmente utilizzando [18F] -FDG e [18F] -VC701 come radio-traccianti, per misurare rispettivamente il consumo di glucosio e l'attivazione di microglia / macrofagi all'interno del cervello. La risonanza magnetica (RM) e la spettroscopia a risonanza magnetica (SRM) sono state utilizzate per misurare gli effetti della dieta sul contenuto lipidico epatico e sull'accumulo di grasso peri addominale. Infine, l'analisi della trascrittomica post-mortem è stata applicata alla corteccia anteriore al fine di rivelare potenziali modifiche nell'espressione genica.
La dieta grassa introduce in modo significativo un aumento del peso corporeo, della tolleranza al glucosio e dei parametri ematochimici che variano in base al sesso. Anche l'accumulo di grasso peri addominale nel maschio e il contenuto di lipidi nel fegato, come rivelato alla spettroscopia RM, sono stati osservati in tale modello. Quest'ultimo effetto è stato particolarmente evidente nelle femmine. La PET [18F]-FDG ha mostrato un aumento relativo del metabolismo del glucosio nella regione anteriore del cervello, inclusi i bulbi olfattivi sia nei topi maschi che in quelli femmine, mentre l'aumento osservato nella corteccia anteriore è stato riscontrato solamente nei topi maschi alimentati con il 60% di dieta grassa. Inoltre, l'analisi della correlazione tra l'assorbimento del glucosio cerebrale e i diversi biomarcatori metabolici ha rivelato, principalmente nei topi maschi, modificazioni metaboliche cerebrali regionali associate a valori di BMI e parametri ematochimici. Lo studio PET condotto con il tracciante [18F]-VC701 ha mostrato una tendenza generale verso un aumento dell'assorbimento del tracciante in tutto il cervello dopo il consumo di dieta grassa nei topi maschi e femmine. L'analisi della trascrittomica nella corteccia anteriore ha mostrato una comune de-regolazione dei geni associati allo sviluppo del sistema nervoso, ma anche modificazioni specifiche legate al sesso.
Il nostro studio suggerisce che l'obesità indotta da regime alimentare di dieta grassa nei topi adulti, causa un deterioramento metabolico generale non confinato alla periferia ma che coinvolge anche regioni cerebrali selezionate. L'aumento del segnale del tracciante per la proteina TSPO suggerisce che l'obesità può indurre una reazione neuro-infiammatoria diffusa nel cervello dei topi di entrambi i sessi. La tecnica di imaging PET è stata usata per identificare la presenza di squilibrio metabolico e risposta neuro-infiammatoria del cervello di topo sotto regime alimentare di dieta grassa. Questo dato è rilevante poiché il nostro modello riproduce le alterazioni metaboliche periferiche tipiche della sindrome di insulino resistenza e del diabete di tipo 2.The high prevalence of metabolic and cognitive disorders represents one of the major issues of health systems. Recent findings indicate that obesity may affect brain functions however the effect of a high-fat diet (HFD) on the central nervous system is not fully understood. The aim of this study is the evaluation of the influence of HFD on neuroinflammation and regional brain function in a mouse model of Insulin Resistance (IR) focusing on sex-dependent differences induced by peripheral metabolic impairment. C57BL/6J male and female mice were fed with standard chow or HFD (45%/60%) for 35 weeks. Animals were monitored weekly for body weight, haemato-chemical analysis (circulating glucose, total cholesterol, ALT, and AST), and glucose tolerance test (GTT). Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging studies were performed longitudinally using [18F]-FDG and [18F]-VC701 as radiotracers, to measure respectively glucose consumption and microglia/macrophages activation within the brain. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) was used to measure the effects of diet on hepatic lipid content and peri abdominal fat accumulation. Finally, post-mortem transcriptome analysis was applied to the anterior cortex to reveal potential modification in gene expression. HFD induced a significant increase in body weight, glucose tolerance, and haemato-chemical parameter in a sex dependent manner. HFD diet increased peri abdominal fat accumulation in male and lipid content in the liver as revealed at MR spectroscopy. This last effect was particularly evident in females. PET [18F]-FDG showed a relative increase in glucose metabolism in the anterior region of the brain including the olfactory bulbs in both male and female mice while an increase in the anterior cortex was found in males mice fed with 60% HFD. Moreover, correlation analysis between glucose uptake and different metabolic biomarkers revealed, mainly in male mice, regional brain metabolic modifications associated with BMI values and haemato-chemical parameters. [18F]-VC701-PET showed a general trend toward an increase of tracer uptake all over the brain after diet consumption in both male and female HFD mice. Anterior cortex transcriptome analysis showed a common de-regulation of genes related to nervous system development but also sex-specific modifications. Our finding suggests that HFD induced obesity in adult mice causes a general metabolic impairment not confined in the periphery but involving also selected brain regions. The increased binding of the activated microglia associated with TSPO radioligand suggests that obesity can induce a diffuse neuro-inflammatory reaction in mice's brains. PET imaging technique is permitted to identify the presence of metabolic derangement and the neuro-inflammatory response of mice brain induced by HFD. This finding is relevant since our model reproduces the peripheral metabolic modification typical of IR and type 2 diabetes.
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Araneda, Ríos Felipe. « Arritmogénesis en ratones alimentados con dieta rica en grasas saturadas ». Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/146976.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La obesidad es un problema de salud pública. Se ha demostrado el desarrollo directo de falla cardiaca secundaria, con manifestaciones clínicas precoces y sutiles, como por ejemplo una mayor frecuencia de episodios de arritmia en sujetos obesos.
En modelos de ratones alimentados con una dieta rica en ácidos grasos saturados (HFD), que se hacen obesos a las 8 semanas, se produce alteraciones del equilibrio redox en el corazón lo que aumenta la actividad de los Receptores de Ryanodina (RyR) in vitro, pero no se ha estudiado su correlación con la actividad eléctrica del corazón in vivo.
En este estudio, registramos el electrocardiograma de ratones alimentados con dieta rica en ácidos grasos saturados en reposo y luego de un estrés con cafeína y epinefrina para estudiar la tendencia a producir arritmias de estos animales. También estudiamos el efecto de apocinina, un inhibidor de la NADPH oxidasa (NOX) que normaliza la actividad de los RyR in vitro, sobre la frecuencia de arritmias en estos animales. Se utilizaron ratones alimentados con dieta rica en grasas saturadas (HFD, 60% de las calorías proviene de grasas saturadas), desde las 3 semanas de vida, por 8 semanas, versus un grupo control alimentado con dieta normal (C, 10% de calorías proviene de grasas saturadas). Algunos animales HFD y algunos controles recibieron apocinina (0.5 mg /ml) en el agua de bebida desde el inicio de la quinta semana, (grupo HFD+APO y C+APO respectivamente). Se realizaron mediciones basales de segmentos del ECG (Onda P, PR, RR, QRS, QT) y se registraron de arritmias ventriculares, en condición de reposo y frente a stress farmacológico proarritmogénico (Cafeína + Epinefrina).
Encontramos que el grupo HFD presentó un aumento de fenómenos arritmogénicos malignos durante el periodo de registro en reposo comparados con el grupo control. La adición de apocinina al agua de bebida disminuyó estos eventos en forma significativa; sin embargo, no logro evitar el desarrollo de arritmias durante la prueba de stress farmacológico. Registramos un acortamiento del QRS en ratones HFD, sin modificación del segmento Qt. Consideramos que los presentes resultados son muy sugerentes de la asociación entre disfunción de RyR2, dieta alta en grasas, y desarrollo de arritmias malignas.Obesity is a public health issue. Secondary heart failure has been proven, with early and subtle clinical manifestations such as a higher frequency of arrhythmias in obese subjects. In a model of mice fed with a high fat diet (HFD), they become obese after 8 weeks, developing redox imbalance and increased activity of Ryanodine Receptors (RyR) in vitro; but their correlation with the heart electric activity in vivo hasn`t been studied. In this study, we registered electrocardiogram of mice fed with a diet rich in saturated fat during rest, and during stress using caffeine and epinephrine, to analyze the risk of arrhythmia in these animals. We also studied the effect of Apocynin, a NAPDH oxidase (NOX) inhibitor which normalizes RyR2 activity in vitro, over the arrhythmia frequency in these animals. We used mice fed with a diet enriched in saturated fat (HFD, 60% calories from saturated fat), from week 3, for 8 weeks, versus a control group fed with control diet (C, 10% calories from saturated fat). A subgroup of UFD and control animals received apocynin (0.5 mg/ml) in their drinking water, from week 5 (Groups HFD+APO and C+APO respectively). Basal measurements of ECG segments (P wave, PR, RR; QRS, Qt), and ventricular arrhythmias during rest and pharmacological stress condition (caffeine + epinephrine) were registered. We found that the HFD group presented an increase of malignant arrhythmias during rest, compared with control group. Addition of apocynin in the drinking water diminished these event significantly; however, it could not prevent these arrhythmias during pharmacological stress. A shortening of the QRS segment, without changes in segment Qt was registered. The results are suggestive of association between RyR2 dysfunction, a high fat diet, and development of malignant arrhythmias.
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Villanueva, Coz Maria Virginia Del Pilar. « Efecto de una dieta con grasa "light" sobre el tejido adiposo, hepático e intestino de ratas ». Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2007. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1859.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Objetivo: Determinar los efectos que pueden ocasionar los ácidos grasos constituyentes del aceite y/o grasa denominada comercialmente "Light" sobre el tejido adiposo, hepático e intestinal y las posibles alteraciones enzimáticas a nivel hepático en ratas albinas.
Diseño: Estudio prospectivo, longitudinal, experimental aleatorizado.
Materiales y Métodos: Realizado en 30 ratas machos raza Wistar de 21 días de edad, distribuidas en tres grupos al azar. El grupo (A) recibió una dieta con 33% de ácidos grasos provenientes de un Aceite Vegetal, el grupo (B) recibió 33% de un Aceite “Light” y el grupo (C) recibió 33% de ácidos grasos presentes en Margarina “Light”.
Resultados: El peso de las ratas se incremento durante todo el experimento (Grupo A 593%, Grupo B 586%, Grupo C 624%). La composición corporal del grupo C (alimentado con margarina “Light”) registro un alto contenido de agua 146%, bajo contenido de proteínas 17,74 % y bajo contenido de lípidos 12,05% en comparación con los grupos A y B
La actividad enzimática de la Piruvato kinasa (E.C. 2.7.1.40) y la de Glucosa 6-fosfato deshidrogenasa (E.C. 1.1.1.49) en el grupo C se incremento en 0,8 u/g en relación al grupo A. El nivel de Lactato deshidrogenasa (E.C. 1.1.1.27) disminuyo en el grupo C (438,7 u/g) y la 6-Fosfogluconatodeshidrogenasa (E.C. 1.1.1.41) se incremento en el grupo B (1,3 u/g). Los niveles de peroxidación lipídica del grupo C registraron un incremento de 117.96% de nivel de lipoperoxidación al ser comparados con el grupo A (100%) y B (104.63%)
La concentración de proteínas hepáticas se incremento en el grupo B (0,86 g/dL)
En el tejido hepático del grupo C se observó menor volumen individual del hepatocito con un alto grado de infiltración acuosa, anisonucleosis, poiquilonucleosis e infiltración grasa.
El tejido adiposo presento mayor volumen individual.
En el tejido intestinal las células de paneth y las células cilíndricas perdieron su forma habitual y mayor deterioro histológico al ser comparado con los grupos A y B.
Conclusiones: Ratas alimentadas con dietas que incluían ácidos grasos provenientes de la grasa tipo Margarina Vegetal “Light”, presentaron trastornos en la composición corporal, variaciones en las concentraciones enzimáticas, peroxidación lipídica y cambios morfológicos en el tejido.Objective: To determine the effects caused by fatty acids comprised in oil and fats commercially designated as “light” on adipose, liver, and intestinal tissue of Albino rats, as well as possible liver enzyme alterations in these animals. Design: Prospective, longitudinal, experimental, and randomized study. Materials and Methods: The study was performed in 30 Wistar male rats, 21 days old, who were randomly assigned to one of three groups. The animals in group (A) received a diet comprising a 33% fatty acid content from vegetable oils, Group (B) received the same fatty acid content from a “light” oil, and Group (C) received a 33% fatty acid content from “light” margarine. Results: Weights of the animals increased during the whole experiment (Group A, 593%; Group B, 586%; and Group C, 624%). Body composition of animals in Group C (fed with “light” margarine) revealed a high water content, 146%; low protein content, 17,74 %, and a low lipid content, 12,05% compared to body composition in groups A and B. Pyruvate kinase enzyme activity (E.C. 2.7.1.40) and that of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.1.1.49) in Group C had a 0,8 u/g improvement compared to Group A. Lactate dehydrogenase levels (E.C. 1.1.1.27) was reduced in Group C (438,7 u/g), and 6-phosphogluconatedehydrogenase levels (E.C. 1.1.1.41) increased in Group B (1,3 u/g). Lipid peroxidation in Group C animals had a 117.96% increase when compared to those of Group A (100%) and B (104.63%). Liver protein concentrations were increased in Group B (0,86 g/dL) Liver tissues of Group c animals had lower individual hepatocyte volumes, with a high degree of water infiltration, and isonucleosis, poikilonucleosis and fat infiltration. Adipose tissue had a higher individual volume. In intestinal tissues from Group C animals, both Paneth and cylinder-shaped cells lost their usual appearance, and they had more histological deterioration compared to intestinal cells from Groups A and B animals. Conclusions: Rats fed with diets including fatty acids from “light” vegetable margarine had alterations in their body composition, they also had variations in enzyme concentrations and lipid peroxidation, as well as morphological changes in liver, adipose, and
Tesis
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Weinman, Michelle L. « Grass pickerel diet and habitat selection in Indiana rivers and streams ». Virtual Press, 2006. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1356256.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Grass pickerel were collected in rivers and streams throughout Indiana for diet analysis. Frequency of occurrence, mean percent volume, and relative importance index were calculated for diet from all grass pickerel stomachs containing food. Grass pickerel were divided into three size classes (57-95mm, 96-150mm, >150mm) and stomach contents were divided into four groups (insects, fish, crayfish, and other). Grass pickerel in the small size class consumed mostly fish and crayfish while in the largest size class mostly crayfish were ingested. In addition, habitat selection was identified for grass pickerel. Macro and microhabitat were evaluated and described using the Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index and visual assessment. Grass pickerel selected habitat with slow moving water and instream cover of either logs/woody debris or aquatic macrophytes.Department of Biology
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Palomera, Ávalos Verónica. « Mecanismos implicados en la neurodegeneración inducida por dieta grasa en modelos de senescencia ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/463007.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La población mundial está envejeciendo, la mayoría de países del mundo están experimentando un aumento en el número y la proporción de personas mayores. Los últimos datos publicados de la ONU en 2017 informan que se espera que el número de personas mayores de 60 años o más se duplique para el 2050 y triplique para 2100; pasará de 962 millones en 2017 a 2.100 millones en 2050 y 3.100 millones en 2100. Al aumentar la esperanza de vida también se incrementan de manera paralela las patologías relacionadas con el envejecimiento y las enfermedades neurodegenerativas. La tasa de envejecimiento y la aparición de patologías relacionadas con la edad están moduladas por la respuesta al estrés y las vías de reparación que se disminuyen gradualmente, incluidas la proteostasis y el daño mitocondrial, entre otras cosas.
Por otro lado, en los últimos años se ha observado también que la obesidad está creciendo en todo el mundo, en parte debido a un aumento en el consumo de dietas altas en grasas. Se ha establecido que la obesidad es un factor de riesgo para desarrollar enfermedades neurodegenerativas.
En este contexto y dado que el envejecimiento junto con una dieta alta en grasa son los principales factores de riesgo para desarrollar diferentes trastornos neurodegenerativos nos planteamos estudiar cuales son los mecanismos implicados en la neurodegeneración inducidos por una dieta alta en grasas en modelos murinos y como el resveratrol que es un polifenol ampliamente conocido por sus efectos beneficiosos en la salud ejerce un efecto neuroprotector en el cerebro de los ratones.
Para éste estudio utilizamos un modelo de ratón que presenta senescencia acelerada y otra cepa silvestre con envejecimiento normal. Los resultados en este trabajo demuestran que el estrés metabólico inducido por la dieta alta en grasa produce daños significativos en la memoria y el aprendizaje, además altera vías moleculares importantes implicadas en las enfermedades neurodegenerativas así como daño mitocondrial, aumento en la expresión de citocinas pro-inflamatorias y alteraciones en marcadores de estrés oxidativo en el hipocampo. Finalmente la mayoría de estos procesos alterados por el estrés metabólico fueron prevenidos por el resveratrol, ayudando al organismo a tener una mejor respuesta ante el daño provocado.
En conclusión, los resultados obtenidos en esta tesis proponen que se puede utilizar el resveratrol como un tratamiento preventivo y que se puede considerar como una estrategia para reducir los efectos nocivos provocados por la edad y por la dieta alta en grasa y así poder tener un envejecimiento saludable con una mejor calidad de vida.The world population is aging, most countries of the world are experiencing an increase in the number and proportion of elder people. The latest data published by the UN in 2017 shown an expectation of twofold increase in the number of people over 60 years by 2050 and threefold by 2010; from being 962 millions in 2017 to 2,100 millions in 2050 and 3,100 in 2100. By increasing the lifespan also, in parallel, increase the pathologies associated to aging and neurogenerative diseases. The aging rate and the appearance of neurodegenerative diseases. The aging rate and the appearance of age-related pathologies are modulated by the response to stress and the damage repair pathways which diminish gradually, including the proteostasis and the mitochondrial damage, among others. Therefore, in the las years it has been observed that obesity has also been increasing all over the worlds, in part due to the large consumption in high fats. It has been established that obesity is a risk factor to develop neurodegenerative diseases. In this context, and given the fact that aging along with a high fat diet are the main risk factors to develop different neurodegenerative disorders, we sought to study; which are the mechanisms involved in neurodegeneration induced by a high fat diet in murine models and how the resveratrol, which is a polyphenol widely known for its health benefits, exerts a neuroprotective effect on the mouse brain. For this study, we used a mice model which displays a hasten onset of senescence and a wild type with a normal aging rate. The evidence presented on this research demonstrate that the metabolic stress induced by a high fat diet induces significant memory and learning damage, moreover alters important molecular pathways involved in neurodegenerative diseases along with mitochondrial impairment, increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers alterations at the hippocampus. At last, the majority of these processes disturbed by the metabolic stress where prevented by resveratrol, helping to have a better response against the damage inflicted. In conclusion, the results obtained from this thesis propose the use of resveratrol as a preventive treatment, that also it can be consider as a strategy to reduce the harmful effects induced by aging and a high fat diet, aim to have a healthy aging with a better life quality.
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Martín, Castillo Antonia. « Efecto de la atorvastatina sobre la enfemedad grasa del hígado inducida en pollos mediante una dieta aterogénica ». Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10971.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Este trabajo valora el efecto de la dieta y el tratamiento con atorvastatina sobre la EGHNA inducida en pollos mediante una dieta hiperlipémica, empleando técnicas de análisis bioquímico, histológico, microscopía electrónica, técnicas inmunocitoquímicas y cuantificaciones histológicas. Utilizamos 100 pollos de la raza White Leghorn, se dividieron al azar en dos grupos control e hiperlipémico en una primera fase de inducción de hígado graso (3 meses) y en una segunda fase de otros 3 meses los animales hiperlipémicos fueron divididos en los grupos de progresión con dieta hiperlipémica, regresión, regresión farmacológica y progresión farmacológica. La retirada de la dieta y/o el tratamiento con atorvastatina reduce la esteatosis hepática, la inflamación y la lesión hepatocelular. Se constata una mayor actividad de la enfermedad en los grupos de progresión respecto a los de regresión y una menor actividad en los animales tratados respecto a los no tratados.The aim of the present study was to determinate the effect of diet and atorvastatin on NAFLD induced by hyperlipidemic diet in experimental animals. We carried out serum biochemical analysis, histology, electron microscopy and immunohistochemical techniques and histological quantifications. We used one-hundred white Leghorn chickens. The chickens were randomly assigned to 2 Kinds of diet: a standard diet and a hyperlipidemic diet. After a three-month induction period the chickens were randomly divided in four groups and were breeding for another three-month period with different diets. Thus, the groups of our study were as follows: healthy control, hyperlipidemic progression, spontaneous regression, pharmacological regression and pharmacological progression.The removal diet and/or atorvastatin treatment decreased the steatosis, inflammation and hepatocelular lesion grade in the liver. We have observed a greater NASH Activity Score in progression groups than regression groups and lower activity in the treatment groups with regard to non-treated groups.
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Galdame, Miriam. « Desarrollo de galletas tipo snack con perfil lipídico mejorado ». Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, 2015. http://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/7150.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cuando se habla de alimentación saludable, se aconsejan cuatro comidas diarias y
dos colaciones en base a frutas o lácteos. Sin embargo, existe una tendencia a limitar el
número de comidas, debido al ritmo de vida que se lleva actualmente y, a su vez,a
aumentar el número de ocasiones en el día donde se comen pequeñas cantidades de
comidas a intervalos irregulares, especialmente “snacks". Convirtiéndose un componente
muy importante de la dieta, siendo fuente de calorías adicionales que podrían o no estar
indicados en el plan alimentario adecuado.
El problema detona a partir de la última década, ya que ha crecido notablemente, en
varios países del mundo (tanto en países desarrollados como en aquellos que se
encuentran en vías de desarrollo), la prevalencia de sobrepeso y de obesidad,
considerándose, por ello, una epidemia global y siendo la enfermedad crónica no
transmisible más prevalente en estos tiempos (Archivos Argentinos de Pediatría, 2005).
Reconociéndose como un gran problema de salud pública, según la Organización Mundial
de la Salud (OMS), que conlleva a otras enfermedades no transmisibles. Por esto, el
consumidor comienza a preocuparse por tener una alimentación saludable y se hace
necesario el desarrollo de snacks que se adapten a esta necesidad.
El objetivo general de este proyecto es desarrollar galletas saladas tipo snack
mejorando sus características nutricionales, rediseñando las formulaciones para que sean
atractivas al consumo utilizando las propiedades beneficiosas a la salud del aceite de
oliva virgen, por el alto contenido de ácidos grasos monoinsaturados, la buena relación de
ácido graso linoleico (omega 6) y el ácido graso linolénico (omega 3), y por el contenido
de sustancias antioxidantes. (Alonso, 1993).
El desarrollo del producto comenzó con la pre-selección de 9 formulaciones de
galletas que coincidieran con las características deseadas, estas fueron sometidas a una
evaluación sensorial realizada por 20 evaluadores semi entrenados, resultando elegidas,
cinco de ellas.
Las formulaciones elegidas fueron sometidas a análisis físico-químicos, a fin de
obtener el perfil lipídico de cada una de ellas y su composición centesimal. Una vez
obtenida esta información, se efectuó una comparación con snacks que se encontraban el
circuito comercial, en los años 2010 y 2014.
Por otra parte, se realizó una nueva evaluación sensorial con 100 alumnos de la
Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, a fin de determinar el grado de aceptación.
Como conclusión, con respecto al perfil lipídico, se observó un mejoramiento
destacado en ambas comparaciones, tanto con respecto a las galletas comerciales de la
actualidad, y mucho más notorio, en las del año 2010. Además, se obtuvieron mejores
características nutricionales, especialmente con respecto al contenido de sodio y de fibra,
en relación al snack presente en el mercado. Desde el punto de vista organoléptico, todas
las formulaciones tuvieron buena aceptación.Fil: Galdame, Miriam. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias.
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ROMERO, DAVILA ANABEL 168350, et DAVILA ANABEL ROMERO. « Efecto de la adición de grasa a la dieta en el comportamiento reproductivo de hembras ovinas suffolk ». Tesis de doctorado, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/64379.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La eficiencia reproductiva de los animales está marcada por el inicio de la pubertad, fertilidad y prolificidad. El suministro de ácidos grasos en la dieta tiene efecto en los procesos reproductivos. La nutrición y condición corporal se encuentran directamente relacionadas con el inicio de la pubertad. En el presente trabajo se evaluó el efecto de la adición de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (AGP) de sales de calcio (Megalac®-R) a la dieta sobre la edad de inicio de la pubertad de corderas Suffolk. Los resultados de la edad de inicio de la pubertad mostraron que existen diferencias estadísticas entre los tratamientos T1: 219,01±6.14a, T2: 152±7,31b y T3: 149±7,04b días, con el peso en kg fue de 41,53±1,11a, 42,45±1,35ª y 52,96±1,44b (P<0,0001), respectivamente. La concentración sérica de colesterol (T1: 2,18a, T2: 2,24ab y T3: 2,41b) y HDL (T1: 1,43a, T2: 1,94ab y T3: 2,34b) muestran diferencias (P<0,0001). Los resultados obtenidos indican que la adición de AGP disminuye la edad de inicio de la pubertad de las corderas Suffolk. Por otra parte, debido a que existen grasas protegidas a nivel comercial que no proveen AGP de interés en la reproducción se planteo elaborar la protección de aceites de alto contenido de AGP, para la alimentación de rumiantes. Se utilizó aceite de canola, cártamo, soya, maíz, ajonjolí y girasol, los cuales fueron saponificados con NaOH y Ca a diferentes temperaturas (60, 120 y 180°C.), y se determinó su grado de dureza (Nw), pH a los 0 y 7 d, y la energía bruta (cal/kg) del aceite y el jabón. La concentración energética fue superior (P<0.001) para el aceite de Cártamo con respeto al de Ajonjolí, no mostrando diferencias para el resto de los aceites (P>0.05), la concentración energética de los jabones fue menor en un 30 %, siendo superior (P<0.001) para canola y cártamo. La textura fue superior para los jabones a base de ajonjolí y girasol (P<0.001), con respecto a los demás jabones. En cuanto al efecto de la temperatura para la elaboración de los jabones, no se observaron diferencias (P>0.05). El pH para los jabones fue superior el día cero (P<0.05) con respecto al día 7. Por lo que la concentración energética de los aceites y jabones varía en función de su fuente de origen, los jabones de canola y cártamo energéticamente son superiores, sin verse afectados por la temperatura para su elaboración.
Livres sur le sujet "Dieta grassa"
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Toscano, Salvo. La camera grassa : Una dieta per i consigli regionali degli sprechi. Soveria Mannelli : Rubbettino, 2014.
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Sanjuán, Gloria. Quemar grasas : Dieta para quemar calorías. Alcobendas, Madrid : Editorial LIBSA, 2002.
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1961-, Atkinson Catherine, dir. Baja en grasas. Naucalpan, México : Degustis, 2003.
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Susana, Robles María, et Gutraich Ariel, dir. Alimentos sanadores para el sobrepeso. Bogotá : Editorial Norma, 2007.
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1961-, Atkinson Catherine, dir. Bajo en grasas : Recetas sencillas. Naucalpan, Mexico : Degustis, 2003.
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La celulitis : Recetas para hacer frente a ... México : Editorial Trillas, 2014.
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Platos ligeros. Barcelona : Parragon, 2003.
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Trini, Vergara, dir. Cocina rica & light. Buenos Aires : V & R Editoras, 2007.
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Wendy, Berecry, Toyos Isabel et Webb Warren, dir. Baja en grasas. Naples, Fla : Trident Press International, 2003.
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Esther, Guindi H., et Killer F. Mabel, dir. Secretos de la comida sana. México, D.F : Arquitectos Mexicanos Editores, 2003.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Dieta grassa"
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Hannan, Jason. « Grass-fed lies ». Dans Routledge Handbook of Sustainable Diets, 129–39. London : Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003174417-14.
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Filipov, N. M., F. N. Thompson, N. S. Hill, D. L. Dawe, J. A. Stuedemann et J. C. Price. « Effects of Endophyte-Infected Fescue Seed Based Diets Upon Rabbits Vaccinated Against Ergot Alkaloids ». Dans Neotyphodium/Grass Interactions, 421–23. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0271-9_66.
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Gil, P. C. Nunes, R. Françoso, T. N. Centini, J. Rodrigues Gandra et A. A. O. Gobesso. « Effect of the inclusion of ricinoleic acid from castor oil (Ricinus communis L.) in equine diet based on Bermuda grass hay : glycemic and insulinemic response ». Dans Forages and grazing in horse nutrition, 371–72. Wageningen : Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-755-4_51.
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Donadelli, Renan, et Greg Aldrich. « Miscanthus Grass as a Nutritional Fiber Source for Monogastric Animals ». Dans Grasses and Grassland - New Perspectives [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99951.
Texte intégralRésumé :
While fiber is not an indispensable nutrient for monogastric animals, it has benefits such as promoting gastrointestinal motility and production of short chain fatty acids through fermentation. Miscanthus x giganteus is a hybrid grass used as an ornamental plant, biomass for energy production, construction material, and as a cellulose source for paper production. More recently Miscanthus grass (dried ground Miscanthus x giganteus) was evaluated for its fiber composition and as a fiber source for poultry (broiler chicks) and pets (dogs and cats). As a fiber source, this ingredient is mostly composed of insoluble fiber (78.6%) with an appreciable amount of lignin (13.0%). When added at moderate levels to broiler chick feed (3% inclusion) Miscanthus grass improved dietary energy utilization. However, when fed to dogs at a 10% inclusion Miscanthus grass decreased dry matter, organic matter, and gross energy digestibility, and increased dietary protein digestibility compared to dogs fed diets containing similar concentrations of beet pulp. Comparable results were reported for cats. In addition, when Miscanthus grass was fed to cats to aid in hairball management, it decreased the total hair weight per dry fecal weight. When considering the effects Miscanthus grass has on extruded pet foods, it behaves in a similar manner to cellulose, decreasing radial expansion, and increasing energy to compress the kibbles, likely because of changes in kibble structure. To date, Miscanthus grass has not been evaluated in human foods and supplements though it may have applications similar to those identified for pets.
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Doligez, Pauline, Marie Delerue, Agnès Orsoni, Bathilde Diligeon, Céline Saillet, Hervé Feugère, Guillaume Mathieu, Jean Baptiste Quillet et Stéphanie Cassigneul. « Promoting Grass in Horse Diets and Implementing Sustainable Deworming : ‘Équipâture’ Programme ». Dans Equine Science. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92734.
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Kemmerer, Lisa. « Introduction ». Dans Eating Earth. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199391844.003.0005.
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When i was in my twenties on a Watson Fellowship that took me to the Tibetan Plateau, I met an Irishman at a low-end restaurant. We had dinner together. Though each of us had met many other people in our travels, there was something magnetic about our connection—I refer to the negative ends of a magnet. We disagreed about pretty much everything. At the time, I would best have been described as a budding philosopher, ethicist, atheist, feminist, and animal liberationist; he was a scientist, mathematician, born-again Christian, and environmentalist. Ideologically we had almost nothing in common, but since we had both been traveling for months with little opportunity to speak English (and even less to engage in meaningful discussions) we spent our days together . . . and argued almost perpetually. Because we tended to meet at dinner, and because I was a vegetarian, our disagreements usually began over food, then spread to innumerable other areas of discord. Despite the discord, we continued our discussions long after we returned to our respective homes. Yet neither reason nor heartfelt pleas shifted the Irishman to a plant-based diet. He was sympathetic to human moral responsibilities for animal suffering (ever the Christian), but on learning of the cruelty of animal agriculture, he merely shifted to “happy meat” and the eggs of “free range” chickens. Though I feverishly pointed to the horrific transport and dependable adolescent slaughter of grass-fed and “free range” animals, and the absence of any nutritional need for animal products in our diet, my energy was wasted. Ultimately, it was the Irishman’s concern for the environment, combined with his predilection for numbers, that altered his dietary choices. Recently my friend composed an essay for an anthology I was putting together, about animal advocacy and environmentalism and the search for common ground. In the process, he applied his math and science skills to calculate the ratio of the mass of wild birds to the ratio of the mass of chickens in the U.K.—1:104. His horror was palpable despite his wry response: “For every ten grams of wild bird, somewhere out there (and close) lies a full kilo of chicken.”
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« Biology, Management, and Conservation of Lampreys in North America ». Dans Biology, Management, and Conservation of Lampreys in North America, sous la direction de Trent M. Sutton et Stephen H. Bowen. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874134.ch8.
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<em>Abstract</em>.—Larval lampreys are burrowing suspension feeders in streams that efficiently use organic detritus as their primary nutrient source. Although larval lampreys often exhibit daily patterns in activity (being most active at night), diel variations in food habits and feeding behavior have not been investigated. The objective of this study was to determine whether larval northern brook lampreys <em>Ichthyomyzon fossor</em> exhibit diel periodicity in diet composition, assimilation efficiency, or gut fullness. Larvae were collected at 4-h intervals over a 24-h period from the Pike and Pilgrim rivers, Michigan. Organic detritus composed most of the diet ash-free-dry-mass (AFDM) for each sampling period, and averaged 94.7% and 97.4% for the Pike and Pilgrim rivers, respectively. Assimilation efficiency of AFDM averaged 61.3% (range, 55.7–68.9%) for the Pike River and 87.5% (range, 80.8–94.3%) for the Pilgrim River. Gut fullness in the Pike and Pilgrim rivers was low, averaging 0.23 (range, 0.18–0.30) and 0.20 (0.14–0.25) mg diet AFDM per grams larvae, respectively. Although gut fullness did vary slightly on a diel basis, larval northern brook lampreys feed continuously but slowly in order to achieve a high rate of assimilation from a low-quality food resource.
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Cordes, Eugene H. « Proteins : Molecular Wonders in Three Dimensions ». Dans Hallelujah Moments. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199337149.003.0007.
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I grew up in a solid middle-class family, largely of German descent, in a city of modest size in central Nebraska. Like a lot of such families, our diet was based on meat and potatoes. It was an unwritten but religiously observed law in our home that two meals each day would include both meat and potatoes. The meat was turkey twice a year, ham on occasion, chicken or pork from time to time, but mostly beef. The potatoes were usually boiled or boiled potatoes subsequently sliced and fried. My brother and I also drank a lot of whole milk, at least a quart a day each and frequently more (skim milk was available, but no one gave much thought to “reduced fat” or “low fat” milk back in those days). On farms, a lot of people just drank what the cows had on tap. Between the meat, potatoes, and the whole milk, we got a lot of protein in our diet, which is good; we also got a lot of saturated fat in our diet and that is not so good. Adequate protein in our diet is essential for good health. Proteins in our diet break down to provide essential amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. The amino acids that are essential in our diet are those that our bodies cannot make or cannot make in adequate quantity for optimal health. For dietary proteins, two things matter: amount and quality. The amount of protein is a simple quantitative matter; it is measured in grams per day. The amount you need depends on several factors: your gender, age, size, level of exercise and other physical activity, and whether you are pregnant or lactating, for example. The quality of protein is not so easy to evaluate. Getting the essential amino acids in your diet is more important than getting the others. The highest quality proteins are those that contain an abundance of all the essential amino acids. Meats and dairy products are among the best sources of high-quality proteins.
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NAVARRO-MEZA, Mónica. « Ingesta e indicadores bioquímicos Sricos en ratones adultos expuestos a una dieta alta en grasa por un periodo corto ». Dans Mujeres en la Ciencia Biología, 1–14. ECORFAN, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35429/h.2020.9.1.14.
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Upasana et Latika Yadav. « Pseudocereals : A Novel Path towards Healthy Eating ». Dans Pseudocereals [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.103708.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Nowadays, interest in research about pseudocereals has increased worldwide. Pseudocereals can be defined as seeds or fruits of non-grass species that can be consumed similarly to cereals. The most extensively used pseudocereals include quinoa, chia, buckwheat, amaranth, and so on. All of them, have good nutritional and bioactive compounds such as essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, minerals, and vitamins. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has also reported that there is a buddle of plants that are under-utilized that significantly contribute to improving nutrition and health as well as enhancing food basket and livelihoods of the individual; contributing to future food security and sustainability. Earlier studies also reported that pseudocereals protein-derived peptides have anti-cancerous, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, hypocholesterolemic, and antioxidant properties. The presence of these interesting properties in pseudocereals enhances the interest to carry out extensive research regarding their health benefits and the way to incorporate them into the diet. In this chapter, we portray different types of pseudocereals with their nutritional benefits for living a healthy and active life.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Dieta grassa"
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Sharifyanov, Bilus, Halyaf Ishmuratov et Fanuz Shagaliev. « Use of silos of legume-cereal grass mixtures in the diets of young cattle ». Dans Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. ru : Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2022-28-76-184-190.
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The purpose of this work is to increase the intensity of growth and development of young cattle when rearing highly productive cows, as well as when fattening for meat through the use of energy-saturated high-protein silos harvested using a new technology in feeding diets. To solve the tasks set in the conditions of LLC "Yenikeyev" Dyurtyulinsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan, crops of mixtures of high-protein, energy-saturated unconventional and crops of mixtures of traditional fodder crops were isolated and silos were prepared by preliminary drying to 70% humidity and using a new generation preservative Biosib. The study of the chemical composition and nutritional value of feed was carried out in the laboratories of zooanalysis of the Bashkir Research Institute of the UFIC RAS and BASHNPVL according to generally accepted methods. Studies have shown that silos from legume-cereal grass mixtures, harvested according to new technologies, are real reserves for replenishing the range of feed for young cattle when growing highly productive cows in the winter-stall period of maintenance, as well as when fattening for meat. The feed is highly nutritious and of good quality. 1 kg of feed contains 0,22-0,24 EKE and 19,0-23,9 g of digestible protein. Feeding heifers 7 kg / head / day of silage of a mixture of eastern goat and boneless stalk increases the intensity of their growth. Compared with the control, the average daily gains in live weight of animals in the experimental group were 7,8% higher. The use of 8 kg of silage in the diet of heifers of a mixture of eastern goat and boneless stalk, while reducing the proportion of concentrates by 0,2 kg, contributes to an increase in live weight gain by 9,0% compared with a group of animals receiving a similar feed mixture of alfalfa and boneless stalk. Feeding bulls 12 and 17 kg of silage with a mixture of eastern goat and boneless stalk also increases the intensity of their growth. In comparison with the control, the average daily increments of animals of the experimental groups were higher by 9,5 and 14,3%. The use of 12 and 17 kg of silage in the diets of fattened young animals of a mixture of eastern goat and boneless rump reduces the cost of concentrated feed per unit of increase by 9,3 and 37,2%.
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Schaub, R. G., et F. P. Bell. « LIPID ACCUMULATION AND METABOLISM IN CARRAGEENAN-INDUCED GRANULOMAS COMPARED TO BLOOD MONOCYTES AND THE AORTA ». Dans XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643410.
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Arteries undergoing atherogenic change show an increase in cholesteryl esterifying activity by acylCoA:cholesterol acetyl-transferase (ACAT) and a progressive accumulation of cholesterol esters within monocyte derived foam cells. The study of these factors, however, is limited by the necessity of obtaining artery tissues for analysis. In this study, an in vivo model (Am J Path 118:134 and 120:391, 1985) which permits the analysis of foam cell development without requiring collection of aortas was examined in more detail. New Zealand rabbits (6 each) were either maintained on a 1% cholesterol/peanut oil diet (HD) or a regular chow diet (RD) for 2 weeks after which each had 15 ml of a 1% carra-geenan gel (Marine Colloids) injected subcutaneously into the mid-abdominal area. The rabbits were maintained on their respective diets for an additional 4 weeks. At sacrifice, blood was collected for both serum and monocyte isolation. Granulomas and aortic arches were also excised. Tissues were assayed for lipid accumulation and metabolism. Electron and light microscopy was also performed on immersion fixed (1% glutaraldehyde) granuloma tissue. Granulomas of HD rabbits were pale yellow and averaged 36 grams, while RD granulomas were a pale red and averaged 11 grams (p less than 0.05). RD granulomas did not stain with oil red 0. HD granulomas had homogenous oil red 0 staining which indicated lipid accumulation. Both RD and HD granulomas had large numbers of macrophages. RD macrophages accumulated follicular carrageenan, but not lipid. In HD granulomas, foam cell development was observed. Granuloma lipid content and metabolism paralleled the aorta and blood monocytes. The HD tissue had increased ACAT activity and lipid composition changes indicative of atherosclerosis. RD granulomas had no elevation of lipid content or ACAT activity. The results suggest that the carrageenan-induced granulomas provides a useful model for studying the biochemical and morphologic changes characteristic of aortic monocyte-derived foam cells and the early arterial atherosclerotic process.
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Adiwinarti, Retno, Christina Maria Sri Lestari, Endang Purbowati, Vita Restitrisnani, Agung Purnomoadi et Edy Rianto. « Agricultural byproducts in lamb’s diet can substitute Napier grass without decreasing lambs products ». Dans THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LIFE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (ICoLiST). AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0107786.
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ISMAILOV, Ismail Sagidovich, Nina Vladimirovna TREGUBOVA, Rashid Hasanbievich KOCHKAROV, Anna Victorovna MORGUNOVA et Natalija Alecseevna DRIZHD. « THE RELATIONSHEEP OF AMINO ACID METABOLISM WITH PRODUCTIVITY OF GROWING YOUNG SHEEP ». Dans RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.125.
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A number of studies on digestion of the ruminants have shown the process of synthesis of all the essential amino acids in the rumen (Abu Fadel, 2004; Trukhachev, V., Zlidnev, N. 2008). However, according to some researches, microbial protein is deficient in methionine and lysine. This assumption also proves the need for further study of the influence of balanced amino acids to these diets on the growth, development and productive performance of the ruminants. Scientific approbation of the issues related to establishing the requirements of young sheep in lysine and methionine with cystine and development of recommendations for their proper balance in animal rations have been conducted along with a series of physiological, scientific and practical experiments. For this purpose, we used the following research methods: preparative, analytical, measuring and calculating. Zootechnical evaluation of young sheep’s diet with different levels of lysine and methionine with cysteine has been conducted, and influence of these components on growth, development, metabolism, the use of amino acids and wool productivity have been studied. The importance of studying the content of amino acids in plasma is evident because they are the indicators of protein metabolism in the animals’ organism and represent themselves the exchange fund when used in the biochemical transformations in the process of updating the protein of the body tissues and the synthesis of animal products. Increase in young sheep’s diet of lysine and methionine can improve their productivity, reduce the cost of feed energy and improve biochemical indexes of meat, taking into account the optimization of its amino acid composition. Efficiency increase of young sheep during the process of the individual development is linked to conditions of feeding and in particular the usefulness of a protein food, which is primarily determined by sufficient intake of essential amino acids - lysine and methionine with cystine. Thus, the inclusion in the diet of growing young sheep some amount of synthetic amino acids – 6–8 grams of lysine and 3–4 g of methionine per 1 fodder unit, enhances oxidation-reduction processes, increase productivity, i.e. wool yield and other indicators. The content of free amino acids in plasma directly depends on their availability in feed. The use of synthetic amino acids (lysine, methionine and cystine) contributed to the increase of their content in a free state in the blood serum, indicating their increased demand in sheep. With the use of different doses of synthetic amino acids (lysine, methionine, cystine) in the diets of young sheep it has been found that the organization of optimum conditions of feeding, care and management of sheep in winter season help to avoid abrupt changes in the structure of the skin, to ensure the normal development of the histological structure and morphogenetic processes.)
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Wahyono, Teguh, S. NW Handani et Firsoni Firsoni. « Effect of Superblock Supplementation to Native Grass Based Diet on Rumen Fermentation In Vitro ». Dans Proceedings of International Seminar on Livestock Production and Veterinary Technology. Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/proc.intsem.lpvt-2016-p.132-138.
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Vasiliev, Y. S., P. B. Fedorov, A. A. Rufov et M. V. Makhatyrov. « USE AND EVALUATION OF THE SMAXTEC INTERNAL MONITORING SYSTEM FOR SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL FATTENING OF KALMYK CATTLE IN YAKUTIA AND SOME ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF FATTENING ». Dans STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.521-524.
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The article presents the results of using the SmaXtec internal monitoring system for fattening calmyk calves up to 18 months with the inclusion of local natural feed additives in the diet. For 60 days of fattening, an absolute increase in live weight was obtained from 45 to 55 kg with an average daily increase of 800-900 grams. We studied the monitoring data – the pH level and temperature of the rumen, the activity of the animal during the fattening period when changing the feeding diet. Calculated the costs and cost of feed during fattening.
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Manzocchi, E., M. Kreuzer et K. Giller. « Milk quality of dairy cows fed with Spirulina instead of soybean meal in a grass-based diet ». Dans 6th EAAP International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition. The Netherlands : Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-891-9_56.
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Yulistiani, Dwi, Wisri Puastuti et Yeni Widiawati. « In Vitro Digestibility and Rumen Fermentation of Grass or Rice Straw Basal Diet With or Without Complete Rumen Modifier Supplementation ». Dans Proceedings of International Seminar on Livestock Production and Veterinary Technology. Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/proc.intsem.lpvt-2016-p.310-317.
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Dos Santos, Aellison Cassimiro T., Aline M. Araújo, Bianca Karla A. de S. Melo, Diego Filipe S. De Lima, Diogo V. Dantas, Igor N. Dos Santos, Marcos Henrique A. Da Silva, Matheus Lima M. De Araújo, Matheus Maranhão R. Praxedes et Paulo R. P. Da Silva. « Workshop de GNU/Linux : incentivando o uso de softwares livres nos cursos de informática ». Dans XXV Workshop sobre Educação em Computação. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/wei.2017.3555.
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Com o avanço da informática na sociedade, e consequentemente no sistema educacional, e a dificuldade de acessoás novas tecnologias, o uso de softwares livres mostra-se uma solução promissora. Software Livre e de Código Aberto (FOSS, do inglês Free Open Source Software) é, atualmente, uma base imprescindível em qualquer instituição. Graças aos conceitos que norteiam o movimento de software livre, é possível democratizar o acessoá essas tecnologias. Este trabalho tem como objetivos: apresentar uma forma de elaborar e conduzir oficinas sobre SLs para alunos recém-chegados em cursos de informatica; e promover o uso do Sistema Operacional GNU/Linux como uma porta de entrada para outros softwares livres, e uma alternativa ao uso de softwares proprietários. Ao final, foi realizado uma avaliação qualitativa baseada na observação direta e nos dados colhidos por meio de questionários.
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Belashova, O. V., A. V. Zaushintsena et N. V. Fotina. « BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF CREATING FUNCTIONAL DAIRY PRODUCT ENRICHED WITH THE EXTRACT OF SCUTELLARIA GALERICULATA L. » Dans STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.669-673.
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One of the ways to eliminate population diseases and increase the body is resistance to adverse environmental factors is the systematic use of functional food products enriched with a complex of biologically active substances with a wide range of therapeutic effects. The creation of a new, unique functional dairy product was preceded by long-term comparative biochemical studies of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Scutellaria galericulata L. In the grass and roots, biologically active substances of a phenolic nature, such as baicalin, vogonin, scutellarin, etc., were found useful for medicinal purposes. The use of extracts from the of Scutellaria galericulata L. in the development of a functional product based on sour-milk fractions made it possible to obtain curd mass enriched with the biologically active substance of this plant. The functional product meets the organoleptic, physico-chemical, tasting requirements for new functional products and is recommended for introduction into the diet of different population groups by age and functional activity.