Thèses sur le sujet « Diazirina »
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DE, BELLIS VITO. « Multifunctionalized molecular systems for elastomers functionalization and as innovative crosslinkers in rubber compounds ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/368240.
Texte intégralThe aim of this PhD project concerns the synthesis of a new class of cross-linking molecules for polymers used in the world of tires. In particular, these molecules must be stable at room temperature but capable of reacting thermally with the polymer matrix at temperatures greater than 100 ° C, forming irreversible covalent bonds. These functionalizers must also be simple to synthesize, integrable in an industrial process, versatile, economical, relatively low toxic and able to interact with the polymer without significantly affecting its properties. In this context, a system that is able to generate two reactive species in two different temperature ranges was created: the first functionality generates a carbene, the second a 1,3-dipolar species of the nitrilimino type. Both species are capable of providing cycloadducts with olefinic systems. After careful bibliographic research in order to identify the most suitable systems, both known and new compounds were synthesized, trying to modulate the activation temperature of these structures. All synthesized systems were characterized by NMR and IR analyzes. The characterization was completed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), with which the activation temperature of the functions present was detected; as well as the temperature at which the cycloaddition reaction should take place. Finally, on the most interesting selected systems, reactivity tests were performed on model polymeric systems that could be easily processed on a laboratory scale, in order to demonstrate the actual functionalization by thermal means. The molecules that presented the most interesting technological characteristics were prepared in quantities in the order of grams necessary to conduct compound tests using a "Brabander" mixer. These compounds were then analyzed by RPA (Rubber Process Analyzer) to observe any positive effects of the functionalized polymers. The system with two different activation temperatures was used to study possible effects on the morphology of the phases within polymeric blends: the different reactivity of the carbene and nitrilimine components is exploited, trying to improve the interaction of the two polymers as well as the physical properties of the resulting material. All compounds were also characterized by swelling, Dumbbell traction, DSC, DMA, frequency sweep and density.
Orlov, Alexander G. « Synthesis of Diazirine-Functionalized Organic Semiconductor Materials ». Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1354718561.
Texte intégralMacro, Jason Brindley. « Substituted diazirines as polyfunctional photoactive substrates ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670217.
Texte intégralFagour, William. « Synthesis of Polymeric Materials From Novel Monomers Featuring Diazirine Units ». Thesis, University of Reading, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485366.
Texte intégralWartmann, Thomas [Verfasser]. « Synthese und Reaktivität photolabiler Indol- und Tryptophanderivate mit Diazirin-Teilstruktur / Thomas Wartmann ». München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1051549752/34.
Texte intégralMorgan, Scott Christopher. « Experimental and theoretical considerations of carbenes, diazirines, and nitrenes / ». The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487779120907133.
Texte intégralAl-Omari, Mohammad Hasan. « Synthesis of Alkynes from Bi-3H-diazirin-3-yls : Trapping of Strained Cycloalkynes ». Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200400059.
Texte intégralBibliographische Beschreibung und Referat Al-Omari, Mohammad Synthesis of Alkynes from Bi-3H-diazirin-3-yls: Trapping of Strained Cycloalkynes Technische Universität Chemnitz, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften Dissertation 2003, 76 Seiten. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine neue Methode zur Synthese von Alkinen beschrieben. Ausgehend von acyclischen, mono- und bicyclischen 1,2-difunktionalisierten Vorläufern wurden Bidiazirine synthetisiert und deren Eignung als Precursoren für Alkine untersucht. Dabei musste festgestellt werden, dass sich weder von 1,2-Diketonen noch von Iminoketonen die als Zwischenprodukte benötigten Bidiaziridine direkt darstellen ließen. Der einzige erfolgreiche Syntheseweg führte über die 1,2-Diimine zu Diastereomeren-Gemischen der gewünschten Bidiaziridine. Die Oxidation der Bidiaziridine lieferte die Bidiazirine, welche als Vorstufen für die Synthese von Alkinen dienten. So konnten auf diesem Wege sowohl spannungsfreie lineare Alkine wie 2-Butin als auch extrem gespannte Cycloalkine wie Cyclohexin oder Norbornin synthetisiert werden. Der spektroskopische Nachweis der Alkine erfolgte dabei direkt bzw. über verschiedene Abfangprodukte. Stichworte: 1,2-Diketon, 1,2-Diimine, Bidiaziridin, Bidiazirin, gespannte Cycloalkine, Norbornin, Abfangreagentien, Cycloaddition
Pastore, Heloise de Oliveira 1962. « Reatividade de diazirinas e diaziridinas com compostos de paladio (II) em solventes proticos e aproticos ». [s.n.], 1987. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249088.
Texte intégralDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-15T00:22:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pastore_HeloisedeOliveira_M.pdf: 4360939 bytes, checksum: 4b2a06a447bd997ebe69a323312947f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1987
Mestrado
Zhang, Yunlong. « Ultrafast Time Resolved and Computational Studies of Diazo and Diazirine Excited States, and of Carbenes ». The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1267479070.
Texte intégralBlencowe, Anton. « The development of polymerisation and surface modification techniques using diazirines as carbene precursors ». Thesis, University of Reading, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433454.
Texte intégralSchneider, Yoann. « Utilisation des diazirines comme source d'azote électrophile pour la synthèse d'hydrazines et d'hétérocycles ». Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8736.
Texte intégralKumar, Arun Babu. « Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Diazirine Photolabels with Improved Ambient Light Stability and Fluorous-Based Enrichment Capacity ». Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4112.
Texte intégralPIQUET, FAURE VALERIE. « Influence de substituants phosphores sur la reactivite de 3h-diazirines, nitrilimines et 2h-azirines ». Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30261.
Texte intégralNury, Catherine. « Développement d’une sonde de photoaffinité pour la détection sensible de formes actives de Métalloprotéases Matricielles dans des systèmes biologiques complexes ». Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05P629/document.
Texte intégralA new activity-based probe able to covalently modify the active site of proteases belonging to the matrix metalloprotease family (MMPs) has been developed in this thesis project. The probe was shown to behave as potent inhibitor of several MMPs, with nanomolar Ki values. This probe was also able to modify specifically only the free active site of MMPs, with particular high yields of cross-linking varying from 50 % to 11 %, depending of the MMPs tested. Using radioactivity as means of detection, this probe was able to detect active form of MMPs with a threshold of 1 femtomole. Applied to the study of bronchoalvelolar fluids (BAL) from mice exposed to nanoparticles by a lung aspiration protocol, this probe revealed the presence of the catalytic domain of MMP-12 under its active form, but not in control animals. When used to detect active form of MMPs from extracts obtained from human arteries of patient suffering from atherosclerosis, the probe was not able to detect such MMP active forms. Despite this negative result, the detection of active form of MMP in pathological fluid like BAL has never been reported before this work. Having validated this novel MMP activity-based probe, it will be possible to use it now for detecting MMPs from other pathological fluids or tissues extracts in which MMPs can be good markers of the pathology
Prévost, Julie. « Développement de catalyseurs pour la réaction d'halolactonisation énantiosélective et valorisation de diazirines comme source d'azote électrophile ». Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5755.
Texte intégralBohlmann, Tina [Verfasser], et Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Lindel. « Studien zur Synthese von Vinyl-Diazirinen und des marinen Naturstoffs Psammaplin A / Tina Bohlmann ; Betreuer : Thomas Lindel ». Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2018. http://d-nb.info/117581458X/34.
Texte intégralGlachet, Thomas. « Utilisation de iodonitrène en synthèse organique : application à la synthèse de NH-sulfoximines et de 3H-diazirines ». Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC250.
Texte intégralThis dissertation is organized around the reactivity of the iodonitrene generated in presence of PIDA and NH3. First, this reagent was used for the one-pot synthesis of NH-sulfoximines from sulfides (with or whithout perfluoroalkylated chains), thanks to λ6-sulfanenitriles intermediates. The synthetic usefulness of this method was demonstrated thanks to the synthesis of the clinical anti-cancer drug Atuveciclib (Bayer). On the other hand, the iodonitrene was also used for the one-pot synthesis of terminal diazirines from α-amino acids. The isolation of 15N2-diazirines in presence of 15NH3 suggest a trans-imination step and allowed for the synthesis of the corresponding 15N2-diazirines. Next, this synthetic method was then extended to carbonyl compound. Lastly, the terminal 15N2-diazirines were used in hyperpolarization, a promising NMR technique for medical imagery. Very long relaxation times and polarization transfer to the protons of the molecule outlook promising future applications in MRI
Wang, Jin. « Ultrafast studies of reactive intermediates ». Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1196155202.
Texte intégralIkeda, Yoshio. « A Calcium ATPase in Mosquito Larvae as a Putative Receptor for Cry Toxins ». The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1367549657.
Texte intégralCarreras, Virginie. « Réactions d'insertion énantiosélective de composés diazoïques dans la liaison silicium-hydrogène et synthèses de cyclopropènes via la cycloaddition [2+1] d’alcynes avec des diazirines en flux continu ». Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69597.
Texte intégralThe insertion of diazo compounds into the Si–H bond is a direct and efficient method of synthesizing organosilanes. Various methods employing catalysts, in particular asymmetric catalysts, have been studied in the past. The common issue, detailed in the first part of this thesis, is the use by existing methods of complex and expensive chiral catalysts. This can make the synthesis and use of chiral organosilanes less attractive. This is why in Chapter 1 a green method of asymmetric catalysis for the synthesis of chiral organosilanes is developed, using diazo compounds. This route employs an inexpensive CuI catalyst system, an easy-tosynthesize ligand, mild reaction conditions and which show excellent results. A wide range of chiral organosilanes have been synthesized with yields up to 98% and enantioselectivities up to 98:2 er. To get insight into the reaction mechanism of this reaction, isotopic, competition or computational studies allowed us to understand the key steps of this transformation. The second part of this thesis was to develop an innovative method for the synthesis of gem-difluoro alkenes via an 1,2-desilylative defluorination reaction of organosilanes. This gem-difluorinated alkenes are real synthetic tools, often used in many subsequent reactions. This is why simplifying its synthesis by the 1,2-desilylative defluorination of trifluoromethylated organosilanes represents a real potential. This transformation arises from the possible application to the synthesis of organosilanes via the insertion of diazo compounds into the Si–H bond. The addition of a catalytic amount of fluoride on trifluoro-methylated organosilanes activates the catalytic system that provides excellent yields of gem-difluoro alkenes. Various examples and applications have been demonstrated. This method promotes the use of polyfluoromethylated organosilanes for the synthesis of perfluorinated alkenes. The third chapter of this thesis was about the cyclopropenation of alkynes by cycloaddition [2+1] with the use of carbene precursors. The first part consisted in studying the photochemical decompositions of the diazo compounds and diazirines, using a continuous flow system. The aim was to present a new pathway for the synthesis of trifluoromethylated cyclopropenes. This transformation has shown excellent results with the use of trifluoromethylated diazirines, for the synthesis of new cyclopropenes. Different ranges of LEDs were used to be suitable for a wide range of diazirines. Control experiments were carried out, and comparison of diazo compounds vs diazirines reactivities, and also comparisons of cyclopropenation vs cyclopropanation transformations could be evaluated. We were also able to benefit from the advantages of using continuous flow by allowing us to work on several grams, while remaining safe. Lastly, using synchronous measurements of infrared spectra, we were able to illustrate the presence of diazo compounds during the decomposition of diazirines by photochemistry, allowing us to raise certain hypotheses about the reaction mechanism The second part of chapter 3 illustrates the development of an asymmetric synthesis of chiral cyclopropenes by repeating the concepts developed above for the Si–H insertion. This reaction involving trifluoromethylated diazo compounds has not yet shown satisfactory results. This part is still under study and other approaches are being considered to date.
White, Walter Reynolds. « Rearrangements in the ground and excited states of carbenes and diazirines : the equilibrium constant between homocubene and homocubanylidene and concurrent hydrogen migration and nitrogen extrusion in the excited... / ». The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487760357822815.
Texte intégralNury, Catherine. « Développement d'une sonde de photoaffinité pour la détection sensible de formes actives de Métalloprotéases Matricielles dans des systèmes biologiques complexes ». Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00868790.
Texte intégralCassell, Ryan T. « Synthesis of a PbTx-2 photoaffinity and fluorescent probe and an alternative synthetic route to photoaffinity probes ». FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1612.
Texte intégralOrtiz, Gerardo X. « The Synthesis of Novel N-Heterocyclic Scaffolds and Diazirine-Based Molecular Tags ». Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/12905.
Texte intégralN-Heterocycles are ubiquitous in biologically active natural products and pharmaceuticals. Yet, new syntheses and modifications of N-heterocycles are continually of interest for the purposes of expanding chemical space, finding quicker synthetic routes, better pharmaceuticals, and even new handles for molecular labeling. There are several iterations of molecular labeling; the decision of where to place the label is as important as of which visualization technique to emphasize.
Piperidine and indole are two of the most widely distributed N-heterocycles and thus were targeted for synthesis, functionalization, and labeling. The major functionalization of these scaffolds should include a nitrogen atom, while the inclusion of other groups will expand the utility of the method. Towards this goal, ease of synthesis and elimination of step-wise transformations are of the utmost concern. Here, the concept of electrophilic amination can be utilized as a way of introducing complex secondary and tertiary amines with minimal operations.
Molecular tags should be on or adjacent to an N-heterocycle as they are normally the motifs implicated at the binding site of enzymes and receptors. The labeling techniques should be useful to a chemical biologist, but should also in theory be useful to the medical community. The two types of labeling that are of interest to a chemist and a physician would be positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Coincidentally, the 3-positions of both piperidine and indole are historically difficult to access and modify. However, using electrophilic amination techniques, 3-functionalized piperidines can be synthesized in good yields from unsaturated amines. In the same manner, 3-labeled piperidines can be obtained; the piperidines can either be labeled with an azide for biochemical research or an 18F for PET imaging research. The novel electrophiles, N-benzenesulfonyloxyamides, can be reacted with indole in one of two ways: 3-amidation or 1-amidomethylation, depending on the exact reaction conditions. Lastly, a novel, hyperpolarizable 15N2-labeled diazirine has been developed as an exogenous and versatile tag for use in magnetic resonance imaging.
Dissertation
Al-Omari, Mohammad Hasan. « Synthesis of Alkynes from Bi-3H-diazirin-3-yls : Trapping of Strained Cycloalkynes ». Doctoral thesis, 2003. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A18096.
Texte intégralBibliographische Beschreibung und Referat Al-Omari, Mohammad Synthesis of Alkynes from Bi-3H-diazirin-3-yls: Trapping of Strained Cycloalkynes Technische Universität Chemnitz, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften Dissertation 2003, 76 Seiten. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine neue Methode zur Synthese von Alkinen beschrieben. Ausgehend von acyclischen, mono- und bicyclischen 1,2-difunktionalisierten Vorläufern wurden Bidiazirine synthetisiert und deren Eignung als Precursoren für Alkine untersucht. Dabei musste festgestellt werden, dass sich weder von 1,2-Diketonen noch von Iminoketonen die als Zwischenprodukte benötigten Bidiaziridine direkt darstellen ließen. Der einzige erfolgreiche Syntheseweg führte über die 1,2-Diimine zu Diastereomeren-Gemischen der gewünschten Bidiaziridine. Die Oxidation der Bidiaziridine lieferte die Bidiazirine, welche als Vorstufen für die Synthese von Alkinen dienten. So konnten auf diesem Wege sowohl spannungsfreie lineare Alkine wie 2-Butin als auch extrem gespannte Cycloalkine wie Cyclohexin oder Norbornin synthetisiert werden. Der spektroskopische Nachweis der Alkine erfolgte dabei direkt bzw. über verschiedene Abfangprodukte. Stichworte: 1,2-Diketon, 1,2-Diimine, Bidiaziridin, Bidiazirin, gespannte Cycloalkine, Norbornin, Abfangreagentien, Cycloaddition.
Omari, Mohammad al [Verfasser]. « Synthesis of alkynes from Bi-3H-diazirin-3-yls : trapping of strained cycloalkynes / von Mohammad Al-Omari ». 2004. http://d-nb.info/97064986X/34.
Texte intégralGonçalves, Pedro Santos. « Development of chemical tools for target identification of Torin-based anti-parasitic agents ». Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/24968.
Texte intégralAmerican Trypanosomiasis (AT), Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) and Leishmaniasis are neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) caused by the vector-borne infection with parasitic protozoa of the order Trypanosomatid. According to the World Health Organization, these diseases affect millions of people and are responsible for thousands of deaths every year. Despite the high prevalence in developing countries, the available drugs are outdated, present several side effects, lack efficacy and/or are hard to administer. Therefore new drugs are urgently needed. One powerful approach to fight the dearth of drugs for NTDs has been directed at repurposing established knowledge about classes of molecular targets that the pathogen holds in common with humans. We have recently disclosed Torin2, an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), as a potent antimalarial with in vivo activity against both liver and blood stages and a distinct mode of action compared with currently used antimalarials. Although no Plasmodium orthologs of mTOR exist, there are some proteins that show a sequence with relatively high similarity to human mTOR, namely a predicted phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and two predicted phosphatidylinositol-4 kinases (PI4K), which show conservation primarily in the kinase catalytic domain. This inspired us to screen Torin2 against other protozoan parasites and the results showed that the compound is active against T. brucei, T. cruzi and L. infantum. In order to access the applicability of this new chemotype to other human parasitic protozoan diseases, we have synthesized a small library of Torin2 analogues and tested it against Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania infantum, the agents of AT, HAT and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) respectively. The results were promising with EC50 values for some compounds in the low nanomolar range, surpassing the reference drugs for AT and VL. Identifying the target of the Torin-based compounds was also a major interest, thus adequate chemical tools started to be developed to allow proteome profiling and live-cell imaging based on photoaffinity-based probes. A task which was partially accomplished in the present work with the synthesis of the photo-crosslinker moiety and coupling with a synthesized Torin-based compound.
A Tripanossomíase Americana (TA), a Tripanossomíase Humana Africana (THA) e Leishmanioses são doenças tropicais negligenciadas (DTNs) causadas pela infeção com parasitas protozoários da ordem Trypanosomatida. De acordo com a Organização Mundial de Saúde, estas doenças afetam milhões de pessoas e são responsáveis por milhares de mortes todos os anos. Ainda que a prevalência das doenças em países em desenvolvimento seja alta, os medicamentos disponíveis são antiquados, apresentam diversos efeitos secundários, são pouco eficientes e/ou são difíceis de administrar. Assim, a descoberta de novos medicamentos é uma necessidade. Uma abordagem poderosa para combater a escassez de medicamentos para a DTNs passa por reutilizar compostos com alvos comuns entre parasitas e humanos. Recentemente o nosso grupo identificou o composto Torin2, um inibidor competitivo do ATP para a cinase mTOR, como um potente antimalárico com atividade in vivo contra a fase hepática e sanguínea, e um modo de ação distinto dos antimaláricos usados atualmente. Ainda que não existam proteínas ortológas da cinase mTOR no Plasmodium, existem proteínas com sequência relativamente semelhante à mTOR humana, nomeadamente uma PI3K e duas PI4Ks, que conservam o domínio catalítico da cinase. Estes factos levaram-nos a testar o Torin2 contra outros parasitas protozoários e os resultados mostraram que este é ativo contra T. brucei, T. cruzi e L. infantum. Para testar a aplicabilidade desta molécula para outras doenças de protozoários parasitas em humanos, foi sintetizada uma pequena biblioteca de compostos análogos do Torin2 e testados contra Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma brucei e Leishmania infantum, os agentes da TA, THA e leishmaniose visceral (LV) respetivamente. Os resultados foram promissores ao revelar compostos com EC50 na ordem do nanomolar, superando os medicamentos de referência para a AT e LV. A identificação do alvo molecular para estes análogos do Torin2 também era interessante, por isso começou-se a desenvolver ferramentas que possibilitariam o estudo proteómico e a visualização em células vivas baseado em sondas de foto-afinidade molecular. Uma tarefa para a qual se sintetizou um photo-crosslinker que se acoplou a uma estrutura análoga do Torin2.
Chen, Bin. « Design and synthesis of constrained azacyclic pyrrolidine analogues of FTY720 as anticancer agents & ; metal coordination-controlled and bifunctional catalysis toward tertiary β-Ketols ». Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13959.
Texte intégralThis thesis consists of two parts: Part 1: Design and synthesis of constrained azacyclic pyrrolidine analogues of FTY720 as anticancer agents FTY720 is presently marketed as a drug (GilenyaTM) for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. It functions as an immunosuppressant due to its effect on sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors. At higher doses, FTY720 also has antineoplastic actions. However, at such doses it induces bradycardia due to the activation of the S1P1 and S1P3 receptors. This limits its potentical to be used as a cancer therapy in humans. Our previous studies have shown that some constrained pyrrolidine analogues of FTY720 have anticancer activity but no activity toward S1P1 and S1P3 receptors. We reasoned that a study of the structure-activity relationships (SARs) could lead to the discovery of new effective antitumor agents. Thus, two series of constrained analogues (O-arylmethyl-substituted pyrrolidines and C-aryl-substituted pyrrolidines) were designed and synthesized (Chapter 1). These analogues showed excellent cytotoxic activity against various human cancer cells (prostate, colon, breast, pancreas and leukemia). Especially, several active analogues, which cannot be phosphorylated by SphK, have the potency to be further studied in the treatment of cancer without inducing bradycardia. Mechanistic studies suggest that these constrained analogues trigger down-regulation of nutrient transporters, which induce a bioenergetic crisis and the cancer cells starve to death. To further investigate their target receptors, we have designed and synthesized diazirine based photo-affinity labeling (PAL) probes (Chapter 2). Aided by the PAL technique, information regarding the target receptor could be obtained through LC/MS/MS protein analysis. These tests are in progress and the preliminary results appear promising. Part 2: Metal coordination-controlled and bifunctional catalysis toward tertiary β-ketols The Barbier and Grignard reactions are classical methods to form carbon-carbon bonds, and generally used to prepare secondary or tertiary alcohols. In an attempt to perform a Grignard reaction with n-butyl iodide under Barbier one-pot conditions, we obtained major product β-hydroxyl ketol from the self-aldol reaction of 5-hexen-2-one, rather than the expected addition alcohol product (Chapter 3). The unusual β-ketol formation was also observed using other methyl ketone substrates. Interestingly, in an intramolecular reaction of a triketone substrate, which is well known to give the Hajos-Parrish ketone, the favored product was a rarely studied β-ketol with the hydroxyl group at axial position. Intrigued by these results, after systematic reaction condition studies, we developed two new methods toward the catalytic synthesis of specific β-ketols by intramolecular cylcization in high yield and selectivity (Chapter 4). The reaction can be catalyzed either by a suitable base and lithium bromide as the additive, through a lithium pre-organized transition state or by a bifunctional catalyst TBD (triazabicyclodecene), through a TBD mediated bidentate transition state. The proposed mechanisms were corroborated by DFT computation. These catalytic reactions were also extended to other triketone and diketone substrates. Although the initial efforts to achieve enantioselectivity were not successful, they merit further study of the synthesis and investigation of new chiral catalysts.
Schuhmann, Tim. « Untersuchungen zur Biosynthese und Aktivität ausgewählter Plecomakrolide sowie chemisches Screening von Actinomyceten ». Doctoral thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-AE9C-8.
Texte intégral