Bibliographies thématiques / Developing Countries Mechanization

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Developing Countries Mechanization »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Developing Countries Mechanization"

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Liao, Wangda, Fusheng Zeng et Meseret Chanieabate. « Mechanization of Small-Scale Agriculture in China : Lessons for Enhancing Smallholder Access to Agricultural Machinery ». Sustainability 14, no 13 (29 juin 2022) : 7964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14137964.

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Developing countries with small-scale agriculture have yet to exploit the untapped potential of agricultural mechanization. This is because of the misconception that mechanization is often seen as unworthy in small-scale agriculture. The purpose of this paper is to examine the development of agricultural mechanization in China and to provide evidence on how smallholder farmers can access agricultural machinery. A narrative approach was employed to conduct an in-depth analysis of the policies, strategies, and trends associated with agricultural mechanization development. The findings showed that: (1) the establishment and development of mechanization for smallholder agriculture is an evolutionary process that strongly opposes leapfrogging (technocratic behavior) and making large jumps; (2) the foundation of mechanization development should rely on a self-reliance system; (3) an appropriate mechanization theory is the key to inducing the rapid growth of mechanization in small-scale agriculture; (4) the successful application of agricultural machinery requires strong, target-oriented, and pro-farmer policies with effective leadership strategies. We present the key lessons on policy and institutional aspects for countries with small-scale agriculture and who are in the initial stages of agricultural mechanization.
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Devkota, Rachana, Laxmi Prasad Pant, Hom Nath Gartaula, Kirit Patel, Devendra Gauchan, Helen Hambly-Odame, Balaram Thapa et Manish N. Raizada. « Responsible Agricultural Mechanization Innovation for the Sustainable Development of Nepal’s Hillside Farming System ». Sustainability 12, no 1 (2 janvier 2020) : 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010374.

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Agricultural mechanization in developing countries has taken at least two contested innovation pathways—the “incumbent trajectory” that promotes industrial agriculture, and an “alternative pathway” that supports small-scale mechanization for sustainable development of hillside farming systems. Although both pathways can potentially reduce human and animal drudgery, the body of literature that assesses the sustainability impacts of these mechanization pathways in the local ecological, socio-economic, cultural, and historical contexts of hillside farms is either nonexistent or under-theorized. This paper addresses this missing literature by examining the case of Nepal’s first Agricultural Mechanization Promotion Policy 2014 (AMPP) using a conceptual framework of what will be defined as “responsible innovation”. The historical context of this assessment involves the incumbent trajectory of mechanization in the country since the late 1960s that neglected smallholder farms located in the hills and mountains and biased mechanization policy for flat areas only. Findings from this study suggest that the AMPP addressed issues for smallholder production, including gender inequality, exclusion of smallholder farmers, and biophysical challenges associated with hillside farming systems, but it remains unclear whether and how the policy promotes small-scale agricultural mechanization for sustainable development of agriculture in the hills and mountains of Nepal.
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Okenna, Nwabueze Prince, et Babatunde Moses Adesanya. « International Trade and the Economies of Developing Countries ». American International Journal of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research 6, no 2 (4 septembre 2020) : 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/aijmsr.v6i2.747.

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The economic significance and benefits of foreign trade also known as international trade to the economies of developing countries cannot be overemphasized. Its role and contributions to the gross domestic earnings, employment generation, economic development, and poverty reduction in these underdeveloped countries such as Nigeria, Ghana, Benin Republic, and others have been too glaring especially in agrarian economies with fertile arable land.The main aim of this paper was to examine in-depth the contributions and relationship between international trade and the economic development of developing African countries. Furthermore, this paper recommended stringent macroeconomic policies that when formulated would encourage and increase the multiplier effect of these (foreign) trades. Part of these policies is targeted towards exchange rates, tariffs, import and export duties, subsidies, and actions that promote international trade.The research further concluded that internationaltradeis a key macroeconomic driver that must be encouraged in developing African countries as its multiplier effects have the potentials of driving the needed development goals of these nations. And for this to be achieved, these nations (developing countries) must formulate workable localized macroeconomic policies that suit and drive their interest as against borrowed economic policies from the developed European and Asian nations. Some of the recommendations proffered include adoption of friendly and pro-active export promotion policies, availability of grants, aids, subsidies, and loans, mechanization of the agrarian sector, adoption of flexible exchange rate, etc.This study made use of time series secondary data obtained from the World Development Indicators (WDI) and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) of developing African countries for a period between 2000 and 2019. A forecast of 15 years was also initiated using these data to provide a long-term insight into the benefits of these trading activities on the GDP of developing countries.
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Shaqiri, Fisnik, et László Vasa. « Efficiency and Sustainability Questions of the Agricultural Production in Kosovo ». Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development 9, no 1 (1 mai 2020) : 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vjbsd-2020-0001.

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AbstractThe paper focuses on comparing the economic features of the EU-28 and agricultural industry of Kosovo and also economic and agricultural conditions with some neighbouring countries based on the statistical analyses in the period of 2012 and 2016. Generally, it can be declared that in Kosovo the employment in agriculture is at a very highly level accompanied with less developed machinery level, in spite of the inflation rate at a low level with high portion of the agricultural land of total land area compared to the cases of other neighbouring countries. The international competitiveness of farmers needs for developing the mechanization is accompanied with increasing subsidies for farmers. The lack of capital, less educated and skilled employees in agricultural industry result into some economic difficulties for the further prosperity of the sector in Kosovo. The possible solutions for the agricultural industry in Kosovo are developing the mechanization, common selling-purchasing of farmers, more activities in agricultural services, secondary activities, increasing the subsidies for farmers, attracting farmers for food manufacturing industries, extending the agricultural advisory network and creation of better credit conditions for farmers.
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Bassi, Vittorio, Raffaela Muoio, Tommaso Porzio, Ritwika Sen et Esau Tugume. « Achieving Scale Collectively ». Econometrica 90, no 6 (2022) : 2937–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/ecta18773.

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Many firms in developing countries could be too small to adopt modern technology embodied in expensive production machines. This paper shows that rental market interactions allow these small firms to increase their effective scale and mechanize production. We conduct a survey of manufacturing firms in Uganda, which uncovers an active rental market for large machines between small firms in informal clusters. We then build an equilibrium model of firm behavior and estimate it with our data. We find that the rental market is quantitatively important for mechanization and productivity since it provides a workaround for other market imperfections that keep firms small. The rental market also shapes the effectiveness of development policies to foster mechanization, such as subsidies to purchase machines. Overall, our results point to the importance of taking into account firm‐to‐firm interactions within informal clusters to understand technology adoption in low income countries: focusing on the small scale of firms in isolation might be misleading.
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BUTLER, G. P., T. BERNET et K. MANRIQUE. « MECHANIZATION OF POTATO GRADING ON SMALL-SCALE FARMS : A CASE STUDY FROM PERU ». Experimental Agriculture 41, no 1 (janvier 2005) : 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479704002340.

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Potatoes are an important cash crop for small-scale producers worldwide. The move away from subsistence to commercialized farming, combined with the rapid growth in demand for processed agricultural products in developing countries, implies that small-scale farmers and researchers alike must begin to respond to these market changes and consider post-harvest treatment as a critical aspect of the potato farming system. This paper presents and assesses a low cost potato-grading machine that was designed explicitly to enable small-scale potato growers to sort tubers by size for supply to commercial processors. The results of ten experiments reveal that the machine achieves an accuracy of sort similar to commercially available graders. The machine, which uses parallel conical rollers, has the capacity to grade different tuber shapes and to adjust sorting classes, making it suitable for locations with high potato diversity. Its relatively low cost suggests that an improved and adapted version of this machine might enhance market integration of small-scale potato producers not only in Peru, but in other developing countries as well.
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Li, Zhi, Ming Zhu, Huang Huang, Yu Yi et Jingyi Fu. « Influencing Factors and Path Analysis of Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization : Econometric Evidence from Hubei, China ». Sustainability 14, no 8 (11 avril 2022) : 4518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14084518.

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The importance of supporting agricultural mechanization in agri-food supply chains to achieve agricultural and rural development has been comprehensively recognized. There has been a surge in the attention given to Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization (SAM) in the context of developing countries. However, it is important to address the major challenge of studying the important factors and the influencing path of SAM. As a representative province of China’s agricultural development, Hubei has developed significantly in terms of agricultural mechanization in the past 20 years. Therefore, using a literature review, representative field survey data, and statistical analytical approaches, 28 relevant factors related to SAM were extracted, and the main influencing factors of SAM were determined by building an integrative conceptual framework and using the corresponding structural equation model based on partial least squares (PLS-SEM). The relationships and influencing paths between the factors were analyzed, and a confirmatory measurement model and a structural model of the effects on sustainable agricultural mechanization were constructed. The results show that (1) the PLS-SEM model fits the experimental data well and can effectively reflect the relationships among factors in this complex system; (2) within the factors influencing the development level of SAM in Hubei, China, the economic factors have the greatest weight, whereas government policy factors are the core elements promoting development, and environmental factors are the most noteworthy outcome factors; and (3) economic and policy factors play a very obvious role in promoting SAM through the influencing paths of agricultural production and agricultural machinery production and sales. Ultimately, corresponding suggestions have been put forward for decisions regarding the implementation of SAM for similar countries and regions.
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Mohammad Emami, Morteza Almassi, Hossein Bakhoda et Issa Kalantari. « Agricultural Mechanization as the Driver of Reducing Food Loss and Waste in Developing Countries : Evidence from Iran ». Russian Agricultural Sciences 47, no 5 (septembre 2021) : 530–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068367421050049.

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Akolgo, Gilbert Ayine, Duke Nii Darko Quaye, Abdul-Rauf Malimanga Alhassan, Killian Asampana Asosega, Ebenezer Nunoo, Osman A. Akimsah Jedaiah, Michael Elorm Deho et Thomas Atta-Darkwa. « Status of Agricultural Mechanization in Ghana : Insight from Farmers’ Perception, Population, and Nonagricultural Sector Growth ». Advances in Agriculture 2022 (26 septembre 2022) : 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2094276.

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The growing human population is a driver for higher food demands with a need to scale agricultural production and maintain security of the food supply chain. Thus, there is a need to increase the adoption and improvement of mechanized systems in agriculture, especially where needed labor is also drifting into nonagricultural production sectors. With this view, the relationship or link between population and employment in nonagricultural sector in Ghana (West Africa) to agricultural mechanization was tested to ascertain any such validity. This formed the primary basis for this study and furthered on to establish the current level of agricultural mechanization within the country through measuring effect of available farm energy sources on farm sizes under cultivation. The methods employed included a structured questionnaire administered to farmers and other agricultural stakeholders to determine the level of mechanization, readiness to adopt/accept mechanization technology, level of usage of mechanization technologies, and ownership of machinery. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 20) software was used to model and analyze data obtained including a multiple regression method for the relationship between parameters. The overall level of agricultural mechanization in Ghana was found to be very low with 77.6% of the farm operations being performed manually. The level of the tractor power availability in Ghana was found to have increased from 0.0207 kW/ha in the year 2004 to 0.0588 kW/ha in the year 2020 and is expected to increase to 0.0752 kW/ha in the year 2025. The power availability valued in this study was also found to be low compared with that in other developing countries. Statistically, both employment in the service sector and population growth were significant determinants ( Adjusted − R 2 = 0.9172 ) in the variations in the level of mechanization of agriculture in Ghana and policymakers will have to make adjustments in policies to take note of these indicators most often underplayed. Advocacy for higher levels of mechanization of agricultural operations must increase as it is critical to the overall cost of production in agriculture as this study also found out that mechanized operations were between 21.3% and 53.8% cheaper than manual operations.
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Pervez Wasim, Mohammad. « Milk Production Response in Pakistan ». LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 10, no 1 (1 janvier 2005) : 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2005.v10.i1.a7.

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In third world countries, where the level of mechanization in agriculture is low, livestock rearing is mainly for draught purpose. On the other hand, the use of animals for draught purpose is low in developed countries owing to the high level of farm mechanization and the animals are mainly reared for the consumption of meat and milk. Milk production in Pakistan is an important enterprise for over five million households owning buffaloes and cattle. Supply response of livestock has been undertaken mostly in developed countries. In developing countries livestock farming is not done on a large scale basis. This study is an attempt to obtain the best estimates of the response of milk producers while making a decision about production allocation of milk in Pakistan. The main objectives of the study are: (1) to test whether Pakistani milk producers respond to price movements (2) to estimate the elasticities of production with respect to milk producers: (a) relative price (b) credit and lagged production (c) to make a comparison of short-run and long-run price elasticities with that of developed and underdeveloped countries (d) to identify policy measures. The study is based on secondary data at the Pakistan level and covers a period of 31 years, starting from 1971-72 to 2002-03. Marc Nerlove’s (1958) partial adjustment lagged model is used for the study. The result of the analysis reveals that in the process of making the production decisions for milk production, all the variables (relative price, credit availability and lagged milk production) are equally important.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Developing Countries Mechanization"

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Adolfsson, Niklas. « Appropriate technologies in Sub-Saharan Africa : the transition of cultivation techniques / ». Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2000. http://www.bt.slu.se/lt_old/Meddelande/Me2000-02/Meddel.pdf.

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VIERI, MARCO. « Criteri e tecniche di meccanizzazione agricola nei Paesi in via di sviluppo ». Doctoral thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/440652.

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Livres sur le sujet "Developing Countries Mechanization"

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Steve, Dembner, dir. Agricultural engineering in development : Guidelines for establishment of village workshops. Rome : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1988.

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Agricultural mechanization and child labour in developing countries. FAO, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4060/cb8550en.

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Skarp, S. U., et Brian Pothecary. Agricultural Engineering in Development : Guidelines for Establishment of Village Workshops (Fao Agricultural Services Bulletin). Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FA, 1988.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Developing Countries Mechanization"

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Onwude, Daniel I., Guangnan Chen, Norhashila Hashim, Jeff R. Esdaile, Chandima Gomes, Alfadhl Y. Khaled, Akindele F. Alonge et Elijah Ikrang. « Mechanization of Agricultural Production in Developing Countries ». Dans Advances in Agricultural Machinery and Technologies, 3–26. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351132398-1.

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Evans, L. T. « Greater Crop Production Whence and Whither ? » Dans Feeding a World Population of More Than Eight Billion People. Oxford University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195113129.003.0013.

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Crop physiology has been called “the retrospective science” by one plant breeder because we physiologists elucidate what the breeders have already achieved. Indeed, such explanations occupy the first part of this chapter, the whence of greater crop production. We shall also peer ahead, the whither in my title. But physiologists have learned that past increases in crop productivity have often come from unexpected and initially unrecognized directions, in many cases driven by developments in agronomy, mechanization, and demand. The integrating power of empirical selection for yield potential has, so far, proved more effective than ideological selection for specific physiological characteristics, presumably because yield is the integrated end result of a great variety of processes that must act in a balanced and coordinated way. Crop production can be increased in several ways, such as by extending the arable area, by increasing yield per hectare per crop or the number of crops per hectare per year (called intensification), by displacement of lower by higher yielding crops, and by reducing postharvest losses. Until the 1960s the major contribution for the world as a whole came from increases in the area of arable land and in the proportion of it under crop. Since then, however, the limited increases in arable area, in South America and Africa mostly, have largely been matched —though not in land quality —by losses to urbanization, transport, and degradation. The proportion of rainfed arable land under crop continues to increase slowly, currently being about three quarters for the developing countries as a whole. The intensification of arable land use is most important in warmer and wetter climates, particularly under irrigation. Double cropping of rice has been prominent in China since Sung times. Cropping intensity in the Punjab now approaches 200%, and FAO projects that 13% of the increase in crop production in developing countries by A.D. 2010 will come from intensification, compared with 21% from extension of the arable (Alexandratos, 1995). Further intensification will depend heavily on extension of the irrigated area, but much can also be achieved by the breeding of earlier maturing varieties coupled with improvements in fertilizer use and minimum tillage procedures.
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