Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Design analogico »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Design analogico"
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Liu, Hongwei, Yan Li, Jian Chen, Ye Tao et Wenhan Xia. « A structure mapping–based representation of knowledge transfer in conceptual design process ». Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B : Journal of Engineering Manufacture 234, no 3 (29 octobre 2019) : 400–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405419883070.
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By the knowledge transferring in different areas, analogical design has been considered as a powerful approach to promote the generation of novel ideas in product conceptual design. An efficient representation scheme for design knowledge is vital to implement analogical transferring. In this article, inspired from the structure mapping mechanism of analogical reasoning, a structure mapping–based representation was proposed to support designers to search and use design analogies. This representation can provide designers with insights into the structural information of knowledge situations, and consequently designers are able to implement the corresponding design analogy search at the level of the structural similarity, rather than the functional or superficial similarity. Based on this new representation scheme, a structure mapping–based analogical design framework was developed. In this framework, patents are used as the source of analogical knowledge, and the relational structure–based representation for the patent knowledge is created using the advanced natural language processing tools/algorithms. Next, the search of design analogies is implemented by means of the vector space model, and a new structure mapping–based concept generation model can finally guide the designers to use design analogies. An industrial case and a compared experiment were carried out to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed framework.
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Kristayulita, K. « Indirect Analogical Reasoning Components ». Malikussaleh Journal of Mathematics Learning (MJML) 4, no 1 (30 mai 2021) : 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/mjml.v4i1.2939.
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If using different instruments obtained a different analogical reasoning component. With use people-piece analogies, verbal analogies, and geometric analogies, have analogical reasoning component consists of encoding, inferring, mapping, and application. Meanwhile, with use analogical problems (algebra, source problem and target problem is equal), have analogical reasoning components consist of structuring, mapping, applying, and verifying. The instrument used was analogical problems consisting of two problems where the source problem was symbolic quadratic equation problem and the target problems were trigonometric equation problem and a word problem. This study aims to provide information analogical reasoning process in solving indirect analogical problems. in addition, to identify the analogical reasoning components in solving indirect analogical problems. Using a qualitative design approach, the study was conducted at two schools in Mataram city of Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia. The results of the study provide an overview of analogical reasoning of the students in solving indirect analogical problems and there is a component the representation and mathematical model in solving indirect analogical problems. So the analogical reasoning component in solving indirect analogical problems is the representation and mathematical modeling, structuring, mapping, applying, and verifying. This means that there are additional components of analogical reasoning developed by Ruppert. Analogical reasoning components in problem-solving depend on the analogical problem is given.
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Srinivasan, V., Amaresh Chakrabarti et Udo Lindemann. « An empirical understanding of use of internal analogies in conceptual design ». Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 29, no 2 (27 avril 2015) : 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060415000037.
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AbstractInternal analogies are created if the knowledge of source domain is obtained only from the cognition of designers. In this paper, an understanding of the use of internal analogies in conceptual design is developed by studying: the types of internal analogies; the roles of internal analogies; the influence of design problems on the creation of internal analogies; the role of experience of designers on the use of internal analogies; the levels of abstraction at which internal analogies are searched in target domain, identified in source domain, and realized in the target domain; and the effect of internal analogies from the natural and artificial domains on the solution space created using these analogies. To facilitate this understanding, empirical studies of design sessions from earlier research, each involving a designer solving a design problem by identifying requirements and developing conceptual solutions, without using any support, are used. The following are the important findings: designers use analogies from the natural and artificial domains; analogies are used for generating requirements and solutions; the nature of the design problem influences the use of analogies; the role of experience of designers on the use of analogies is not clearly ascertained; analogical transfer is observed only at few levels of abstraction while many levels remain unexplored; and analogies from the natural domain seem to have more positive influence than the artificial domain on the number of ideas and variety of idea space.
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Naletelich, Kelly, et Nancy Spears. « Analogical reasoning and regulatory focus : using the creative process to enhance consumer-brand outcomes within a co-creation context ». European Journal of Marketing 54, no 6 (22 mai 2020) : 1355–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-05-2018-0354.
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Purpose New product development (NPD) is increasingly being delegated to consumers, yet little research has investigated consumer-centric factors that may influence this delegation. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to uniquely combine regulatory focus and analogical reasoning to investigate new product ideation and downstream consumer-brand responses. Design/methodology/approach A series of experiments were undertaken. Findings Study 1 revealed that promotion-focused consumers (as opposed to prevention-focused consumers) have significantly greater purchase intentions if given an analogical reasoning task before engaging in new product ideation due to their cognitive flexibility. Study 2 tested the effects of near vs far analogies and found that promotion-focused consumers use analogical thinking to a greater extent and have significantly higher purchase intentions if primed with far analogies because regulatory fit is enhanced. However, analogical thinking and purchase intentions significantly drop if primed with near analogies. In contrast, prevention-focused consumers use analogical thinking to a greater extent and have significantly higher purchase intentions if shown near analogies, compared to far analogies, because of improved regulatory fit. Both studies confirm a serial mediation chain involving task engagement, self-brand connection, and brand sincerity. Research limitations/implications This research extends current understanding regarding the role of creative tasks within consumer NPD. It also uniquely links regulatory focus and consumer task engagement in NPD to increase favorable brand responses. Practical implications Findings offer managerial insights that can positively increase consumer-brand outcomes during NPD. Originality/value This is one of the first studies to demonstrate the importance of analogical thinking and consumer-centric factors (i.e., regulatory focus) during the NPD process. This avenue of research is important, as most studies have neglected ways in which to increase consumer NPD task engagement, leaving resources unutilized.
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Töre Yargin, Gülşen, et Nathan Crilly. « Information and interaction requirements for software tools supporting analogical design ». Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 29, no 2 (27 avril 2015) : 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060415000074.
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AbstractOne mode of creative design is for designers to draw analogies that connect the design domain (e.g., a mechanical device) to some other domain from which inspiration is drawn (e.g., a biological system). The identification and application of analogies can be supported by software tools that store, structure, present, or propose source domain stimuli from which such analogies might be constructed. For these tools to be effective and not impact the design process in negative ways, they must fit well with the information and interaction needs of their users. However, the user requirements for these tools are seldom explicitly discussed. Furthermore, the literature that supports the identification of such requirements is distributed across a number of different domains, including those that address analogical design (especially biomimetics), creativity support tools, and human–computer interaction. The requirements that these literatures propose can be divided into those that relate to the information content that the tools provide (e.g., level of abstraction or mode of representation) and those that relate to the interaction qualities that the tools support (e.g., accessibility or shareability). Examining the relationships between these requirements suggests that tool developers should focus on satisfying the key requirements of open-endedness and accessibility while managing the conflicts between the other requirements. Attention to these requirements and the relationships between them promises to yield analogical design support tools that better permit designers to identify and apply source information in their creative work.
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Mills, Robert J. « Using Analogical Problem Construction As An Advance Organizer To Teach Advanced Database (SQL) Nomenclature ». Review of Business Information Systems (RBIS) 21, no 1 (31 mai 2017) : 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/rbis.v21i1.9964.
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Although business faculty have an important teaching responsibility to prepare students for professional positions in industry, very few have any formal training in instructional design. Analogical problem construction and advance organizers are powerful design techniques used to link prior knowledge to new material. Unfortunately, the use of analogies as a formal teaching strategy is disappointingly low. This study examines the use of analogical problem constructions as an advance organizer strategy to teach advanced database (SQL) concepts.
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Chou, Amanda, et L. H. Shu. « Using analogies to explain versus inspire concepts ». Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 29, no 2 (27 avril 2015) : 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060415000025.
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AbstractWe aim to examine the potential of using analogies in design education and to compare the roles of analogies in explaining versus inspiring in engineering design. We review existing research in analogical thinking, with a focus on scientific discourse and education. Then we explore the role of analogies in design education in making concepts more relatable by asking six participants in a graduate-level design course to generate analogies for course topics. We describe criteria developed to evaluate the analogies and present these evaluations. We then asked participants to perform divergent thinking tests, but we found no significant correlation between these and analogy scores. The participants were also asked to reflect on what constitutes an effective analog, describe their process of identifying analogies, and provide their definitions of analogies. We describe possible links between these comments and the ratings of their analogies. We then draw on results in using analogies in pedagogy to inform and reflect on obstacles we encountered in the use of analogies to inspire. Specifically, we related them to our experience with biomimetic or biologically inspired design, where we used a natural-language search approach to identify relevant analogies. Three aspects discussed are familiarity of source analogies, boundaries of parallels between source analogies and target concepts, and concreteness of source analogies. Finally, we discuss possible pedagogical benefits of eliciting analogies on course topics from students, namely, using the elicited analogies as tools for improved student engagement as well as more prompt instructor feedback.
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Nagel, Jacquelyn, Linda Schmidt et Werner Born. « Establishing Analogy Categories for Bio-Inspired Design ». Designs 2, no 4 (20 novembre 2018) : 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs2040047.
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Biological systems have evolved over billions of years and cope with changing conditions through the adaptation of morphology, physiology, or behavior. Learning from these adaptations can inspire engineering innovation. Several bio-inspired design tools and methods prescribe the use of analogies, but lack details for the identification and application of promising analogies. Further, inexperienced designers tend to have a more difficult time recognizing or creating analogies from biological systems. This paper reviews biomimicry literature to establish analogy categories as a tool for knowledge transfer between biology and engineering to aid bio-inspired design that addresses the common issues. Two studies were performed with the analogy categories. A study of commercialized products verifies the set of categories, while a controlled design study demonstrates the utility of the categories. The results of both studies offer valuable information and insights into the complexity of analogical reasoning and transfer, as well as what leads to biological inspiration versus imitation. The influence on bio-inspired design pedagogy is also discussed. The breadth of the analogy categories is sufficient to capture the knowledge transferred from biology to engineering for bio-inspired design. The analogy categories are a design method independent tool and are applicable for professional product design, research, and teaching purposes.
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Casakin, Hernan, Linden J. Ball, Bo T. Christensen et Petra Badke-Schaub. « How do analogizing and mental simulation influence team dynamics in innovative product design ? » Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 29, no 2 (27 avril 2015) : 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060415000050.
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AbstractThe aim of this study was to gain further insight into how analogical reasoning and mental simulation, two cognitive strategies, influence team dynamics in innovative product design. A particular emphasis was placed on exploring the association between these two strategies and team cohesion and team collaboration. Analogies were coded for “analogical distance” (i.e., within domain or between domain) and “analogical purpose” (i.e., problem identification, function finding, solution generation, and explanation). The results indicated that the presence of either analogizing or mental simulation was related to team cohesion and team collaboration, with mental simulation having an especially marked association with team collaboration. Within-domain analogizing was found to enhance team collaboration, but it did not influence team cohesion. Furthermore, all types of analogical purpose showed a similar association with team cohesion, whereas solution generation and function finding had a stronger association with team collaboration. We propose that analogizing and mental simulations are strategies that serve valuable functions in engendering enhanced cohesion and collaboration, which might be expected to lead to more effective design outcomes, although this remains an empirical question in need of further corroboration.
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Hummel, John E., et Keith J. Holyoak. « Relational Reasoning in a Neurally Plausible Cognitive Architecture ». Current Directions in Psychological Science 14, no 3 (juin 2005) : 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00350.x.
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Human mental representations are both flexible and structured—properties that, together, present challenging design requirements for a model of human thinking. The Learning and Inference with Schemas and Analogies (LISA) model of analogical reasoning aims to achieve these properties within a neural network. The model represents both relations and objects as patterns of activation distributed over semantic units, integrating these representations into propositional structures using synchrony of firing. The resulting propositional structures serve as a natural basis for memory retrieval, analogical mapping, analogical inference, and schema induction. The model also provides an a priori account of the limitations of human working memory and can simulate the effects of various kinds of brain damage on thinking.
Thèses sur le sujet "Design analogico"
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D'Addato, Matteo. « Progetto di un PLL analogico a bassissimo consumo per sistemi wake-up radio ». Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17477/.
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Nei nodi wireless per applicazioni IoT, i ricetrasmettitori (transceiver) a radio-frequenza (RF) sono responsabili della maggior parte del consumo di potenza. Inoltre, se da un lato il picco di potenza assorbita avviene in corrispondenza degli istanti di trasmissione, dall’altro il ricevitore, che deve essere mantenuto sempre attivo anche quando il resto del sistema è in stato di “idle”, consuma una buona frazione dell’energia totale. Al fine di ridurre questo consumo, una particolare tipologia di ricevitori detti di “wake-up” sono tra i principali oggetti di ricerca nell’ambito dell’IoT. Essi hanno prestazioni ridotte e consumo molto basso, poiché devono restare sempre attivi mentre il resto del nodo è in stato di “idle”. Tale Wake-Up Radio (WUR) ha il compito di “ascoltare” il canale e attivare il ricevitore principale ed il microcontrollore solo quando c’è qualche richiesta in arrivo. Una parte integrante del ricevitore Wake-Up è il circuito per la decodifica dei byte trasmessi, che di solito comprendono almeno un codice d’indirizzo, che deve essere estratto e confrontato con l’indirizzo memorizzato nel ricevitore. Soltanto se questo confronto ha esito positivo viene attivato il resto del sistema.
L’obiettivo di questo lavoro di tesi è il progetto di un sistema di clock recovery basato su PLL analogico a bassissimo consumo per sistemi Wake-Up Radio di tipo short-range caratterizzati da una bit rate di 1 kbps. Tale sistema deve fornire alla rete di controllo un clock allineato in fase e frequenza con i dati ricevuti. Rispetto ad altri sistemi in cui si deve semplicemente decodificare un indirizzo, la soluzione basata su PLL oggetto di questo studio (poiché implica consumi e tempi di aggancio non trascurabili) è particolarmente adatta per lunghe trasmissioni. Nel progetto di un PLL a basso consumo l’obiettivo consiste nell’ottimizzare il trade-off tra consumo (con correnti nell’ordine del nanowatt) e tempo di aggancio.
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VALLICELLI, ELIA ARTURO. « Design of Mixed-Signal Electronic Instrumentation for Proton Sound Detectors ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/301978.
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La tecnica acustica di verifica sperimentale del range di protoni (ionoacustica) si basa sul rilevamento del debole segnale termoacustico emesso dalla rapida deposizione di energia che avviene alla fine range del fascio, in corrispondenza del picco di Bragg. In questo contesto, questa tesi presenta le principali caratteristiche della strumentazione microelettronica utilizzata per i Proton Sound Detector introducendo specifiche tecniche di progettazione fortemente orientate sia alla massimizzazione del Rapporto Segnale Rumore SNR (a livello di sensore acustico) che minimizzazione della figura di rumore (a livello di amplificatore analogico).
La prima parte di questa tesi tratta delle sfide strumentali relative agli esperimenti ionoacustici fornendo dettagli tecnici specifici riguardanti sia la progettazione del sensore acustico (ovvero come costruire il sensore massimizzando l'SNR) sia il design dell'amplificatore a basso rumore (LNA).
Verranno presentati i risultati sperimentali di un primo esperimento effettuato presso il Laboratorio Maier-Leibniz di Garching, Monaco, con un fascio di protoni a 20 MeV (scenario preclinico) e verrà mostrato come una progettazione elettronica dedicata a segnali misti permetta di migliorare significativamente il rapporto segnale-rumore e l'accuratezza della localizzazione del picco di Bragg di 6 dB.
In questo contesto, questo primo sviluppo del rivelatore raggiunge due importanti obiettivi: il miglioramento dell'SNR a parità di dose e una forte semplificazione della strumentazione del rivelatore rispetto allo stato dell'arte, consentendo una maggiore precisione della misurazione dell'impulso acustico, e allo stesso tempo incrementando la portabilità e la compattezza del dispositivo.
Nelle applicazioni cliniche di adroterapia, l'energia del fascio (da 65 MeV fino a 200 MeV) e la dose vengono scelte in funzione dello specifico scenario clinico. Ciò comporta segnali acustici di ampiezza e larghezza di banda diverse, costringendo l’adozione di soluzioni tecnologiche avanzate in grado di gestire un ampio spettro di segnali in termini di larghezza di banda, ampiezza e rumore. Per questo motivo, la seconda parte di questa tesi propone un modello Matlab efficiente e innovativo del fenomeno fisico ionoacustico, che condensa in un unico sistema lineare tempo invariante tutti i processi di conversione dell'energia coinvolti. Il modello ionoacustico proposto sostituisce i complessi strumenti di simulazione classici (usati per caratterizzare il segnale acustico indotto dal fascio di protoni) e facilita lo sviluppo di rivelatori dedicati fornendo una descrizione precisa del segnale acustico nei diversi scenari.
Infine, verrà presentato il progetto di una seconda versione del Proton Sound Detector che introduce il concetto di media nel dominio dello spazio (invece della media nel dominio del tempo, basata sull’elaborazione di più shot del fascio che comporta una significativa extra-dose). Questo rilevatore utilizza un sensore multicanale per eseguire una media spaziale dei segnali acquisiti e aumentare l'SNR di 18 dB a parità di dose rispetto al classico approccio monocanale. Questo approccio tuttavia richiede lo sviluppo di elettronica altamente miniaturizzata che non può essere implementata con componenti standard su circuiti stampati. Viene quindi presentato il progetto e la caratterizzazione di un front-end analogico multicanale implementato su un Application-Specified-Integrated-Circuit (ASIC) in tecnologia CMOS 28 nm che permette di elaborare in parallelo tutti i 64 canali del sensore acustico. Questo High-Resolution Proton Sound Detector (HR-ProSD) è completato da un circuito digitale dedicato implementato su FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) che consente di mappare in tempo reale e 2D la deposizione di dose nello spazio.Acoustic proton range experimental verification technique (iono-acoustics) is based on sensing the weak thermoacoustic signal emitted by the fast energy deposition (and/or the heating process) at the end of the beam range (Bragg Peak). In this context, this thesis presents the main characteristics of the micro-electronics instrumentation used for proton sound detectors introducing specific design techniques strongly oriented to both maximization of the acoustic Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (at the Acoustic Sensor level) and Noise-Figure minimization (at analog amplifier level). The first part of this thesis addresses all the instrumentation challenges related to iono-acoustic experiments providing specific technical details regarding both acoustic sensor design (i.e. how to build the sensor while maximizing the SNR) and the LNA design. The experimental results of a first experiment carried out at Maier-Leibniz Laboratory in Garching, Munich, with a proton beam at 20 MeV (sub-clinical energy) will be presented and it will be shown how a dedicated mixed-signal electronics design allows to significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio and the accuracy of the BP localization by 6 dB. In this context, this first detector development achieves two important objectives: the improvement of the acoustic SNR and a strong simplification of the detector instrumentation w.r.t. state-of-the-art, enabling increasing accuracy of the acoustic pulse measurement, and at the same time the portability and compactness of the device. In clinical hadron-therapy applications, variable beam energy (from 65 MeV up to 200 MeV) and variable doses are used as a function of the selected medical treatment. This induces different acoustic pulses amplitude and bandwidth, forcing advanced technological solutions capable of handling a wide spectrum of signals in terms of bandwidth, amplitude, and noise. For this reason, the second part of this thesis proposes an efficient and innovative Matlab Model of the ionoacoustic physical phenomenon, based on englobing in a single mathematical Linear-Time-Invariant-System all energy conversion processes involved in iono-acoustics. The proposed ionoacoustics model replaces classical and complex simulation tools (used to characterize the proton induced acoustic signal) and facilitates the development of dedicated detectors. Finally, the design of a second version of the Proton Sound Detector will be presented that introduces the concept of space-domain averaging (instead of time-domain averaging based on multiple beam shot processing for noise attenuation and thus extra-doses). This detector uses a multi-channel sensor to perform a spatial average of the acquired signals and increase the SNR by 18 dB at the same dose compared to the classic single channel approach. This approach however requires the development of highly miniaturized electronics that cannot be implemented with off-the-shelf components on Printed Circuit Boards. The design and characterization of a multichannel analog front-end implemented on a CMOS 28 nm Application-Specified-Integrated-Circuit (ASIC) which allows to process the 64 channels of the acoustic sensor in parallel is then presented. This High-Resolution Proton Sound Detector (HR-ProSD) is completed by digital circuits implemented on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) that allow to locate in real time the deposition of energy in space.
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Souza, Junior Adao Antonio de. « Digital approach for the design of statistical analog data acquisition on SoCs ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/11491.
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With the current demand for mixed-signal SoCs, an increasing number of designers are looking for ADC architectures that can be easily implemented over digital substrates. Since ADC performance is strongly dependent upon physical and electrical features, it gets more difficult for them to benefit from more recent technologies, where these features are more variable. This way, analog signal acquisition is not allowed to follow an evolutionary trend compatible with Moore’s Law. In fact, such trend shall get worst, since newer technologies are expected to have more variable characteristics. Also, for a matter of economy of scale, many times a mixed-signal SoC presents a good amount of idle processing power. In such systems it is advantageous to employ more costly digital signal processing provided that it allows a reduction in the analog area demanded or the use of less expensive analog blocks, able to cope with process variations and uncertainty. Besides the technological concerns, other factors that impact the cost of the design also advise to transfer problems from the analog to the digital domain whenever possible: design automation and self-test requirements, for instance. Recent surveys indicate that the total cost in designer hours for the analog blocks of a mixed-signal system can be up to three times the cost of the digital ones. This manuscript explores the concept of bottom-up analog acquisition design, using statistical sampling as a way to reduce the analog area demanded in the design of ADCs within mixed-signal systems. More particularly, it investigates the possibility of using digital modeling and digital compensation of non-idealities to ease the design of ADCs. The work is developed around three axes: the definition of target applications, the development of digital compensation algorithms and the exploration of architectural possibilities. New methods and architectures are defined and validated. The main notions behind the proposal are analyzed and it is shown that the approach is feasible, opening new paths of future research. Keywords:
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Balazs, Marton E. « Design Simplification by Analogical Reasoning ». Digital WPI, 2000. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/60.
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Ever since artifacts have been produced, improving them has been a common human activity. Improving an artifact refers to modifying it such that it will be either easier to produce, or easier to use, or easier to fix, or easier to maintain, and so on. In all of these cases, "easier" means fewer resources are required for those processes. While 'resources' is a general measure, which can ultimately be expressed by some measure of cost (such as time or money), we believe that at the core of many improvements is the notion of reduction of complexity, or in other words, simplification. This talk presents our research on performing design simplification using analogical reasoning. We first define the simplification problem as the problem of reducing the complexity of an artefact from a given point of view. We propose that a point of view from which the complexity of an artefact can be measured consists of a context, an aspect and a measure. Next, we describe an approach to solving simplification problems by goal-directed analogical reasoning, as our implementation of this approach. Finally, we present some experimental results obtained with the system. The research presented in this dissertation is significant as it focuses on the intersection of a number of important, active research areas - analogical reasoning, functional representation, functional reasoning, simplification, and the general area of AI in Design.
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Balazs, Marton E. « Design simplification by analogical reasoning ». Link to electronic version, 1999. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0209100-051108/.
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Helms, Michael. « Analogical problem evolution in biologically inspired design ». Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50387.
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Biologically inspired design (BID) is a widespread and growing movement in modern design, pulled in part by the need for environmentally sustainable design and pushed partly by rapid advances in biology and the desire for creativity and innovation in design. Yet, our current understanding of cognition in BID is limited and at present there are few computational methods or tools available for supporting its practice. In this dissertation, I develop a cognitive model of BID, build computational methods and tools for supporting its practice, and describe results from deploying the methods and the tools in a Georgia Tech BID class.
One key and novel finding in my cognitive study of BID is the surprisingly large degree to which biological analogues influence problem formulation and understanding in addition to generation of design solutions. I call the process by which a biological analogue influences the evolution of the problem formulation analogical problem evolution. I use the method of grounded theory to develop a knowledge schema called SR.BID (for structured representations for biologically inspired design) for representing design problem formulations. I show through case study analysis that SR.BID provides a useful analytic framework for understanding the two-way interaction between problems and solutions.
I then develop two tools based on the SR.BID schema to scaffold the processes of problem formulation and analogue evaluation in BID. I deployed the two tools, the four-box method of problem specification and the T-chart method of analogical evaluation, in a Georgia Tech BID class. I show that with minimal training, the four-box method was used by students to complete design problem specifications in 2011 and 2012 with 75% of students achieving better than 80% accuracy. Finally I describe a web-based application for interactively supporting BID practice including problem formulation and analogue evaluation.
Thus, my dissertation develops a cognitive model of analogical problem evolution in BID, a knowledge schema for representing problem formulations, a computational technique for evaluating biological analogues, and an interactive web-based tool for supporting BID practice. Through a better cognitive understanding of BID and computational methods and tools for supporting its practice, it also contributes to computational creativity.
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Craig, David Latch. « Perceptual simulation and analogical reasoning in design ». Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23940.
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Choi, Doo Won. « Analogy and architectural design : an operational process to transfer design solutions from architectural precedents to new building design ». Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247597.
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Pickersgill, Robert Sean, et sean pickersgill@unisa edu au. « Architecture and Horror : Analogical Explorations in Architectural Design ». RMIT University. Architecture and Design, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20090525.162052.
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This thesis examines the relationship between the practice of architectural design and the media through which it is represented. It makes a consistent critical appraisal of the philosophical presumptions under which architectural theory is made, in particular, the relationship between theories of expression and representation. The thesis presents seven distinct projects by the author which developmentally explore the degree to which architecture is able to represent the sublime - in particular through the concept of horror. In this instance horror emerges as a category of excess that supervenes the uses of the term in the genres of film and literary studies. Within the thesis horror describes an (impossible) objective for representation The thesis argues that the environment within which these philosophical questions of 'effect' may most resonantly be explored is, ultimately, digital media. The author draws on contemporary commentary by Jacques Derrida and Georges Bataille, in particular Derrida's discussion of the Parergon and contemporary discussion of l'informe, the informal to support these arguments. It is within the apparently 'real' environments of virtual reality that the presentation of the mise-en-scene of horror may be explored. Immersive digital environments, it is argued, provide an appropriate level of freedom and direction for the exploration of the spatial experience of the abyss. The thesis concludes by presenting observations on the antinomy of aspirations that any materialist theory of architectural practice must attend to when working within digital media.
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Hassard, S. « The persistence of analogies in design decision-making ». Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1318083/.
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Previous theories of design decision-making have discussed how designers use analogical reasoning to quickly scope the solution space down to one viable solution. This initial analogy forms the template of a possible action plan that is then modified to suit the unique properties of that particular problem. This use of analogical reasoning allows designers to quickly engage with the problem and generate a workable solution. Our findings indicate that this initial analogy actually persists across all stages of decision-making, and does not play a role solely during the first stage of scoping. This analogical persistence leads to poorer design decisions. This thesis presents a series of studies that adopt a mixed method approach to investigating the influence of analogies on the decision-making of Interaction Designers. We employed qualitative methods such as the Critical Decision Method for Eliciting Knowledge (Klein, 1989), which aided in identifying analogical persistence as a problem that leads to poorer quality decisions. We also employed quantitative methods such as the Design Fixation paradigm (Jansson & Smith, 1991) to investigate how different types of analogies (self-generated & provided Priming Analogies) can influence the expression of analogical persistence. Finally in an attempt to mitigate the potential pitfalls of analogical persistence, this thesis attempts to control it using principles from Design Rationale (Lee & Lai, 1991) and Reflection (Schon, 1983). Rather than seeing a decrease in analogical persistence, our manipulation actually increased fixation. A follow-up study identified that designers tend to poorly appraise the weaknesses in the initial analogy, which may have led to the aforementioned unexpected result. These findings challenge the notion that greater understanding of the design space will lead to higher quality design decisions.
Livres sur le sujet "Design analogico"
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Microsystem design. Boston : Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.
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Caterina, Chiarelli, dir. Moda fra analogie e dissonanze. Livorno : Sillabe, 2010.
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Digital system design. Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice/Hall, 1987.
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Sobkin, B. L. Avtomatizat͡s︡ii͡a︡ proektirovanii͡a︡ analogo-t͡s︡ifrovykh priborov na mikroprot͡s︡essorakh. Moskva : "Mashinostroenie", 1986.
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Carnemolla, Adriana. Il giardino analogo : Considerazioni sull'architettura dei giardini. Roma : Officina, 1989.
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Steven, Dimond, dir. Handbook of electromechanical product design. Harlow, Essex, England : Longman Scientific & Technical, 1994.
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Bejar, Isaac I. Cognitive and psychometric analysis of analogical problem solving. New York : Springer-Verlag, 1991.
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1965-, McKenna Colleen, dir. Blueprint for computer-assisted assessment. London : RoutledgeFalmer, 2003.
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Bull, Joanna. Blueprint for computer-assisted assessment. London : RoutledgeFalmer, 2004.
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Bull, Joanna. A Blueprint for Computer-assisted Assessment. London : Taylor & Francis Inc, 2004.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Design analogico"
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Wieringa, Roel J. « Analogic Inference Design ». Dans Design Science Methodology for Information Systems and Software Engineering, 201–11. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43839-8_15.
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Schomburg, Werner Karl. « Analogies of Physical Domains ». Dans Introduction to Microsystem Design, 303–11. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47023-7_20.
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Schomburg, Werner Karl. « Analogies of Physical Domains ». Dans Introduction to Microsystem Design, 253–60. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19489-4_19.
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Hashemi Farzaneh, Helena, et Udo Lindemann. « Transfer of Analogies ». Dans A Practical Guide to Bio-inspired Design, 141–66. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-57684-7_6.
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Adelson, Beth. « Characterizing Human Analogical Reasoning ». Dans Mechanical Design : Theory and Methodology, 254–74. New York, NY : Springer New York, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2561-2_12.
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Balazs, Marton E., et David C. Brown. « Design Simplification by Analogical Reasoning ». Dans From Knowledge Intensive CAD to Knowledge Intensive Engineering, 29–44. Boston, MA : Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35494-1_3.
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Leclercq, Pierre, et Ann Heylighen. « 5. 8 Analogies per Hour ». Dans Artificial Intelligence in Design ’02, 285–303. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0795-4_14.
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Chakrabarti, Amaresh. « Supporting Analogical Transfer in Biologically Inspired Design ». Dans Biologically Inspired Design, 201–20. London : Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5248-4_8.
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Massimo, Leserri, Morena Sara et Antinozzi Sara. « Lapis Resiliency, through Analogic and Digital Drawing ». Dans Springer Series in Design and Innovation, 126–36. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04640-7_14.
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Smith, Steven M., Julie S. Linsey et Andruid Kerne. « Using Evolved Analogies to Overcome Creative Design Fixation ». Dans Design Creativity 2010, 35–39. London : Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-224-7_6.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Design analogico"
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Sanaei, Roozbeh, Wei Lu, Luciënne T. M. Blessing, Kevin N. Otto et Kristin L. Wood. « Analogy Retrieval Through Textual Inference ». Dans ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67943.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Analogy-making has been deemed one of the core cognitive mechanisms which play a role in human creative thinking activities such as design and art. Designers can make use of analogies in various stages of design including ideation, planning and evaluation. However, human analogy-making is limited by experience and reliance of human memory on superficial attributes rather than relational or causal structure during analogy retrieval. In this regard, different design-by-analogy tools have been developed to assist designers in analogical reasoning. Analogical reasoning tools can be viewed as either based on hand-coded structured knowledge or natural-language-based design-by-analogy tools. The former are naturally limited in extent and scope to that which was hand coded [1]. Alternatively, natural language analogical reasoning can leverage the abundantly available textual resources. Current text-based analogy research for design have relied on analogies between individual word meanings. This leaves open consideration of the relational structure of the language where the relational similarity of texts can indicate a significant analogy. In this article, we develop four computational models of analogy that capture relational structure of the text. This includes spatial representation of semantics, multi-level deep neural reasoning, graph matching based model and transformation-based model. The models are then combined together into an ensemble model to achieve acceptable level of analogical accuracy for the end-user. The underlying design-related knowledge upon which analogies were drawn includes engineering ontologies, function hierarchy and raw patent texts. Instantiating this analogical reasoning model in design concept analogy retrieval system, we show this approach can help retrieve meaningful analogies from the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) patent repository. We demonstrate this for a particular design problem.
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Song, Hyeonik, et Katherine Fu. « Approaches for Supporting Exploration for Analogical Inspiration With Behavior, Material and Component Based Structural Representations of Patent Databases ». Dans ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85591.
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This paper presents an explorative-based computational methodology to aid the analogical retrieval process in design-by-analogy practice. The computational methodology, driven by Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF), iteratively builds a hierarchical repositories of design solutions within which clusters of design analogies can be explored by designers. In the work, the methodology has been applied on a large repository of mechanical design related patents, processed to contain only component-, behavior-, or material-based content, to demonstrate that unique and valuable attribute-based analogical inspiration can be discovered from different representations of patent data. For explorative purposes, the hierarchical repositories have been visualized with a three-dimensional hierarchical structure and two-dimensional bar graph structure, which can be used interchangeably for retrieving analogies. This paper demonstrates that the explorative-based computational methodology provides designers an enhanced control over design repositories, empowering them to retrieve analogical inspiration for design-by-analogy practice.
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Fu, Katherine, Joel Chan, Jonathan Cagan, Kenneth Kotovsky, Christian Schunn et Kristin Wood. « The Meaning of “Near” and “Far” : The Impact of Structuring Design Databases and the Effect of Distance of Analogy on Design Output ». Dans ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70420.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This work lends insight into the meaning and impact of “near” and “far” analogies. A cognitive engineering design study is presented that examines the effect of the distance of analogical design stimuli on design solution generation, and places those findings in context of results from the literature. The work ultimately sheds new light on the impact of analogies in the design process and the significance of their distance from a design problem. In this work, the design repository from which analogical stimuli are chosen is the U.S. patent database, a natural choice, as it is one of the largest and easily accessed catalogued databases of inventions. The “near” and “far” analogical stimuli for this study were chosen based on a structure of patents, created using a combination of Latent Semantic Analysis and a Bayesian based algorithm for discovering structural form, resulting in clusters of patents connected by their relative similarity. The findings of this engineering design study are contextualized with the findings of recent work in design by analogy, by mapping the analogical stimuli used in the earlier work into similar structures along with the patents used in the current study. Doing so allows the discovery of a relationship between all of the stimuli and their relative distance from the design problem. The results confirm that “near” and “far” are relative terms, and depend on the characteristics of the potential stimuli. Further, although the literature has shown that “far” analogical stimuli are more likely to lead to the generation innovative solutions with novel characteristics, there is such a thing as too far. That is, if the stimuli are too distant, they then can become harmful to the design process. Importantly, as well, the data mapping approach to identify analogies works, and is able to impact the effectiveness of the design process. This work has implications not only in the area of finding inspirational designs to use for design by analogy processes in practice, but also for synthesis, or perhaps even unification, of future studies in the field of design by analogy.
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Cheong, Hyunmin, et L. H. Shu. « Effective Analogical Transfer Using Biological Descriptions Retrieved With Functional and Biologically Meaningful Keywords ». Dans ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86680.
Texte intégralRésumé :
While biology is well recognized as a good source of analogies for engineering design, the steps of 1) retrieving relevant analogies and 2) applying these analogies are not trivial. Our recent work translated the functional terms of the Functional Basis into biologically meaningful keywords that can help engineers search for and retrieve relevant biological phenomena for design, addressing step 1 above. This paper reports progress towards step 2: identifying and overcoming obstacles to effective analogical transfer and application of biological descriptions retrieved with functional and biologically meaningful keywords. This work revealed that the presence of, and ease of recognizing, causal relations (relationships between two actions where one causes another) in biological descriptions plays a key role in the quality of analogical transfers. We observed that novice designers found it difficult to correctly transfer analogies when they could not easily recognize the causal relations present in biological descriptions. Two major factors that rendered this recognition difficult were: 1) a large number of action words appearing in the descriptions, and 2) key action words being used in the passive voice. To overcome these factors, we propose a template that guides designers to 1) recognize the relevant causal relations in biological descriptions and 2) focus on the functional elements of the causal relations.
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Nagel, Jacquelyn K. S., Linda Schmidt et Werner Born. « Fostering Diverse Analogical Transfer in Bio-Inspired Design ». Dans ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47922.
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Nature is a powerful resource for engineering designers. The natural world provides numerous cases for analogy and inspiration in engineering design. Transferring the valuable knowledge and inspiration gained from the biology domain to the engineering domain during concept generation is a somewhat disorganized process and relies heavily on the designers’ insight and background knowledge of many fields to make the necessary leaps between the domains. Furthermore, the novice designer approaching biology for inspiration tends to focus heavily on copying the visual attributes of a biological system to develop a solution that looks like the biological system rather than explore at deeper levels to uncover relationships that lead to the development of true analogies. There are now well-known methods for teaching bioinspired design in engineering and the majority of methods prescribe the use of analogies in order to facilitate knowledge transfer, however, guidance in analogy formulation to foster the creative leaps is missing or ill defined. Thus little is known about how students use biological systems for design inspiration. This paper proposes categories for analogical knowledge transfer in bio-inspired design to foster and characterize diverse analogical knowledge transfer. The proposed analogy categories are used to describe the behavior seen in an engineering class. Results indicate that (1) single biological system provides multiple analogies that result in different engineering inspiration for design; (2) biological information from multiple categories is transferred during concept generation; and (3) non-physical characteristics may inspire more sophisticated engineering inspiration than those based on physical characteristics alone. Overall, the analogy data classification has resulted in a better understanding of analogical knowledge transfer during bio-inspired design and leads to best practices for teaching bio-inspired design to engineering students.
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Koronis, Georgios, Hernan Casakin, Arlindo Silva et Jing Wen William Siew. « The Use of Analogies and the Design Brief Information : Impact on Creative Outcomes ». Dans ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-69938.
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Abstract This study is aimed at ways to assess and improve design students’ creative outcomes and assist educators in crafting design briefs for design studios. The procedure entails a controlled yet analytical experiment in a university setting intended to test the potential of using analogical thinking to enhance the Novelty and Usefulness of design solutions. The control group received a brief that contained stimuli in the form of typical examples without instructions to use analogies. A second group was provided with a brief including stimuli elicited by text representations in the form of word pairs, and instructions to use textual analogies. The last group received the same stimuli as the other groups above; however, with instructions to identify negative features before using textual analogies. One hundred and seven first-year undergraduate students took part in the study. The results demonstrated that design briefs with specific instructions to use textual-based analogies contributed to highly novel outcomes. However, when analogies were elicited by statements concerning negative issues of the design task, students were able to produce more useful outcomes. We suggest that textual-based analogies can be employed as a good in-class pedagogical tool for improving novice designers’ creative outcomes overall.
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Zhang, Zijian, et Yan Jin. « Toward Computer Aided Visual Analogy Support (CAVAS) : Augment Designers Through Deep Learning ». Dans ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-70961.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract The goal of this research is to develop a computer-aided visual analogy support (CAVAS) framework that can augment designers’ visual analogical thinking by providing relevant visual cues or sketches from a variety of categories and stimulating the designer to make more and better visual analogies at the ideation stage of design. The challenges of this research include what roles a computer tool should play in facilitating visual analogy of designers, what the relevant and meaningful visual analogies are at the sketching stage of design, and how the computer can capture such meaningful visual knowledge from various categories through analyzing the sketches drawn by the designers. A visual analogy support framework and a deep clustering model, called Cavas-DL, are proposed to learn a latent space of sketches that can reveal the shape patterns for multiple categories of sketches and at the same time cluster the sketches to preserve and provide category information as part of visual cues. The latent space learned serves as a visual information representation that captures the learned shape features from multiple sketch categories. The distance- and overlap-based similarities are introduced and analyzed to identify long- and short-distance analogies. Extensive evaluations of the performance of our proposed methods are carried out with different configurations, and the visual presentations of the potential analogical cues are explored. The evaluation results and the visual organizations of information have demonstrated the potential of the usefulness of the Cavas-DL model.
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Marshall, K. Scott, Richard Crawford et Daniel Jensen. « Analogy Seeded Mind-Maps : A Comparison of Verbal and Pictorial Representation of Analogies in the Concept Generation Process ». Dans ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60100.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Recent research has investigated methods based on design-by-analogy meant to enhance concept generation. While these analogies can be developed in different ways and can come from many different areas, one of the most common methods is to use key customer needs or key functions as the starting point. One approach uses these key terms to seed a search for grammatically similar words. While these methods are promising, they can be cumbersome and difficult to apply in engineering classrooms or industrial product development settings. This paper presents further evaluation of the Analogy Seeded Mind-Maps method, a new method to prompt generation of analogous solution principles drawn from multiple analogical domains. We randomly select a set of 10–15 words from a graph of grammatically analogical synonyms of a functional design requirement “seed” and populate the first-level nodes of a mind-map with the selected textual analogies. This mind-map then serves as a visual tool that is utilized during the concept generation process. The effectiveness of the tool in generating concepts has been evaluated in previous studies. In the current study, we evaluate the effect of substituting pictures for the verbal analogies in the Analogy Seeded Mind-Maps method. The study involved student volunteers who were recruited from a senior-level design methodology course. The students were asked to complete a simple concept generation task (in teams) using either a purely verbal version of the Analogy Seeded Mind-Maps method or the alternative version that relied on pictorial analogies. The results were evaluated for quantity, quality and novelty of the concepts generated using the two methods. Analysis of the results shows that there is a statistically significant difference in the novelty of ideas generated by the two methods, with the pictorial version producing a larger number of novel ideas than the purely verbal version. While the differences in quantity and quality are not statistically significant at the P-Value < 0.05 level, there are differences that approach this level of statistical significance. Further studies are needed to determine if there is any benefit to a method that combines both verbal and pictorial analogies.
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Tseng, Ian, Jarrod Moss, Jonathan Cagan et Kenneth Kotovsky. « Overcoming Blocks in Conceptual Design : The Effects of Open Goals and Analogical Similarity on Idea Generation ». Dans ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49276.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Designers have been known to seek analogical inspiration during design ideation. This paper presents an experiment that studies the types of analogies that most impact design creativity, as well as the time during problem solving when it is most effective to seek such analogical stimulation. This experiment showed that new information that was highly similar to the problem affected problem solving even if the information was given before problem solving began. On the other hand, new information that was distantly related to the problem only affected problem solving when it was presented during a break after problem solving had already begun. These results support the idea that open goals increase the likelihood that distantly related information become incorporated into problem solving. Functional principles found in the problem-relevant information given were also found to prime solutions in corresponding categories.
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Murphy, Jeremy, Katherine Fu, Kevin Otto, Maria Yang, Dan Jensen et Kristin Wood. « Facilitating Design-by-Analogy : Development of a Complete Functional Vocabulary and Functional Vector Approach to Analogical Search ». Dans ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34491.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Design-by-analogy is an effective approach to innovative concept generation, but can be elusive at times due to the fact that few methods and tools exist to assist designers in systematically seeking and identifying analogies from general data sources, databases, or repositories, such as patent databases. A new method for extracting analogies from data sources has been developed to provide this capability. Building on past research, we utilize a functional vector space model to quantify analogous similarity between a design problem and the data source of potential analogies. We quantitatively evaluate the functional similarity between represented design problems and, in this case, patent descriptions of products. We develop a complete functional vocabulary to map the patent database to applicable functionally critical terms, using document parsing algorithms to reduce text descriptions of the data sources down to the key functions, and applying Zipf’s law on word count order reduction to reduce the words within the documents. The reduction of a document (in this case a patent) into functional analogous words enables the matching to novel ideas that are functionally similar, which can be customized in various ways. This approach thereby provides relevant sources of design-by-analogy inspiration. Although our implementation of the technique focuses on functional descriptions of patents and the mapping of these functions to those of the design problem, resulting in a set of analogies, we believe that this technique is applicable to other analogy data sources as well. As a verification of the approach, an original design problem for an automated window washer illustrates the distance range of analogical solutions that can be extracted, extending from very near-field, literal solutions to far-field cross-domain analogies. Finally, a comparison with a current patent search tool is performed to draw a contrast to the status quo and evaluate the effectiveness of this work.