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GULYOVATA, Liliya. « Structural Changes in Lviv University in the Context of Activizing its International Activities in the 1990s ». Наукові зошити історичного факультету Львівського університету / Proceedings of History Faculty of Lviv University, no 22 (14 juillet 2022) : 153–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/fhi.2021.22.3706.
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In the article, based on official documents, first of all the decisions of the Academic Council meetings of Ivan Franko State University of Lviv, characterized the structural changes at University during the 1990s, which were closely related to its international activities. Emphasis was placed on such departments as the Department of International Relations, the Faculty of Preparation for Foreign Citizens, the Department of Applied Ukrainian Linguistics (intended to provide courses in “Ukrainian as a Foreign Language” and “Ukrainian for Foreign Citizens”) and the Department of Oriental Studies (renaissance at the University of oriental studies was one of the foundations of establishing international cooperation with the countries of the East) of Philological Faculty, Faculty of Pre-University Training, Faculty of Foreign Languages (with emphasis on development new concepts of teaching and learning of foreign languages), in particular, the Department of Translation Studies and Contrasting Linguistics, the Department of Foreign Languages for the Faculties of Humanities and the Department of Foreign Languages for the Faculties of Natural Sciences, the Faculty of International Relations. As a result of the decisions of the Academic Council, at the end of the 20th century. Institute of Poland (existed in 1998–1999), Institute of European Integration (2000), Center for Italian Language and Culture (1997), Ukrainian-Austrian Center for Cooperation in Science, Education and Culture (1998), French Cultural Center and Center for Northern European Countries (1999) were opened at Lviv University. Thus, the 1990s were a period of significant structural transformation of Lviv University, driven by both educational and scientific needs and other factors, including the intensification of international activity. The most notable steps in this area have been to improve the work of the Department of International Relations; reorganizations related to the Faculty of Preparation for Foreign Citizens and the Faculty of Pre-University Training; establishment of the Faculty of International Relations; improvement of the structure of the Philological Faculty and the Faculty of Foreign Languages; establishment of specialized institutes and centers.
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Vidnyanskyj, Stepan. « Studies on World History, International Relations and Foreign Policy of Ukraine at the Institute of History of Ukraine of the NAS of Ukraine : Traditions and Contemporary Development ». Mìžnarodnì zv’âzki Ukraïni : naukovì pošuki ì znahìdki, no 30 (1 novembre 2021) : 451–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mzu2021.30.451.
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The article summarises the results of almost 75-year old research activities on world history, international relations and foreign policy of Ukraine by one of the leading departments of the Institute of History of Ukraine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The history of structural reorganizations of the institute and department, its staff composition, research problems and innovative manner of many scholarly works of the department in the Soviet period on the history of foreign countries and international relations of Ukraine, despite the political and ideological engagement of historical science in the USSR, are investigated. The author focuses on changes in methodological and historiographical paradigm, in the department's research issues following the crash of Communist regimes in Europe, the collapse of the Soviet Union and the break-up of the socialist camp, the end of the Cold War, Ukraine’s declaration of independence. The paper emphasises that for thirty years of Ukrainian independence the researchers of the Department of the History of International Relations and Foreign Policy of Ukraine have prepared over 100 original scholarly publications (individual and collective monographs, thematic collections of scientific papers, historical chronicles, collections of documents and materials, etc.). These scholarly works are a significant achievement of the department and a substantial contribution to the development of national historiography at the present time. The department’s participation is also crucial in training of highly qualified professionals in world history, as evidenced by the preparation and successful defence of about 50 pre-doctoral dissertations and doctoral theses, as well as in developing international scholarly relations among historians and coordination of scientific activities in Ukraine focusing on world history and international relations
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Evteev, S. V. « School of German Language ». MGIMO Review of International Relations, no 5(38) (28 octobre 2014) : 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-5-38-237-241.
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Department of German is one of the oldest language departments at MGIMO. Since its foundation in 1944 the military experienced teachers of the department, most of whom were native speakers, have begun to develop a unique method of teaching the German language, thereby revolutionize learning this foreign language. The first steps made under the supervision of the Department of Antonina V. Celica. The department refused to conventional time and is still used in universities such as the Moscow Linguistic University, separate teaching phonetics, grammar and vocabulary, which was due to the specific objectives set for the teaching staff: prepare for short term specialists in international relations, active Germanspeaking. The department can be proud of its graduates, many of whom continue his career in the walls of native high school. Many graduates have dedicated their lives to serving the State in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
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Donaghy, Greg. « Documenting the Diplomats : The Origins and Evolution of Documents on Canadian External Relations ». Public Historian 25, no 1 (2003) : 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2003.25.1.9.
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This article explores the origins and evolution of Documents on Canadian External Relations, a primary source compilation of historical material published by Canada's Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade. It describes the public policy imperatives that prompted the department to launch its historical series in the period immediately after World War II. More important, it explores how the series was shaped and re-shaped through a critical dialogue between public and private historians, as questions of access, declassification, and academic accountability collided with the department's own evolving policy objectives.
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Slesyk, Kateryna. « FORMATION OF FOREIGN STUDENTS᾿ MORAL RELATIONS AT THE UNIVERSITY PREPARATORY DEPARTMENT ». Theory and practice of social systems management, no 2 (20 juin 2019) : 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2078-7782.2019.2.01.
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Melnikova, O. A. « Information Support of Foreign Policy ». MGIMO Review of International Relations, no 2(41) (28 avril 2015) : 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2015-2-41-86-93.
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Informatization and modern information technologies cover the most various areas of social, spiritual and material human life and have become the dominating globalization factor with major impact on world events. Modern international relations present new challenges and threats ofcross-border nature, which fall within the area of information security. This brings issues of informational influence on international policy to the fore. In this context the question of improvement and modernization of policy instruments for more effective use of modern means of implementation of foreign policy priorities, including information support of international activities, achieves fundamental importance. Given the complexity of modern international relations and tasks facing foreign affairs departments, diplomatic success in many cases depends onthe efficiency of information support. The article analyses current objectives and methods of information support of foreign policy in the context of modern Russian legislation. The author examines the approach of the Information and Press Department of the Russian Ministryof Foreign Affairs,a subdivision responsible for information support and international cooperation in the media sphere. The article specifies the key role of new information technologies for informing the audience expeditiously and to the full extent in regard to Russian approaches to the solution of international problems, foreign policy initiatives and actions of the Russian Federation, and for counteracting attempts to discredit Russian foreign policy.
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Tretyakova, Galina Viktorovna, et Farrukh Begijon Khudoydodzoda. « Gender asymmetry peculiarities among lecturers of foreign languages department ». SHS Web of Conferences 125 (2021) : 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202112502006.
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The background of the research: the article deals with the problems of gender asymmetry among teachers of the Department of Foreign Languages and Intercultural Communication of the Faculty of International Economic Relations, which are caused by the socio-economic structure of society, the level of democratization, the development of the spiritual life of society, the peculiarities of the socio-demographic structure. It is also necessary to take into account the experience of the Soviet school, which had a pronounced gender asymmetry, which had led to the feminization of many professions. The gender factor is important when planning the work of universities, determining the areas of training and specialties that are in demand by the market. Under such conditions, gender asymmetry becomes a clear indicator of the educational society. So, the purpose of the study is to conduct a gender analysis of the ongoing changes in the higher education system and to show the professional and social role of women in the modern world.
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Saifulina, A. G., et A. V. Leifa. « The content of the cross-cultural competence of foreign students of the preparatory department ». Vektor nauki Tol'yattinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya Pedagogika i psihologiya, no 4 (2022) : 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18323/2221-5662-2022-4-25-31.
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Friendly cross-cultural and international relations are currently of particular importance for countries and peoples around the world. The state policy of the Russian Federation is aimed at promoting the Russian language and Russian culture, exporting education. The preparatory department, as the first stage of the educational process of foreign citizens in Russia, both provides language training and plays an important role in the socio-cultural development of students, their acquaintance with the target-language country. The paper covers the issue of the formation of the cross-cultural competence of foreign students of the preparatory department, be exact, the theoretical substantiation of the content of this competence: the identification and description of its topical units. The paper analyzes the possibilities of using an interdisciplinary approach in the process of formation of the cross-cultural competence of foreign students of the preparatory department. As the cross-cultural competence, the authors consider the information about the culture, history, and geography of a target-language country, and some national identities of the people of this country. When selecting the content of the cross-cultural competence, the authors took into account the principles and criteria for selection of the content of education, the specifics of foreign students, and special aspects of organizing the educational process at the preparation stage. As a result of the study, the authors identified the content of the cross-cultural competence of foreign students of the preparatory department, specified and described its topical units: cultural-historical, geographical, national, and regional. Besides, the authors described cognitive and functional components of the cross-cultural competence. The paper establishes relations between the disciplines of the humanities and substantiates the application of an interdisciplinary approach within the framework of the formation of the cross-cultural competence of foreign students of the preparatory department.
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Bradley, Curtis A., et Jack L. Goldsmith. « The Abiding Relevance of Federalism to U.S. Foreign Relations ». American Journal of International Law 92, no 4 (octobre 1998) : 675–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2998129.
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The international law community has heavily criticized the United States’ handling of the Breard case. These criticisms are understandable. Perhaps because of the rush of time, the explanations by the Department of Justice and the Supreme Court for failing to stop Breard’s execution brushed over important issues of domestic and international law. In addition, Virginia’s decision to proceed with the execution, and the federal Government’s decision not to block it, may have reflected insufficient respect for international law and institutions. These decisions may also adversely affect U.S. relations with other nations and weaken consular protection of U.S. citizens abroad. These criticisms, however, tell only part of the story. In particular, they do not consider countervailing considerations grounded in the Constitution’s allocation of authority between the federal and state governments.
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Klynina, Tetiana. « To the Issue of Creation and Functioning of the U.S. Department of State (18th-19th Centuries) ». Mìžnarodnì zv’âzki Ukraïni : naukovì pošuki ì znahìdki, no 26 (27 novembre 2017) : 273–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mzu2017.26.273.
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The article focuses on the question of the creation of the U.S. Department of State and its functions. We surveyed historiography (works by Mihalkanin E., Plischke E., West R.,Glad B. and so on). For over 200 years, the Department of State has conducted American diplomacy through war and peace, amidst the competing currents of isolationism and internationalism that have shaped American foreign policy and its commitment to liberty and democracy. The Department of State was established as the Department of Foreign Affairs by the act of July 27, 1789 and became the first Federal agency to be created under the new Constitution. In September 1789, additional legislation changed the name of the agency to the Department of State and assigned to it a variety of duties. There are 5 main periods of existence of the U.S. Department of State: the emerging State Department (1789-1860), the Department comes of age (1861-1895), managing the foreign affairs of a great power (1900-1940), the Department of state and the U.S. as a Superpower (1945-1960), the Department of State’s role in the U.S. Foreign Affairs Community (1961-2000). Special attention is paid to the positions of the Secretary of State who is in charge of defining and implementing U.S. foreign policy. Thomas Jefferson, Henry Kissinger, John Quincy Adams, William Jennings Bryan, Henry Clay, James Madison, George C. Marshall, George Schultz, and Daniel Webster are just a few of the Secretaries who played the greatest role in the providing of the USA’ foreign affairs. Then author gives the illustration of the secretary relations with the President, Cabinet and Congress.
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Derbenova, Yana, Antonina Artemenko, Victor Malyarevsky, Volodymyr Tsaruk et Kristina Yurchenko. « PUBLIC DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITY TAKING INTO ACCOUNT REGIONAL FEATURES ». Problems of Innovation and Investment Development, no 27 (21 décembre 2021) : 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33813/2224-1213.27.2021.3.
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The aim of the article is to analyze the directions of public management of foreign economic activity in Ukraine and to determine the regional features of the organization of foreign economic activity. The research methodology included the use of general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, specification, classification) and special (system-structural research, economic analysis). The scientific novelty of the obtained results is to establish the need for public management of foreign economic activity in the context of regional features as an important aspect of foreign economic policy of the region. Conclusions. The article clarifies that it is expedient to consider public administration as an organizing and regulating influence of the state on the social life of people in order to organize, preserve or transform it, based on the power that limits effective social control. It is established that the foreign economic relations of any country should be regulated by the state and regulated by the public. It is determined that some regions have certain features of development and specialization, and therefore have different export potential, and the state of foreign economic activity of the region depends on its implementation. The main goals of regional foreign economic activity are: support and development of existing forms and directions of foreign economic policy; development of new forms of foreign economic activity; formation and development of foreign economic infrastructure; attracting both national and foreign investments; development of export potential of regions; increasing the competitiveness of regions as a necessary prerequisite for their international integration. Keywords: export, imports, public administration, foreign economic activity, foreign economic policy, region.
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Cooke, William N. « The Influence of Industrial Relations Factors on U.S. Foreign Direct Investment Abroad ». ILR Review 51, no 1 (octobre 1997) : 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399705100101.
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Although managers of multinational companies have identified labor practices and regulations, access to skilled labor, and similar factors as important considerations in foreign direct investment decision-making, few studies have empirically examined the influence of industrial relations factors on foreign direct investment. Applying a transaction costs framework to U.S. Department of Commerce data published in 1992, the author examines the influence of several key industrial relations variables on U.S. foreign direct investment across nine industries and nineteen OECD-member countries. Across the countries studied, U.S. foreign direct investment was negatively affected by the presence of high levels of union penetration, centralized collective bargaining structures, stiff government restrictions on layoffs, and pervasive contract extension policies; it was positively affected by high levels of education and policies requiring works councils.
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Hackenesch, Christine, et Julia Bader. « The Struggle for Minds and Influence : The Chinese Communist Party's Global Outreach ». International Studies Quarterly 64, no 3 (9 juin 2020) : 723–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaa028.
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Abstract This paper addresses a largely overlooked actor in China's foreign relations, the International Department of the Communist Party of China (ID-CPC). Using publicly available documentation, we systematically analyze the patterns of the CPC's external relations since the early 2000s. Building on an intense travel diplomacy, the ID-CPC maintains a widely stretched network to political elites across the globe. The ID-CPC's engagement is not new; but since Xi Jinping took office, the CPC has bolstered its efforts to reach out to other parties. We find that party relations not only serve as an additional channel to advance China's foreign policy interests. Since President Xi has come to power, party relations also emerged as a key instrument to promote China's vision for reforming the global order. Moreover, China increasingly uses the party channel as a vehicle of authoritarian learning by sharing experiences of its economic modernization and authoritarian one-party regime. The cross-regional analysis of the CPC's engagement with other parties helps us to better understand the role of the CPC in Chinese foreign policy-making, pointing to a new research agenda at the intersection of China's foreign relations, authoritarian diffusion, and transnational relations.
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Avhustiuk, Mariia, Iryna Tymeichuk, Natalia Konopka, Oksana Sakhniuk et Eduard Balashov. « Online studying instructional measures at the International Relations Department of the National University of Ostroh Academy ». Journal of Education Culture and Society 12, no 1 (17 juin 2021) : 322–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs2021.1.322.334.
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Aim. The paper’s aim is to present some current specific online studying instructional measures at the International Relations Department of the National University of Ostroh Academy in Ukraine.Methods. The study is devoted to the observation of some theoretical and methodological aspects of the peculiarities of online studying measures at the International Relations Department. The theoretical and comparative methods of analysing the peculiarities of online studying have been taken into account. In order to summarise the currentonline studying experiences at the International Relations Department, some specific instructional measures for both students and teachers are presented, for example: how to handle the lack of interaction, master self-learning, promote self-regulation strategies and become more strategic thinkers.. The necessity of studying the above-mentionedaspects has been caused by their impact on students’ learning activity, especially in the times of COVID-19 pandemic.Results and conclusions. The focal point of this research is to provide an insight into the background of online studying peculiarities through the prism of Ukrainian teachers and students. The analysis is focused on online studying of foreign languages, as well as the possible online teaching methods of professional disciplines (History of International Relations; Foreign Policy of the Countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America; International Conflicts; Current Problems of International Relations in the Middle East) at the International Relations Department. What is more, the authors outline how to help students deal with the lack of interaction, master self-learning, promote self-regulation strategies and become more strategic thinkers. The authors also highlight possible challenges for the faculty and suggest ways to overcome those difficulties. Moreover, some major prerequisites of students’ self-regulatory online learning are described. Contribution. The results of the study are instrumental in mastering the peculiarities of online studying through the prism of learning at the International Relations Department of the National University of Ostroh Academy (Ukraine). The findings of this study may be considered important and contribute to future research.
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Lutz, Colleen A. « Dispatch : A New Weekly Record of the U.S. State Department ». American Journal of International Law 85, no 2 (avril 1991) : 383–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203076.
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Dispatch, a new weekly record of the U.S. Department of State, compiles major foreign policy speeches and congressional testimony by senior U.S. officials, as well as treaty actions and ambassadorial appointments.Every week, Dispatch publishes the most current information on U.S. foreign policy. In addition to speeches and congressional testimony, Dispatch carries policy summaries, fact sheets and feature articles, plus updates on events in the Middle East and on public and private sector assistance to Eastern and Central Europe.
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Fadhilah, Asshinaz Noor. « Identifying East Java Trade Interest Through Paradiplomacy Initiatives - Analysis on Actors, Processes and Goals of Diplomacy ». Indonesian Journal of Social Development 1, no 4 (3 mai 2024) : 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47134/jsd.v1i4.2381.
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This research explores the paradiplomacy activities of the East Java Government's Department of Industry and Trade in improving international trade relations. Through initiatives such as business matching, trade fairs, and foreign trade missions, the government collaborates with trade attachés, ITPCs, and foreign trade representatives to promote Indonesian exports and attract foreign investment. By achieving strong trade performance, East Java has succeeded in attracting investment, increasing export value, and actively contributing to Indonesia's international trade. This study emphasizes the important role of local governments in advancing international trade for regional development and national interests. Through programs such as business matching, foreign trade missions, international exhibitions and market brief webinars. The East Java government uses paradiplomacy to strengthen international trade relations. This research underlines the role of subnational actors in increasing economic growth and Indonesia's foreign trade balance.
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Voskresensky, A. D. « School of Political Science ». MGIMO Review of International Relations, no 5(38) (28 octobre 2014) : 87–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-5-38-87-111.
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Out of all the departments of political sciences in Russia - the Department at MGIMO-University is probably the oldest one. In fact it is very young. While MGIMO-University is celebrating its 70th anniversary the Department of Political Sciences turns 15. Despite the fact that political analyst is a relatively new profession in Russia, it acquired a legal standing only in the 1990s, the political science school at MGIMO-University is almost as old as the university itself. Unlike many other universities, focused on the training teachers of political science or campaign managers MGIMO-University has developed its own unique political science school of "full cycle", where students grow into political sciences from a zero level up to the highest qualifications as teachers and researchers, and campaign managers, consultants and practitioners. The uniqueness of the school of political science at MGIMO-University allows its institutional incarnation -the Department of Political Science - to offer prospective studentsa training in a wide range of popular specialties and specializations, while ensuring a deep theoretical and practical basis of the training. Studying at MGIMO-University traditionally includes enhanced linguistic component (at least two foreign languages). For students of international relations and political science learning foreign languages is particularly important.It allows not only to communicate, but also to produce expertise and knowledge in foreign languages.
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Lazuto, Yurii. « Some Aspects of Working Practices at the Department of State Protocol of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine ». Diplomatic Ukraine, no XXI (2020) : 137–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2020-7.
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Abstract. The article is devoted to the international situation in Europe and USSR’s foreign policy before and after the outbreak of World War II. The author states that from the very beginning the fascist regime in Germany was favourably received by Stalin’s USSR. Hitler also claimed that the German government was ready to develop friendly relations with the Soviet Union. However, such a situation in the bilateral relations was short-lived. Seeking benevolence from Western European countries, Hitler assumed the role of an anti-communist crusader. With a view to strengthening the country’s security, countering Germany and fascism, Stalin gave up his ideological dogmas in line with the situation. Moscow came to vigorously support all political forces, which were advocating closer relations with the USSR against fascism. After Germany attacked the Soviet Union, Stalin’s foreign policy suffered a total collapse, which was a devastating blow to the myth of his brilliance and sagacity. The glorification of fascism and the policy of its befriending came at a cost. Nearly 50 million Soviet citizens perished in the war against the fascist Germany, of which 10 million were Ukrainian nationals. In Russia, both public officials and scholars still avoid the truth about the foreign policy activity of the Soviet leadership in 1939 and 1940s. In this regard, the Ukrainian historian and specialist in international relations, professor at Kyiv Pedagogical University Anatolii Trubaichuk was the first in the Soviet Union to tell the truth in his writings and lectures about the essence of the Soviet foreign policy before and after the beginning of World War II based on his profound scientific research. The author stresses that the search for full truth is to be continued. To that end, it is necessary that all the archives in Russia be opened and access to documents relating to the period of World War II be provided. Keywords: World War II, foreign policy, Soviet Union, Stalin, Germany.
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Allen, David. « Realism and Malarkey : Henry Kissinger's State Department, Détente, and Domestic Consensus ». Journal of Cold War Studies 17, no 3 (juillet 2015) : 184–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00548.
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This article uses recently declassified archival documents to reassess public opinion in the United States regarding East-West détente. When Henry Kissinger was U.S. secretary of state during the Nixon and Ford administrations, he made dozens of speeches intended to educate the public in what he considered the proper methods of diplomacy. By analyzing those “heartland” speeches using recently released documents, the article shows that Kissinger and the State Department tried much harder to create a foreign policy consensus behind détente and realism than previously understood. Despite these efforts, Kissinger's message was lost on the public. The article provides the first extended analysis of a series of fact-finding “town meetings” held by the State Department in five locations across the United States—meetings that revealed how badly Kissinger had failed. By February 1976, all those involved in U.S. foreign policymaking—Kissinger's opponents, his advisers, and the wider public—desired a greater role for moral values in foreign policy.
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DÉVAVÁRI, ZOLTÁN. « HUNGARIAN DIPLOMACY AND THE DISINTEGRATION OF YUGOSLAVIA 1990–1991 ». ISTRAŽIVANJA, Јournal of Historical Researches, no 33 (22 décembre 2022) : 174–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.19090/i.2022.33.174-190.
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This study aims to explore Hungarian–Yugoslav diplomatic relations in the first phase of the disintegration of the second Yugoslav state through relevant documents from the Hungarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and accounts from the contemporary Hungarian press. The study mainly focuses on relations between the Hungarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Except for Serbia, diplomatic relations between Hungary and the other Yugoslav republics were not taken into consideration due to length constraints. The study also examines Budapest’s diplomatic activities with the great powers regarding the Yugoslav question. The documents used this study can be found in XIX-J-1-j records at the Department of Political Government and Party Authorities of the Hungarian National Archives after 1945 (Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár Országos Levéltára 1945 utáni Politikai Kormányszervek és Pártiratok Főosztálya, MNL OL).
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Lampe, John R. « Yugoslavia’s Foreign Policy in Balkan Perspective : Tracking between the Superpowers and Non-Alignment ». East Central Europe 40, no 1-2 (2013) : 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763308-04001001.
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From 1960 forward, Yugoslavia based its independent foreign policy on three “special relationships”, balancing its accommodation with the Soviet Union by close relations with the United States and the new Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). Paying special attention to the roles of Yugoslavia’s Foreign Ministry and the US State Department as well as President Tito, this article addresses three crucial periods in which the intersection of Yugoslavia’s relations with the US, the USSR and the NAM prompted a decisive turn in its foreign policy. In 1961–63, Tito’s support for the NAM damaged its US relations to Soviet benefit. But in 1967–71, NAM indifference to the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia turned Tito back toward the US, as advocated by his Foreign Ministry. And in 1976-79, Soviet and Bulgarian efforts to coopt the NAM through Cuba’s Presidency prompted a successful rebuff led by Yugoslavia and appreciated in Washington. After 1979, however, Belgrade’s post Tito reliance on economic relations with the NAM members had unintended and damaging domestic consequences, obstructing the Slovenian and Croatian commitment to West European trade while also dividing Bosnian Muslims from Bosnian Serbs.
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Myšička, Stanislav. « Gagliardone, Iginio. 2019. China, Africa, and the Future of the Internet. London : Zed Books. » Modern Africa : Politics, History and Society 9, no 1 (1 octobre 2021) : 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.26806/modafr.v9i1.403.
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He holds a PhD and is Assistant Professor at the Department of Politics, Philosophical Faculty, University of Hradec Králové, Czech Republic. He specialises in Chinese modern history, Chinese foreign politics, international relations in Asia, and the history of Asian political thinking. He is the author of the book John Rawls a Teorie Mezinárodních Vztahů [John Rawls and the Theory of International Relations]. E-mail: stanislav.mysicka@uhk.cz
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Bryden, Penny. « Foreign policy advice in the Prime Minister’s Office : Mackenzie King to Brian Mulroney ». International Journal : Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 75, no 4 (décembre 2020) : 516–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020702020976614.
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The Department of External Affairs (DEA) has always been anomalous—more closely associated with the prime minister than any other department, yet also more independent from cabinet in its necessarily far-flung structure than any other department. The unique position of the DEA has meant that its influence has been closely tied to changes in the structure of the Prime Minister’s Office (PMO). This article examines the ways that the advisory capacity of the DEA has gradually been eroded, while the foreign policy advice from the PMO has concomitantly increased, in the period between the 1930s and the 1990s.
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Nozdryova, R. B. « School of Management, Marketing and Commerce Studies ». MGIMO Review of International Relations, no 5(38) (28 octobre 2014) : 182–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-5-38-182-185.
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Governance and regulation at the national and international level, the management system of the leading companies in the world, forms and methods of management, and marketing, commercial and advertising work form a relatively new subject field in domestic science. These issues have been introduced into the educational process in Russian universities in the second half of the 1980s. At the MGIMO these research areas have been developed for more than 60 years. Scientific School of the Department of Management and Marketing and the Department of Management Foreign Economic Activity is oriented at the international level and focuses on the development of organizational forms and methods of management, marketing strategy, marketing, and commerce in the context of foreign trade and international activities of domestic firms and organizations on the basis of a comprehensive study of advanced management experience of leading foreign countries. In the early stages of its existence, the school was focused on methodological and practical aspects of international commerce and advertising. But gradually its research encompassed the field of management and marketing, and the scientific school in the field of international management and marketing was established on the basis of examination of relevant theories and experiences of leading foreign countries, and especially multinational companies. Originally these studies were conducted by the Department International Economic Relations of the Faculty of International Economic Relations at MGIMO. The disciplines included studies of the foreign trade operations in global markets, management of foreign economic activities in foreign countries, world commodity markets, and others. The textbook "Organization and technology of foreign trade in the capitalist market" by I.N. Gerchikova, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Economic Science, Professor, published in 1977 already contained sections on management and marketing, including the organizational structure of firms and their international marketing work, international advertising, etc. PhD. Professor F.G. Piskoppel, Ph.D. Professor S.P. Nikitin systematically analyzed forms and methods of market research, which are an integral part of the marketing activities of companies in global markets.
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Cohen, Yoel. « News media and the News Department of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office ». Review of International Studies 14, no 2 (avril 1988) : 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500113348.
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News media are primary sources of information about international affairs. The rise of the mass circulation press and the expansion of foreign news coverage have brought the public at home and abroad closer to international affairs. The British Empire and two world wars strengthened the British citizen's interest and concern regarding foreign policy. The growth of radio and television added to this proximity. Portable electronic cameras and satellites enable the television viewer to become a participant in an event as he or she watches it unfold. Within the foreign policy-making process the media are sources of information to ministers and officials, contribute to the formation of public attitudes, are channels through which governments signal to, and manoeuvre, one another, and are key means for generating public support for foreign policy at home and abroad.
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Kramer, Mark. « The role of the CPSU international department in soviet foreign relations and national security policy ». Soviet Studies 42, no 3 (juillet 1990) : 429–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09668139008411880.
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Litvak, N., et N. Pomozova. « On the Reflexive Formation of the “Human Capital” of the International Department of the CPC Central Committee ». World Economy and International Relations 65, no 6 (2021) : 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2021-65-6-51-58.
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Received 03.07.2020. This article represents a stage in a comprehensive interdisciplinary study of foreign policy institutions and personalities of the People’s Republic of China since the late 1990s. to November 2019. During this period there was a rapid growth in the economic, technological and cultural development of the country, which both allowed and demanded a greater foreign policy activity of China, which until then was focused on internal, maximum, regional problems. At the same time, people and institutions, that shaped and implemented this new foreign policy also developed and changed. The periods between the congresses of the Chinese Communist Party with the corresponding renewal of political leadership and foreign policy priorities correlate with the prevalence of human resources with certain biographical criteria (place of birth, higher education and practical work) in the Foreign Ministry and the International Department of the CPC Central Committee, those who were born in the East of the country, studied and worked in Europe, and not in the United States and Russia, as one might suppose on the basis of the discourse, for many decades concentrated on the military confrontation between the main nuclear powers. This article examines the biographies of key employees of the CPC International department in connection with the formation of foreign policy in the context of the overall development of China. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded, firstly, about the strengthening of the technocratic approach to foreign policy specialists, which takes into account, first of all, their expert qualities, even in such a party structure as the CPC Central Committee International department, instead of the ideological approach that dominated in the past. Secondly, personnel dynamics are influenced by the specifics of the work of the International Department, which is currently aimed at maximizing the implementation of opportunities for cooperation, primarily of an economic nature, in the Eurasian direction, while the Foreign Ministry has the main current task of confronting the United States and regional rivals. Third, the revealed correlation and long-term effects of such a personnel policy can also stimulate Russian activity in terms of training the next generations of foreign policy human resources on the Chinese direction.
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Matlock, Jack F. « Empathy in International Relations : A Commentary ». Journal of Cold War Studies 12, no 2 (avril 2010) : 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws.2010.12.2.89.
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Six former U.S. State Department officials, all of whom were involved in U.S. foreign policy during the Carter administration, respond to the article by James Blight and janet Lang. Their reactions vary, but one common point of concern is whether Blight and Lang are correct in arguing that “empathy” as an organizing concept or analytical tool will be useful “not just in conferences in which the past is revisited, but also in the present and future, when it really matters.” Even though most of the commentators accept at least some of the points about the U.S.-Soviet détente in the late 1970s, they have questions about the conceptual underpinnings of the article. The forum ends with a response from Blight and Lang.
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Ivanenko, O. A. « A scholar of the European level (to the 70th anniversary of Corresponding Member of the NAS of Ukraine Stepan V. Vidnianskyi) ». Visnik Nacional'noi' academii' nauk Ukrai'ni, no 03 (25 mars 2021) : 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/visn2021.03.088.
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On 27 March Stepan Vidnianskyi celebrates his 70th birthday. He is a well-known Ukrainian scholar, expert in the world history, Head of the Department of the History of International Relations and Foreign Policy of Ukraine at the Institute of History of Ukraine of the NAS of Ukraine (since 1991), Doctor of History (1997), Professor (1999), Corresponding Member of the NAS of Ukraine (2015), Honored Science and Engineering Worker of Ukraine (2001), Laureate of the State Prize of Ukraine in Science and Technology (2016), Honorary Doctor of the Uzhhorod National University (2005), Foreign Member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (2009), executive editor of the interagency collected scientific papers “The International Relations of Ukraine: Scientific Searches and Findings” (since 1993), author of about 600 scientific works.
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Glebov, S., А. Zakharchenko, Е. Chiriac, О. Kondrashova, О. Konovalenko, V. Loziichuk, Y. Maistrenko, І. Maksymenko, М. Skrypnyk et D. Poble. « V SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE “POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL SYSTEMS AND GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT” ». International and Political Studies, no 35 (10 novembre 2022) : 244–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2707-5206.2022.35.261530.
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Scientific conference for teachers, PhD students, and Master students who study in the specialty 291 International Relations, Public Communications and Regional Studies, with the participation of the Dean of the Faculty of International Relations, Political Science and Sociology Viktor Glebov, Head of the Department of International Relations Olga Brusylovska, lectors and guests of the University, took place on May 12, 2022 at the FIRPS ONU named after I. I. Mechnikov. Among the issues considered at the conference were: the analysis of the theory of international relations (О. Konovalenko, D. Poble), main problems of international relations (S. Glebov, А. Zakharchenko, Y. Maistrenko, I. Maksymenko), and foreign policy of the states (E. Chiriac, О. Kondrashova, V. Loziichuk, М. Skrypnyk).
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HAASE, CHRISTIAN, CHRISTIAN KRAIKER et JÖRN KREUZER. « Germany's Foreign Relations and the Nazi Past ». Contemporary European History 21, no 1 (15 décembre 2011) : 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777311000555.
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On 7 November 1968, the political activist Beate Klarsfeld entered the stage of a CDU party convention in Berlin, slapped the West German chancellor Kurt-Georg Kiesinger in the face and cried ‘Nazi, Nazi’. During the Third Reich, Kiesinger had worked in one of the propaganda departments of the Auswärtiges Amt (Foreign Office). The history of the German foreign office received additional attention in 1968 due to the fact that the then vice-chancellor and foreign secretary of the Grand Coalition, Willy Brandt, was a former resistance fighter, who had been stripped of his citizenship by the Auswärtiges Amt in 1938. Despite numerous scandals about the post-war careers of former Nazi diplomats in the 1950s and 60s, the Auswärtiges Amt escaped closer scrutiny until 2005, when the then foreign secretary Joschka Fischer set up a historical inquiry commission. In his memoirs, Fischer has argued that his decision was influenced by the events of 1968.
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Mashevskyi, Oleh, et Olga Sukhobokova. « The second scientific conference «USA : Politics, Society, Culture» at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv ». American History & ; Politics : Scientific edition, no 15 (2023) : 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2521-1706.2023.15.9.
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The strong support of the United States during the Russian war against Ukraine highlights the significant scholarly problem of the comprehensive study of American history (particularly foreign policy), culture, and US-Ukrainian relations. The mentioned directions define the activities of the educational program «American and European Studies (with the advanced program of foreign languages)» of the Department of Modern and Contemporary History of Foreign Countries at the Faculty of History of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. In January 2023, the Department held the second All-Ukrainian scientific conference «USA: Politics, Society, Culture,» dedicated to various aspects of the social, political, and cultural development of the United States of America. The conference took place online on the «Zoom» platform. It was primarily aimed at the participation of young researchers – students and graduate students who study the history, politics, society, and culture of the United States. At the same time, more experienced Americanists also participated, presenting their latest research developments. The main keynote speech at the plenary session was delivered by Valeriy Prystaiko, The main keynote speech at the plenary session was delivered by Valeriy Prystaiko, the Chief Consultant of the Military Policy Division at the Center for Security Studies of the National Institute for Strategic Studies (NISS), Candidate of Sciences in public administration. His report was focused on specific aspects of cooperation between Ukraine and the United States in the context of the full-scale war. The main work of the conference was organized into four sections: U.S. Foreign Policy and Relations with World States in the 21st Century; U.S. Foreign Policy and Relations with World States in the 20th Century; U.S. Foreign Policy Strategy; American Society and Culture. The conference materials have been published on the website of the Department of Modern and Contemporary History of Foreign Countries of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Video recordings of the most interesting reports are also available on the Department’s YouTube channel «American, European, and Oriental Studies». The experience gained from the conference «USA: Politics, Society, Culture» convincingly demonstrates the importance of such scientific forums for the development of Ukrainian American studies, the engagement and professional growth of young Americanist researchers, and the expert discussion and exchange of experience between younger and older generations of Ukrainian Americanists. In our opinion, scientific and cultural diplomacy plays a crucial role in deepening mutual understanding and cooperation between the Ukrainian and American peoples, particularly in countering Russian aggression in Ukraine and rebuilding our state. Therefore, we hope for the continuation of the tradition of annual conferences and other events that will contribute to the development of Ukrainian American studies.
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Gladkov, G. I. « Language Schools of MGIMO-University ». MGIMO Review of International Relations, no 5(38) (28 octobre 2014) : 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-5-38-197-202.
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In 1943, when the Department of International Relations at MSU was established to develop one year later into the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO), the first task of the faculty was to teach future diplomats of foreign languages, which they for the most part simply did not know. Of course, in the midst of World War II, the most important foreign language seemed to be German. But the question was in providing for language support for the system of world diplomacy of the Soviet state. And pretty soon it became clear that proficiency in two foreign languages was the main advantage of MGIMO graduates over graduates of all other national universities. The language study at MGIMO is of applied nature: while studying languages students at the same time receive other professions - a diplomat, an economist, a lawyer, a journalist. Studying a language of profession became an academic niche of MGIMO. That is why today MGIMO entered the Guinness Book of Records for the number of foreign languages studied: 53 in 2014.
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Clark, John F. « The Clinton Administration and Africa : White House Involvement and the Foreign Affairs Bureaucracies ». Issue : A Journal of Opinion 26, no 2 (1998) : 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004716070050287x.
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Both continuity and change capture the evolving role of the Clinton White House in the formulation and implementation of U.S. foreign policy toward Africa. Elements of continuity are reflected in a familiar pattern of relationships between the White House and the principal foreign policy bureaucracies, most notably the U.S. State Department, the U.S. Department of Defense (Pentagon), the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), and more recently the U.S. Department of Commerce. As cogently argued in Peter J. Schraeder’s analysis of U.S. foreign policy toward Africa during the Cold War era, the White House has tended to take charge of U.S. African policies only in those relatively rare situations perceived as crises by the president and his closest advisors. In other, more routine situations—the hallmark of the myriad of U.S. African relations—the main foreign policy bureaucracies have been at the forefront of policy formulation, and “bureaucratic dominance” of the policymaking process has prevailed. Much the same pattern is visible in the Clinton administration, with the exception of President Clinton’s trip to Africa in 1998. Until that time, events in Somalia in 1993 served as the only true African crisis of the administration that was capable of focusing the ongoing attention of President Clinton and his closest advisors. Given that the United States is now disengaged from most African crises, Africa has remained a “backwater” for the White House and the wider foreign policymaking establishment.
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B. Lomas, Daniel W., et Christopher J. Murphy. « The Foreign Office ‘Thought Police’ : Foreign Office Security, the Security Department and the ‘Missing Diplomats’, 1940 – 1952 ». Diplomacy & ; Statecraft 34, no 3 (3 juillet 2023) : 433–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09592296.2023.2239638.
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Datskiv, I. « The Role of Vasily Paneiko’s Personality in the Development of International Relations of the West Ukrainian People’s Republic (1918-1923) ». Problems of World History, no 7 (14 mars 2019) : 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2019-7-12.
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This article covers the main directions and results of the diplomatic activity of the first foreign minister of the West Ukrainian People’s Republic Vasyl Paneyko. The role of V. Paneyko in the partypolitical life, and the implementation of the idea of the unity of the Ukrainian lands was clarified. His nation-wide and diplomatic activities during the national liberation struggles of the Ukrainian people were thoroughly analyzed. It is noted that V. Paneyko among the Galician politicians was distinguished by theoretical and political preparation, far-sightedness and convincing position. It is noted that during the first month of his work in the foreign affairs department, he resolved two important issues: the organization of the State Secretariat of Foreign Affairs and foreign missions, and realized the idea of uniting the West Ukrainian People’s Republic with the Ukrainian People’s Republic.
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Raitskaya, L. K. « School of English for Applied Economics ». MGIMO Review of International Relations, no 5(38) (28 octobre 2014) : 212–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-5-38-212-215.
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Department of English Language № 5 was created at the Institute of Foreign Economic Relations in 2000, and since 2011 it has been working with the students of the Department of Applied Economics and Commerce. Department of English Language № 5 prepares training materials, multimedia courses, manuals and tutorials based on the up-to-date educational technologies. A series of textbooks and teaching materials was recently published by the Department. They are widely used in teaching business communication for Economists. This series include textbook "Commercial correspondence and documentation in English" by L.K. Raitskaya and L.V. Korovin, textbook "Business English with the use of case studies (case studies)" edited by O.V. Desyatova? and textbook "Two-way translation of dialogues commercial content"by O.V. Desyatova.
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Burganova, V., A. Nowak, M. Dulevych, O. Kahraman, A. Elkhair, I. Superson, D. Navasardian et al. « INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE "POLITICS AND CHANGE IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE" ». International and Political Studies, no 34 (21 octobre 2021) : 254–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2707-5206.2021.34.237612.
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The scientific conference for students majoring in 291 International Relations, Public Communications and Regional Studies at the initiative of the Head of the Department of International Relations Olga Brusylovska brought together Masters of ONU and Bachelors of AMU in Poznan. The conference took place on June 1, 2021 online. Among the issues considered at the conference were: the analysis of international relations and foreign policy of the states (Elkhair A., Superson I., Novatska O., Switalska N., Palyonova G., Lubinska M.), systemic transformation of post-communist countries (Burganova V., Nowak A., Dulevych M., Kahraman O., Navasardian D., Rzeczycki A., Polyakova E., Robeyko A., Shevchenko Y., Malicki T., Zazalitinova V., Domina O.).
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Kryachkov, D. A. « School of Diplomatic English ». MGIMO Review of International Relations, no 5(38) (28 octobre 2014) : 203–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-5-38-203-205.
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Chair of English Language № 1 considers itself the successor of the English Language Chair, established at the Faculty of International Relations at the Moscow State University during the World War II. After the Faculty was reformed into MGIMO the Department of English Language began to grow rapidly. Members of the chair develop textbooks and teaching materials designed to provide competence-based approach in the education in field of international affairs, the development of the professional proficiency in English, which are necessary for future participants of our foreign policy. To date, the chair staff consists of 60 professionals, including 26 PhDs. Teachers of the department also conduct research and take part in educational conferences both in Russia and abroad, including those devoted to the professional foreign language communication. Members of the chair also publish scientific articles in this field.
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Sharp, Alan. « Some Relevant Historians-the Political Intelligence Department of the Foreign Office, 1918-1920 ». Australian Journal of Politics & ; History 34, no 3 (28 juin 2008) : 359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8497.1988.tb01185.x.
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Ivanenko, Oksana. « Issues of World History and Ukraine's Role in it on the Pages of “the International Relations of Ukraine : Scientific Searches and Findings” (a Content Review of Issues 1-29 from 1991 to 2020) ». Mìžnarodnì zv’âzki Ukraïni : naukovì pošuki ì znahìdki, no 30 (1 novembre 2021) : 477–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mzu2021.30.477.
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The paper presents a content review of “the International Relations of Ukraine: Scientific Searches and Findings” (issues 1-29 from 1991 to 2020). The author highlights that after Ukraine regained its independence in 1991, a wide network of Ukrainian periodicals in the humanities was established. These periodicals perform an important coordinating function, accumulate the efforts of authors, editors and reviewers from different regions of Ukraine and foreign countries and unite them into united teams, as well as reflect trends in scientific development, provide an opportunity to discuss topical issues, influence the dynamics of conceptual updating of socio-humanitarian disciplines in Ukraine. In 1991, the first specialised periodical on world history in independent Ukraine – the Yearbook "International Relations of Ukraine: Scientific Searches and Findings" – was created. The purpose of this Yearbook is to coordinate research carried out by representatives of "the Historical European Studies" Ukrainian academic school. The founders of this school are corresponding members of the NAS of Ukraine F.P. Shevchenko (1914-1995), I.M. Mel'nykova (1918-2010) and P.S. Sokhan' (1926-2013). Since 1991, corresponding member of the NAS of Ukraine S.V. Vidnyanskyj heads the Department of World History and International Relations (since 2012 the Department of the History of International Relations and Foreign Policy of Ukraine) and leads the aforementioned academic school. In general, the papers published in “the International Relations of Ukraine: Scientific Searches and Findings” from 1991 to 2020 contribute to the reconstruction of a broad panorama of international relations in the lands of Ukraine from the times of Kyivan Rus' until the early 21st century. During its almost thirty-year history, the Yearbook has become an influential periodical of Central and Eastern Europe, contributing to the coordination of fundamental research on world history and the understanding of key issues in world history and Ukraine's place in it
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(Leich), Marian Nash. « Contemporary Practice of the United States Relating to International Law ». American Journal of International Law 92, no 2 (avril 1998) : 243–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2998034.
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In January 1998, the Department of State released its Publication 10518, Consular Notification and Access: Instructions for Federal, State, and Local Law Enforcement and Other Officials Regarding Foreign Nationals in the United States and the Rights of Consular Officials to Assist Them. Prepared in the Office of the Legal Adviser, the booklet contains “instructions and guidance relating to the arrest and detention of foreign nationals, deaths of foreign nationals, the appointment of guardians for minors or incompetent adults who are foreign nationals, and related issues pertaining to the provision of consular services to foreign nationals in the United States.” The foreword points out that cooperation of federal, state and local law enforcement agencies in ensuring treatment of foreign nationals in accordance with the instructions not only will permit the United States to comply with its consular legal obligations domestically, but also will help ensure that the United States can insist upon “rigorous compliance by foreign governments with respect to United States citizens abroad.”
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Yinan, Li. « Personnel Changes in the Chinese Direction of Soviet Foreign Policy in 1986 ». Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no 3 (juin 2023) : 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.3.13.
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Introduction. The subject of the study is the personnel changes carried out by Mikhail Gorbachev in 1986 in the framework of putting forward the improvement of Sino-Soviet relations. The object of the study is the activities of high-ranking Soviet sinologist-diplomats in the context of developing and implementing the USSR’s China policy. The purpose of the study is to determine the key figures in the diplomatic circles of the USSR who were in charge of China issues and accordingly reveal their influence on the process of normalizing Sino-Soviet relations in the second half of the 1980s. Methods and materials. The analysis is based on the comprehensive and comparative use of the memories of witnesses to historical events in the USSR and the PRC, as well as archival documents from Russia and former socialist countries. Analysis. Immediately after coming to power, Gorbachev began to consider the improvement of relations with China a priority of Soviet foreign policy and showed great enthusiasm for it. But Brezhnev’s foreign policy elites, including the minister of foreign affairs, two deputy foreign ministers, the first deputy head of the Department for Liaison with Communist and Workers’ Parties of Socialist Countries, and the Soviet ambassador to the PRC, did not support his efforts. For this reason, personnel changes were made. In the spirit of “new thinking”, the successors of the old Soviet sinologist-diplomats actively promoted political reconciliation with Beijing, which led to the normalization of Sino-Soviet relations in a short time.
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Dobell, Graeme. « Fifty years of Australia's Department of Foreign Affairs : from external to internal ». Australian Journal of International Affairs 75, no 4 (11 mai 2021) : 367–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10357718.2021.1926424.
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Costello, Michael. « Policy priorities for the department of Foreign Affairs and trade in 1995 ». Australian Journal of International Affairs 49, no 1 (mai 1995) : 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10357719508445152.
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Goldstein, Erik. « The Foreign Office and political intelligence 1918–1920 ». Review of International Studies 14, no 4 (octobre 1988) : 275–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500113154.
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In 1918 Harold Nicolson in discussing the problem of political intelligence observed that ‘any forecast of diplomatic development must inevitably deal, not with concentric forces, but with eccentric tendencies; such data as are available emerge only from a mass of heterogeneous phenomena, mutually conflicting, mutually overlapping, and striving each towards some distinct and often incompatible solution’. At the time Nicolson was writing the Foreign Office was embarking upon an early attempt to assist diplomacy through analysing these eccentric tendencies and coordinating the information emanating from the heterogeneous phenomena of foreign affairs. The vehicle for this experiment was the Political Intelligence Department (P.I.D.), and its experience contains elements common to intelligence activity throughout this century: the need for co-ordination which in turn leads to a struggle for control of the co-ordinating body, the suspicion aroused in traditional departments by any group involved in intelligence work, the pressure of the Treasury to cut costs even at the expense of useful intelligence operations, and the struggle between the prime minister's office and the Foreign Office for the control of policy. Since the turn of the century there had been a growing awareness of the need for foreign intelligence, a development which finally resulted in the creation of an espionage service in 1909 (the ancestor of the Secret Intelligence Service). This department, however, concentrated on military related intelligence. During the First World War it became evident, particularly to Lord Hardinge, the Permanent Under-Secretary at the Foreign Office, that while there were numerous sources of political intelligence, no systematic method had been established for collecting and collating this information, verifying it against collateral sources, and synthesizing the result in succinct reports which would be of value to the policy-makers. Military intelligence was clearly the preserve of the Admiralty and the War Office, and the Foreign Office decided to establish that political intelligence fell within its purview. In the process of establishing Foreign Office primacy in this sphere, Hardinge had to fend off attempts by Lord Beaverbrook who as Minister of Information tried to use his personal political clout to control such intelligence. This was, however, only one of several bureaucratic difficulties, the P.I.D. was forced to struggle with. Finally in 1920 the P.I.D. was closed through a combination of financial and bureaucratic pressures. During its brief existence, though, it was able to prove the utility of a centralized body concerned with political intelligence. In some ways it presaged the work of the Joint Intelligence Committee (J.I.C.), which in a more sophisticated and elaborate way is meant, to achieve the same ends.
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Hanson, Thomas. « The Traditions and Travails of Career Diplomacy in the United States ». Hague Journal of Diplomacy 6, no 3-4 (21 mars 2011) : 433–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187119111x583978.
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The US Department of State has embarked on a significant expansion of personnel, yet still grapples with the consequences of severe cutbacks in the 1990s that now hamper its ability to fulfill more expeditionary tasks in the wake of 9/11. Historical factors slowed the development of career diplomacy in the US up to 1924, and in recent decades the State Department has been impacted by greater Congressional assertiveness in foreign affairs, an expanded role for other US agencies and the military, and increased security restrictions in the face of terrorist threats. Numerous studies have called for a greater emphasis on civilian diplomacy amid US military involvements in Iraq and Afghanistan. Current US strategy documents evoke a ‘whole of government’ approach to nation-building as the primary context for devoting more resources to diplomacy and development. Over time, however, global trends toward multi-polarity and US fiscal limitations may require a more fundamental re-evaluation of the role and importance of career diplomacy in US foreign policy.
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Warbrick, Colin, Dominic McGoldrick et Colin Warbrick. « II. Unrecognised States and Liability for Income Tax ». International and Comparative Law Quarterly 45, no 4 (octobre 1996) : 954–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589300059807.
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The object of this short note is to draw attention to a decision of the Special Commissioners of Inland Revenue (the Commissioners) which deals with the liability for income tax of officials of an unrecognised State.1 Section 321 of the Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988 (the Taxes Act) provides exemption from liability for income tax for foreign consuls in the United Kingdom and for “an official agent in the United Kingdom for any foreign state, not being … a Commonwealth citizen”. An “official agent” is a person, other than a consul, “who is employed on the staff of any consulate, official department or agency of a foreign state”.
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Gruzdev, Vladislav V. « PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION OF THE SULTANATE OF DELHI IN THE 13TH – 15TH CENTURIES (historical and legal review) ». Vestnik of Kostroma State University 30, no 1 (28 juin 2024) : 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2024-30-1-201-205.
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The article describes the system of public administration of the Sultanate of Delhi. Strong influence of Turkic tribal groups’ tradition on the political, legal and managerial culture of the Sultanate is noted. We consider the state of Delhi to be a theocratic monarchy, where the sultans’ power extended to all spheres of society. An important role in the administration was played by the Vizier and his department responsible for various aspects of state and political life. The article notes the important role of the departmental system among which, the central place was occupied by the departments of the army, Chancery, foreign relations and justice. The article highlights the place and role of the sultan’s court and the legislative body under the ruler in the official apparatus. It is indicated that the main element of administrative management included the iqta – lands transferred for service to certain persons. It is concluded that the public administration system organised by the Turkic peoples, despite a number of problems, had once been generally stable and helped integrate the northern Indian territories into the Muslim socio-cultural space.
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Belinska, D., V. Burganova, S. Gordienko, А. Musienko, M. Pogrebnyak, Y. Shevchenko, L. Houphouet et al. « IV SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE “POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL SYSTEMS AND GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT” ». International and Political Studies, no 34 (21 octobre 2021) : 235–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2707-5206.2021.34.237720.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Scientific conference for young teachers and masters who study in the specialty 291 International Relations, Public Communications and Regional Studies, with the participation of the Dean of the Faculty of International Relations, Political Science and Sociology V. V. Glebov, Head of the Department of International Relations O. I. Brusylovska, lectors and guests of the University, took place on May 18, 2021 at the FIRPS ONU named after I. I. Mechnikov. Among the issues considered at the conference were: the analysis of the theory of international relations (Belinska D., Burganova V., Gordienko S., Musienko A., Pogrebnyak M., Shevchenko Y.), foreign policy of the states (Houphouet L., Navasardyan D., Novatska O., Palyonova G., Polyakova E., Zazalitinova V.), systemic transformation of post-communist and post-colonial countries (Prokhorova V., Elkhair A.).