Articles de revues : « Denominatore »

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Mastrelli, Alberto Carlo. « Denominatori, divisori e multipli ». Linguistica 31, n^o 1 (1 décembre 1991) : 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.31.1.291-294.

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Come è noto in matematica vi sono tre operazioni che consistono nel ricercare il massimo comun divisore, il minimo denominatore comune e il minimo comune multiplo: nella prima operazione si cerca il maggiore fra i multipli comuni a due o più numeri, nella seconda si cerca il minimo multiplo comune dei denomiriatori di due o piu frazioni, nella terza si cerca il piu piccolo tra i numeri divisibili per tutti i numeri dati.

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Gioè, Daniela, et Jessica Iacopelli. « Broncopolmonite e ulcere genitali da Mycoplasma pneumoniae : unico comune denominatore ? » Medico e Bambino pagine elettroniche 23, n^o 8 (31 octobre 2020) : 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.53126/mebxxiii216.

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Spina, Luigi. « Fall and Rise of Religion and Rhetoric ». Rhetorica 26, n^o 3 (2008) : 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rh.2008.26.3.209.

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Riassunto Il rapporto tra retorica e religione può essere analizzato dal punto di vista di un denominatore comune: l'aspetto comunicativo. Si possono identificare diverse direzioni della comunicazione religiosa, tendenzialmente persuasiva: da dio a uomo, da uomo a dio, da uomo ad uomo. Le diverse forme possono essere esemplificate attraverso il ricorso a testi che vanno dal Vecchio Testamento fino alla letteratura contemporanea.

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Colonna, Rossana. « "Monadi" sessuali. Diversi orientamenti per una comune ricerca : il piacere ». GROUNDING, n^o 2 (décembre 2011) : 53–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/gro2011-002006.

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L'autrice prende in considerazione il concetto di eterosessualitŕ e mette in discussione il considerarlo come "orientamento sessuale sano" per guardarlo soprattutto come ostacolo alla possibilitŕ di apprezzare le diverse soggettivitŕ. Risparmiando ipotesi onnicomprensive, preconfezionate ed esaurienti sulla sessualitŕ, descrive un percorso che riconosce la vasta gamma di possibilitŕ di "gioco" ... Sessuale, rispecchiando, semplicemente, nella sessualitŕ quell'unico, inderogabile, comune denominatore: la somma ricerca del piacere.

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Perini, Antonella. « Gli effetti del COVID-19 sul turismo tra incertezza delle regole e nuove traiettorie. Alcune considerazioni sul decreto "Rilancio" ». RIVISTA ITALIANA DI DIRITTO DEL TURISMO, n^o 30 (septembre 2020) : 61–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/dt2020-030006.

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Il contributo parte dalla considerazione che il turismo è tra i settori più gravemente colpiti dalla crisi economica seguita alla pandemia da COVID-19 e analizza le misure assunte a sostegno del settore, distinguendo tra misure per la sopravvivenza di persone e imprese e misure strutturali per il rilancio del settore. Infine, cerca di individuare un minimo denominatore che possa essere alla base della trasformazione necessaria in direzione di un turismo più sostenibile.

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Testa, Felice. « PARTECIPAZIONE DEI LAVORATORI ALL’IMPRESA, COINVOLGIMENTO E NEGOZIAZIONE COLLETTIVA ; SPUNTI COMPARATI ALLA RICERCA D’UN DENOMINATORE COMUNE EUROPEO ». Revista da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, n^o 63 (5 mai 2014) : 181–254. http://dx.doi.org/10.12818/p.0304-2340.2013v63p181.

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Carbone, Vincenzo. « Problematiche aritmologiche in cardio-oncologia : la fibrillazione atriale ». Cardiologia Ambulatoriale 213, n^o 217 (30 novembre 2020) : 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17473/1971-6818-2020-3-13.

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È stata rilevata un’aumentata prevalenza di fibrillazione atriale (FA) nei pazienti con neoplasie, così come una maggiore incidenza di tumori di nuova diagnosi in soggetti con FA di recente insorgenza. I possibili meccanismi chiamati in causa per spiegare la comparsa di FA in pazienti con cancro (e viceversa) comprendono un’epidemiologia comune e fattori di rischio condivisi, il ruolo dell’età e delle comorbidità che impattano su entrambe le condizioni, un effetto diretto del cancro sull’aritmia, nonché l’azione cardiotossica delle terapie chirurgiche, farmacologiche o radianti messe in atto per il trattamento delle neoplasie. L’infiammazioine sistemica, invece, potrebbe rappresentare un denominatore comune a entrambe le condizioni, come anche lo stress ossidativo e l’apoptosi. Il trattamento della FA nei pazienti oncologici rappresenta una grande sfida e, poiché non disponiamo di Linee Guida specificamente dedicate alla gestione dell’aritmia in questo particolare contesto clinico, l’approccio terapeutico deve essere individualizzato e at-tentamente ponderato.

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Li, Dongmei, Man Wu, Jinwang Liu et Yiman Gao. « Rationalizing Denominators Using Gröbner Bases ». Complexity 2022 (6 janvier 2022) : 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1288357.

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The problem of rationalizing denominators for two types of fractions is discussed in the paper. By using the theory and algorithms of Gröbner bases, we first introduce a method to rationalize the denominators of fractions with square root and cube root, and then, for the denominators with higher radical of the general form, the problem of rationalizing denominators is converted into the related problem of finding the minimal polynomials. Some interesting results and an executable algorithm for rationalizing the denominator of these type fractions are presented. Furthermore, an example is also established to illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithm.

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Righetti, Timothy L., Carmo Vasconcelos, David R. Sandrock, Samuel Ortega et Yerko Moreno. « (323) Alternate Approaches for Evaluating Horticultural Efficiency ». HortScience 40, n^o 4 (juillet 2005) : 1038C—1038. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1038c.

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Four ratio-based efficiency expressions (yield/trunk cross-sectional area, yield/canopy area, yield/pruning weight, CO2 assimilation/leaf area) were evaluated. These expressions depend on the size of the denominator if the function describing the relationship between the denominator and the numerator has a non-zero intercept. When this occurs, it is difficult to determine if statistically different efficiency expressions reflect physiological differences or are caused by comparing expressions with different sized denominators. When denominators and numerators of efficiency expressions are plotted, the edge of the data cloud can often be statistically identified. The function describing the edge of the data cloud defines the maximum possible value (MPV) obtainable for a given value of the denominator. The percentage of MPV (%MPV) is an alternate efficiency expression that is not influenced by differing trunk cross-sectional area, canopy area, pruning weight, or leaf area. The difference between MPV and observed performance can be used to define improvement potential (IP). These alternate assessments can supplement traditional efficiency expressions. It is also possible to determine if statistical differences in traditional efficiency expressions are caused by differences in potential, differences in a plant or leaf's ability to achieve its potential, or differences in the size of the efficiency expression denominators.

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Wolfe, Christopher R. « Adaptive redundancy, denominator neglect, and the base-rate fallacy ». Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30, n^o 3 (juin 2007) : 286–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x07001951.

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AbstractHomo sapiens have evolved a dual-process cognitive architecture that is adaptive but prone to systematic errors. Fuzzy-trace theory predicts that nested or overlapping class-inclusion relations create processing interference, resulting in denominator neglect: behaving as if one ignores marginal denominators in a 2 × 2 table. Ignoring marginal denominators leads to fallacies in base-rate problems and conjunctive and disjunctive probability estimates.

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Abramov, S. A., A. Gheffar et D. E. Khmelnov. « Rational solutions of linear difference equations : Universal denominators and denominator bounds ». Programming and Computer Software 37, n^o 2 (mars 2011) : 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0361768811020022.

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Ellison, J., C. Nagamuthu, S. Vanderloo, B. McRae et C. Waters. « Estimating chronic disease rates in Canada : which population-wide denominator to use ? » Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada 36, n^o 10 (octobre 2016) : 224–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.36.10.03.

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Introduction Chronic disease rates are produced from the Public Health Agency of Canada’s Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System (CCDSS) using administrative health data from provincial/territorial health ministries. Denominators for these rates are based on estimates of populations derived from health insurance files. However, these data may not be accessible to all researchers. Another source for population size estimates is the Statistics Canada census. The purpose of our study was to calculate the major differences between the CCDSS and Statistics Canada’s population denominators and to identify the sources or reasons for the potential differences between these data sources. Methods We compared the 2009 denominators from the CCDSS and Statistics Canada. The CCDSS denominator was adjusted for the growth components (births, deaths, emigration and immigration) from Statistics Canada’s census data. Results The unadjusted CCDSS denominator was 34 429 804, 3.2% higher than Statistics Canada’s estimate of population in 2009. After the CCDSS denominator was adjusted for the growth components, the difference between the two estimates was reduced to 431 323 people, a difference of 1.3%. The CCDSS overestimates the population relative to Statistics Canada overall. The largest difference between the two estimates was from the migrant growth component, while the smallest was from the emigrant component. Conclusion By using data descriptions by data source, researchers can make decisions about which population to use in their calculations of disease frequency.

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Obersteiner, Andreas, et Isabella Staudinger. « How the eyes add fractions : Adult eye movement patterns during fraction addition problems ». Journal of Numerical Cognition 4, n^o 2 (7 septembre 2018) : 317–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jnc.v4i2.130.

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Recent studies have tracked eye movements to assess the cognitive processes involved in fraction comparison. This study advances that work by assessing eye movements during the more complex task of fraction addition. Adults mentally solved fraction addition problems that were presented on a computer screen. The study included four types of problems. The two fractions in each problem had either like denominators (e.g., 3/7 + 2/7), or unlike denominators exhibiting one of the following relationships: one denominator was a multiple of the other denominator (e.g., 2/3 + 1/9), both denominators were prime numbers (e.g., 2/7 + 3/5), or both denominators had a common divisor larger than one (e.g., 5/6 + 3/8). Self-reports, accuracy, and response times confirmed that participants adapted their strategy use according to problem type. We analysed the number of eye fixations on each fraction component, as well as the number of saccades (rapid eye movements) between fixations on components. We found that participants predominantly processed the fraction components separately rather than processing the overall fraction magnitudes. Alternating between the two denominators appeared to be the dominant process, although in problems with common denominators alternating between numerators was dominant. Participants rarely used diagonal saccades in any of the problems, which would indicate cross-multiplication. Our findings suggest that adults adapt their cognitive processes of fraction addition according to problem type. We discuss the implications of our findings for numerical cognition and mathematics education, as well as the limitations of our current understanding of eye movement patterns.

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Bright, George W. « Teaching Mathematics with Technology : Numerical Relationships ». Arithmetic Teacher 36, n^o 6 (février 1989) : 56–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/at.36.6.0056.

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Numerical relationships are very important in mathematics, yet students frequently have difficulty dealing with them. For example, as the denominator of a positive fraction increases, the value of the fraction decreases, but students many times still want to order fractions incorrectly according to the size of the denominators. Calculators furnish some of the needed mind-expanding support that students need to investigate the value of fractions as the numerators or denominators change.

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Tolia, Veeral N., et Reese H. Clark. « The Denominator Matters ! Lessons from Large Database Research in Neonatology ». Children 7, n^o 11 (7 novembre 2020) : 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children7110216.

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Observational studies from large datasets are becoming more common in neonatology. In this review, we highlight the importance of the denominator in study design and interpretation including examples of bias from source data, weight-based categories, age-related bias, and diagnosis-based denominators.

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Pattarini, Elisabetta, Annalisa Fattorini, Silvana Viganò, Luciano Crippa et Armando D’Angelo. « Tempo di protrombina : quale denominatore per il PT Ratio e quali possibilità di utilizzo dell’INR al di fuori della terapia anticoagulante orale ». La Rivista Italiana della Medicina di Laboratorio - Italian Journal of Laboratory Medicine 8, n^o 1 (mars 2012) : 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13631-012-0039-y.

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Anugraheni, Indri, et E. Kus Eddy Sartono. « Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Matematis Berbasis Realistik ». Scholaria : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan 12, n^o 3 (29 septembre 2022) : 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24246/j.js.2022.v12.i3.p244-249.

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The purpose of this study is to describe students' critical thinking skills in realistic-based. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The subjects of this study were students of Elementary School Teacher Education, FKIP, Satya Wacana Christian University in mathematics courses. The data collection technique in this study was a test of students' critical thinking skills. The results of the critical thinking test were analyzed by describing the students' critical thinking skills in the fraction operation. Based on the results of the study, it is known that: 1) students of elementary school teacher candidates need to improve their ability to generalize in teaching addition, subtraction and division arithmetic operations with the same denominator; 2) students need assistance and improvement in their ability to analyze the addition and multiplication count operations with the same denominator; 3)students need assistance and increase their ability to generalize to the addition and subtraction of fractions with different denominators, 4) Students need assistance in improving their ability to analyze multiplication and division counting operations on different denominators.

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Carter, Elizabeth A., Beverly J. Westerman et Katherine L. Hunting. « Risk of Injury in Basketball, Football, and Soccer Players, Ages 15 Years and Older, 2003–2007 ». Journal of Athletic Training 46, n^o 5 (1 septembre 2011) : 484–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-46.5.484.

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Context: A major challenge in the field of sports injury epidemiology is identifying the appropriate denominators for injury rates. Objective: To characterize risk of injury from participation in basketball, football, and soccer in the United States, using hours of participation as the measure of exposure, and to compare these rates with those derived using population estimates in the denominator. Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting: United States, 2003–2007. Participants: People ages 15 years and older who experienced an emergency department–treated injury while playing basketball, football, or soccer. Main Outcome Measure(s): Rates of emergency department–treated injuries resulting from participation in basketball, football, or soccer. Injury rates were calculated for people ages 15 and older for the years 2003–2007 using the U.S. population and hours of participation as the denominators. The risk of injury associated with each of these sports was compared for all participants and by sex. Results: From 2003 through 2007, annual injury rates per 1000 U.S. population were as follows: 1.49 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.30, 1.67) in basketball, 0.93 (95% CI = 0.82, 1.04) in football, and 0.43 (95% CI = 0.33, 0.53) in soccer. When the denominator was hours of participation, the injury rate in football (5.08 [95% CI = 4.46, 5.69]/10 000 hours) was almost twice as high as that for basketball (2.69 [95% CI = 2.35, 3.02]/10 000 hours) and soccer (2.69 [95% CI = 2.07, 3.30]/10 000 hours). Conclusions: Depending on the choice of denominator, interpretation of the risk of an emergency department–treated injury in basketball, football, or soccer varies greatly. Using the U.S. population as the denominator produced rates that were highest in basketball and lowest in soccer. However, using hours of participation as a more accurate measure of exposure demonstrated that football had a higher rate of injury than basketball or soccer for both males and females.

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Datta, Rupak, Melissa Kuo King, Diane Kim, Christopher Nguyen, Kristen Elkins, Adrijana Gombosev, Taliser R. Avery, Hildy Meyers, Michele Cheung et Susan S. Huang. « What Is Nosocomial ? Large Variation in Hospital Choice of Numerators and Denominators Affects Rates of Hospital-Onset Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ». Infection Control & ; Hospital Epidemiology 33, n^o 11 (novembre 2012) : 1166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/668025.

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We calculated hospital-onset methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HO-MRSA) rates for Orange County, California, hospitals using survey and state data. Numerators were variably defined as HO-MRSA occurring more than 48 hours (37%), more than 2 days (30%), and more than 3 days (33%) postadmission. Survey-reported denominators differed from state-reported patient-days. Numerator and denominator choices substantially impacted HO-MRSA rates.

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Phillips, Elayne Kornblatt, Mark Conaway, Ginger Parker, Jane Perry et Janine Jagger. « Issues in Understanding the Impact of the Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act on Hospital Sharps Injuries ». Infection Control & ; Hospital Epidemiology 34, n^o 9 (septembre 2013) : 935–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/671733.

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Objective.Measuring the effect of the Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act (NSPA) is challenging. No agreement exists on a common denominator for calculating injury rates. Does it make a difference? How are the law and safety-engineered devices related? What is the effect on injuries and costs? This study examines those issues in assessing the impact of the legislation on hospital worker percutaneous injuries.Methods.Using a historic prospective design, we analyzed injury data from 85 hospitals. Injury rates were calculated per 100 full-time equivalents, 100 staffed beds, and 100 admissions each year from 1995 to 2005. We compared changes for each denominator. We measured the proportion of the injury rate attributed to safety-engineered devices. Finally, we estimated a national change in injuries and associated costs.Results.For all denominators, a precipitous drop in injury rates of greater than one-third (P<.001) occurred in 2001, immediately following the legislation. The decrease was sustained through 2005. Concomitant with the decrease in rates, the proportion of injuries from safety-engineered devices nearly tripled (P <.001) across all denominators. We estimated annual reductions of more than 100,000 sharps injuries at a cost savings of $69-$415 million.Conclusions.While the data cannot demonstrate cause and effect, the evidence suggests a reduction in hospital worker injury rates related to the NSPA, regardless of denominator. It also suggests an association between the increase in safety-engineered devices and the reduction in overall injury rates. The decreases observed translate into significant reductions in injuries and associated costs.

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Garcia-Retamero, Rocio, Mirta Galesic et Gerd Gigerenzer. « Do Icon Arrays Help Reduce Denominator Neglect ? » Medical Decision Making 30, n^o 6 (18 mai 2010) : 672–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x10369000.

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Background and Objective. Denominator neglect is the focus on the number of times a target event has happened (e.g., the number of treated and nontreated patients who die) without considering the overall number of opportunities for it to happen (e.g., the overall number of treated and nontreated patients). In 2 studies, we addressed the effect of denominator neglect in problems involving treatment risk reduction where samples of treated and non-treated patients and the relative risk reduction were of different sizes. We also tested whether using icon arrays helps people take these different sample sizes into account. We especially focused on older adults, who are often more disadvantaged when making decisions about their health. Design. Study 1 was conducted on a laboratory sample using a within-subjects design; study 2 was conducted on a nonstudent sample interviewed through the Web using a between-subjects design. Outcome Measures. Accuracy of understanding risk reduction. Results. Participants often paid too much attention to numerators and insufficient attention to denominators when numerical information about treatment risk reduction was provided. Adding icon arrays to the numerical information, however, drew participants’ attention to the denominators and helped them make more accurate assessments of treatment risk reduction. Icon arrays were equally helpful to younger and older adults. Conclusions. Building on previous research showing that problems with understanding numerical information often do not reside in the mind but in the representation of the problem, the results show that icon arrays are an effective method of eliminating denominator neglect.

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Garcia-Retamero, Rocio, Yasmina Okan et Edward T. Cokely. « Using Visual Aids to Improve Communication of Risks about Health : A Review ». Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012) : 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/562637.

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Recent research has shown that patients frequently experience difficulties understanding health-relevant numerical concepts. A prominent example isdenominator neglect, or the tendency to pay too much attention to numerators in ratios (e.g., number of treated patients who died) with insufficient attention to denominators (e.g., overall number of treated patients). Denominator neglect can lead to inaccurate assessments of treatment risk reduction and thus can have important consequences for decisions about health. Here, we reviewed a series of studies investigating (1) different factors that can influence patients’ susceptibility to denominator neglect in medical decision making—including numerical or language-related abilities; (2) the extent to which denominator neglect can be attenuated by using visual aids; and (3) a factor that moderates the effectiveness of such aids (i.e., graph literacy). The review spans probabilistic national U.S. and German samples, as well as immigrant (i.e., Polish people living in the United Kingdom) and undergraduate samples in Spain. Theoretical and prescriptive implications are discussed.

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De Angelis, Livio, Lucrezia Dell'Acquila et Elisa Villani. « Stress traumatico e interventi di prevenzione per gli operatori delle professioni di aiuto e dei sistemi di soccorso in emergenza NUE 112 Lazio ». Rescue Press 02, n^o 02 (1 avril 2022) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.53767/rp.2022.02.01.it.

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Introduzione: Le professioni di aiuto: il contatto con la sofferenza altrui Tutti coloro che svolgono professioni d’aiuto, pur nella specificità di ciascun contesto, sono accomunati da un comune denominatore: il contatto continuo e prolungato con la sofferenza altrui. Tali professionisti, infatti, nello svolgimento della loro mansione, oltre alle competenze di natura tecnica, utilizzano anche e soprattutto abilità sociali e relazionali per soddisfare i bisogni di un’utenza che necessita urgentemente di aiuto. La caratteristica dell’urgenza crea le condizioni per cui una scelta sbagliata può diventare determinante per l’incolumità altrui. Gli operatori, in contesti emergenziali, si confrontano quotidianamente con il paradosso di “comportarsi come persone normali in situazioni anormali”. In tale scenario essi devono agire, rapidamente ed efficacemente, orientandosi al fare più che al sentire. Non è del tutto scontato che chi svolge un lavoro del genere sviluppi una forma di tolleranza alle emozioni generate da situazioni traumatiche. Il distanziamento emotivo è una risorsa di coping sicuramente funzionale per raggiungere l’obiettivo. Eppure tale distacco può diventare patologico quando l’operatore non è più in grado di entrare in contatto con le emozioni suscitate dall’evento traumatico, spinto dalla volontà non consapevole di voler aderire allo stereotipo dell’imperturbabilità. La conseguenza diretta di tale processo fa sì che si tendano a sovrastimare le proprie capacità, sperimentando un senso di inadeguatezza ancora maggiore quando per qualche ragione si perde il controllo.

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Scita, Franco, et Paolo Artoni. « Corpo e Autolesionismo : spunti di riflessione sui Disturbi dell'Alimentazione e sull'Autolesionismo in tempi di pandemia da SARS CoV-2 ». RIVISTA SPERIMENTALE DI FRENIATRIA 146, n^o 3 (décembre 2022) : 105–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/rsf2022-003006.

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Nel periodo pandemico da SARS-CoV-2, molti individui hanno vissuto profondi mutamenti nel loro vivere quotidiano. Questi cambiamenti hanno coinvolto non solo la nostra quotidianità ma anche il numero e le manifestazioni psicopatologiche che i clinici si trovano a dover affrontare. Un dato allarmante è l'aumento della frequenza di disturbi dell'alimentazione così come del fenomeno del Non-Suicidal Self Injury (NSSI) negli adolescenti. Sembra esserci un comune denominatore tra queste due manifestazioni psicopatologiche, un filo conduttore, tra il corpo e il gesto autolesivo, nel corso del tempo nella nostra società "consumistica": l'abbandono del tempo lento, riflessivo, introspettivo in favore della velocità e dell'alacrità dell'azione, che analizza e inganna rapidamente e immediatamente. L'offerta di una soluzione immediatamente pronta e disponibile, come il nuovo oggetto da conseguire e possedere, certamente lenisce il disagio, ma allo stesso tempo esilia il soggetto dal suo vero Sé, si allontana dalla sua ruvidezza, smussa gli spigoli senza tuttavia livellarli. In un'epoca in cui il trascorrere del tempo appare e deve essere sempre più veloce e più tumultuoso per far fronte al tempo che viene ulteriormente accelerato verso un obiettivo indefinito, secondo una pratica consumistica che non può consentire pause o rallentamenti, il corpo "fisico e materiale" sempre immediatamente disponibile si afferma come un luogo privilegiato ed esclusivo da cui versare l'unguento lenitivo, la "pozione magica" che risulta drammaticamente disfunzionale.

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Reimer, Laura, et Christine Dimroth. « Added Alternatives in Spoken Interaction : A Corpus Study on German Auch ». Languages 6, n^o 4 (15 octobre 2021) : 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages6040169.

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Particles such as German auch (‘also’) establish an additive relation between expressions in their scope (added constituent, AC) and context alternatives against the background of shared information (common denominator). In spoken interaction, however, explicit alternatives are not necessarily present and expressions can be construed as alternatives against different variants of a common denominator. It is the aim of the present paper to investigate to what extent the presence of alternatives influences the construction of utterances containing an additive particle. This is particularly relevant for German, where speakers can choose between an unstressed and stressed version of auch. We ask whether properties of the alternatives and their common denominators influence the choice to use stressed or unstressed auch. In a corpus study on spoken language, we classified the versions of auch, the particles AC, the alternatives in the preceding context and their common denominator. The results show that the speaker’s choice is influenced by the relation of the utterance to context alternatives. Specifically, the degree of explicitness of alternatives, the number of alternatives, and the degree of abstractness of the common denominator influence the continuation of the discourse, measured by the preference for one of the two variants of the particle auch.

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Ricchiardi, Paola, Emanuela M. Torre, Lara Colombo, Marilena Dellavalle, Chiara Ghislieri et Paola Torrioni. « Educatori, assistenti sociali, psicologi e insegnanti : uno strumento per l'autovalutazione delle rappresentazioni professionali degli studenti ». EDUCATIONAL REFLECTIVE PRACTICES, n^o 1 (avril 2021) : 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/erpoa1-2021oa11510.

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Le professioni in ambito socio-psico-educativo presentano in Italia percorsi di studio distinti, in ragione della necessità di formare professionisti con un profilo di competenze differenziato. Tuttavia le professioni definite "di cura", educative o "del sociale", vengono spesso considerate simili dagli studentiche si stanno orientando verso le stesse, in virtù di un presunto denominatore comune, connesso soprattutto al valore professionale trasversale dell'essere di aiuto agli altri e ai destinatari delle "azioni educative o di cura" (es. bambini, soggetti fragili). Non è infrequente riscontrare misconcezioni erappresentazioni errate non solo in fase di orientamento, ma anche negli studenti che sono già arrivati oltre la metà del proprio percorso di studi, con il rischio di generare abbandono, transizione tra più corsi o insoddisfazione professionale a medio e lungo termine. Risulta dunque importante accompagnare in maniera adeguata gli studenti a scegliere l'ambito professionale più rispondente alle proprie propensioni e attitudini, attraverso l'impiego di specifici strumenti di autovalutazione. A tal fine è stata predisposta una scala di autovalutazione per le professioni socio-psico-pedagogiche. Lo strumento è stato somministrato agli studenti del secondo/terzo anno dei percorsi di studio implicati (Scienze dell'educazione, Scienze e tecniche psicologiche, Servizio sociale e Scienze della formazione primaria), per individuare le misconcezioni che permangono più frequentemente, sulla base delle quali sono stati costruiti percorsi orientativi per le secondarie.

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Arvesú, Jorge, et Anier Soria-Lorente. « On Infinitely Many Rational Approximants to ζ(3) ». Mathematics 7, n^o 12 (3 décembre 2019) : 1176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math7121176.

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A set of second order holonomic difference equations was deduced from a set of simultaneous rational approximation problems. Some orthogonal forms involved in the approximation were used to compute the Casorati determinants for its linearly independent solutions. These solutions constitute the numerator and denominator sequences of rational approximants to ζ ( 3 ) . A correspondence from the set of parameters involved in the holonomic difference equation to the set of holonomic bi-sequences formed by these numerators and denominators appears. Infinitely many rational approximants can be generated.

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Tang, Melki Imamastri Puling, Yermia S. Wabang et Abraham Puling Tang. « PKM Penanaman Konsep Dasar Penjumlahan dan Pengurangan Pecahan pada Siswa- Siswi Kelas III di SD GMIT Abangiwang Kecamatan Pantar Timur Kabupaten Alor Tahun 2021 ». Prima Abdika : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 2, n^o 1 (2 mars 2022) : 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37478/abdika.v2i1.1708.

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Research through community service (CS) in Bunga Bali village, Pantar Timur sub-district, Alor. PKM instilling the basic concepts of addition and subtraction of fractions in 3rd grade students of SD GMIT Abangiwang is carried out with the aim of finding out the extent of students' knowledge of fractions, whether the denominator is the same or the denominator is different. This PKM activity offers planting the basic concept of multiplication as a reference in understanding fractions. In this PKM, it was found that there was an increase in students' understanding of mathematics, especially fractions in simple fractions, while in fractions whose denominators were not the same, it was necessary to emphasize to students to study harder. The average test result is 61.54% in the sufficient category. Factors causing difficulties in solving simple fractions based on the results of interviews with third grade homeroom teachers generally include interest and motivation, teacher factors, environmental factors, teacher factors, infrastructure factors, environmental factors, and the need for discipline during teaching and learning activities. Some of the 3rd grade students of SD GMIT Abangiwang still find it difficult to memorize multiplications from 1 to 10. This makes it difficult for students. This makes it difficult for them in the section on equating 'fractions with different denominators'. The researcher offers teachers in the field of study that they need to strengthen the basics of multiplication before discussing fractions material.

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Bottge, Brian A., Allan S. Cohen et Hye-Jeong Choi. « Comparisons of Mathematics Intervention Effects in Resource and Inclusive Classrooms ». Exceptional Children 84, n^o 2 (16 novembre 2017) : 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0014402917736854.

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In this article, we describe results of a reanalysis of two randomized studies that tested the effects of enhanced anchored instruction (EAI) on the fractions computation performance of students in special education resource rooms and inclusive mathematics classrooms. Latent class analysis and latent transition analysis classified students according to error subtypes and tracked their performance patterns. Results indicated that EAI was more effective than business as usual in reducing combining errors (e.g., adding denominators) and denominator errors (e.g., not finding common denominator) of students with disabilities (SWD) and students without disabilities in both settings. SWD in inclusive classrooms scored higher on the pretest than SWD in resource rooms, but EAI reduced the disparity on the posttest. An important additional finding revealed that the SWD who received more support from special education teachers in inclusive classrooms scored higher and made fewer errors than the SWD who were provided only limited support.

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Routledge, Norman. « Computing Farey Series ». Mathematical Gazette 92, n^o 523 (mars 2008) : 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002555720018252x.

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The Farey series of order n, Fn, consists of all the fractions between 0 and 1 (inclusive) with denominators less than or equal to n, arranged in order of magnitude and expressed in their lowest terms, so that for example The most obvious way of computing one is to assign a long series of stores and then insert the terms with denominator 1, with denominator 2, … , shifting the terms already there to make room for the new ones in their correct positions. This may require a large amount of storage and is fairly slow because of the large amount of shifting involved: for instance F1025 has 319765 terms, and occupies 400 printed pages (see Neville [1]). Neville also gives a table related to F100, which has 3045 terms. His procedures, a heroic application of pencil-and-paper methods, are described at the end of this paper.

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Jiao, Hong Wei, Kun Li, Jing Ben Yin et Yong Qiang Chen. « A Note on a Class of Optimization Problems in System Engineering ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 29-32 (août 2010) : 1063–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.29-32.1063.

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In this technical note, we develop an approach to globally solve a class of optimization problems in system engineering based on the recent paper ([1]). Actually the problem we investigated is more general, since we extend numerators and denominators of linear ratios to generalized polynomial functions. And we give a new linear relaxation method for obtaining the lower bound of problems. Our approach is easy to be implemented, since it need not additional special program to the upper and lower bound for numerator and denominator of each generalized polynomial ratio.

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Kong, Siu Cheung, et Lam For Kwok. « Modeling a cognitive tool for teaching the addition/subtraction of common fractions ». International Journal of Cognition and Technology 1, n^o 2 (31 décembre 2002) : 327–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijct.1.2.07kon.

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The case study reported here models a Cognitive Tool (CT) for primary school children to learn common fraction addition/subtraction with unlike denominators. In the study, we developed a CT based on a cognitive task analysis of the domain. We then observed how 12 learners used this CT to understand fraction operations based on a knowledge of fraction equivalence. Results of the study indicate that the support offered by the CT aids learners with higher ability in mathematics to produce cognitive residues. The graphical partitioning model helps to link the concrete operations of partitioning with the abstract idea of a common denominator required for adding/subtracting fractions with unlike denominators. However, learners who have failed to develop the knowledge of fraction equivalence, which includes the concept of equivalence and the ways of finding it, cannot gain much from working with the CT. A model of affordances for improving the design of the CT to meet the diverse needs of learners is discussed.

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Righetti, Timothy L., David R. Sandrock, Bernadine Strik, Carmo Vasconcelos, Yerko Moreno, Samuel Ortega-Farias et Pilar Bañados. « Analysis of Ratio-based Responses ». Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 132, n^o 1 (janvier 2007) : 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.132.1.3.

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It is not appropriate to compare ratio-based expressions for different cultivars or treatments if a plot of the denominator versus the numerator of a ratio-based expression has a nonzero y-intercept and the values for either the denominators or numerators differ with cultivars or treatments. Whenever nonzero y-intercepts are encountered, the value for a ratio-based expression will be dependent on both the denominator and numerator. The “ratio problem” is demonstrated with shoot N concentration in blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) and amino acid accumulation in almonds [Prunis dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb]. Data were collected from the first and second growth flush of blueberry shoots on plants that were at two in-row spacings and two rates of N fertilizer. Free amino acid:total amino acid ratios were measured in dormant almond trees fertilized at different rates with and without foliar N supplements. Functions describing the relationship between dry weight and total N content in blueberry tissues have positive y-intercepts for both N fertilizer application rates. Functions describing the relationship between total amino acids and free amino acids in almond trees have a negative y-intercept. Differences attributable to fertilization rate in blueberries probably were the result of differences in N uptake and N utilization, but the effects of spacing and growth flush are indirect and can be accounted for by differences in dry weight. Likewise, effects of fertilization rate and foliar N supplement in almonds are indirect and can be accounted for by differences in the total amino acids in dormant trees. With regression one can determine if the relationship between the denominator and numerator differs for the groups or treatments being studied. When an analysis of covariance is used to account for differences in the denominators of ratio-based expressions, results are consistent with the regression analysis. When a conclusion is based on statistical differences of a ratio-based expression, it is the researcher's responsibility to determine whether these effects are direct or indirect.

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Couk, Jesse, Sheri Chernetsky Tejedor, James P. Steinberg, Chad Robichaux et Jesse T. Jacob. « Impact of multiple concurrent central lines on central-line–associated bloodstream infection rates ». Infection Control & ; Hospital Epidemiology 40, n^o 9 (24 juillet 2019) : 1019–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2019.180.

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AbstractBackground:The current methodology for calculating central-line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rates, used for pay-for-performance measures, does not account for multiple concurrent central lines.Objective:To compare CLABSI rates using standard National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) denominators to rates accounting for multiple concurrent central lines.Design:Descriptive analysis and retrospective cohort analysis.Methods:We identified all adult patients with central lines at 2 academic medical centers over an 18-month period. CLABSI rates were calculated for intensive care units (ICUs) and non-ICUs using the standard NHSN methodology and denominator (a patient could only have 1 central-line day for a given patient day) and a modified denominator (number of central lines in 1 patient in 1 day count as number of line days). We also compared characteristics of patients with and without multiple concurrent central lines.Results:Among 18,521 hospital admissions, there were 156,574 central-line days and 239 CLABSIs (ICU, 105; non-ICU, 134). Our modified denominator reduced CLABSI rates by 25% in ICUs (1.95 vs 1.47 per 1,000 line days) and 6% (1.30 vs 1.22 per 1,000 line days) in non-ICUs. Patients with multiple concurrent central lines were more likely to be in an ICU, to have a longer admission, to have a dialysis catheter, and to have a CLABSI.Conclusions:Using the number of central lines as the denominator decreased CLABSI rates in ICUs by 25%. The presence of multiple concurrent central lines may be a marker of severity of illness. The risk of CLABSI per lumen of a central line is similar in ICUs compared to wards.

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Wegman, Myron E. « Annual Summary of Vital Statistics—1988 ». Pediatrics 84, n^o 6 (1 décembre 1989) : 943–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.84.6.943.

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Data for this article, as in previous reports, are drawn principally from Monthly Vital Statistics Report, published by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). US data for 1988 come from the NCHS annual summary and are estimates by place of occurrence, based upon a count of all certificates received in state offices between two dates, 1 month apart, regardless of when the event occurred. Mortality data by cause and age, however, come from the Current Mortality Sample, a systematic 10% sample of those certificates. For the United States as a whole, the estimates, with few exceptions, have proved to be close to the subsequent final figures. There are considerable variations in some states, however, because provisional figures are by place of occurrence. Advance final reports for births, deaths (including infant deaths), marriages, and divorces provide more detail on items like age, sex, race, education, and certain indices of health care. These reports are by place of residence for births and deaths but marriages and divorces are by place of occurrence. Careful attention should be paid to differing denominators in text and tables. For overall rates, like the birth rate or death rate, the standard denominator is 1000 total population. In instances in which more refined analysis is possible, other denominators are used, such as 100 000 for cause of death data. The particular denominator is indicated in each table. The international data come from the annual Demographic Yearbook and the quarterly Population and Vital Statistics Report, both published by the Statistical Office of the United Nations, which has also been kind enough to provide directly more recent data reported by various countries.

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Bronić, Ana, Desiree Coen Herak, Jasna Leniček Krleža, Vanja Radišić Biljak, Branka Krešić, Marija Milić et Sandra Margetić. « Reporting of activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) : Could we achieve better comparability of the results ? » Biochemia medica 31, n^o 2 (15 juin 2021) : 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.11613/bm.2021.020708.

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Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is determined and reported as clotting time in seconds aPTT(s), but it is presumed that reporting results as patient-to-normal clotting time ratio, aPTT(r), could minimize within-laboratory variability. The aim of study was to investigate differences in reporting aPTT results that can affect comparability of the results among Croatian laboratories and suggest further steps for its harmonization. The questionnaire on aPTT reporting practice was distributed to 83 laboratories through Survey Monkey application in March 2019 as the part of the first regular round of Croatian Centre for Quality Assessment in Laboratory Medicine proficiency testing. The survey response rate was 0.49. Majority of laboratories report aPTT results as both, seconds and ratio. Participants reported use of 23 different aPTT(s) reference intervals along with 17 different combinations of reagent/coagulometer and 25 aPTT(s) denominators of different origin for aPTT(r) calculation. Despite the same aPTT(s) results, the use of different denominators caused a dispersion of aPTT(r) results that can lead to exceeding external quality assessment performance criteria of 7%, particularly when results were compared for the same reagent group only. By applying aPTT(s) reference interval mean as denominator for calculation of aPTT(r) reference interval better concordance to harmonized one was obtained (17 vs. 27; χ2 = 3.972; P = 0.046). In order to improve comparability of the results, laboratories are advised to use mean of aPTT(s) reference interval as denominator for aPTT(r) calculation. Type of coagulometer need to be considered when evaluating aPTT proficiency test results and its currently acceptable limit of performance evaluated accordingly.

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Rossi, Sandrine, Julie Vidal, Marie Letang, Olivier Houdé et Grégoire Borst. « Adolescents and adults need inhibitory control to compare fractions ». Journal of Numerical Cognition 5, n^o 3 (20 décembre 2019) : 314–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jnc.v5i3.197.

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For children, adolescents and educated adults, comparing fractions with common numerators (e.g., 4/5 vs. 4/9) is more challenging than comparing fractions with common denominators (e.g., 3/4 vs. 6/4) or fractions with no common components (e.g., 5/7 vs. 6/2). Errors are related to the tendency to rely on the “greater the whole number, the greater the fraction” strategy, according to which 4/9 seems larger than 4/5 because 9 is larger than 5. We aimed to determine whether the ability of adolescents and educated adults to compare fractions with common numerators was rooted in part in their ability to inhibit the use of this misleading strategy by adapting the negative priming paradigm. We found that participants were slower to compare the magnitude of two fractions with common denominators after they compared the magnitude of two fractions with common numerators than after they decided which of two fractions possessed a denominator larger than the numerator. The negative priming effects reported suggest that inhibitory control is needed at all ages to avoid errors when comparing fractions with common numerators.

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Fanaroff, A. A. « Survival rates in extremely low birthweight infants depend on the denominator : avoiding potential for bias by specifying denominators ». Yearbook of Neonatal and Perinatal Medicine 2012 (janvier 2012) : 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ynpm.2012.06.011.

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Guillen, Úrsula, Sara DeMauro, Li Ma, John Zupancic, Eileen Wang, Amiram Gafni et Haresh Kirpalani. « Survival rates in extremely low birthweight infants depend on the denominator : avoiding potential for bias by specifying denominators ». American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 205, n^o 4 (octobre 2011) : 329.e1–329.e7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2011.05.032.

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Harman, Glyn. « Numbers badly approximate by fractions with prime denominator ». Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 118, n^o 1 (juillet 1995) : 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305004100073400.

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We write ‖x‖ to denote the least distance from x to an integer, and write p for a prime variable. Duffin and Schaeffer [l] showed that for almost all real α the inequalityhas infinitely many solutions if and only ifdiverges. Thus f(x) = (x log log (10x))−1 is a suitable choice to obtain infinitely many solutions for almost all α. It has been shown [2] that for all real irrational α there are infinitely many solutions to (1) with f(p) = p−/13. We will show elsewhere that the exponent can be increased to 7/22. A very strong result on primes in arithmetic progressions (far stronger than anything within reach at the present time) would lead to an improvement on this result. On the other hand, it is very easy to find irrational a such that no convergent to its continued fraction expansion has prime denominator (for example (45– √10)/186 does not even have a square-free denominator in its continued fraction expansion, since the denominators are alternately divisible by 4 and 9).

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Elliott, Peter J. « La prospettiva etica nella Conferenza ONU di Pechino sulla donna ». Medicina e Morale 44, n^o 6 (31 décembre 1995) : 1175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mem.1995.957.

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L'articolo analizza quale sia stata l'etica dominante durante i lavori della recente IV Conferenza Internazionale sulla Donna svoltasi a Pechino dal 4 al 15 settembre 1995. In generale, durante tutte le Conferenze Onu - ed anche la manifestazione di Pechino non fa eccezione - ci si riferisce ad un'etica basata sul consenso fra tutte le nazioni secondo il principio del "minimo comun denominatore". Da questa premessa, ne deriva il ruolo importante svolto dai sostenitori di un'etica imperniata sul pragmatismo e l'utilitarismo, i quali rifiutano qualsiasi fondazione metafisica o religiosa. A queste correnti di pensiero si rifanno anche i movimenti femministi che a Pechino hanno improntato la stesura del documento finale (Piatform for Action). In esso traspare l'individualismo liberale che privilegia l'autonomia e l'autodeterminazione della donna, la quale può, ad esempio, arrivare al punto di negare al nascituro il diritto alla vita, perché considerato parte del corpo della donna e, quindi, ad essa soggetto. Termini come reproductive rights, reproductive health, fertility control, sexual rights, sexual orientation sono stati proposti durante la Conferenza secondo la logica sopra illustrata. Gli stessi diritti umani, così, non sono considerati giustamente quali principi universali fondati sul diritto naturale, bensì come adattamenti, vantaggi o privilegi concessi alle persone secondo il consenso sociale e lo sviluppo delle leggi. La Santa Sede - che ha partecipato sia alla fase preparatoria che ai lavori della Conferenza di Pechino - non ha mancato di far sempre presente - sia in riferimento al Documento preparatorio che alla Pllltfonn for Action - tutte le proprie riserve sulle dichiarazioni che non rispondono al pieno rispetto del principio dell'inviolabilità della vita umana fin dal momento del suo concepimento e dell'inalienabilità della dignità di ciascun individuo.

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Saﬁna, R. M. « DIRICHLET PROBLEM FOR PULKIN’S EQUATION IN A RECTANGULAR DOMAIN ». Vestnik of Samara University. Natural Science Series 20, n^o 10 (29 mai 2017) : 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2541-7525-2014-20-10-91-101.

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In the given article for the mixed-type equation with a singular coeﬃcient the ﬁrst boundary value problem is studied. On the basis of property of completeness of the system of own functions of one-dimensional spectral problem the criterion of uniqueness is established. The solution the problem is constructed as the sum of series of Fourier - Bessel. At justiﬁcation of convergence of a row there is a problem of small denominators. In connection with that the assessment about apartness of small denominator from zero with the corresponding asymptotic which allows to prove the convergence of the series constructed in a class of regular solutions under some restrictions is given.

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Libby, Tanya E., Megan C. Lindley, Suchita A. Lorick, Taranisia MacCannell, Soo-Jeong Lee, Carmela Smith, Anita Geevarughese, Monear Makvandi, David A. Nace et Faruque Ahmed. « Reliability and Validity of a Standardized Measure of Influenza Vaccination Coverage among Healthcare Personnel ». Infection Control & ; Hospital Epidemiology 34, n^o 4 (avril 2013) : 335–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/669859.

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Objective.To evaluate the reliability and validity of a standardized measure of healthcare personnel (HCP) influenza vaccination.Setting.Acute care hospitals, long-term care facilities, ambulatory surgery centers, physician practices, and dialysis centers from 3 US jurisdictions.Participants.Staff from 96 healthcare facilities randomly sampled from 234 facilities that completed pilot testing to assess the feasibility of the measure.Methods.Reliability was assessed by comparing agreement between facility staff and project staff on the classification of HCP numerator (vaccinated at facility, vaccinated elsewhere, contraindicated, declined) and denominator (employees, credentialed nonemployees, other nonemployees) categories. To assess validity, facility staff completed a series of case studies to evaluate how closely classification of HCP groups aligned with the measure's specifications. In a modified Delphi process, experts rated face validity of the proposed measure elements on a Likert-type scale.Results.Percent agreement was high for HCP vaccinated at the facility (99%) and elsewhere (95%) and was lower for HCP who declined vaccination (64%) or were medically contraindicated (64%). While agreement was high (more than 90%) for all denominator categories, many facilities' staff excluded nonemployees for whom numerator and denominator status was difficult to determine. Validity was lowest for credentialed and other nonemployees.Conclusions.The standardized measure of HCP influenza vaccination yields reproducible results for employees vaccinated at the facility and elsewhere. Adhering to true medical contraindications and tracking decimations should improve reliability. Difficulties in establishing denominators and determining vaccination status for credentialed and other nonemployees challenged the measure's validity and prompted revision to include a more limited group of nonemployees.

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Marangella, Martino, Cristiana Bagnis, Francesca Bermond, Silvia Berutti, Laura Fabbrini, Paolo Gabella, Cristina Marcuccio, Giorgio Soragna, Alberto Tricerri et Corrado Vitale. « Update sulla calcolosi renale ». Giornale di Clinica Nefrologica e Dialisi 25, n^o 4 (1 septembre 2014) : 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.33393/gcnd.2013.1061.

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Molti lavori recenti analizzano l'associazione fra calcolosi renale e altre patologie non trasmissibili tipiche dei paesi industrializzati. I dati epidemiologici, su casistiche ampie, indicano un aumento di incidenza della calcolosi in pazienti con sindrome metabolica, obesità e ipertensione. Viene anche descritto un aumento del rischio di infarto miocardico e di ictus nei litiasici. Si ipotizza che il denominatore comune in queste patologie sia l'aumento della resistenza all'insulina. Questo causa alterazioni della biochimica urinaria, pH più acido e riduzione della citraturia, tali da aumentare il rischio litogeno. Nel ratto diabetico è stata descritta una steatosi renale che riduce l'ammoniogenesi e che è reversibile con una terapia con PPARγ. Il pioglitazone è stato efficace nel ridurre il danno renale indotto nel ratto da etilen glicole. Altra associazione nota è quella fra calcolosi renale e gotta. Due recenti studi documentano un'incidenza della calcolosi calcica e non solo urica nella gotta, con anomalie metaboliche in parte simili a quelle dei pazienti non gottosi. L'indagine TC mostra che l'incidenza di calcolosi è sottostimata nella gotta e, inoltre, la calcolosi, in alcuni pazienti, precede anche di molti anni l'attacco gottoso. Un altro argomento analizza il potenziale effetto che favorisce la calcolosi nelle donne trattate con calcio e vitamina D. Emergono un modesto ma significativo aumento del rischio litogeno indipendente da altre covariabili e un conseguente invito all'attenta valutazione del rapporto rischio/beneficio. La chirurgia bariatrica per la correzione della grave obesità era, in passato, gravata da un elevato rischio di calcolosi renale iperossalurica con quadri anche di ossalosi severa. Negli ultimi anni si sono diffuse tecniche meno litogene come il bendaggio gastrico e il bypass gastrico alla Roux. Iperossaluria e ipocitraturia conseguono a questi interventi e il rischio di calcolosi è di gran lunga inferiore, ma restano segnalazioni in letteratura di casi di ossalosi renale specialmente dopo bypass gastrico alla Roux.

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Jie, Yun. « Frequency or total number ? A comparison of different presentation formats on risk perception during COVID-19 ». Judgment and Decision Making 17, n^o 1 (janvier 2022) : 215–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500009086.

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Abstract Curbing the COVID-19 pandemic remains an ongoing global challenge. Institutions often release information about confirmed COVID-19 cases by citing the total number of cases (e.g., 100,000), their (relative) frequency (e.g., 100 per 1,000,000), or occasionally their proportion (e.g., 0.0001) in a region. I compared the effect of these three presentation formats — total cases, frequency, and proportion — on people’s perceived risk. I found people perceived a higher risk of COVID-19 from a total-cases format than from frequency formats when the denominators are relatively small, and the lowest risk from a proportion format. Correspondingly, people underestimated total infections when given frequency and overestimated frequency when given total number of cases. Additional comparisons were made among mathematically equivalent variations of frequency formats (e.g., 1 in 100, 10 in 1,000, 1,000 in 10,000, etc.). The results provided qualified support for denominator neglect, which seems to occur in bins into which denominators are grouped (e.g., 1–1000, 10000–100000), such that only across bins could participants perceive differences. Finally, a mixed format of proportion and total cases reduced perceived risks from total cases alone, while a mixed format of frequency and total cases failed to produce similar results. I conclude by providing concrete suggestions regarding COVID-19 information releases.

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Meert, Gaëlle, Jacques Grégoire et Marie-Pascale Noël. « Rational numbers : Componential versus holistic representation of fractions in a magnitude comparison task ». Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 62, n^o 8 (août 2009) : 1598–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470210802511162.

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This study investigated whether the mental representation of the fraction magnitude was componential and/or holistic in a numerical comparison task performed by adults. In Experiment 1, the comparison of fractions with common numerators (x/a_x/b) and of fractions with common denominators (a/x_b/x) primed the comparison of natural numbers. In Experiment 2, fillers (i.e., fractions without common components) were added to reduce the regularity of the stimuli. In both experiments, distance effects indicated that participants compared the numerators for a/x_b/x fractions, but that the magnitudes of the whole fractions were accessed and compared for x/a_x/b fractions. The priming effect of x/a_x/b fractions on natural numbers suggested that the interference of the denominator magnitude was controlled during the comparison of these fractions. These results suggested a hybrid representation of their magnitude (i.e., componential and holistic). In conclusion, the magnitude of the whole fraction can be accessed, probably by estimating the ratio between the magnitude of the denominator and the magnitude of the numerator. However, adults might prefer to rely on the magnitudes of the components and compare the magnitudes of the whole fractions only when the use of a componential strategy is made difficult.

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Potter, Polyxeni. « Uncommon Denominators ». Emerging Infectious Diseases 13, n^o 12 (décembre 2007) : 1974–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1312.000000.

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Jiann, Bang-Ping. « Denominators Matter ». Journal of Sexual Medicine 12, n^o 10 (octobre 2015) : 2084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jsm.12981.

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Viel, Jean-François, et Annelise Tran. « Estimating Denominators ». Epidemiology 20, n^o 2 (mars 2009) : 214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ede.0b013e31819670dc.

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Berele, Allan, et Stefan Catoiu. « Rationalizing Denominators ». Mathematics Magazine 88, n^o 2 (avril 2015) : 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4169/math.mag.88.2.121.

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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Denominatore »

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