Articles de revues : « DENDRIMERIC PEPTIDES »

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Pini, Alessandro, Andrea Giuliani, Chiara Falciani, Ylenia Runci, Claudia Ricci, Barbara Lelli, Monica Malossi, Paolo Neri, Gian Maria Rossolini et Luisa Bracci. « Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Dendrimeric Peptides Obtained by Phage Display Selection and Rational Modification ». Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 49, n^o 7 (juillet 2005) : 2665–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.49.7.2665-2672.2005.

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ABSTRACT A large 10-mer phage peptide library was panned against whole Escherichia coli cells, and an antimicrobial peptide (QEKIRVRLSA) was selected. The peptide was synthesized in monomeric and dendrimeric tetrabranched form (multiple antigen peptide [MAP]), which generally allows a dramatic increase of peptide stability to peptidases and proteases. The antibacterial activity of the dendrimeric peptide against E. coli was much higher than that of the monomeric form. Modification of the original sequence, by residue substitution or sequence shortening, produced three different MAPs, M4 (QAKIRVRLSA), M5 (KIRVRLSA), and M6 (QKKIRVRLSA) with enhanced stability to natural degradation and antimicrobial activity against a large panel of gram-negative bacteria. The MICs of the most potent peptide, M6, were as low as 4 to 8 μg/ml against recent clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and members of the Enterobacteriaceae. The same dendrimeric peptides showed high stability to blood proteases, low hemolytic activity, and low cytotoxic effects on eukaryotic cells, making them promising candidates for the development of new antibacterial drugs.

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Tam, James P., Yi-An Lu et Jin-Long Yang. « Antimicrobial dendrimeric peptides ». European Journal of Biochemistry 269, n^o 3 (1 février 2002) : 923–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0014-2956.2001.02728.x.

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Wan, Jingjing, Mehdi Mobli, Andreas Brust, Markus Muttenthaler, Åsa Andersson, Lotten Ragnarsson, Joel Castro et al. « Synthesis of Multivalent [Lys8]-Oxytocin Dendrimers that Inhibit Visceral Nociceptive Responses ». Australian Journal of Chemistry 70, n^o 2 (2017) : 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch16407.

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Peptide dendrimers are a novel class of precisely defined macromolecules of emerging interest. Here, we describe the synthesis, structure, binding affinity, receptor selectivity, functional activity, and antinociceptive properties of oxytocin-related dendrimers containing up to 16 copies of [Lys8]-oxytocin or LVT. These were generated using a copper(i)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) reaction with azido-pegylated LVT peptides on an alkyne–polylysine scaffold. 2D NMR analysis demonstrated that each attached LVT ligand was freely rotating and maintained identical 3D structures in each dendrimeric macromolecule. The binding affinity Ki at the oxytocin receptor increased approximately 17-, 12-, 3-, and 1.5-fold respectively for the 2-, 4-, 8-, and 16-mer dendrimeric LVT conjugates, compared with monomer azido-pegylated LVT (Ki = 9.5 nM), consistent with a multivalency effect. A similar trend in affinity was also observed at the related human V1a, V1b, and V2 receptors, with no significant selectivity change observed across this family of receptors. All LVT dendrimers were functionally active in vitro on human oxytocin receptors and inhibited colonic nociceptors potently in a mouse model of chronic abdominal pain.

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Donalisio, Manuela, Marco Rusnati, Andrea Civra, Antonella Bugatti, Donatella Allemand, Giovanna Pirri, Andrea Giuliani, Santo Landolfo et David Lembo. « Identification of a Dendrimeric Heparan Sulfate-Binding Peptide That Inhibits Infectivity of Genital Types of Human Papillomaviruses ». Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 54, n^o 10 (19 juillet 2010) : 4290–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00471-10.

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ABSTRACT Peptide dendrimers consist of a peptidyl branching core and/or covalently attached surface functional units. They show a variety of biological properties, including antiviral activity. In this study, a minilibrary of linear, dimeric, and dendrimeric peptides containing clusters of basic amino acids was evaluated for in vitro activity against human papillomaviruses (HPVs). The peptide dendrimer SB105-A10 was found to be a potent inhibitor of genital HPV types (i.e., types 16, 18, and 6) in pseudovirus-based neutralization assays. The 50% inhibitory concentration was between 2.8 and 4.2 μg/ml (0.59 and 0.88 μM), and no evidence of cytotoxicity was observed. SB105-A10 interacts with immobilized heparin and with heparan sulfates exposed on the cell surface, most likely preventing virus attachment. The findings from this study indicate SB105-A10 to be a leading candidate compound for further development as an active ingredient of a topical microbicide against HPV and other sexually transmitted viral infections.

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Bober, Zuzanna, Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher et David Aebisher. « Application of Dendrimers in Anticancer Diagnostics and Therapy ». Molecules 27, n^o 10 (18 mai 2022) : 3237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27103237.

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The application of dendrimeric constructs in medical diagnostics and therapeutics is increasing. Dendrimers have attracted attention due to their compact, spherical three-dimensional structures with surfaces that can be modified by the attachment of various drugs, hydrophilic or hydrophobic groups, or reporter molecules. In the literature, many modified dendrimer systems with various applications have been reported, including drug and gene delivery systems, biosensors, bioimaging contrast agents, tissue engineering, and therapeutic agents. Dendrimers are used for the delivery of macromolecules, miRNAs, siRNAs, and many other various biomedical applications, and they are ideal carriers for bioactive molecules. In addition, the conjugation of dendrimers with antibodies, proteins, and peptides allows for the design of vaccines with highly specific and predictable properties, and the role of dendrimers as carrier systems for vaccine antigens is increasing. In this work, we will focus on a review of the use of dendrimers in cancer diagnostics and therapy. Dendrimer-based nanosystems for drug delivery are commonly based on polyamidoamine dendrimers (PAMAM) that can be modified with drugs and contrast agents. Moreover, dendrimers can be successfully used as conjugates that deliver several substances simultaneously. The potential to develop dendrimers with multifunctional abilities has served as an impetus for the design of new molecular platforms for medical diagnostics and therapeutics.

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Soria, I., V. Quattrocchi, C. Langellotti, M. Pérez-Filgueira, J. Pega, V. Gnazzo, S. Romera et al. « Immune Response and Partial Protection against Heterologous Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Induced by Dendrimer Peptides in Cattle ». Journal of Immunology Research 2018 (2018) : 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3497401.

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Synthetic peptides mimicking protective B- and T-cell epitopes are good candidates for safer, more effective FMD vaccines. Nevertheless, previous studies of immunization with linear peptides showed that they failed to induce solid protection in cattle. Dendrimeric peptides displaying two or four copies of a peptide corresponding to the B-cell epitope VP1 [136–154] of type O FMDV (O/UKG/11/2001) linked through thioether bonds to a single copy of the T-cell epitope 3A [21–35] (termed B2T and B4T, resp.) afforded protection in vaccinated pigs. In this work, we show that dendrimeric peptides B2T and B4T can elicit specific humoral responses in cattle and confer partial protection against the challenge with a heterologous type O virus (O1/Campos/Bra/58). This protective response correlated with the induction of specific T-cells as well as with an anamnestic antibody response upon virus challenge, as shown by the detection of virus-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASC) in lymphoid tissues distal from the inoculation point.

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Chen, Xi, Mi Zhang, Chunhui Zhou, Neville R. Kallenbach et Dacheng Ren. « Control of Bacterial Persister Cells by Trp/Arg-Containing Antimicrobial Peptides ». Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, n^o 14 (27 mai 2011) : 4878–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02440-10.

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ABSTRACTPersister cells are dormant phenotypic variants inherent in a bacterial population. They play important roles in chronic infections and present great challenges to therapy due to extremely enhanced tolerance to antibiotics compared to that of normal cells of the same genotype. In this study, we report that cationic membrane-penetrating peptides containing various numbers of arginine and tryptophan repeats are effective in killing persister cells ofEscherichia coliHM22, a hyper-persister producer. The activities of three linear peptides [(RW)n-NH2, wherenis 2, 3, or 4] and a dendrimeric peptide, (RW)4D, in killing bacterial persisters were compared. Although the dendrimeric peptide (RW)4Drequires a lower threshold to kill planktonic persisters, octameric peptide (RW)4-NH2is the most effective against planktonic persister cells at high concentrations. For example, treatment with 80 μM (RW)4-NH2for 60 min led to a 99.7% reduction in the number of viable persister cells. The viability of persister cells residing in surface-attached biofilms was also significantly reduced by (RW)4-NH2and (RW)4D. These two peptides were also found to significantly enhance the susceptibility of biofilm cells to ofloxacin. The potency of (RW)4-NH2was further marked by its ability to disperse and kill preformed biofilms harboring high percentages of persister cells. Interestingly, approximately 70% of the dispersed cells were found to have lost their intrinsic tolerance and become susceptible to ampicillin if not killed directly by this peptide. These results are helpful for better understanding the activities of these peptides and may aid in future development of more effective therapies of chronic infections.

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Blanco, Esther, Carolina Cubillos, Noelia Moreno, Juan Bárcena, Beatriz G. de la Torre, David Andreu et Francisco Sobrino. « B Epitope Multiplicity and B/T Epitope Orientation Influence Immunogenicity of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Peptide Vaccines ». Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2013 (2013) : 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/475960.

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Synthetic peptides incorporating protective B- and T-cell epitopes are candidates for new safer foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines. We have reported that dendrimeric peptides including four copies of a B-cell epitope (VP1 136 to 154) linked to a T-cell epitope (3A 21 to 35) of FMD virus (FMDV) elicit potent B- and T-cell specific responses and confer protection to viral challenge, while juxtaposition of these epitopes in a linear peptide induces less efficient responses. To assess the relevance of B-cell epitope multivalency, dendrimers bearing two (B2T) or four (B4T) copies of the B-cell epitope from type O FMDV (a widespread circulating serotype) were tested in CD1 mice and showed that multivalency is advantageous over simple B-T-epitope juxtaposition, resulting in efficient induction of neutralizing antibodies and optimal release of IFNγ. Interestingly, the bivalent B2T construction elicited similar or even better B- and T-cell specific responses than tetravalent B4T. In addition, the presence of the T-cell epitope and its orientation were shown to be critical for the immunogenicity of the linear juxtaposed monovalent peptides analyzed in parallel. Taken together, our results provide useful insights for a more accurate design of FMD subunit vaccines.

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Khan, Arif Iftikhar, Shahzad Nazir, Aaqib Ullah, Muhammad Nadeem ul Haque, Rukesh Maharjan, Shabana U. Simjee, Hamza Olleik, Elise Courvoisier-Dezord, Marc Maresca et Farzana Shaheen. « Design, Synthesis and Characterization of [G10a]-Temporin SHa Dendrimers as Dual Inhibitors of Cancer and Pathogenic Microbes ». Biomolecules 12, n^o 6 (31 mai 2022) : 770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12060770.

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As the technologies for peptide synthesis and development continue to mature, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are being widely studied as significant contributors in medicinal chemistry research. Furthermore, the advancement in the synthesis of dendrimers’ design makes dendrimers wonderful nanostructures with distinguishing properties. This study foregrounds a temporin SHa analog, [G10a]-SHa, and its dendrimers as globular macromolecules possessing anticancer and antibacterial activities. These architectures of temporin SHa, named as [G10a]-SHa, its dendrimeric analogs [G10a]2-SHa and [G10a]3-SHa, and [G10a]2-SHa conjugated with a polymer molecule, i.e., Jeff-[G10a]2-SHa, were synthesized, purified on RP-HPLC and UPLC and fully characterized by mass, NMR spectroscopic techniques, circular dichroism, ultraviolet, infrared, dynamic light scattering, and atomic force microscopic studies. In pH- and temperature-dependent studies, all of the peptide dendrimers were found to be stable in the temperature range up to 40–60 °C and pH values in the range of 6–12. Biological-activity studies showed these peptide dendrimers possessed improved antibacterial activity against different strains of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. Together, these dendrimers also possessed potent selective antiproliferative activity against human cancer cells originating from different organs (breast, lung, prostate, pancreas, and liver). The high hemolytic activity of [G10a]2-SHa and [G10a]3-SHa dendrimers, however, limits their use for topical treatment, such as in the case of skin infection. On the contrary, the antibacterial and anticancer activities of Jeff-[G10a]2-SHa, associated with its low hemolytic action, make it potentially suitable for systemic treatment.

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Scorciapino, Mariano, Ilaria Serra, Giorgia Manzo et Andrea Rinaldi. « Antimicrobial Dendrimeric Peptides : Structure, Activity and New Therapeutic Applications ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18, n^o 3 (3 mars 2017) : 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms18030542.

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Grassi, Lucia, Arianna Pompilio, Esingül Kaya, Andrea C. Rinaldi, Enrico Sanjust, Giuseppantonio Maisetta, Aurélie Crabbé, Giovanni Di Bonaventura, Giovanna Batoni et Semih Esin. « The Anti-Microbial Peptide (Lin-SB056-1)2-K Reduces Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Release through Interaction with Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lipopolysaccharide ». Antibiotics 9, n^o 9 (8 septembre 2020) : 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9090585.

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The ability of many anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) to modulate the host immune response has highlighted their possible therapeutic use to reduce uncontrolled inflammation during chronic infections. In the present study, we examined the anti-inflammatory potential of the semi-synthetic peptide lin-SB056-1 and its dendrimeric derivative (lin-SB056-1)2-K, which were previously found to have anti-microbial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in in vivo-like models mimicking the challenging environment of chronically infected lungs (i.e., artificial sputum medium and 3-D lung mucosa model). The dendrimeric derivative exerted a stronger anti-inflammatory activity than its monomeric counterpart towards lung epithelial- and macrophage-cell lines stimulated with P. aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS), based on a marked decrease (up to 80%) in the LPS-induced production of different pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e., IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8). Accordingly, (lin-SB056-1)2-K exhibited a stronger LPS-binding affinity than its monomeric counterpart, thereby suggesting a role of peptide/LPS neutralizing interactions in the observed anti-inflammatory effect. Along with the anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm properties, the anti-inflammatory activity of (lin-SB056-1)2-K broadens its therapeutic potential in the context of chronic (biofilm-associated) infections.

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Defaus, Sira, Mar Forner, Rodrigo Cañas-Arranz, Patricia de León, María J. Bustos, Miguel Rodríguez-Pulido, Esther Blanco, Francisco Sobrino et David Andreu. « Designing Functionally Versatile, Highly Immunogenic Peptide-Based Multiepitopic Vaccines against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus ». Vaccines 8, n^o 3 (22 juillet 2020) : 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030406.

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A broadly protective and biosafe vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) remains an unmet need in the animal health sector. We have previously reported solid protection against serotype O FMDV afforded by dendrimeric peptide structures harboring virus-specific B- and T-cell epitopes, and also shown such type of multivalent presentations to be advantageous over simple B-T-epitope linear juxtaposition. Chemically, our vaccine platforms are modular constructions readily made from specified B- and T-cell epitope precursor peptides that are conjugated in solution. With the aim of developing an improved version of our formulations to be used for on-demand vaccine applications, we evaluate in this study a novel design for epitope presentation to the immune system based on a multiple antigen peptide (MAP) containing six immunologically relevant motifs arranged in dendrimeric fashion (named B2T-TB2). Interestingly, two B2T units fused tail-to-tail into a single homodimer platform elicited higher B- and T-cell specific responses than former candidates, with immunization scores remaining stable even after 4 months. Moreover, this macromolecular assembly shows consistent immune response in swine, the natural FMDV host, at reduced dose. Thus, our versatile, immunogenic prototype can find application in the development of peptide-based vaccine candidates for various therapeutic uses using safer and more efficacious vaccination regimens.

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Sowińska, Marta, Monika Szeliga, Maja Morawiak, Barbara Zabłocka et Zofia Urbanczyk-Lipkowska. « Design, Synthesis and Activity of New N1-Alkyl Tryptophan Functionalized Dendrimeric Peptides against Glioblastoma ». Biomolecules 12, n^o 8 (13 août 2022) : 1116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12081116.

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Background: Due to resistance to conventional therapy, a blood–brain barrier that results in poor drug delivery, and a high potential for metastasis, glioblastoma (GBM) presents a great medical challenge. Since the repertoire of the possible therapies is very limited, novel therapeutic strategies require new drugs as well as new approaches. The multiple roles played by L-tryptophan (Trp) in tumorigenesis of GBM and the previously found antiproliferative properties of Trp-bearing dendrimers against this malignancy prompted us to design novel polyfunctional peptide-based dendrimers covalently attached to N1-alkyl tryptophan (Trp) residues. Their antiproliferative properties against GBM and normal human astrocytes (NHA) and their antioxidant potential were tested. Methods: Two groups of amphiphilic peptide dendrimers terminated with N1-butyl and N1-aminopentane tryptophan were designed. The influence of dendrimers on viability of NHA and human GBM cell lines, displaying different genetic backgrounds and tumorigenic potentials, was determined by the MTT test. The influence of compounds on the clonogenic potential of GBM cells was assessed by colony-formation assay. Dendrimers were tested for radical scavenging potency as well as redox capability (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP models). Results: Several peptide dendrimers functionalized with N1-alkyl-tryptophan at 5 µM concentration exhibited high selectivity towards GBM cells retaining 85–95% viable NHA cells while killing cancer cells. In both the MTT and colony-formation assays, compounds 21 (functionalized with N1-butyl-Trp and (+)8 charged) and 25 (functionalized with N1-aminopentane-Trp and (+)12 charged) showed the most promise for their development into anticancer drugs. According to ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP antioxidant tests, dendrimers functionalized with N1-alkylated Trp expressed higher ROS-scavenging capacity (ABTS and DPPH) than those with unsubstituted Trp. Conclusions: Peptide dendrimers functionalized with N1-alkyl-tryptophan showed varying toxicity to NHA, while all were toxic to GBM cells. Based on their activity towards inhibition of GBM viability and relatively mild effect on NHA cells the most advantageous were derivatives 21 and 25 with the respective di-dodecyl and dodecyl residue located at the C-terminus. As expected, peptide dendrimers functionalized with N1-alkyl-tryptophan expressed higher scavenging potency against ROS than dendrimers with unsubstituted tryptophan.

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Janiszewska, Jolanta, et Zofia Urbanczyk-Lipkowska. « Amphiphilic Dendrimeric Peptides as Model Non-Sequential Pharmacophores with Antimicrobial Properties ». Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology 13, n^o 4 (2007) : 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000104751.

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Donalisio, Manuela, Marco Rusnati, Valeria Cagno, Andrea Civra, Antonella Bugatti, Andrea Giuliani, Giovanna Pirri et al. « Inhibition of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infectivity by a Dendrimeric Heparan Sulfate-Binding Peptide ». Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 56, n^o 10 (30 juillet 2012) : 5278–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00771-12.

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ABSTRACTRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) interacts with cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) to initiate infection. The interaction of RSV with HSPGs thus presents an attractive target for the development of novel inhibitors of RSV infection. In the present study, a minilibrary of linear, dimeric, and dendrimeric peptides containing clusters of basic amino acids was screened with the aim of identifying peptides able to bind HSPGs and thus block RSV attachment and infectivity. Of the compounds identified, the dendrimer SB105-A10 was the most potent inhibitor of RSV infectivity, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of 0.35 μM and 0.25 μM measured in Hep-2 and A549 cells, respectively. SB105-A10 was found to bind to both cell types via HSPGs, suggesting that its antiviral activity is indeed exerted by competing with RSV for binding to cell surface HSPGs. SB105-A10 prevented RSV infection when added before the viral inoculum, in line with its proposed HSPG-binding mechanism of action; moreover, antiviral activity was also exhibited when SB105-A10 was added postinfection, as it was able to reduce the cell-to-cell spread of the virus. The antiviral potential of SB105-A10 was further assessed using human-derived tracheal/bronchial epithelial cells cultured to form a pseudostratified, highly differentiated model of the epithelial tissue of the human respiratory tract. SB105-A10 strongly reduced RSV infectivity in this model and exhibited no signs of cytotoxicity or proinflammatory effects. Together, these features render SB105-A10 an attractive candidate for further development as a RSV inhibitor to be administered by aerosol delivery.

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Ziegler, James, Richard T. Chang et David W. Wright. « Multiple-Antigenic Peptides of Histidine-Rich Protein II ofPlasmodiumfalciparum : Dendrimeric Biomineralization Templates ». Journal of the American Chemical Society 121, n^o 11 (mars 1999) : 2395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja983220+.

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Chun, Candy K. Y., et Richard J. Payne. « Synthesis of MUC1 Peptide and Glycopeptide Dendrimers ». Australian Journal of Chemistry 62, n^o 10 (2009) : 1339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch09282.

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Several dendrimers possessing multiple copies of peptides and glycopeptides belonging to the MUC1 eicosapeptide tandem repeat sequence have been prepared. Fmoc-strategy solid-phase peptide synthesis was used to construct the peptides and glycopeptides, which were conjugated to suitably functionalized dendrimer cores using the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction to produce multivalent peptide and glycopeptide dendrimers.

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Kozhikhova, Ksenia V., Igor P. Shilovskiy, Artem A. Shatilov, Anastasiia V. Timofeeva, Evgeny A. Turetskiy, Liudmila I. Vishniakova, Aleksandr A. Nikolskii et al. « Linear and dendrimeric antiviral peptides : design, chemical synthesis and activity against human respiratory syncytial virus ». Journal of Materials Chemistry B 8, n^o 13 (2020) : 2607–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tb02485a.

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Novel artificial peptides possess anti-RSV activity through a combination of two mechanisms: direct nonspecific destabilization of the viral envelope and competitive interaction with the RSV cellular receptor.

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Rijkers, Dirk T. S., G. Wilma van Esse, Remco Merkx, Arwin J. Brouwer, Hans J. F. Jacobs, Roland J. Pieters et Rob M. J. Liskamp. « Efficient microwave-assisted synthesis of multivalent dendrimeric peptides using cycloaddition reaction (click) chemistry ». Chemical Communications, n^o 36 (2005) : 4581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b507975f.

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Soria, Ivana, Valeria Quattrocchi, Cecilia Langellotti, Mariela Gammella, Sebastian Digiacomo, Beatriz Garcia de la Torre, David Andreu et al. « Dendrimeric peptides can confer protection against foot-and-mouth disease virus in cattle ». PLOS ONE 12, n^o 9 (26 septembre 2017) : e0185184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185184.

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Fatullaev, E. I., V. V. Bezrodnyi et I. M. Neelov. « MD Simulation of AEDG Peptide Complexes with New K2R Dendrimer and Dendrigraft ». International Journal of Biology and Biomedical Engineering 16 (3 janvier 2022) : 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/91011.2022.16.9.

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Biocompatible peptide dendrimers and dendrigrafts have useful properties for application in biomedicine. In previous papers the computational approach for study lysine dendrimers and dendrigrafts as well as their complexes with various medical peptides was used. In this paper the comparison of complex formation between molecules of therapeutic AEDG tetrapeptide and novel K2R peptide dendrimer or DG2 dendrigraft of near the same size and charge was fulfilled. The systems consisting of 16 therapeutic AEDG tetrapeptide molecules and one dendrimer or one dendrigraft were studied by molecular dynamics simulation. Full atomic models of these molecules in water with explicit counterions were used for this goal. First of all, the process of complex formation was studied. It was obtained that peptide molecules were attracted by both branched molecules and were quickly adsorbed by them. Times of complexes formation as well as size, anisotropy and structure of each complex were calculated. It was demonstrated that both K2R dendrimer and DG2 dendrigraft are effective for complexation of these peptide molecules but new dendrimer complex is more stable than dendrigraft complex because it has almost twice more hydrogen bonds with peptide molecules and 33% more ion pairs with their charged groups.

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Liu, Jie, Warren D. Gray, Michael E. Davis et Ying Luo. « Peptide- and saccharide-conjugated dendrimers for targeted drug delivery : a concise review ». Interface Focus 2, n^o 3 (21 mars 2012) : 307–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2012.0009.

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Dendrimers comprise a category of branched materials with diverse functions that can be constructed with defined architectural and chemical structures. When decorated with bioactive ligands made of peptides and saccharides through peripheral chemical groups, dendrimer conjugates are turned into nanomaterials possessing attractive binding properties with the cognate receptors. At the cellular level, bioactive dendrimer conjugates can interact with cells with avidity and selectivity, and this function has particularly stimulated interests in investigating the targeting potential of dendrimer materials for the design of drug delivery systems. In addition, bioactive dendrimer conjugates have so far been studied for their versatile capabilities to enhance stability, solubility and absorption of various types of therapeutics. This review presents a brief discussion on three aspects of the recent studies to use peptide- and saccharide-conjugated dendrimers for drug delivery: (i) synthesis methods, (ii) cell- and tissue-targeting properties and (iii) applications of conjugated dendrimers in drug delivery nanodevices. With more studies to elucidate the structure–function relationship of ligand–dendrimer conjugates in transporting drugs, the conjugated dendrimers hold promise to facilitate targeted delivery and improve drug efficacy for discovery and development of modern pharmaceutics.

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Sethi, Dalip, Mathew Thakur et Eric Wickstrom. « Receptor-Specific Peptides for Targeting of Liposomal, Polymeric, and Dendrimeric Nanoparticles in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy ». Current Molecular Imaginge 1, n^o 1 (1 septembre 2012) : 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2211555211201010003.

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Tarradas, Joan, Marta Monsó, Marta Muñoz, Rosa Rosell, Lorenzo Fraile, Maria Teresa Frías, Mariano Domingo, David Andreu, Francisco Sobrino et Llilianne Ganges. « Partial protection against classical swine fever virus elicited by dendrimeric vaccine-candidate peptides in domestic pigs ». Vaccine 29, n^o 26 (juin 2011) : 4422–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.03.095.

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Santos, S. S., R. V. Gonzaga, J. V. Silva, D. F. Savino, D. Prieto, J. M. Shikay, R. S. Silva, L. H. A. Paulo, E. I. Ferreira et J. Giarolla. « Peptide dendrimers : drug/gene delivery and other approaches ». Canadian Journal of Chemistry 95, n^o 9 (septembre 2017) : 907–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2017-0242.

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Dendrimers are versatile hyperbranched molecules, which have deserved attention especially for their potential in many applications, including biological. Peptide dendrimers comprise interesting classes of dendrimers, and their use has been emphasized as a drug/bioactive compound delivery system, mostly in the antineoplastic area. The bioactive molecules can be covalently linked or entrapped inside the peptide derivative. Self-assembled nanocarriers are a recent trend in the design of potential delivery systems, and pH-sensitive carriers, one of their methods, have been designed to control their systems. In addition, the use of targeting peptides or other specific groups that direct the drug/bioactive compounds to specific organs is an important trend in the search for better drug delivery systems. Recent examples have been given in the literature, showing that gene delivery as another important peptide dendrimer application. It is worth emphasizing that some peptide dendrimers show activity per se, without bioactive compounds. Immune compounds and vaccines are presented herein, as well as uses of other peptide dendrimers are briefly discussed in this review, which encompasses around 10 years of work.

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Siyad, M. A., et G. S. Vinod Kumar. « Synthesis and characterization of linear and cyclic endothelin peptides on PEGylated poly(O-benzyl ether) dendrimeric supports ». Polymer 67 (juin 2015) : 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2015.04.033.

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Chirag M, Gowda D V, Sathish Babu et Famna Roohi N K. « A Comprehensive review on Dendrimers in current advanced Drug delivery ». International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, n^o 1 (5 février 2020) : 1055–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i1.1936.

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In this particular review, it is been noted that Dendrimers are novel three-dimensional globular nano-polymeric structure; having multiple functional groups on the surface enhances their function. Synonymous terms for dendrimer include arborols and cascade molecules. The importance of dendrimers in a large variety of fields has been detected, where the various types of dendrimers helps in various fields of drug delivery with the different types of dendrimers with the generation. Hence the dendrimer gains more attention from researchers among various nano-materials. Convenient synthesis of the structure makes them as a good nano-material for drug delivery. In recent, dendrimers showed their activity in different drug delivery systems having properties like cancer targeting, anti-bacterial, ocular drug delivery, etc.. The future direction about the dendrimers are been discussed. The present review is focused on types of dendrimers like Polypropylene Imine dendrimer (PPI), Poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (PAMAM), Poly-l-lysine dendrimers, Type of Frechet’s dendrimer, Core-shell tecto dendrimers, Chiral dendrimers, Liquid crystalline dendrimers, Peptide dendrimers, Multiple antigen peptide dendrimers, Glyco-dendrimers, Hybrid dendrimers, Polyester dendrimers in which among these type of dendrimers, the Polypropylene Imine dendrimer (PPI) and Poly(amidoamine) dendrimers are found to be good carriers for various targeting site, Dendrimers are synthesized through various methods like Divergent method, Convergent method, Hyper cores and branched monomer growth method, Double exponential growth method, Click chemistry method, recent advances in dendrimers are used in the Anti-cancer delivery, Anti-bacterial delivery, oral route delivery, pulmonary drug delivery, transdermal drug delivery, ocular delivery, and targeted drug delivery the safety aspects, and future strategies are also been discussed in the below article.

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Yavuz, Burçin, Sibel Bozdağ Pehlivan et Nurşen Ünlü. « Dendrimeric Systems and Their Applications in Ocular Drug Delivery ». Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013) : 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/732340.

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Ophthalmic drug delivery is one of the most attractive and challenging research area for pharmaceutical scientists and ophthalmologists. Absorption of an ophthalmic drug in conventional dosage forms is seriously limited by physiological conditions. The use of nonionic or ionic biodegradable polymers in aqueous solutions and colloidal dosage forms such as liposomes, nanoparticles, nanocapsules, microspheres, microcapsules, microemulsions, and dendrimers has been studied to overcome the problems mentioned above. Dendrimers are a new class of polymeric materials. The unique nanostructured architecture of dendrimers has been studied to examine their role in delivery of therapeutics and imaging agents. Dendrimers can enhance drug’s water solubility, bioavailability, and biocompatibility and can be applied for different routes of drug administration successfully. Permeability enhancer properties of dendrimers were also reported. The use of dendrimers can also reduce toxicity versus activity and following an appropriate application route they allow the delivery of the drug to the targeted site and provide desired pharmacokinetic parameters. Therefore, dendrimeric drug delivery systems are of interest in ocular drug delivery. In this review, the limitations related to eye’s unique structure, the advantages of dendrimers, and the potential applications of dendrimeric systems to ophthalmology including imaging, drug, peptide, and gene delivery will be discussed.

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de León, Patricia, Rodrigo Cañas-Arranz, Yago Saez, Mar Forner, Sira Defaus, Dolores Cuadra, María J. Bustos et al. « Association of Porcine Swine Leukocyte Antigen (SLA) Haplotypes with B- and T-Cell Immune Response to Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) Peptides ». Vaccines 8, n^o 3 (8 septembre 2020) : 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8030513.

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Dendrimer peptides are promising vaccine candidates against the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Several B-cell epitope (B2T) dendrimers, harboring a major FMDV antigenic B-cell site in VP1 protein, are covalently linked to heterotypic T-cell epitopes from 3A and/or 3D proteins, and elicited consistent levels of neutralizing antibodies and IFN-γ-producing cells in pigs. To address the contribution of the highly polymorphic nature of the porcine MHC (SLA, swine leukocyte antigen) on the immunogenicity of B2T dendrimers, low-resolution (Lr) haplotyping was performed. We looked for possible correlations between particular Lr haplotypes with neutralizing antibody and T-cell responses induced by B2T peptides. In this study, 63 pigs immunized with B2T dendrimers and 10 non-immunized (control) animals are analyzed. The results reveal a robust significant correlation between SLA class-II Lr haplotypes and the T-cell response. Similar correlations of T-cell response with SLA class-I Lr haplotypes, and between B-cell antibody response and SLA class-I and SLA class-II Lr haplotypes, were only found when the sample was reduced to animals with Lr haplotypes represented more than once. These results support the contribution of SLA class-II restricted T-cells to the magnitude of the T-cell response and to the antibody response evoked by the B2T dendrimers, being of potential value for peptide vaccine design against FMDV.

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Mikhtaniuk, Sofia, Valeriy Bezrodnyi, Oleg Shavykin, Igor Neelov, Nadezhda Sheveleva, Anastasia Penkova et Denis Markelov. « Comparison of Structure and Local Dynamics of Two Peptide Dendrimers with the Same Backbone but with Different Side Groups in Their Spacers ». Polymers 12, n^o 8 (25 juillet 2020) : 1657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12081657.

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In this paper, we perform computer simulation of two lysine-based dendrimers with Lys-2Lys and Lys-2Gly repeating units. These dendrimers were recently studied experimentally by NMR (Sci. Reports, 2018, 8, 8916) and tested as carriers for gene delivery (Bioorg. Chem., 2020, 95, 103504). Simulation was performed by molecular dynamics method in a wide range of temperatures. We have shown that the Lys-2Lys dendrimer has a larger size but smaller fluctuations as well as lower internal density in comparison with the Lys-2Gly dendrimer. The Lys-2Lys dendrimer has larger charge but counterions form more ion pairs with its NH 3 + groups and reduce the bare charge and zeta potential of the first dendrimer more strongly. It was demonstrated that these differences between dendrimers are due to the lower flexibility and the larger charge (+2) of each 2Lys spacers in comparison with 2Gly ones. The terminal CH2 groups in both dendrimers move faster than the inner CH2 groups. The calculated temperature dependencies of the spin-lattice relaxation times of these groups for both dendrimers are in a good agreement with the experimental results obtained by NMR.

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Sheveleva, Nadezhda N., Irina I. Tarasenko, Mikhail A. Vovk, Mariya E. Mikhailova, Igor M. Neelov et Denis A. Markelov. « NMR Studies of Two Lysine Based Dendrimers with Insertion of Similar Histidine-Arginine and Arginine-Histidine Spacers Having Different Properties for Application in Drug Delivery ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, n^o 2 (4 janvier 2023) : 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24020949.

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In this paper we study two lysine-based peptide dendrimers with Lys-His-Arg and Lys-Arg-His repeating units and terminal lysine groups. Combination of His and Arg properties in a dendrimer could be important for biomedical applications, especially for prevention of dendrimer aggregation and for penetration of dendrimers through various cell membranes. We describe the synthesis of these dendrimers and the confirmation of their structure using 1D and 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. NMR spectroscopy and relaxation are used to study the structural and dynamic properties of these macromolecules and to compare them with properties of previously studied dendrimers with Lys-2Arg and Lys-2His repeating units. Our results demonstrate that both Lys-His-Arg and Lys-Arg-His dendrimers have pH sensitive conformation and dynamics. However, properties of Lys-His-Arg at normal pH are more similar to those of the more hydrophobic Lys-2His dendrimer, which has tendency towards aggregation, while the Lys-Arg-His dendrimer is more hydrophilic. Thus, the conformation with the same amino acid composition of Lys-His-Arg is more pH sensitive than Lys-Arg-His, while the presence of Arg groups undoubtedly increases its hydrophilicity compared to Lys-2His. Hence, the Lys-His-Arg dendrimer could be a more suitable (in comparison with Lys-2His and Lys-Arg-His) candidate as a pH sensitive nanocontainer for drug delivery.

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Sánchez-Milla, María, Ester Hernández-Corroto, Javier Sánchez-Nieves, Rafael Gómez, María Luisa Marina, María Concepción García et F. Javier de la Mata. « Immobilization of Alcalase on Silica Supports Modified with Carbosilane and PAMAM Dendrimers ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, n^o 24 (17 décembre 2022) : 16102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232416102.

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Enzyme immobilization is a powerful strategy for enzyme stabilization and recyclability. Materials covered with multipoint molecules are very attractive for this goal, since the number of active moieties to attach the enzyme increases with respect to monofunctional linkers. This work evaluates different dendrimers supported on silica to immobilize a protease enzyme, Alcalase. Five different dendrimers were employed: two carbosilane (CBS) dendrimers of different generations (SiO2-G0Si-NH2 and SiO2-G1Si-NH2), a CBS dendrimer with a polyphenoxo core (SiO2-G1O3-NH2), and two commercial polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers of different generations (SiO2-G0PAMAM-NH2 and SiO2-G1PAMAM-NH2). The results were compared with a silica support modified with a monofunctional molecule (2-aminoethanethiol). The effect of the dendrimer generation, the immobilization conditions (immobilization time, Alcalase/SiO2 ratio, and presence of Ca2+ ions), and the digestion conditions (temperature, time, amount of support, and stirring speed) on Alcalase activity has been evaluated. Enzyme immobilization and its activity were highly affected by the kind of dendrimer and its generation, observing the most favorable behavior with SiO2-G0PAMAM-NH2. The enzyme immobilized on this support was used in two consecutive digestions and, unlike CBS supports, it did not retain peptides released in the digestion.

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Jing, Jing, Karnaker R. Tupally, Ganesh R. Kokil, Zhi Qu, Sibao Chen et Harendra S. Parekh. « Development of a hybrid peptide dendrimer micellar carrier system and its application in the reformulation of a hydrophobic therapeutic agent derived from traditional Chinese medicine ». RSC Advances 9, n^o 5 (2019) : 2458–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra09606f.

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A novel amphiphilic peptide dendrimer-based delivery system was developed for a cane toad poison-derived steroid. The methodology to incorporate lipid into asymmetric dendrimers generated self-assembled micelles.

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Reymond, Jean-Louis. « Peptide Dendrimers : From Enzyme Models to Antimicrobials and Transfection Reagents ». CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry 75, n^o 6 (30 juin 2021) : 535–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2021.535.

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Aiming at studying cooperativity effects between amino acids in easily accessible protein models, we have explored the chemistry of peptide dendrimers, which we obtain as pure products by solid-phase peptide synthesis using a branching diamino acid such as lysine at every second or third position in a peptide sequence, followed by reverse-phase HPLC purification. This article reviews discoveries driven by combinatorial library synthesis and screening, including enantioselective esterase and aldolase enzyme models, cobalamin binding and peroxidase dendrimers, glycopeptide dendrimer biofilm inhibitors and their X-ray crystal structures as complexes with lectins, antimicrobial peptide dendrimers active against multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria, and transfection reagents for siRNA and CRISPR-Cas9 plasmid DNA. Latest developments include cheminformatics and artificial intelligence for exploring the peptide chemical space, and the principle of stereorandomization to understand the role of peptide chirality in activity.

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Sowinska, Marta, Maja Morawiak, Marta Bochyńska-Czyż, Andrzej Lipkowski, Elżbieta Ziemińska, Barbara Zabłocka et Zofia Urbanczyk-Lipkowska. « Molecular Antioxidant Properties and In Vitro Cell Toxicity of the p-Aminobenzoic Acid (PABA) Functionalized Peptide Dendrimers ». Biomolecules 9, n^o 3 (5 mars 2019) : 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9030089.

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Background: Exposure to ozone level and ultraviolet (UV) radiation is one of the major concerns in the context of public health. Numerous studies confirmed that abundant free radicals initiate undesired processes, e.g. carcinogenesis, cells degeneration, etc. Therefore, the design of redox-active molecules with novel structures, containing radical quenchers molecules with novel structures, and understanding their chemistry and biology, might be one of the prospective solutions. Methods: We designed a group of peptide dendrimers carrying multiple copies of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and evaluated their molecular antioxidant properties in 1,1’-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) tests. Cytotoxicity against human melanoma and fibroblast cells as well as against primary cerebral granule cells (CGC) alone and challenged by neurotoxic sodium glutamate and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in presence of dendrimers were measured. Results: PABA-terminated dendrimers express enhanced radical and radical cation scavenging properties in relation to PABA alone. In cellular tests, the dendrimers at 100 M fully suppress and between 20–100 M reduce proliferation of the human melanoma cell line. In concentration 20 M dendrimers generate small amount of the reactive oxygen species (<25%) but even in their presence human fibroblast and mouse cerebellar granule cells remain intact Moreover, dendrimers at 0.2–20 µM concentration (except one) increased the percentage of viable fibroblasts and CGC cells treated with 100 M glutamate. Conclusions: Designed PABA-functionalized peptide dendrimers might be a potential source of new antioxidants with cationic and neutral radicals scavenging potency and/or new compounds with marked selectivity against human melanoma cell or glutamate-stressed CGC neurons. The scavenging level of dendrimers depends strongly on the chemical structure of dendrimer and the presence of other groups that may be prompted into radical form. The present studies found different biological properties for dendrimers constructed from the same chemical fragments but the differing structure of the dendrimer tree provides once again evidence that the structure of dendrimer can have a significant impact on drug–target interactions.

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Luganini, Anna, Silvia Fabiole Nicoletto, Lorena Pizzuto, Giovanna Pirri, Andrea Giuliani, Santo Landolfo et Giorgio Gribaudo. « Inhibition of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and Type 2 Infections by Peptide-Derivatized Dendrimers ». Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 55, n^o 7 (16 mai 2011) : 3231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00149-11.

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ABSTRACTIn response to the need for new antiviral agents, dendrimer-based molecules have been recognized as having a large number of potential therapeutic applications. They include peptide-derivatized dendrimers, which are hyperbranched synthetic well-defined molecules which consist of a peptidyl branching core and covalently attached surface functional peptides. However, few studies have addressed their applications as direct-acting antiviral agents. Here, we report on the ability of the peptide dendrimer SB105 and its derivative, SB105_A10, to directly inhibit herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2in vitroreplication, with favorable selective indexes discerned for both compounds. An analysis of their mode of action revealed that SB105 and SB105_A10 prevent HSV-1 and HSV-2 attachment to target cells, whereas SB104, a dendrimer with a different amino acid sequence within the functional group and minimal antiviral activity, was ineffective in blocking HSV attachment. Moreover, both SB105 and SB105_A10 retained their ability to inhibit HSV adsorption at pH 3.0 and 4.0 and in the presence of 10% human serum proteins, conditions mimicking the physiological properties of the vagina, a potential therapeutic location for such compounds. The inhibition of HSV adsorption is likely to stem from the ability of SB105_A10 to bind to the glycosaminoglycan moiety of cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans, thereby blocking virion attachment to target cells. Finally, when combined with acyclovir in checkerboard experiments SB105_A10 exhibited highly synergistic activity. Taken together, these findings suggest that SB105 and SB105_A10 are promising candidates for the development of novel topical microbicides for the prevention of HSV infections.

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Sheard, Dean E., Wenyi Li, Neil M. O’Brien-Simpson, Frances Separovic et John D. Wade. « Peptide Multimerization as Leads for Therapeutic Development ». Biologics 2, n^o 1 (30 décembre 2021) : 15–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biologics2010002.

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Multimerization of peptide structures has been a logical evolution in their development as potential therapeutic molecules. The multivalent properties of these assemblies have attracted much attention from researchers in the past and the development of more complex branching dendrimeric structures, with a wide array of biocompatible building blocks is revealing previously unseen properties and activities. These branching multimer and dendrimer structures can induce greater effect on cellular targets than monomeric forms and act as potent antimicrobials, potential vaccine alternatives and promising candidates in biomedical imaging and drug delivery applications. This review aims to outline the chemical synthetic innovations for the development of these highly complex structures and highlight the extensive capabilities of these molecules to rival those of natural biomolecules.

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Cieślak, Maciej, Damian Ryszawy, Maciej Pudełek, Magdalena Urbanowicz, Maja Morawiak, Olga Staszewska-Krajewska, Jarosław Czyż et Zofia Urbańczyk-Lipkowska. « Bioinspired Bola-Type Peptide Dendrimers Inhibit Proliferation and Invasiveness of Glioblastoma Cells in a Manner Dependent on Their Structure and Amphipathic Properties ». Pharmaceutics 12, n^o 11 (18 novembre 2020) : 1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12111106.

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(1) Background: Natural peptides supporting the innate immune system studied at the functional and mechanistic level are a rich source of innovative compounds for application in human therapy. Increasing evidence indicates that apart from antimicrobial activity, some of them exhibit selective cytotoxicity towards tumor cells. Their cationic, amphipathic structure enables interactions with the negatively-charged membranes of microbial or malignant cells. It can be modeled in 3D by application of dendrimer chemistry. (2) Methods: Here we presented design principles, synthesis and bioactivity of branched peptides constructed from ornithine (Orn) assembled as proline (Pro)- or histidine (His)-rich dendrons and dendrimers of the bola structure. The impact of the structure and amphipathic properties of dendrons/dendrimers on two glioblastoma cell lines U87 and T98G was studied with the application of proliferation, apoptosis and cell migration assays. Cell morphology/cytoskeleton architecture was visualized by immunofluorescence microscopy. (3) Results: Dimerization of dendrons into bola dendrimers enhanced their bioactivity. Pro- and His-functionalized bola dendrimers displayed cytostatic activity, even though differences in the responsiveness of U87 and T98G cells to these compounds indicate that their bioactivity depends not only on multiple positive charge and amphipathic structure but also on cellular phenotype. (4) Conclusion: Ornithine dendrons/dendrimers represent a group of promising anti-tumor agents and the potential tools to study interrelations between drug bioactivity, its chemical properties and tumor cells’ phenotype.

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Sheveleva, Nadezhda N., Denis A. Markelov, Mikhail A. Vovk, Irina I. Tarasenko, Mariya E. Mikhailova, Maxim Yu Ilyash, Igor M. Neelov et Erkki Lahderanta. « Stable Deuterium Labeling of Histidine-Rich Lysine-Based Dendrimers ». Molecules 24, n^o 13 (6 juillet 2019) : 2481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24132481.

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Peptide dendrimers, due to their biocompatibility and low toxicity, are highly promising candidates as nanocarriers for drugs and genes. The development of this kind of delivery system requires reliable monitoring of their metabolic and biological pathways. In this respect, hydrogen isotope labeling has tremendous importance, being a safe tool for detection of the labeled nanocarriers. In this work, we have synthesized new histidine-rich lysine-based dendrimers (Lys-2His dendrimer) with two linear histidine (His) residues in every inner segment. The presence of His residues has enabled us to perform controlled deuteration of Lys-2His dendrimers. The high deuteration degree (around 70%) does not practically change after redissolving the samples in H2O and heating them at 40 °C, which indicates the isotopic label stability.

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Boas, Ulrik, Serge H. M. Söntjens, Knud J. Jensen, Jørn B. Christensen et E. W. Meijer. « New Dendrimer–Peptide Host–Guest Complexes : Towards Dendrimers as Peptide Carriers ». ChemBioChem 3, n^o 5 (3 mai 2002) : 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1439-7633(20020503)3:5<433 ::aid-cbic433>3.0.co;2-0.

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Bezrodnyi, Valeriy V., Sofia E. Mikhtaniuk, Oleg V. Shavykin, Igor M. Neelov, Nadezhda N. Sheveleva et Denis A. Markelov. « Size and Structure of Empty and Filled Nanocontainer Based on Peptide Dendrimer with Histidine Spacers at Different pH ». Molecules 26, n^o 21 (29 octobre 2021) : 6552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26216552.

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Novel peptide dendrimer with Lys-2His repeating units was recently synthesized, studied by NMR (Molecules, 2019, 24, 2481) and tested as a nanocontainer for siRNA delivery (Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2020, 21, 3138). Histidine amino acid residues were inserted in the spacers of this dendrimer. Increase of their charge with a pH decrease turns a surface-charged dendrimer into a volume-charged one and should change all properties. In this paper, the molecular dynamics simulation method was applied to compare the properties of the dendrimer in water with explicit counterions at two different pHs (at normal pH with neutral histidines and at low pH with fully protonated histidines) in a wide interval of temperatures. We obtained that the dendrimer at low pH has essentially larger size and size fluctuations. The electrostatic properties of the dendrimers are different but they are in good agreement with the theoretical soft sphere model and practically do not depend on temperature. We have shown that the effect of pairing of side imidazole groups is much stronger in the dendrimer with neutral histidines than in the dendrimer with protonated histidines. We also demonstrated that the capacity of a nanocontainer based on this dendrimer with protonated histidines is significantly larger than that of a nanocontainer with neutral histidines.

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Rezende, Samilla B., Karen G. N. Oshiro, Nelson G. O. Júnior, Octávio L. Franco et Marlon H. Cardoso. « Advances on chemically modified antimicrobial peptides for generating peptide antibiotics ». Chemical Communications 57, n^o 88 (2021) : 11578–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cc03793e.

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Chemical modifications in AMPs, including glycosylation, lipidation, PEGylation, cyclization, grafting, stapling, d-amino acids, and dendrimers are used to fine-tune peptide antibiotics candidates for bacterial infections treatment.

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Eggimann, Gabriela A., Emilyne Blattes, Stefanie Buschor, Rasomoy Biswas, Stephan M. Kammer, Tamis Darbre et Jean-Louis Reymond. « Designed cell penetrating peptide dendrimers efficiently internalize cargo into cells ». Chem. Commun. 50, n^o 55 (2014) : 7254–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc02780a.

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Redesigning linear cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) into a multi-branched topology with short dipeptide branches gave cell penetrating peptide dendrimers (CPPDs) with higher cell penetration, lower toxicity and hemolysis and higher serum stability than linear CPPs.

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SPETZLER, JANE C., et JAMES P. TAM. « Unprotected peptides as building blocks for branched peptides and peptide dendrimers ». International Journal of Peptide and Protein Research 45, n^o 1 (12 janvier 2009) : 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3011.1995.tb01570.x.

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Sebestik, Jaroslav, Petr Niederhafner et Jan Jezek. « Peptide and glycopeptide dendrimers and analogous dendrimeric structures and their biomedical applications ». Amino Acids 40, n^o 2 (3 août 2010) : 301–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00726-010-0707-z.

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Sowińska, Marta, Monika Szeliga, Maja Morawiak, Elżbieta Ziemińska, Barbara Zabłocka et Zofia Urbańczyk-Lipkowska. « Peptide Dendrimers with Non-Symmetric Bola Structure Exert Long Term Effect on Glioblastoma and Neuroblastoma Cell Lines ». Biomolecules 11, n^o 3 (15 mars 2021) : 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11030435.

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Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system (CNS). Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most common cancers of childhood derived from the neural crest cells. The survival rate for patients with GBM and high-risk NB is poor; therefore, novel therapeutic approaches are needed. Increasing evidence suggests a dual role of redox-active compounds in both tumorigenesis and cancer treatment. Therefore, in this study, polyfunctional peptide-based dendrimeric molecules of the bola structure carrying residues with antiproliferative potential on one side and the antioxidant residues on the other side were designed. Methods: We synthesized non-symmetric bola dendrimers and assessed their radical scavenging potency as well as redox capability. The influence of dendrimers on viability of rat primary cerebellar neurons (CGC) and normal human astrocytes (NHA) was determined by propidium iodide staining and cell counting. Cytotoxicity against human GBM cell lines, T98G and LN229, and NB cell line SH-SY5Y was assessed by cell counting and colony forming assay. Results: Testing of CGC and NHA viability allowed to establish a range of optimal dendrimers structure and concentration for further evaluation of their impact on two human GBM and one human NB cell lines. According to ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and CUPRAC antioxidant tests, the most toxic for normal cells were dendrimers with high charge and an excess of antioxidant residues (Trp and PABA) on both sides of the bola structure. At 5 μM concentration, most of the tested dendrimers neither reduced rat CGC viability below 50–40%, nor harmed human neurons (NHA). The same dose of compounds 16 or 22, after 30 min treatment decreased the number of SH-SY5Y and LN229 cells, but did not affect the number of T98G cells 48 h post treatment. However, either compound significantly reduced the number of colonies formed by SH-SY5Y, LN229, and T98G cells measured 14 days after treatment. Conclusions: Peptide dendrimers with non-symmetric bola structure are excellent scaffolds for design of molecules with pro/antioxidant functionality. Design of molecules with an excess of positive charges and antioxidant residues rendered molecules with high neurotoxicity. Single, 30 min exposition of the GBM and NB cell lines to the selected bola dendrimers significantly suppressed their clonogenic potential

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Parlanti, Paola, Adriano Boni, Giovanni Signore et Melissa Santi. « Targeted Dendrimer-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles for Selective Delivery of Therapeutics in Living Cells ». Molecules 25, n^o 9 (10 mai 2020) : 2252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25092252.

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Nanoparticles are widely used as theranostic agents for the treatment of various pathologies, including cancer. Among all, dendrimers-based nanoparticles represent a valid approach for drugs delivery, thanks to their controllable size and surface properties. Indeed, dendrimers can be easily loaded with different payloads and functionalized with targeting agents. Moreover, they can be used in combination with other materials such as metal nanoparticles for combinatorial therapies. Here, we present the formulation of an innovative nanostructured hybrid system composed by a metallic core and a dendrimers-based coating that is able to deliver doxorubicin specifically to cancer cells through a targeting agent. Its dual nature allows us to transport nanoparticles to our site of interest through the magnetic field and specifically increase internalization by exploiting the T7 targeting peptide. Our system can release the drug in a controlled pH-dependent way, causing more than 50% of cell death in a pancreatic cancer cell line. Finally, we show how the system was internalized inside cancer cells, highlighting a peculiar disassembly of the nanostructure at the cell surface. Indeed, only the dendrimeric portion is internalized, while the metal core remains outside. Thanks to these features, our nanosystem can be exploited for a multistage magnetic vector.

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Neelov, Igor, Valerii Bezrodnyi, Anna Marchenko, Emil Fatullaev et Sofia Miktaniuk. « Computer simulation of complex of lysine dendrigraft with molecules of therapeutic KED peptide ». ITM Web of Conferences 24 (2019) : 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20192402008.

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Lysine dendrimers and dendrigrafts are often used in biomedicine for drug and gene delivery to different target organs or cells. In present paper the possibility of complex formation by lysine dendrigraft and 16 molecules of therapeutic KED peptide was investigated using molecular dynamics simulation method. A system containing of one dendrigraftt and 16 KED peptides in water were studied. It was shown that stable complex consisting of the dendrigraft and the peptide molecules formed and structure of this complex was studied. Similar complexes could be used in future for delivery of other therapeutic peptides to target organs.

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Barrera, Nubia, Luz Melgarejo, Maribel Cruz-Gallego, Lina Cortés, Fanny Guzmán et Julio Calvo. « Conformationally Restricted Peptides from Rice Proteins Elicit Antibodies That Recognize the Corresponding Native Protein in ELISA Assays ». Molecules 23, n^o 9 (5 septembre 2018) : 2262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23092262.

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The rice hoja blanca virus (RHBV), transmitted by the planthopper insect Tagosodes orizicolus, is a disease that attacks rice and generates significant production losses in Colombia. Fedearroz 2000 and Colombia I commercial rice varieties, which have different resistance levels to the disease, were selected in this study. To identify proteins associated to the insect and virus signaling, a comparative proteomics study was performed. By comparing proteomic profiles, between virus-infected and control group plants in two-dimensional electrophoresis, proteins exhibiting significant changes in abundance were found. In another test, peptide dendrimers containing sequences conformationally restricted to α-helix from four of those rice proteins were synthesized. In the experiment, sera from mice inoculated with peptide dendrimers could recognize the corresponding native protein in ELISA assays. Reported comparative proteomic results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of plant response to the RHBV and comprehensive tools for the analysis of new crop varieties. Besides, results from conformational peptide dendrimer approach are promising and show that it is feasible to detect proteins as markers, and may have biological applications by decreasing the susceptibility to proteolytic degradation.

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Orlandin, Andrea, Paolo Dolcet, Barbara Biondi, Geta Hilma, Diana Coman, Simona Oancea, Fernando Formaggio et Cristina Peggion. « Covalent Graft of Lipopeptides and Peptide Dendrimers to Cellulose Fibers ». Coatings 9, n^o 10 (24 septembre 2019) : 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9100606.

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Introduction: Bacterial proliferation in health environments may lead to the development of specific pathologies, but can be highly dangerous under particular conditions, such as during chemotherapy. To limit the spread of infections, it is helpful to use gauzes and clothing containing antibacterial agents. As cotton tissues are widespread in health care environments, in this contribution we report the preparation of cellulose fibers characterized by the covalent attachment of lipopeptides as possible antimicrobial agents. Aim: To covalently link peptides to cotton samples and characterize them. Peptides are expected to preserve the features of the fabrics even after repeated washing and use. Peptides are well tolerated by the human body and do not induce resistance in bacteria. Materials and Methods: A commercially available cotton tissue (specific weight of 150 g/m2, 30 Tex yarn fineness, fabric density of 270/230 threads/10 cm in the warp and weft) was washed with alkali and bleached and died. A piece of this tissue was accurately weighed, washed with methanol (MeOH) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and air-dried. Upon incubation with epibromohydrin, followed by treatment with Fmoc-NH-CH2CH2-NH2 and Fmoc removal, the peptides were synthesized by incorporating one amino acid at a time, beginning with the formation of an amide bond with the free NH2 of 1,2–diaminoethane. We also linked to the fibers a few peptide dendrimers, because the mechanism of action of these peptides often requires the formation of clusters. We prepared and characterized seven peptide-cotton samples. Results: The new peptide-cotton conjugates were characterized by means of FT-IR spectroscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). This latter technique allows for discriminating among different amino acids and thus different peptide-cotton samples. Some samples maintain a pretty good whiteness degree even after peptide functionalization. Interestingly, these samples also display encouraging activities against a Gram positive strain. Conclusions: Potentially antimicrobial lipopeptides can be covalently linked to cotton fabrics, step-by-step. It is also possible to build on the cotton Lys-based dendrimers. XPS is a useful technique to discriminate among different types of nitrogen. Two samples displaying some antibacterial potency did also preserve their whiteness index.

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