Thèses : « DENA BANK »

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Pohanka, Eduard. « Měření výkonnosti vybraných bank působících v ČR ». Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-150030.

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The thesis is focused on the practical analysis of the profitability and efficiency of banks operating in the Czech Republic from the perspective of people who do not have inside information on banking operations. The restrictions of obtaining information, assumptions and limitations of the methods used and also the question whether such an analysis makes sense and it is therefore possible to comprehensively compare the bank are also discussed. The paper also discusses the possible views on the definition of bank performance and other methods for its qualification are marginally mentioned.

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Krpcová, Markéta. « Aplikace DEA modelů na hodnocení efektivnosti bank v rámci České republiky ». Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-111595.

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This thesis deals with the evaluating efficiency of Czech banks using data envelopment analysis (DEA), which is a method based on mathematical programming. Each bank is then evauluated with the relative efficiency coefficient that indicates the efficiency or inefficiency of the particular bank. The work is further developed the classical approach of bank performance measuring in comparison to DEA, researches that have applied DEA models to evaluate banks in the past in different countries and detailed analysis of the results of the precessed model.

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Stålhammar, Marcus. « Knotted Nodal Band Structures ». Licentiate thesis, Stockholms universitet, Fysikum, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-176063.

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It is well known that in conventional three dimensional (3D) Hermitian two band models, the intersections between the energy bands are generically given by points. The typical example are Weyl semimetals, where these singular points can be effectively described as Weyl fermions in the low energy regime. By explicitly imposing discrete symmetries or fine-tuning, the intersection can form higher- dimensional nodal structures, e.g. nodal lines. By instead considering dissipative contributions to such a system, the degeneracies will generically take the form of closed 1D curves, consisting of exceptional points, i.e. points where the Hamiltonian becomes defective. By constructing the Hamiltonian in a particular way, the 1D exceptional curves can host non-trivial topology, i.e. they can form links or knots in the Brillouin zone. In stark contrast to line nodes occurring in Hermitian systems, which inevitably rely on discrete symmetries or fine tuning, the exceptional knots are generically stable towards any small perturbation. In further contrast to point singularities and unknotted circles, the topology of knots cannot be characterized by usual integer valued invariants. Instead, the complexity of the knottedness is captured by polynomial type invariants, making the physical classification and interpretation of these system challenging. To this end, the study of knotted nodal band structures naturally brings two different aspects of topology together – mathematical knot theory on the one hand, and the physical theory of topological phases on the other hand. This licentiate thesis focuses on providing the necessary theoretical background to understand the two accompanying publications entitled Knotted non-Hermitian metals, written by Johan Carlström, together with the author of this thesis, Jan Carl Budich and Emil J. Bergholtz, published in Physical Review B on April 24 2019, and Hyperbolic nodal band structures and knot invariants, written by the author of this thesis, together with Lukas Rødland, Gregory Arone, Jan Carl Budich and Emil J. Bergholtz, published in SciPost Physics August 8 2019. An introduction to gapless topological phases in the Hermitian regime, focusing on Weyl semimetals, their classification and surface states, is provided. Then, the light is brought to non-Hermitian operators and the differences from their conventional Hermitian counterpart, such as the two different set of eigenvectors bi-orthogonal to each other, exceptional eigenvalue degeneracies and some of their consequences, are explained. Afterwards, these operators are applied to dissipative physical system, and some of the striking differences from the conventional Hermitian systems are highlighted, the main focus being the possibly non-trivial topology of the 1D exceptional eigenvalue degeneracies. In order to be somewhat self contained, a brief conceptual introduction to the utilized concepts of knot theory is given, and lastly, further research directions and possible experimental realization of the considered systems are discussed.

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Mattsson, Jennifer, et Frida Nilsson. « Gilla, dela och kommentera - ett sätt att stärka kundrelationer ? : En studie om hur träningsverksamheter använder Facebook ». Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-27453.

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Syftet: Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur företag på sinFacebooksida arbetar med värde, interaktion och teknik för attstärka de sociala banden och därmed relationerna till sina kunder. Metod: Metoden för denna uppsats är kvalitativ med en ansats avdeduktivt slag. Data samlades in genom semistruktureradeintervjuer med utvalda företag som har en Facebooksida.Slutsats: Företag arbetar idag till viss del med värde, interaktion och teknikutifrån vad teorin rekommenderar. Det finns inom alla tre områdenbåde likheter och skillnader mellan verklighet och teori. Denundersökta modellen syftar till att stärka relationerna men det råderdelade åsikter från de undersökta företagen huruvida de uppleveratt relationerna har stärkts genom deras närvaro på Facebook.

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Подвігін, С. О. « Економічна ефективність банків в системі фінансової стійкості банківської системи ». Thesis, Хмельницький кооперативний торговельно-економічний інститут, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/63721.

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Автором обгрунтована необхідність врахування економічної ефективності банків в аналізі їх фінансової стійкості.Автором доведено можливість використання методу DEA для оцінки ефективності банку.
The author of the necessity of taking into account the cost-effectiveness analysis of the banks in their financial stability.The author demonstrated the use to evaluate the effectiveness of bank method DEA.

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Borges, Pedro Raposo. « Bank performance during the european debt crisis ». Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10378.

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Mestrado em Finanças
O presente trabalho, tem como objetivo principal a análise de performance de 353 bancos, de 17 países da zona euro, para o período de 2005 a 2010. A análise é feita através da aplicação do método do Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) sobre dados financeiros de demonstrações financeiras, e os resultados da mesma sujeitos a uma regressão para determinar possíveis determinantes de performance. Este estudo sugere que a performance foi constante para a amostra selecionada e aponta como principais determinantes da performance o tamanho e a localização dos bancos.
The present work analyses the performance of 353 banks, from 17 countries of the euro zone, for the period of 2005 to 2010. The analysis is made through the application of Data Envelopment Analysis method (DEA) upon financial data from financial reports, and the results are then subject to a regression analysis to determine possible efficiency determinants. The results suggest that performance was somewhat constant across the sample firms and points out the main determinants of efficiency being the bank size and location.

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Rad, Alexander. « Bank risk management : How do bank employees deal with risk at the strategic and operational levels ? » Doctoral thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekonomivetenskap och juridik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-30734.

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DE, DONATO ANITA. « Spring Water : the Lifeblood of the Village of Wādī Fūkīn (West Bank) ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/205801.

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This thesis focuses on the social relationships constituting domestic water management and the use of spring water for irrigation, in the rural village of Wādī Fūkīn (West Bank). It investigates how the dialectics between power strategies exerted through water policies and local resistance practices contribute to define the meaning of community, state and citizenship. The Israeli and the Palestinian National Authority (PNA)’s projects of water modernisation and the intensive farming and irrigation techniques fostered by development actors emerge as techno-politics aimed at creating colonial subjects, farmers or citizens. The analysis of the Israeli water and territory planning brings insights into the theorisation of technical planning as a new dimension of politics of the modern-state. As a response to the Israeli strategies of de-peasantisation and land expropriation, villagers view farming activities as practices of self-representation against the threat of becoming refugees. The study highlights the role of water in the Israeli and Palestinian nation-state construction. The Israeli and the PNA’s ideological constructions of water scarcity – shown as a hybrid socio-natural process – are aimed at ensuring conflicting interests, while legitimising multiple dynamics of domination. Local practices of resistance to the PNA’s water centralisation bring to light that domestic water is a political arena in which the meaning of state and its legitimacy are contested and negotiated between the political elites ruling the PNA, Israel and other local interest groups. The local spring water management reveals that this resource mediates the construction of local dimensions of identification and differentiation shaping the tribal political organisation, which emerges as an idiom of solidarity to struggle for self-determination. This study addresses the important debate about the relationships between the State and tribal political patterns. The adoption of intensive irrigation and farming techniques has contributed to the individualisation of farming and resistance strategies. Donors’ interventions have led to the de-mobilisation of the local community and to the emergence of a new “globalized elite”, amplifying dynamics of marginalisation, in particular of women. Local farmers express their claims for autonomy and socio-ecological justice by means of the embodiment of alternative patterns of water and farming knowledge. However, in daily practices the intensive farming techniques and the local ones are juxtaposed and articulated, leading to the production of a sort of “hybrid agriculture”. The Palestinian territories are fragmented in different hydro-social networks and territories, in multiple “islands of experience” characterised by different conditions of water stress and experiences of deprivation. This leads to the imagination of multiple Palestinian nations and Palestinian “others”.

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Branco, Adriel Martins de Freitas. « Eficiência do sistema bancário brasileiro em 2014 : uma análise DEA-SBM ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/96/96132/tde-11082016-101618/.

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Este estudo utilizou a técnica DEA-SBM para avaliar a eficiência dos bancos brasileiros no ano de 2014 sob a ótica das três abordagens mais recorrentes neste tipo de avaliação: a abordagem da intermediação, produção e rentabilidade. Os escores de eficiência foram avaliados por quintil e pelo teste de mediana Mann-Whitney conforme (1) a origem do capital; (2) público x privado; (3) porte dos bancos; (4) segmento de atuação dos bancos e (5) os ratings dessas instituições. Para desenvolver este estudo foram necessários realizar seis etapas metodológicas. A primeira etapa foi de levantamento das informações financeiras de cada banco, consolidadas e referentes ao ano de 2014. Na segunda etapa foram selecionadas as variáveis analisadas para cada abordagem, compondo cada um dos modelos. Na terceira etapa foram realizadas as exclusões das DMUs com variáveis negativas ou sem informações. A quarta etapa foi de classificação dos bancos. Para classificar os bancos por porte utilizou-se como critério o ativo total, dividindo-os em quartis. A quinta etapa foi de identificação dos escores de eficiência, via software PIM-DEA. Os dados foram avaliados conforme o método DEA-SBM. A sexta e última etapa foi a de análise dos resultados e ocorreu após a obtenção dos escores. Os resultados das amostram foram analisados mediante o emprego de duas técnicas. Inicialmente, aplicou-se o teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov para verificar se a distribuição dos escores para cada abordagem seguia uma distribuição normal. As análises permitiram extrair dez conclusões e sugerem que os bancos de capital público federal, de Micro Porte, do segmento de Varejo (com exceção para a abordagem de Intermediação) e com nota de rating AAA foram os mais eficientes.
This study has used the DEA-SBM technique to evaluate the efficiency of Brazilian banks in 2014 from the perspective of the three most frequent approaches in this type of evaluation: intermediation, production and profitability approaches. The efficiency scores were evaluated by quintile and the median Mann-Whitney test as (1) the origin of the capital; (2) public x private; (3) size of the banks; (4) of banks operating segment and (5) the ratings of these institutions. To develop this study took hold six methodological steps. The first step was to survey the financial information of each bank, and consolidated for the year 2014. In the second stage we selected the variables for each approach, making each model. In the third step were performed exclusions of DMUs with negative variables or without information. The fourth step was the classification of banks. To sort by size banks was used as a criterion the total assets, dividing them into quartiles. The fifth step was to identify the efficiency scores, DEA via PIM Software. The data were evaluated according to the DEA-SBM method. The sixth and final step was to analyze the results and occurred after obtaining scores. The results of amostram were analyzed by the use of both techniques. Initially, we applied the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to verify the distribution of the median for each approach followed a normal distribution. The analysis allowed to draw conclusions and ten showed that banks federal public capital, Micro Porte, the Retail segment (except for the intermediation approach) and AAA-rated note were the most efficient.

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CAVALCANTE, Glaydson Teixeira. « An?lise do desempenho organizacional de ag?ncias banc?rias : aplicando DEA a indicadores do BSC ». Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/1008.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:19:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Glaydson Teixeira Cavalcante.pdf: 437002 bytes, checksum: 313bff8d1d33ff090afd0e53f410b5a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-13
In an environment highly competitive with dearth of wherewithal the domestic banks have target to optimize their business. At utilization of measurements that come the complementary the financial measurements, it allows biggest sustained profitability at that corporation. However, many businesses that uses balanced measurements of discharge financial with sundry measurements of discharge to get wrong when they use forefingers that only point to efficacy while it would be balanced with target to reach efficacy in their operations. Efficacy measures what were produced in relation what were planned to be produced. The efficiency involves what could be bringing about and available the inputs, in relation to that could be bringing about. This concept proceeds to being determined in that context highly competitive. The methodology of Date Envelopment Analysis (DEA) highlights between methodologies for performance measurement. That analyze, with object to define technical the efficiency, through linear no-parametric mathematical modulate and programming, the more sundry measurements of organization discharge, without desirability of conversion of their units. In this paper, DEA methodology be apply at balanced forefingers of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) of the biggest domestic banks, with object to define businesslike units and inefficient comparing with the score decided coat business analyze. This analyze is about 50 bureauxes of the segment of middle market, of a same domestic institution, that be categorize as biggest banks trade Brazilians. This bank have implanted the BSC in 2000, the segment analyzed get his BSC since 2003. The method of selection I-O Stepwise is used for selection of variables, with eyesight at average to improve of the efficiency applied. To hold back the balance design for manage of the bank, it use blunt method of qualification of loads, overhead consider the amount of each forefinger decided in the BSC. Compared them end products DEA with arise from the BSC, asset consume suffer from them forefingers cull coat method I-O Stepwise. Test of significance and correlation were applied to the results. The tests of correlation of Pearson and Spearman point deep correlation among them forefingers Blanket DEA and the Placard of the BSC, considering the variables cull coat method I-the Stepwise and the bout under analysis. The regression test denoted a lot of faint significance of the variables cull in represent to changeable reliant PGeral while that bold significance couple represent to changeable DEA. Invalid hypothesis test demonstrated meaningful differences among ten more efficients and the ten less efficients, in changeable DEA, Input and working capital. Through the arguments come in executives of the bank and managers of the units, perceived bold alignment of the DEA with the premises defended in those appointments.
Em um ambiente altamente competitivo e com escassez de recursos, os bancos nacionais tem focado a otimiza??o de suas aplica??es e capta??es. A utiliza??o de medidas, que venham a complementar as medidas financeiras, permitir? maior sustentabilidade lucrativa a essas corpora??es. Entretanto, muitas empresas que balanceiam suas medidas de desempenho financeiro com medidas diversas de desempenho, erram ao utilizar indicadores que somente apontam para a efic?cia, enquanto estes deveriam ser balanceados com os objetivos de alcan?ar a efici?ncia em suas opera??es. A efic?cia mede o que foi produzido em rela??o ao que foi planejado para ser produzido. A efici?ncia envolve o que poderia ser produzido e os insumos dispon?veis, em rela??o ao que poderia ser produzido. Este conceito passa a ser determinante nesse contexto altamente competitivo. Destaca-se como metodologia para mensura??o de performance, a metodologia de Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Que analisa, com objetivo de definir a efici?ncia t?cnica, por meio de modelagem matem?tica n?o-parametrica e programa??o linear, as mais diversas medidas de desempenho organizacional, sem necessidade de convers?o de suas unidades. Neste trabalho, ser? aplicada a metodologia DEA a indicadores balanceados do Balanced Scorecard (BSC) de uma dos maiores bancos nacionais, com o objetivo de definir unidades eficientes e ineficientes comparando com o score definido pela empresa analisada. Para tanto, analisou-se 50 ag?ncias do segmento de middle market, de uma mesma institui??o nacional, que ? classificada como um dos maiores bancos comerciais brasileiros. Este banco implantou o BSC em 2000, o segmento analisado possui seu BSC desde 2003. Para sele??o de vari?veis, com vistas ? melhoria da efici?ncia m?dia, aplicou-se m?todo de sele??o I-O Stepwise. Para manter o balanceamento desenhado pela ger?ncia do banco, utilizou-se m?todo de restri??o direta de pesos, os pesos consideraram a import?ncia de cada indicador definida no BSC. Compararam-se os resultados DEA com os resultados do BSC, bem como estes com os indicadores selecionados pelo m?todo I-O Stepwise. Aplicou-se teste de signific?ncia e correla??o aos resultados. Os testes de correla??o de Pearson e Spearman apontaram baixa correla??o entre os indicadores DEA e o Placar Geral do BSC, considerando-se as vari?veis selecionadas pelo m?todo I-O Stepwise e o per?odo sob an?lise. O teste regress?o indicou muito fraca signific?ncia das vari?veis selecionadas em explicar a vari?vel dependente PGeral, enquanto que forte signific?ncia para explicar a vari?vel DEA. O teste de hip?tese nula demonstrou diferen?as significativas entre as 10 mais eficientes e as 10 menos eficientes, em vari?veis DEA, Investimento e Capital de Giro. Considerando como premissas as discuss?es entre executivos do banco e gestores das unidades, percebeu-se forte alinhamento da DEA com as premissas apregoadas nesses encontros.

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NGU, BRYAN, et Tsegaye Mesfin. « MEASURING COMMERCIAL BANK PERFORMANCE AND EFFICIENCY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA ». Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Technology and Society, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-3736.

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This paper offers to measure efficiency of banks in Sub Saharan Africa and its determining input andout put factors on two fonts. At this purpose, we applied the first font; Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) for assessing efficiency level. The actual and target level of inputs/outputs to foster efficiencyare shown in the results. Secondly, the banks ratio analysis measuring banks performance throughreturns volatility for each bank, asset utilization and provision for bad and doubtful debts over thestudy period are all used as tools for this analysis. Our results suggest that Sub Saharan AfricanBanks are about 98.35% efficient. We are aware that the level of efficiency could be subject to up anddown swing if environmental factors influencing banks efficiency where taken into consideration.Finally, our result (DEA) is more sensitive to loans, other liabilities, other non interest expense,securities and deposit.

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Oztorul, Guliz. « Performance Evaluation Of Banks And Banking Groups : Turkey Case ». Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613821/index.pdf.

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Bank performance is one of the vital issues for the healthy functioning of the Turkish economy. This study aims to measure performance levels of the banks in Turkey and to find the factors affecting those levels for the period of 2006-2010. Although the measures evaluating bank performance are ample in amounts we choose two different approaches: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) measuring bank efficiency and CAMELS analysis. DEA is carried out in different levels: first for top 14 banks in the economy
then separating the banks as the state banks, the domestic private banks and the foreign private banks. Also long term and short term, and public and non-public assets and liabilities distinctions are made in the analyses. The bank performance measures obtained from DEA and CAMELS analysis are compared and the factors affecting the performances of the Turkish banks are analyzed. The results show that high efficiency levels of the state banks decrease when the public assets and liabilities are excluded. The state banks and domestic private banks have high CAMELS'
ratios, while the foreign banks have low ones. Both the bank-specific and macroeconomic factors, like ownership type, publicly trading and ATM net, play important roles in the determination of the efficiency levels of the banks in Turkey.

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Müller, Martin. « Aplikace modelů analýzy obalu dat při hodnocení efektivnosti bankovních poboček ». Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-11782.

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The purpose of this diploma thesis is to describe an application of data envelopment analysis to the performance assessment of bank branches. The bank has used, in the first half of the year 2007, two DEA models: DEA model with the purchasing power as an implicit parameter and DEA model with the economic potential as an explicit parameter. I have used for the calculations different models, which are stated in the literature, (i.e. CCR model or BCC model), because in data received from the bank was the influence of the purchasing power already involved. Next purpose of this thesis is to summarize theoretical basis of DEA models and also this theoretical basis put together with existing foreign studies.

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Edvardsson, Elisabet. « Band structures of topological crystalline insulators ». Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap och fysik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-65536.

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Topological insulators and topological crystalline insulators are materials that have a bulk band structure that is gapped, but that also have toplogically protected non-gapped surface states. This implies that the bulk is insulating, but that the material can conduct electricity on some of its surfaces. The robustness of these surface states is a consequence of time-reversal symmetry, possibly in combination with invariance under other symmetries, like that of the crystal itself. In this thesis we review some of the basic theory for such materials. In particular we discuss how topological invariants can be derived for some specific systems. We then move on to do band structure calculations using the tight-binding method, with the aim to see the topologically protected surface states in a topological crystalline insulator. These calculations require the diagonalization of block tridiagonal matrices. We finish the thesis by studying the properties of such matrices in more detail and derive some results regarding the distribution and convergence of their eigenvalues.

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Shang, J. « The competitiveness of state-owned commercial banks in China ». Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/4005.

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China has undertaken a series of comprehensive economic and banking reform programs over the past three decades. As part of the WTO agreement, the domestic financial sector is fully open to foreign investors from WTO member countries in 2006. To answer the challenges, the policy makers and management of SOCB have been introducing two major steps to improve the Competitiveness of the commercial banks: transfer the bad debts to asset management companies and inject foreign exchange reserves to capital. However, the qualitative study shows that the general performance of the state-owned commercial banks is unstable during this period. It is high time that the consequences and efficiency of the reform were examined on an objective basis. This research offers a careful and rigorous examination of the condition and determinants of banking efficiency and competitiveness in China, with the focus on the state-owned commercial banks. The key contribution of this study is to develop a comprehensive empirical framework to measure and explain the performance of the state-owned commercial banks during the crucial transitional period from 1998 to 2003. This research examines the banking market conditions on the basis of a synthesis of the traditional Structure-Conduct-Performance paradigm and other alternative hypotheses. The thesis reveals that the state-owned commercial banks still dominate in both retail and business banking markets. The interest earnings remain the dominant source of commercial revenues. Due to the special relationship with government and their operational characters in the financial market, the state-owned commercial banks are not sensitive to monetary policy adjustments. The competition from other type of commercial banks has been strengthening, but the impact is rather limited. The main contribution of this study to the empirical literature on the Chinese banking market is the employment of the Data Envelopment Analysis to measure the efficiency of the state-owned commercial banks at provincial level, followed by a panel econometric investigation into the differences in banking efficiency across the stat-owned commercial banking groups as well as individual provinces. The results show that the level of banking efficiency was generally very low and there was a significant extent of input surplus among the provincial branches. The source of inefficiency is different among individual banking groups. The econometric study reveals that the SOCBs benefit from the concentrated market structure and strong complementary relationship with their traditional business areas. The empirical results have also shed light on further policy measures to enhance banking competition and performance in China.

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Ghilardi, Wanderlei José. « Avaliação não-paramétrica de desempenho do setor bancário brasileiro ». Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4511.

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In this work economic and financial performance of the fifty biggest banks in Brazil are evaluated by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method applied to accounting demonstrations and other relevant data. Relative efficiency of each bank comparing to the one with the best performance by consider its return on constant and variable scales is shown. Through a set of variables, a unique index of efficiency was produced in order to determine if a firm is above or below the line of efficiency, which represents the reference of the banking sector. From this study, better information is obtained to be used in decision-making process. The performance of each bank is demonstrated in the study. Critical points and suggestions for improvements are also shown. Comparing to the traditional method, the DEA method is more flexible since performance can be measured by a formula with variables which interested them most, then weighted them according to their importances inside the sector. The DEA models also established an optimization on product/consumption ratio, that is, to increase positive factors (products) and to reduce negative factors (consuming elements). The proposed DEA method is oriented to maximize products using available data provided by the Brazilian Central Bank. In order to obtain results, an efficiency level is determined by extracting proportionality between the capacity of generating receipt (principal product) and the net asset including the numbers of employees (principal consumption).
O presente estudo avalia o desempenho econômico e financeiro dos 50 (cinqüenta) maiores bancos que atuam no Brasil, por meio da Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA) aplicada às Demonstrações Contábeis e a outros dados relevantes. Essa ferramenta determina a eficiência relativa de cada unidade em análise, considerando os retornos de escala constante e variável, através da comparação de cada empresa com as de melhor desempenho. Esse método congrega um conjunto de variáveis, as quais são envolvidos em uma fórmula específica, produzindo um único índice de eficiência o qual localiza a empresa sobre a linha de eficiência ou abaixo dela. A partir daí são desenvolvidos os cálculos para projetar as unidades ineficientes até a linha de eficiência onde se encontram as melhores referências do setor bancário. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que através da Análise Envoltória de Dados são obtidos melhores subsídios para a tomada de decisão, pois, além evidenciar o desempenho de cada banco, mostra quais são os pontos críticos daqueles ineficientes, apontando as melhorias necessárias. Na comparação com a análise financeira e de balanços tradicional, a DEA mostrou-se mais flexível pelo fato de permitir que o desempenho seja medido através de uma fórmula composta pelas variáveis que mais interessam ao analista, ponderando-as de acordo com sua importância dentro do setor. Os modelos DEA permitem que se estabeleça uma otimização na relação produtos/insumos visando o aumento dos fatores positivos (produtos) ou a redução dos fatores negativos (insumos). Considerando as informações disponibilizadas pelo Banco Central do Brasil, o modelo DEA proposto foi orientado para a maximização dos produtos. Para a obtenção dos resultados, o grau de eficiência foi determinado extraindo-se a proporcionalidade entre a capacidade de geração de receita de cada banco (principais produtos), com o patrimônio líquido e o número de funcionários (principais insumos).

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Zaneti, Bruno Barbuy. « Avaliação do potencial do banco de propágulos alóctone na recuperação de uma área degradada de Floresta Ombrófila Densa Aluvial, no município de Registro, SP ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-14072008-162220/.

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A reparação de danos provocados pelo homem aos ecossistemas não é recente no Brasil. Plantações florestais têm sido estabelecidas desde o século XIX sem, no entanto, até recentemente, terem vínculos estreitos com concepções teóricas, sendo executadas normalmente como uma prática de plantio de mudas, com objetivos muito específicos, como controle de erosão, estabilização de taludes, melhoria visual, entre outros. Com o desenvolvimento dos conceitos e teorias ecológicos, sobretudo nos últimos cinqüenta anos, os programas de manejo e restauração florestal têm deixado de ser meras aplicações de práticas agronômicas e silviculturais, para buscar a reconstrução de interações ecológicas da comunidade, ou seja, os projetos de restauração estão deixando de ser o plantio de um amontoado de indivíduos e passando a considerar o potencial de auto-regeneração do ambiente. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido em um sítio degradado da Reserva Legal do aeroporto municipal de Registro (SP), cidade situada no Vale do Ribeira, com o objetivo de avaliar o potencial da transferência de banco de propágulos alóctone em recuperar áreas degradadas. O uso de banco de propágulos como método de recuperação de áreas degradadas é uma prática já bastante utilizada para a recuperação de áreas mineradas em todo o mundo. Nesses casos, o banco é comumente espalhado na área total, normalmente com grande espessura (20 - 50 cm). Neste trabalho foi testada a deposição do banco de propágulos em sulcos, partindo-se da premissa que esta técnica pode permitir que um mesmo volume de banco seja capaz de recuperar uma área degradada maior, aumentando seu rendimento. Assim, na área experimental foi testado o potencial regenerativo do banco de propágulos através de quatro tratamentos: testemunha (Controle), Calcário (Ca), Calcário + Nitrogênio inicial (Ca+Ni) e Calcário + Nitrogênio em cobertura (Ca+Nc). Cada tratamento foi alocado em um sulco de dimensões 0,3m X 0,3m X 20,0m (1,8 m³), e repetido quatro vezes, totalizando 16 sulcos (28,8 m³). A coleta da serapilheira e do solo até uma profundidade de 20 cm, que corresponde ao banco de propágulos aqui estudado, foi feita em 12 parcelas amostrais de dimensão 3,0mX3,0mX0,2m (1,8m³), distribuídas a esmo nas manchas da floresta classificadas em estágios médio e avançado de regeneração, na faixa de floresta condenada à supressão. O solo e a serapilheira da parcela foram revolvidos com enxada. Este material foi acondicionado em sacos de ráfia de 100L. Entretanto, cada saco continha apenas 60L (~70Kg). Para obedecer este padrão, utilizou-se uma lata de tinta de 18L, estabelecendo-se 3,3 latas por saco. Este volume estabeleceu uma média de 21,33 sacos por parcela. Foi coletado um total de 256 sacos. Estes sacos foram distribuídos em 16 sulcos, com 16 sacos por sulco. Em um ano, iniciado em Setembro de 2006, foram coletados dados de emergência, crescimento, recrutamento e mortalidade dos indivíduos arbustivo-arbóreos. Durante os 12 meses de monitoramento, surgiram 538 indivíduos de 40 espécies, apenas desses hábitos, em uma área de 96m². Aos 12 meses, 409 indivíduos estavam vivos. O tratamento Controle foi aquele que apresentou as maiores quantidades de indivíduos e espécies, apresentou menor número de 7 indivíduos mortos e menores taxas de crescimento. Os demais tratamentos indicaram que os insumos favoreceram apenas o crescimento, tendo havido efeito neutro ou negativo sobre os outros parâmetros avaliados.
The relief of the human damage caused on natural ecosystems is not recent in Brazil. Forest plantations have been established since XIX century, although only recently it have been based on a conceptual framework; before that plantations were planned to attend specific purposes, such as eroding control, embankment slopes, visual improvement, among others. The development of ecological concepts and theories, mostly in the last 50 years, promoted relevant changes on restoration projects, which evolved to consider the environment\'s self-regeneration potential. This study was developed at a degraded site within the Legal Reserve of the airport of Registro, SP, located at Ribeira Valley. The main purpose was to evaluate the alochtonous seed bank transference potential as a restoration technique. Transference of alochtonous propagules is an usual technique for mining areas restoration around the world. In these cases the propagules bank (topsoil) is usually spread as a thick layer (20 - 50cm) over the target area. Here the topsoil was spread over sulcos (arroyos, wales), accepting the idea that with this technique a certain amount of topsoil may recover a larger area, enhancing its income/output. Thus, the regenerative potential of the topsoil was tested over four experimental treatments: attester (Control), Calcareous/Limestone (Ca), initial Calcareous + Nitrogen (Ca+Ni) and on surface Calcareous + Nitrogen (Ca+Nc). Each treatment was allocated into 0.3m x 0.3m x 20m (1.8m3) furrows and repeated four times, in a total of 16 furrows (28.8m3). Topsoil was collected at a 20cm depth, sampled by twelve 3.0m x 3.0m x 0.2m (1.8m2) plots, distributed without direction within secondary forest remnants in late sucessional stages, in the logged area. Topsoil was removed with hoe and bagged into 100L raffia bags. Therefore, each bag was fulfilled with 60L (~70Kg) only. To follow the pattern, 18L paint tin box were used to keep an average number of 3,3 paint tin box per bag. This volume correspond to an average of 21.33 sacos per plot. From September 2006 to September 2007, emergence, growth, recruitment and mortality were monitored. A total of 538 individuals (shrubs and trees) of 40 species were recorded, in a total area of 96m2. After 12 twelve months 409 individuals survived. Control treatment presented the highest individuals and species quantities, the lowest growth rates and mortality. The other treatments revealed that fertilizers indulge growth, with neutral or negative effects over demais evaluated parameters.

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Souza, Silvana Cristina Pereira Muniz de. « Estrategias de regeneração das especies arboreas de um trecho de Floresta Ombrofila Densa Submontana do Parque Estadual de Carlos Botelho, Brasil ». [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314898.

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Orientador: Carlos Alfredo Joly
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T11:35:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_SilvanaCristinaPereiraMunizde_D.pdf: 1575660 bytes, checksum: 98a9f7bfb573c6e75828a881cb9c32dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: O banco de sementes da comunidade, a estrutura e a dinâmica populacional de espécies de diferentes grupos ecológicos, definidos de acordo com a tolerância à sombra, foram avaliados em um trecho de Floresta Ombrófila Densa Submontana. Os objetivos do estudo foram investigar a dinâmica, composição e as características das espécies presentes no banco de sementes; descrever a estrutura e a dinâmica populacional das seguintes espécies arbóreas: i) três colonizadoras de bordas e clareiras - Alseis floribunda, Bathysa australis e Rapanea hermogenesii; iii) três típicas de dossel - Chrysophyllum viride, Quiina glaziovii e Tetrastylidium grandifolium; iii) seis típicas de subosque - Eugenia cuprea, Garcinia gardneriana, Guapira opposita, Handroanthus serratifolius, Inga marginata e Rudgea jasminoides. A área de estudo localiza-se no interior de uma parcela permanente de 10 ha, subdividida em 256 sub-parcelas de 20 x 20 m, instalada no Parque Estadual de Carlos Botelho (24°00¿ a 24°15¿S, 47°45¿ a 48°10¿W), município de Sete Barras, São Paulo. Foram sorteadas 25 sub-parcelas, em cada uma das quais foram coletadas três amostras de solo de 0,25 x 0,25 m, com 0,05 m de profundidade, em março e setembro de 2004 e 2005. As amostras foram incubadas por seis meses, em casa de vegetação sob 70% da luminosidade total. Nas subparcelas sorteadas todos os indivíduos das espécies escolhidas, com altura > 3 cm, foram etiquetados e tiveram registrados a altura e o diâmetro do caule no nível do solo (DAS), em 2004 e 2005. Analisou-se a distribuição dos indivíduos em classes de DAS e altura e calculou-se: coeficiente de Gini, mortalidade, recrutamento e crescimento. Do banco, germinaram 3.204 sementes (170,9 ± 42,6 sem.m-2), de 93 espécies. Dentre as espécies árboreas germinadas, 21 (97,0% do total de sementes germinadas) são intolerantes à sombra e 13 (3,0% do total de sementes germinadas) são tolerantes. Os resultados confirmaram a hipótese de que as espécies arbustivas e arbóreas do banco de sementes desta formação florestal são, predominantemente, intolerantes à sombra e zoocóricas. Em relação às estruturas de tamanho, mais de 60% de todos os indivíduos concentraram-se na classe de menor tamanho e todas as espécies apresentaram valores de Coeficiente de Gini superiores a 0,49, indicando baixa equabilidade de tamanhos (alta hierarquia). Apenas duas espécies apresentaram incremento populacional no período, ambas de subosque - Inga marginata (0,04) e Rudgea jasminoides (0,05) e os maiores descréscimos foram de Chrysophyllum viride (-0,17) e Tetrastylidium grandifolium (-0,12), devido a altas taxas de mortalidade e baixo recrutamento. O crescimento em altura e diâmetro não diferiu entre os grupos ecológicos. No entanto, foi observada uma tendência de maior crescimento em altura e diâmetro com o aumento da classe de tamanho para todas as espécies. Portanto, não foi possível estabelecer uma relação direta entre a estrutura de tamanho e tolerância à sombra para as populações estudadas e os descritores de dinâmica utilizados. Mortalidade, recrutamento e crescimento não indicaram diferenças entre os grupos ecológicos que justifiquem a separação das espécies realizada a priori, reforçando a idéia que os agrupamentos de espécies mascaram diferenças inter e intra-específicas
Abstract: The community seed bank, the structure and population dynamics of species belonging to different ecological groups, defined according to their shade tolerance, were evaluated on a stand of Submontane Ombrophilous Dense Forest. The aims of this study were to investigate the dynamics, composition and characteristics of the species present in the seed bank; to describe the structure and the population dynamics of the following tree species: i) three edge and gap colonizers - Alseis floribunda, Bathysa australis, Rapanea hermogenesii; ii) three typical of the canopy - Chrysophyllum viride, Quiina glaziovii and Tetrastylidium grandifolium; iii) six typical of the understory - Eugenia cuprea, Garcinia gardneriana, Guapira opposita, Handroanthus serratifolius, Inga marginata and Rudgea jasminoides. The studied area is located within a 10 ha permanent plot, subdivided into 256 20 X 20 m sub-plots, installed in the Carlos Botelho State Park 24°00¿ a 24°15¿S, 47°45¿ a 48°10¿W), Sete Barras municipality, São Paulo state. Twenty-five sub-plots were randomly selected, and in each of these sub-plots three 0.25 X 0.25m soil samples, 0.05 m deep, were collected, in March and September 2004 and 2005. Those samples were incubated for six months, in a green house, under 70% of total light. In the selected subplots all individuals of the chosen species that were _ 3 cm in height, were tagged and measured for their height and trunk diameter at ground level (DGL), in both years. Distribution of individuals among DGL and height classes was analyzed and Gini coefficient (G), mortality, recruitment and growth rate were calculated. 3,204 seeds from the seed bank germinated (170,9 ± 42,6 seeds.m-2), of 93 species. From the tree species that germinated, 21 (97% of the total germinated seeds) are shade intolerant and 13 (3% of the total germinated seeds) are shade tolerant. The results confirm the hypothesis that shrub and tree species that form seed bank in this specific type of forest are predominantly shade intolerant and zoocoric. Concerning size structures, more than 60% of all individuals were concentrated in the smallest size class and all species presented Gini Coefficient higher than 0.49, indicating low size evenness (high hierarchy). Only two species showed population increment in the period, both from the understory, Inga marginata (0.04) and Rudgea jasminoides (0.05) and the most expressive decrease were found in Chrysophyllum viride (-0.17) e Tetrastylidium grandifolium (-0.12), due to high mortality rate and low recruitment. Height and diameter growth did not differ among the ecological groups. However, it was observed a tendency for an increased height and diameter growth related to increase in the size class for all species. Hence, it was not possible to establish a direct relation between size structure and shade tolerance for the studied populations and the dynamics descriptors used. Mortality, recruitment and growth, did not indicate differences among the ecological groups that justify the division of species done a priori, reinforcing the idea that species grouping conceal inter and intra-specific differences
Doutorado
Biologia Vegetal
Doutor em Biologia Vegetal

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Долгіх, Володимир Миколайович, Владимир Николаевич Долгих et Volodymyr Mykolaiovych Dolhikh. « Непараметрическая дистанционная оценка относительной эффективности банков Украины ». Thesis, Сумский государственный университет, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/64059.

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Freitas, Otávio Dias de. « Performance dos bancos brasileiros no contexto de digitalização ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/180983.

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Considerando o crescimento da oferta de canais digitais de atendimento por parte dos bancos brasileiros, o presente estudo avalia como o investimento em tecnologia vem afetando a performance dos bancos brasileiros. Em outros contextos, diversos estudos avaliaram o impacto dessa digitalização nos resultados das instituições financeiras. Hernando e Nieto (2007) e Ciciretti et al. (2009), por exemplo, identificaram ganhos de rentabilidade e redução de custos com a implantação do internet banking nos bancos espanhóis e italianos. No presente estudo foram analisadas três medidas de rentabilidade (ROA, ROE e Margem de Intermediação) e duas medidas de despesas (de pessoal e administrativas). Foi também verificada a evolução das Eficiências Técnica, de Custos e Alocativa dos bancos brasileiros no contexto da digitalização e considerando os investimentos em TI. Os resultados sugerem que o investimento em tecnologia da informação pelos bancos possui uma relação positiva e significativa com as variáveis de rentabilidade e com as Despesas Administrativas, concordando parcialmente com os estudos de Hernando e Nieto (2007). Foi verificado também melhora na eficiência técnica dos bancos brasileiros ao longo do período analisado, principalmente nos que possuem maior investimento em TI.
Considering the growing offer of digital service channels from the Brazilian banks, the present study evaluates how the investment in technology is affecting the performance of the Brazilian banks. At other contexts, many studies have evaluated the impact of this digitalization on the results of the finance institutions. Hernando and Nieto (2007) and Ciciretti et al. (2009), for example, identified profit gains and cost reduction as the internet banking was applied on the Spanish and Italian banks. In the present study, it was analysed three measures of profitability (ROA, ROE and Margin of Intermediation) and two measures of expenses (personal and total of administrative expenses). It was also verified the Evolution of the Technical, Cost and Allocative Efficiencies of the Brazilian banks in the context of digitalization and considering the IT investments. The results suggests that the investment in information technology from the banks has a positive and significative relation with the profitability variables and with the Administrative Expenses, partially agreeing with the studies of Hernando and Nieto (2007). It was also verified improvement on the technical efficiency of the Brazilian banks along the analysed period, mainly on that with the greatest Investment in IT.

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Rosa, Robson Machado da. « Relação entre eficiência e rentabilidade no setor bancário brasileiro ». Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4513.

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This work presents a contribution to the study of the relationship between the efficiency and the profitability in the brazilian banks sector, acted by the 50 (fifty) larger banks that act at the country, classified, annually, by Brazil s Central Bank (BACEN), in the period from 2002 to 2005. The efficiency was determined through the data envelopment analysis (DEA), under the vision of the models CCR and BCC, being calculated four efficiency types: standard, inverted, composite and normalized. While the profitability was determined through the added economic value added (EVA®). The necessary data to the development of the study were extracted of the database supplied by BACEN. As analysis technique was used the lineal correlation, that has as function to determine the correlation coefficient (r) among the variables. The results show that don t exist relationship evidences between the efficiency and the profitability in the national banks sector.
Este trabalho apresenta uma contribuição ao estudo do relacionamento entre a eficiência e a rentabilidade no setor bancário brasileiro, representado pelos 50 (cinqüenta) maiores bancos que atuam no país, classificadas, anualmente, pelo Banco Central do Brasil (BACEN), no período de 2002 a 2005. A eficiência foi determinada através da análise por envoltória de dados (DEA), sob a visão dos modelos CCR e BCC, calculando-se quatro tipos de eficiência: padrão, invertida, composta e normalizada. Enquanto que a rentabilidade foi determinada através do valor econômico adicionado (EVA®). Os dados necessários ao desenvolvimento do estudo foram extraídos da base de dados fornecida pelo BACEN. Como técnica de análise utilizou-se a correlação linear, que tem como função determinar o coeficiente de correlação (r) entre as variáveis. Os resultados mostram que não existem evidências de relacionamento entre a eficiência e a rentabilidade no setor bancário nacional.

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Costa, Francisco Maria Nunes da. « Relação entre eficiência e dimensão : serão os maiores bancos mais eficientes em termos de custos ? » Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11295.

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Mestrado em Finanças
No decorrer da crise financeira iniciada em 2007, assistiu-se ao resgate financeiro de várias instituições financeiras, nomeadamente de bancos de grande dimensão. Esta política baseia-se na premissa "Demasiado Grande para Cair" ("Too Big To Fail"), termo aplicado para descrever a situação em que determinadas instituições financeiras consideradas de grande dimensão, ao atravessarem dificuldades, terão impactos negativos na economia e sistema financeiro. Para fazer face a essas dificuldades recorreu-se à intervenção governamental. Tendo este contexto como base de partida, neste trabalho é proposta uma análise aos níveis de eficiência. Mais especificamente, propomos analisar e quantificar a relação entre as variáveis eficiência e dimensão, e corroborar se efetivamente maior dimensão significa melhores níveis de eficiência. Analisaram-se os maiores bancos da Zona Euro nos últimos 10 anos. A metodologia usada para medir a eficiência foi o método Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Recorremos ainda ao teste de causalidade de Granger como forma de avaliar a relação entre dimensão e eficiência. Relativamente aos resultados obtidos, podemos concluir que existem evidências de uma relação positiva entre a dimensão e eficiência. De facto, os maiores bancos, são os que apresentam, em média, maiores níveis de eficiência. Dos coeficientes estimados através do teste de causalidade de Granger, é possível concluir que será mais exequível aumentar a dimensão de um banco através da melhoria dos seus níveis de eficiência, que aumentar a eficiência via aumento da dimensão.
During the financial crisis that began in 2007, several bailouts of financial institutions, including large banks, occurred. This policy was based on the premise of "Too Big to Fall". A term used to describe a situation where certain financial institutions considered large are struggling with financial difficulties, will have negative impacts on the economy and on the financial system. So government intervention was the approach to deal and address these difficulties. Having this context as starting point, this work presents an analysis of the efficiency levels. More specifically, we analyzed and quantified the relationship between the variables efficiency and size, to prove if bigger means better efficiency levels. We analyzed the largest banks in the Eurozone in the last decade. The methodology used to measure the efficiency levels was the method Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). We also used the Granger causality test in order to assess the relationship between size and efficiency. With regard to results, we conclude that there is evidence of a positive relationship between size and efficiency levels. In fact, the largest banks are those which have, on average, higher levels of efficiency. The estimated coefficients with Granger causality test, allows us to conclude that it will be achievable to increase bank size by improving their efficiency levels.

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Gray, Jeffrey A., et Nicholas E. Hagemeier. « Prescription Drug Abuse and DEA-Sanctioned Drug Take-Back Events : Characteristics and Outcomes in Rural Appalachia ». Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1469.

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Proper disposal of controlled substance medications, a legally gray area since the Controlled Substance Act of 1970 was passed, has received renewed attention in recent years because of an increase in deaths related to opioid pain reliever (OPR) overdoses and increased nonmedical use of OPRs.1,2 Prescription drug take-back events have been organized under the purview of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) to properly dispose of controlled substance medications; to decrease prescription medication diversion, abuse, and accidental poisonings; and to decrease environmental hazards resulting from improper medication disposal. The DEA has reported pounds of medications in aggregate donated at take-back events but has not examined the extent to which OPRs are being donated at these events.3 We analyzed the characteristics of donors and medications donated at 11 take-back events in rural Appalachia, an area struggling with disproportionately high rates of OPR nonmedical use and abuse.

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Sghaier, Asma. « Étude comparative entre l'efficience des banques conventionnelles et celles non conventionnelles : Fondements théoriques et Validation empirique ». Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL2002.

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Cette étude se propose de mesurer la performance, l’efficience et la concurrence des banques islamiques et conventionnelles dans la région de MENA et ses déterminants. Nous utilisons à cet effet le ROAA et ROAE pour appréhender la rentabilité globale et la méthode de l’enveloppement des données (DEA) et la méthode de l’analyse de la frontière stochastique (SFA) pour calculer les scores d’efficacité technique. Les résultats révèlent des évolutions semblables des deux types de mesure de performance. L’analyse par catégorie de banques révèle que les banques conventionnelles sont plus performantes que les banques islamiques. Malgré les changements technologiques qu’a connu le système bancaire de la région MENA, l’analyse de l’efficience montre que l’inefficience technique provient de l’inefficience technique pure. Enfin, l’efficacité des banques de la région MENA est sensible aux variables telles que la crise, les dépôts, la capitalisation et notamment les variables liées aux lignes de métiers
This thesis addressed the subject of "Operational Efficiency of Islamic Banks : A Comparative Empirical Study", in order to assess the efficiency of Islamic banks in controlling costs as compared to those of conventional banks. This Search has been divided into five chapters as follows :Chapter I : General concepts and principles;Chapter II : Competition between banks Islamic and conventional banks in opticalefficiency;Chapter III : Banking efficiency: concepts and approaches to measure;Chapter IV : Framework for analysis and research methodology;Chapter V : An Econometric Study of the operational efficiency of Islamic banks andconventional banks;The study found a set of results, including: that the traditional banks are more efficient than Islamic banks, both in the exploitation of the resources available or in a combination of these resources optimally and then to control costs, and that the conventional banks and Islamic banks are more efficient in utilization of available resources to reach output from the use of the optimal mix of these resources

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Bitar, Mohammad. « L'impact de la réglementation bancaire sur la stabilité et l'efficience des banques islamiques : une analyse comparée avec les banques conventionnelles ». Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENG017/document.

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Cette thèse de doctorat est une première tentative d'examiner si les réglementations bancaires ont le même impact sur la stabilité et l'efficience des banques islamiques que sur celles des banques conventionnelles. Suite aux nouvelles recommandations de Bâle III, nous étudions l'impact des exigences minimales en matière de fonds propres, de liquidité et de levier financier sur la stabilité et l'efficience des banques islamiques comparativement aux banques conventionnelles. Une première étude exploratoire utilise l'analyse en composantes principales (ACP), les méthodes Logit et Probit et les régressions MCO pour montrer que les banques islamiques disposent d'un capital plus élevé, qu'elles sont plus liquides, plus profitables, mais moins stables que leurs homologues conventionnelles. Une deuxième étude empirique examine la stabilité des banques islamiques et utilise la régression quantile pour montrer que les banques islamiques sont moins stables que les banques classiques. L'étude prouve également que des exigences de fonds propres renforcées améliorent la stabilité des banques islamiques les plus petites et les plus liquides, tandis que le levier financier est négativement associé à la stabilité de ce type de banques. Des contraintes de liquidité plus fortes renforcent la stabilité des grandes banques islamiques alors que l'effet est inverse pour les petites banques. Enfin, nous examinons l'efficience des banques islamiques en utilisant la méthode d'enveloppement des données (DEA). Nous constatons que les banques islamiques sont plus efficientes que les banques conventionnelles. Nous trouvons aussi que des exigences de capital et de liquidité accrues pénalisent l'efficience des petites banques islamiques très liquides, alors que l'inverse est vrai pour le levier financier. Ces résultats montrent notamment qu'en matière de réglementation du capital pour les petites banques islamiques très liquides, un choix est à opérer entre une efficience accrue ou une stabilité renforcée
This PhD dissertation is the first attempt to examine whether banking regulations have the same impact on the stability and the efficiency of Islamic than for conventional banks. We benefit of Basel III recommendations to investigate the impact of bank capital, liquidity and leverage requirements on the stability and the efficiency of Islamic banks compared to conventional banks. A first exploratory study uses Principal Component Analysis, Logit and Probit methods, and OLS regressions and shows that Islamic banks have higher capital, liquidity, and profitability, but that they are less stable than their conventional counterparts. A second empirical study examines the stability of Islamic banks using conditional quantile regressions and proves that Islamic banks are less stable than conventional banks. It also shows that higher capital and lower leverage improve the adjusted profits of small and highly liquid Islamic banks. Liquidity is positively associated with the stability of large Islamic banks while an opposite effect is detected when small Islamic banks are examined. Finally, we study the efficiency of Islamic banks using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and find that Islamic banks are more efficient than conventional banks. We also find that higher capital and liquidity requirements penalize the efficiency of small and highly liquid Islamic banks, while the opposite is true for financial leverage. These results show that concerning capital requirements for small and highly liquid Islamic banks, a possible trade-off could be found between stability and efficiency

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Harrison, Gabriella, et Charlotte Elmér. « Seniorboende - en ny bostadsform för äldre : En studie om uppkomsten av seniorboende och varför äldre väljer att bo i denna boendeform ». Thesis, University West, Division of Social Pedagogy and Sociology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-1510.

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Seniorboende är en ny boendeform för äldre, från 55 år och uppåt. Vilka faktorer går att urskilja i offentliga debatten när det gäller tillkomsten av dessa boende? Varför flyttar människor dit och hur upplevs boendet? En stor förändring för äldre var när kvarboendeprincipen hade sitt intåg i Sverige under 1950- talet. Denna innebar att människor inte längre kunde tvingas flytta ifrån sina hem när de blev gamla och sjuka. Under våra verksamma år inom äldreomsorgen har vi sett ytterligare en stor förändring i form av ädelreformens införande år 1992. Ett ökat ansvar lades på kommunerna och i och med detta avvecklades ålderdomshemmen för att lämna plats för särskilda boenden. Dessa två stora förändringar har haft betydelse för hur man ser på den åldrande människan och boendet på äldre dar. Samhället har förändrats från att vara kollektivt inriktat till att idag vara allt mer inriktat mot individualismen. Dagens äldre har andra krav och förväntningar på boendet därför har tanken om seniorboende vuxit fram. Denna boendeform är en vanlig hyresrätt men utformningen är annorlunda med tanke på att de ska kunna bo kvar vid ökat hjälpbehov. När man uppför dessa boende bygger man ofta med central placering i samhället. En viktig faktor i byggandet är en gemensam lokal för att de boende ska ha möjlighet till gemenskap. Man utgår ifrån att boendet ska kännas tryggt och tillgängligt för de som bor där. Seniorboende kan vara en viktig faktor för äldre där svaga band kan utvecklas, då mångas sociala nätverk har utarmats, vid till exempel förändrade familjebildningar.

Senior housing is new living residents for elderly people, from 55 year and up. What factors can we see in official documents for the establishment of senior housing? Why do the people move to these living residence and how is the living there? One big changing for the elderly people was when the “kvarboendeprincip” started in Sweden under the 1950 century. That means that people not longer had to move from their home when they become older and ill. During the time we have worked in geriatric care have we seen a large changing in shape of the “ädelreform” which came 1992. A larger responsibility was giving to the municipality and they started to phase out the old people´s home and started with “särskilda boenden” instead. These two big reformatories have had importance for the sight of the human being and her living residence. The society has gone from position of collectivism to a more individualistic society nowadays. Today have the elderly person more demands and expectations on their living form and that’s why the thought of senior hosing has grown. This form of living residence is an ordinary renting apartment but the shape are different and the thought are that they could live there if they become in need of more help in the home. When they started to build these senior housing they often build them central in the society. One important factor for the buildings is that they have a joint local for they who live there should have a feeling of solidarity. They assume from that the living residence shall feel securely and easy of access for them who lives there. Senior housing can be an important factor for elderly people there week ties can be developed, when the social networks has been changed, by for example changed family situations

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Fogliata, Stefano. « “Who does know how to go back home?” Overlapping spatio-temporalities of exile in Lebanon’s Palestinian camps ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/128685.

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Despite being historically spatially contracted and socially constrained, Palestinian camps in Lebanon have turned once more into “transitional zones of emplacement” (Janmyr and Knudsen, 2016) for thousands of people recently fleeing the Syrian conflict. The research investigates how refugees living in camps experience different scales of mobility and develop a wide range of daily practices that extends beyond the camp's boundaries, exploring how imperceptible and hyper-mobile tactics of existence re-elaborate Palestinian refugee camps into meaningful places of elusive contestation. Moving from newcomers’ strategies for protection mainly mainly performed during nighttime, my work expounds on how refugees reinterpret boundaries between camps and “forms of camp spaces” (Fiddian-Qasmiyeh and Qasmiyeh, 2013) through a wide spectrum of practices grounded on translocal informal networks. Mainly grounded on two-year fieldwork started in 2014, the research hinges on the interconnectivities evolving around the Palestinian Bourj el Barajneh camp and Hezbollah-controlled Beirut southern suburbs.After playing for several months with tens of young Palestinian and Syrian young men informally gathering at the pitch, I significantly deepened my presence and connections in the camp by becoming part of one football team regularly playing in the camp.By extensively investigating practices of mutual recognition and invisibility emerging between the “habitual” residents and Syria’s refugees inside and outside the football field, my work focuses on how transnational discourses and outdoor practices in locality effectively contest international gaps in protection, national securitization policies and arbitrary measures by local non-state actors.

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Larsson, Vilma, et Agnes Linderholm. « VILKEN BETYDELSE HAR SOCIALT KAPITAL FÖR TILLITEN TILL POLISEN I SVERIGE ? : En kvantitativ studie av det sociala kapitalets relativa betydelse för polistilliten, samt en analys av tillitsbegreppet i denna kontex ». Thesis, Umeå universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-175866.

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Allmänhetens tillit är avgörande för att polisen ska kunna fylla sin funktion i rättssamhället, och därför är det också nödvändigt att öka förståelsen för vad som påverkar den. Denna kvantitativa studie syftar således till att undersöka betydelsen av bakomliggande faktorer för tilliten till polisen i Sverige, med ett särskilt fokus på den potentiella betydelsen av socialt kapital. Därtill undersöks även vad begreppet tillit “innefattar”, samt formas av, i den aktuella kontexten.Eftersom individuellt socialt kapital kan sägas medföra en högre delaktighet i samhället, kan detta även tänkas ha en påverkan på polistilliten. Sambandet mellan polistillit och socialt kapital kommer undersökas utifrån Colemans teoretiska resonemang samt tidigare forskning. Studien bygger på data från två omgångar av European Social Survey (2010 och 2012). För att besvara syftet har multipla regressionsanalyser använts som huvudsaklig analysmetod, i kombination med korrelationsanalys och faktoranalys. Resultaten visar på att samtliga undersökta dimensioner av socialt kapital har signifikanta positiva samband med polistilliten, och deras sammanlagda förklaringskraft utmärkte sig som hög, i relation till övriga bakgrundsfaktorer. Dimensionen mellanmänsklig tillit visade på starkast samband med tilliten av samtliga variabler i analysen. Resultaten rörande analysen av tillitsbegreppet visar att det tycks vara en generell uppfattning om huruvida polisen gör “ett bra jobb” som är mest betydelsefull för individuell skattning av tillit till polisen. Sammanfattningsvis kan det konstateras att socialt kapital har en signifikant betydelse för allmänhetens polistillit i Sverige; en slutsats som kan inspirera arbete som potentiellt kan förbättra polisens samhällsfunktion.

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Musajeva, Schirin, et Gökhan Karanlioglu. « Comparison of Efficiency and Productivity between Islamic Banks in the GCC region : A quantitative study using DEA and Malmquist index ». Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-138446.

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Monteiro, João Carlos Marques Tomás Grade. « Did the recent financial crisis contribute to an EU Multi-Speed Banking System ? » Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12985.

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Mestrado em Finanças
O elevado impacto da crise financeira de 2007-08 na União Europeia (UE) gerou um período marcado por incerteza e ineficiência, enfatizando as discrepâncias entre os países pertencentes à UE. A presente dissertação tem como principal propósito investigar os efeitos da recente crise financeira no desempenho do sistema bancário em diferentes países da UE, apresentando resultados empíricos da sua evolução durante o período de 2000 a 2014. Um painel composto por 12 países pertencentes à UE (Alemanha, Áustria, Bélgica, Espanha, França, Holanda, Grécia, Irlanda, Itália, Portugal, Reino Unido e Suécia) foi selecionado e subdividido de acordo com a reacção dos países face à crise financeira. Foram analisados três níveis de eficiência (Eficiência Técnica, Alocativa e de Custos) obtidos através da metodologia Data Envelopment Analysis, um método não paramétrico, usando como variáveis os dados presentes nas contas consolidadas das demonstrações financeiras do aglomerado de bancos comerciais e de poupança de cada país, obtidos através da base de dados Bankscope. Os principais resultados da análise indicam um aumento dos níveis de eficiência nos países analisados da UE nos últimos anos, bem como a redução das oscilações dos níveis de eficiência. A comparação entre os países analisados permitiu concluir que se mantém um fosso nos níveis de eficiência no período Pós-Crise, induzindo diferentes impactos e reacções à crise financeira por parte dos países definidos para esta análise. No entanto não existe evidência empírica de uma relação entre indicadores macroeconómicos e eficiência bancária nos países seleccionados.
The impact of the global financial crisis of 2007-08 in the European Union (EU) induced a transition process marked by uncertainty and inefficiency, emphasizing the discrepancies among EU countries. Following this thought, this paper aims to investigate the effects of the recent financial crisis in bank system performance in different EU countries, providing empirical evidence regarding its evolution over the period of time 2000-2014. A panel composed of 12 EU countries (Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom) was selected and subdivided according to countries' reactions to the financial crisis. Three types of efficiency (Technical, Allocative and Cost Efficiency) were computed applying the Data Envelopment Analysis, a non-parametric approach, using as bank level variables the annual consolidated financial statement accounts of the agglomerate commercial and savings banks presented in BankScope Database. The main results point out an overall improvement of banking efficiency in the EU in the last sample years as well as a reduction of efficiency level´s oscillations in a yearly basis. From the comparison of banking efficiency among the selected countries it was observed the maintenance of a significant efficiency level gap in the Post-Crisis period, inducing different impacts and reactions to periods of financial distress in the countries defined for this analysis. Nevertheless, it was not found any strong empirical evidence of a relationship between bank performance and macroeconomic environment in the selected countries.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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Andersson, Matilda, et Maria Edelsvärd. « Bankkontorens nya roll : En uppsats om att skapa kundmötesplatser med hjälp av design ». Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för ekonomi och företagande, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-9219.

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Avregleringen som skedde på mitten av åttiotalet medförde att fler aktörer etablerade sig på marknaden vilket genererade en hårdare konkurrens. En branschglidning uppstod som innebar att bank och försäkring blev ett. Förändringar av de befintliga tjänsterna inom finanssektorn har resulterat i att den mänskliga faktorn i bank- och försäkringsbolagen till stor del har fallit bort och ersatts av mer automatiserade tjänster. Fler bankkontor har slagit igen portarna och de som finns kvar har fått en ny roll i samhället och fungerar idag främst som rådgivningsplatser. De tjänster som kontoren idag erbjuder är av mer komplex karaktär och får därigenom en högre betydelse för kunden. Utformningen av kontor har således visat sig bli ett allt viktigare komplement vilket bank- och försäkringsbolagen kan differentiera sig med och sända ut signaler till sina kunder, detta på en marknad som präglas av mycket hård konkurrens. Utformningen av den fysiska mötesplatsen blir förutsättning för bank- och försäkringsbolagens framtida överlevnad. Syftet med denna uppsats var att analysera och utvärdera två bank- och försäkringsföretag som differentierar genom utformning av den fysiska mötesplatsen. Studien visade att det finns en designstrategisk tanke bakom implementeringen av den fysiska mötesplatsen i bank- och försäkringskontoren. Men är inte personalen nöjd med utformningen finns det en risk att detta kan påverka den service företaget levererar. Det framkom att kunderna hade höga förväntningar på den service som ges av bank- och försäkringskontoren och att omgivningen inte är det primära för kunden i servicemötet utan kommer sekundärt efter den service som ges men att omgivningen ändå har en betydelse. Studien visade även att det finns en koppling mellan utformningen av bankkontoren och den levererade servicekvaliteten. Design kan stärka intrycket och uppfattningen om den service som ges. Rätt arbetsmiljö gör att företagen kan leverera en bättre kvalitet till kund. En god servicekvalitet leder till nöjda kunder vilket i sin tur leder till lojala kunder. Det är således viktigt att företagen ser till både service och miljö när de ska utforma den fysiska mötesplatsen och inte utesluter miljön även om detta inte är det huvudsakliga för kunden.
The deregulation that occurred in the mid-eighties meant that more companies established themselves on the market which generated a fiercer competition. An industry shift occurred whereby the banking and insurance became one unit. Changes of the existing services in the financial sector has led to the human factor in the banking and insurance companies have largely disappeared and been replaced by the more automated services. Many bank offices have closed down and those that are left have been given a new role in society and work today mainly as advisory sites. The services provided by offices today offers is more complex in nature and therefore have a higher importance to the customer. Design of the office has thus proved to be an increasingly important complement which the banking and insurance companies can differentiate themselves and send out signals to its customers, that in a market characterized by strong competition. The design of the physical location is becoming essential for banking and insurance companies future survival. The purpose of this paper was to analyze and evaluate two banks and insurance companies that differentiate through the design of the physical meeting place. The study showed that there is a design-strategic thinking behind the implementation of the physical meeting place in the banking and insurance offices. But is not the staff satisfied with the design, there is a risk that this may affect the service company delivers. It was found that customers had high expectations of the service provided by the banking and insurance offices and the surroundings is not the primary for the customer in the service meeting but are secondary after the service that is provided, but nevertheless the atmosphere still has a significant. The study also showed a connection between the design of bank offices and the delivered service quality. Design can enhance the impression and perception of the service provided. The right working environment enables companies to deliver a better quality to the customer. A good quality of service leads to a happy customer which in turn leads into loyal customers. It is therefore important that companies ensure both service and environment when designing the physical meeting location and do not exclude environment, although this is not the principal for the customer.

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Andersson, Joakim. « Band Structure Modelling of Strained Bulk and Quantum Dot III-Nitrides to Determine the Linear Polarization for Interband Recombinations ». Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-150835.

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8-band k.p theory was applied to bulk GaN and InN. The optical transitionintensity was computed and results show > 80-90% degree of polarization inthe direction of compression. Polarization switching is observed when strainwas reversed from compressive to tensile. 6 band k.p theory was used tostudy InGaN quantum dot/GaN elliptical pyramid structures. The opticaltransition intensity was calculated for different elongations of the pyramid.Elongation of the pyramid gives rise to a small polarization in the directionof the pyramid elongation. The optical transition intensity was calculatedfor elongated quantum dots and was strongly in uencing the polarization inthe direction of the quantum dot elongation, with a degree of polarization of >90%.

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Долгіх, Володимир Миколайович, Владимир Николаевич Долгих et Volodymyr Mykolaiovych Dolhikh. « Непараметрическое исследование относительной эффективности украинских банков в 2005–2011 годах ». Thesis, ДИАЙПИ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/64137.

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Банковская система является важнейшим сектором экономики, обеспечивающим ее кредитование за счет привлечения оборотных средств предприятий и сбережений населения. Некачественный банковский менеджмент, неадекватная рисковая политика негативно влияют как на эффективность банковской системы, так и на эффективность экономики страны.

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Barker, Frances. « Under international law, when can states deny refugees asylum on the basis of national security : an analysis of the 2017 U.S. ‘travel ban’ executive orders and the suspension of the refugee admissions program ». Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29407.

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In 2017, President Trump of the United States issued the ‘Travel-Ban’ Executive Orders. These orders restricted immigration from certain Muslim-majority countries and suspended the U.S. Refugee Admissions Program for 120 days. Subsequently, on 24 September 2017, the President issued Proclamation 9645, which continued many of these immigration restrictions. The actions of the U.S. President reflect the growing connection between refugees and issues of national security. This paper seeks answer the question as to when states can reject refugees on the basis of national security under international law. Particularly, this paper provides an overview of the international refugee law regime and the extent to which nation states are bound by their obligations. Subsequently, this paper outlines the national security exceptions to refugee status under international law – with specific regard to Article 33(2) and Article 1F of the UNHCR Refugee Convention, and the concept of non-entrée. Following, it outlines the domestic U.S. immigration and refugee law regime, and its relationship to international law. Subsequently, this paper performs an analysis of President Trump’s ‘travel-ban’ executive orders. Finally, it assesses whether the executive orders violate the United States’ international law obligations – holding that a blanket immigration and refugee ban does not fall within the scope of the national security exceptions provided in international law. In conclusion, this paper holds that the ‘travel-ban’ executive orders and the Proclamation put the U.S. in violation of its obligations under international law. This paper aligns with the current literature in its examination of the relationship between national security and refugee law – however, it is able to consider these issues in light of recent events in international refugee law. Importantly, this paper provides an academic analysis of the executive orders and the Proclamation from an international law perspective, where much of the previous literature focused primarily on U.S. domestic law. Thus, this paper aims to be at the forefront of legal analysis of the United States’ policies regarding refugees and immigration.

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Abrahamsson, David. « Locked in or true love : Branding among banks : A qualitative study of technologies, brand equity, switching barriers, choice criteria and future strategies in the context of retail banking ». Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-95044.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to increase the knowledge about technology based services affection of the ability of retail banks to build customer based brand equity among students. Design/methodology/approach – A conceptual model has been developed from theories regarding customer based brand equity, switching barriers and choice criteria. Based on this conceptual model, seven in depth interviews including several brand elicitation techniques were conducted. Findings – The findings show that students perceive the target banks to be rather similar, especially regarding technologies. In addition, the students are satisfied with their bank, however; the technology based services have difficulties in creating true customer based brand equity. Behind this difficulties are the special character of financial service combined with the student role. Together, these results suggest that the banks need to do something besides the actual services in order to build customer based brand equity and keep the customers for a long term relationship. These strategies must be developed and implemented carefully in order to keep the current image of credibility. Research limitations/implications – The paper has not included comprehensive eliciting techniques and this must be taken into account when reflecting about unconscious brand associations. Practical implications – The findings include good insights and advices that bank managers can use to create meaningful differentiations in the future and attract and keep students as customers for a long time. Originality/value - The paper combines customer based brand equity with switching barriers, which give valuable insights to both banks and researchers. Moreover, the time period of the study related to the technological innovation provides the brand equity research in the financial sector with updated knowledge.

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Ben, Cheikh Jalal. « Expansion du crédit et de la masse monétaire : analyse comparative de l’efficience des banques conventionnelles et islamiques à l’aide de la méthode mathématique Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) ». Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020015.

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Cette thèse se concentre sur la compréhension et l'analyse de l'efficacité technique des banques islamiques et conventionnelles. La thèse est divisée en deux parties : dans la première partie, l'étude fournit des illustrations théoriques utiles pour une comparaison détaillée entre les banques conventionnelles et islamiques, couvrant les différences en terme du système bancaire, la structure organisationnelle, la création monétaire, la structure du bilan, le rôle de la banque centrale et leurs impacts sur les cycles économiques. La deuxième partie se focalise sur le calcul des scores d'efficacité technique, pour essayer de comprendre la répartition des scores sous trois hypothèses principales : Constant Return to Scale (CRS), Variable Return to Scale (VRS), et Scale Efficiency (SE). La deuxième partie comprend également une analyse de régression pour explorer les différentes variables financières qui affectent l'efficacité technique, et qui expliquent la différence entre les scores des deux catégories de banques. L'échantillon de cette étude contient 1 425 banques commerciales et 85 banques islamiques tirées de la base Bankscope. La méthode utilisée dans la première partie combine la Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) et l'Analyse Descriptive, tandis que la deuxième partie est réalisée selon la régression Tobit. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que les scores de type Scale Efficiency sont préférables pour représenter l’efficacité, par rapport aux scores CRS et VRS. L'étude montre également que les banques islamiques sont statistiquement plus efficaces que les banques conventionnelles. De plus, l'étude a révélé que le rendement de l’actif moyen, le ratio prêt net / actif total, la marge nette d'intérêts et le ratio des capitaux propres par rapport au total des actifs ont une incidence importante sur le rendement
This thesis focuses on two parts: providing theoretical understanding and investigation of technical efficiency score in Islamic and conventional banks. This study is divided into two parts. In the first part, the study provides useful theoretical illustrations regarding the comparison between conventional banks and Islamic banks in greater details, covering the difference in banking scheme, organization structure, money creation, balance sheet structure, the function of a central bank, and the difference on impact to economic system and economic cycles. The second part is the calculation of technical efficiency score to understand how the distribution of score across banks under three primary assumptions: Constant Return to Scale, Variable return to Scale and Scale Efficiency. The second part involves regression analysis in understanding financial variables affecting technical efficiency and how different the score between Islamic and conventional banks. The sample of this study is 1,425 commercial banks and 85 Islamic banks (Data downloaded from Bankscope Database). The method used in the first part is Data Envelopment Analysis and Descriptive Analysis, while the method used in the second part is Tobit regression. The findings in this study shows that Scale Efficiency score is better to represent efficiency score compared to Variable Return to Scale and Constant Return to Scale. The study also shows that Islamic banks are statistically more efficient than conventional banks. Moreover, the study found that return on average asset, net loan to total asset ratio, net interest margin, and equity to total asset ratio significantly affect the efficiency score

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Edström, John. « ”I was anxious to keep her in ignorance” : - berättarperspektiv och makt i Emily Brontës Wuthering Heights ». Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för svenska och litteratur, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-104253.

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Denna uppsats redogör för och undersöker berättarperspektiv och maktrelationer i Emily Brontës roman Wuthering Heights. På vilket sätt läsaren tar del av romanens komplexa berättande, om det är samma berättare genom hela romanen eller om det skiftar, vilka maktrelationer som existerar mellan romangestalterna och förhållanden mellan makt och berättarperspektiv undersöks genom analys av verket.

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Vinha, Daniella 1978. « Dinâmica da regeneração natural via sementes em uma floresta montana no Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar ». [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314918.

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Orientadores: Carlos Alfredo Joly, Flavio Antonio Maës dos Santos
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Estudos prévios demonstraram baixa sazonalidade na frutificação em florestas tropicais não-sazonais, o que poderia influenciar o padrão temporal e espacial da chuva de sementes e do banco de sementes. Entretanto, esses processos não são conhecidos. O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar como ocorre a regeneração natural via sementes em uma floresta tropical Montana no Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar. Foram testadas as hipóteses: (1) a sazonalidade na chuva de sementes é fraca ou ausente e esse padrão não se diferencia dentro dos modos de dispersão; (2) o banco de sementes é florísticamente relacionado com a chuva de sementes e espacialmente acoplado; (3) o banco de sementes apresenta baixa sazonalidade e esse padrão não difere dentro dos modos de dispersão. Em 2 hectares de floresta, nós registramos o total de 29959-62904 diásporos na chuva de sementes (104-106 spp.), 1029-2999 diásporos no banco de sementes da serapilheira (36-38 spp.) e 6288-7824 plântulas no banco de sementes do solo (74-82 spp.) ao longo de dois anos. Asteraceae, Urticaceae e Melastomataceae foram abundantes na chuva de sementes (63-81%), no banco de sementes da serapilheira (70-73%) e no banco de sementes do solo (77-84%). A maior riqueza de espécies foi de arbóreas na chuva de sementes (59-61%) e banco de sementes da serapilheira (72-68%), e de herbáceas no banco de sementes do solo (ca. 55%). Houve maior proporção de sementes arbóreas em todas as vias de regeneração, assim como maior riqueza de espécies zoocóricas (mais de 50%). Entretanto, a anemocoria contribuiu com a maior proporção do total de sementes no banco de sementes do solo (ca. 75%) e da chuva de sementes de uma das áreas (64%). Houve sazonalidade na chuva de sementes com um único pico na abundância (Out-Nov). Esse padrão foi reforçado pela sazonalidade na abundância e riqueza de espécies da chuva de sementes anemocórica e zoocórica, ambas ocorrendo no período de maior precipitação. A chuva de sementes influenciou a composição de espécies das sementes contidas na serapilheira e no solo. Entretanto, o acoplamento espacial entre as vias de regeneração ocorreu somente em uma das áreas. O banco de sementes não apresentou variações na composição florística e houve fraca variação temporal na densidade e riqueza de espécies, repercutindo igualmente dentro dos modos de dispersão. Esse estudo demonstrou que a chuva de sementes pode ser sazonal em condições de baixa sazonalidade ambiental, independente do modo de dispersão das sementes. A relação entre composição da chuva de sementes e das sementes contidas na serapilheira e no solo revela que essas vias são interligadas e dependentes entre si, resultando em padrões espaciais agrupados. Como resultado, a baixa variação temporal do banco de sementes não pode ser atribuída à baixa sazonalidade na chuva de sementes. O fato de não haver acúmulo de sementes no solo após o período de dispersão sugere o baixo tempo de permanência das sementes. Por outro lado, a falta de acoplamento espacial em uma das áreas sugere processos de pós-dispersão atuando na reestruturação espacial do banco de sementes
Abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated low seasonality in the fruiting phenology in aseasonal tropical forests, which could influence the spatial and temporal pattern of seed rain and seed bank. However, these processes are poorly known. The aim of this study was to determine seed natural regeneration in an Atlantic tropical Montane forest located in southeast of Brazil, Serra do Mar State Park. The hipotheses were tested: (1) seasonality of seed rain is weak or absent and this pattern is no different within the dispersal modes; (2) the floristic composition of seed bank is closely related with seed rain and there is a spatial association between them; (3) the seed bank has a low seasonality and this pattern is the same within the dispersal modes. In two hectares of forest we recorded total of 29959-62904 seeds in the seed rain (104-106 spp.), 1029-2999 seeds in the litter seed bank (36-38 spp.) and 6288-7824 seedlings in the soil seed bank (78-82 spp.) over two years. Asteraceae, Urticaceae and Melastomataceae were abundant in the seed rain (63-81%), litter seed bank (70-73%) and soil seed bank (77-84%). Trees accounted to higher species richness in the seed rain (59-61%) and litter seed bank (72-68%). Herbaceous were most important to the species richness of soil seed bank (ca. 55%). There were more of tree seeds in all regeneration modes, as well as greater zoochorous species richness (more than 50%). However, anemochory had the largest proportion of total seeds in the soil seed bank (ca. 75%) as well as one of the areas where the seed rain was sampled (64%). There was seasonality of seed rain with a single peak in abundance (Oct-Nov). This pattern was reinforced by seasonality in the anemochorous and zoochorous abundance and species richness of seed rain, both occurring in the period of greatest rainfall. Seed rain influenced the species composition of the seeds in the litter and soil. However, the spatial coupling between the regeneration modes occurred in only one area. The soil seed bank showed no changes in the floristic composition and there was a weak temporal variation in density and species richness reflecting also within in the dispersal syndromes. This study demonstrated that seasonality in seed rain can occur even in tropical forests where environmental seasonality is low, regardless of the manner in which the seeds are dispersed. The relationship between seed rain and seed bank composition (litter and soil) reveals that these pathways are interconnected and dependent on each other, resulting in clustered spatial patterns. As a result, the low temporal variation of soil seed bank can not be attributed to the low seasonality of seed rain. Since there is no seed accumulation in the soil after a period of seed dispersal, short residence time of the seed in the soil is suggested. On the other hand, the lack of spatial association between seed rain and seed bank in one of the areas suggests post-dispersal processes acting in the spatial restructuring of the seed bank
Doutorado
Biologia Vegetal
Doutor em Biologia Vegetal

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Jägerfeld, Caroline. « En aning om ett sällsamt universum : En undersökning av C.J.L. Almqvists ”poetiska fuga” ». Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Litteraturvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-41878.

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ABSTRACT And concrete diction Carl Jonas Love Almqvist’s Drottningens juvelsmycke (The Queen's Tiara; 1834) is, along with Amorina, the work primarily associated with the ”poetic fugue” – a concept the author develops in ”Om enheten av epism och dramatism; en aning om den poetiska fugan” (”On the unity of epism and dramatism; a notion of the poetic fugue”; 1821); an essay often considered vague and theoretical by researchers in the field. The meaning of the poetic fugue has been regarded unclear, but mainly considered as some kind of synthesis of epic and dramatic writing. This essay argues that that is not the case, and that this one-dimensional approach both limits the interpretations of the essay and the poetic fugue as a whole. From a multidisciplinary perspective, with myself and my own reader as a part of the fugue itself, the aim of this essay is to highlight a very important overseen aspect of the poetic fugue, and Almqvist’s writing in general – the connections to mathematics, the analogies between abstract and concrete levels, and how these are deeply intertwined. The results in this essay are derived from a close reading technique based on mathematical problem solving called the ideotic method (den ideotiska metoden), and analyzed with Douglas Hofstadter's theory of Strange loops in Gödel, Escher, Bach – an eternal golden braid (1979). This analysis shows that this analogy is not just about the composition of a poetic piece of art, a synthesis of epic and dramatic writing, or the relation between music and text. Instead the results do point to an alternative interdisciplinary interpretation, where the relations between parts and units, realities and fictions, readers and texts, make the poetic fugue more of an analogy for the universe as a whole – a living and breathing ”animal coeleste” in contrast to the Newtonian ”mechanical coeleste”. An analogy which, thanks to its mathematical construction and way of looking at time as non-linear, is connected to both Einstein’s theory of relativity and quantum theory – the science of the very big and the very small, parts and units, of everything, including ourselves.

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Zanzi, Ferrando Diana. « Surrogatmodern och den mänskliga värdigheten : En diskursanalys av den statliga utredningen om surrogatmoderskap, ur ett kritiskt postkolonialt feministiskt perspektiv ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-390148.

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Uppsatsen undersöker hur ”SOU 2016:11 Olika vägar till föräldraskap” formulerar problemet med surrogatmoderskap, vilka subjektspositioner som kan urskiljas i utredningen och analyserar den ut ett kritiskt postkolonialt feministiskt perspektiv. Utredningen utgår ifrån mänsklig värdighet, autonomi och barnets bästa vilket uppsatsen belyser får konsekvenser för hur problemet med surrogatarrangemang porträtteras olika beroende på om surrogatmodern och barnet är från det globala syd eller det globala nord. Utgångspunkterna är centrala när surrogatmodern och barnet från det globala nord lyfts men får inte samma roll gällande surrogatmodern och det barn hon föder. Vidare undersöks hur subjektspositioner formuleras utifrån emotionell/icke-emotionell, sårbar/icke-sårbar, skyddsvärd/icke-skyddsvärd och blottlägger hur den svenska surrogatmodern och det inrikesfödda barnet konstrueras som emotionella, sårbara och skyddsvärda vilket skiljer sig från hur den utländska surrogatmodern och det utrikesfödda barnet konstrueras. Dessa omges att tystnad vilket får konsekvenser för hur de porträtteras och för vilka åtgärder som föreslås. Uppsatsen bidrar till en utveckling av tidigare forskning med ett tillägg av nyckelordet skyddsvärd för att undersöka konstrueringen av surrogatmödrar. Uppsatsen visar att begreppet är relevant genom att materialet visat på delvis konstuering av emotionell och sårbar men inte skyddsvärd och att detta påverkat resultat och åtgärder. Vidare stärker uppsatsen tidigare forskning som menar att utgångspunkten mänsklig värdighet verkar för en avhumanisering av surrogatmödrar från det globala syd samt att synen på biologi varierar beroende på var ett barn föds. Uppsatsen bygger vidare på tidigare forskning som menar att uttryckt rationalitet och brist på emotion resulterar i en avhumanisering, genom att blottlägga hur det kan räcka med att subjektspositionerna möts av tysthet för att uppnå samma resultat. Detta arbete belyser hur olika subjektspositioner framställs olika i den statliga utredningen och hur koloniala idéer hänger kvar och påverkar underlag till svensk lagstiftning, samt blottlägger vilka konkreta konsekvenser detta kan få för lagförslag och för surrogatmödrar i det globala syd samt de barn de föder.

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Noordhuis-Fairfax, Sarina. « Field | Guide : John Berger and the diagrammatic exploration of place ». Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/154278.

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Positioned between writing and drawing, the diagram is proposed by John Berger as an alternative strategy for articulating encounters with landscape. A diagrammatic approach offers a schematic vocabulary that can compress time and offer a spatial reading of information. Situated within the contemporary field of direct data visualisation, my practice-led research interprets Berger’s ‘Field’ essay as a guide to producing four field | studies within a suburban park in Canberra. My seasonal investigations demonstrate how applying the conventions of the pictorial list, dot-distribution map, routing diagram and colour-wheel reveals subtle ecological and biographical narratives.

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KUMARI, RASHMI. « AMALGAMATION OF DENA BANK, VIJAYA BANK AND BANK OF BARODA ». Thesis, 2019. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/16463.

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UNION IN THE BANKING DIVISION IS SIGNIFICANT AS FAR AS MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS FOR THE DEVELOPING INDIAN BANKING INDUSTRY. THIS CAN BE ACCOMPLISHED THROUGH COST REDUCTION AND INCREASING REVENUE. THIS SIGNIFICANT PART HERE IS THAT FOR WHAT REASON DO WE NEED UNION IN INDIAN BANKING AND WHAT IS CHALLENGES AHEAD. THE JOB OF THE CENTRAL GOVT IS ADDITIONALLY IMPORTANT TO THE INVESTIGATED IN T HE WHOLE PROCEDURE AS THEY ASSUME AN ESSENTIAL JOB IN THE APPROACH ARRANGEMENT REQUIRED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INDIAN BANKING. AN EXAMINATION OF THE INDIAN FINANCIAL INDUSTRY DEMONSTRATES THAT BECAUSE OF ELEMENT LIKE SOLIDNESS , COME BACK TO INVESTOR, HOLDING FAST TO ADMINISTRATIVE AND SO ON MAKE M&A AS AN OBJECTIVE. ADDITIONALLY M&A OFFERS A CHANCE TO THESE INDIAN BANKS OF MAKING AND ALL INCLUSIVE BANK ADDITIONAL MERGERS CAN BE UTILIZED AS KEY INSTRUMENT AND FURTHERMORE THERE IS PROBABILITY OF KEY SPECULATION WHERE CUSTOMARY M&A ARE UNREALISTIC. IN THE CHANGING MONETARY AND BUSINESS CONDITION PORTRAYED BY SPEED,ADAPTABILITY AND RESPONSIVENESS TO CLIENTS, "MEASURE" HAS A TON TO ADD REMAINING AHEAD IN THE CHALLENGE. IT IS IN THIS SETTING MERGERS AND ACQUISITION(M&A'S) AS AN INSTRUMENT TO INCREASE AGGRESSIVE QUALITY COMES INTO THE FRONT LINE WITH COLLABORATING FOR INTENSITY BEING A PERCEIVED VITAL CONNECTION FOR THE EQUIVALENT .

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Svitálková, Zuzana. « Dopad finanční krize na efektivnost vybraných bank v EU =:Dopad finanční krize na efektivnost vybraných bank v EU / ». Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-425111.

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The aim of this dissertation is to estimate the achieved bank efficiency level of chosen countries in EU and to identify the most important factors having the biggest influence on the efficiency in the chosen banks in the period 2004 -- 2011. The efficiency level was measured in six countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia and Austria). The method used for estimating the efficiency was DEA analysis, which is based on linear programming. The efficiency was measured a total of five models and after that were discussed the results. Additionally were observed the changes of efficiency level in connection with the economic recession in the estimated period. The results of the thesis indicated that the best efficiency of bank system is in the Czech Republic and in Austria and the worst efficiency is in Slovenia and Slovakia. After the estimation of efficiency, the author tried also to find the most important sources on inefficiency of bank system in measured countries and tried to formulate recommendation for inefficiency bank systems.

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Wu, Shin-Jie, et 吳欣潔. « The Research in the collections and bibliography of Deng,Bang-Shu ». Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32814945776340043529.

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碩士
國立臺北大學
古典文獻學研究所
98
Deng, Bang-Shu(1868-1999), his courtesy name is Xiao-Xian, and he also may be known by the pseudonym Zheng-An, who was born in Jiangsu Jiangning (the Nanjing city, Jiangsu Province today). 《LI, Qun-Yu Shi Ji》 and 《Bi, Yun-Ji》are two important rare ancient books during the Song dynasty of Deng, Bang-Shu’s collections, so he named his private library “Qun Bi Lou”. Mr. Deng was regardless the price of ancient books and even to borrow money for his collections. Therefore, the quantity of his collections were cumulative quickly. Then he also gained 《Meng, Dong-Ye Shi Ji》 and 《Jia, Lang-Xian Chang-Jiang Ji》, which are two important ancient books during Ming dynasty. After the established of Republic of China, Mr. Deng had economical crisis and he had no choice to sell his collection of rare ancient books. After Mr. Deng sold his rare ancient books to the Academy of Nanjing, he changed the name of his private library to “Han Shou Shan Fang”. After Mr. Deng passed away, his family sold his collections in succession when Mr. Zheng, Zhen-Duo brought books for National Central library.Nowadays, Deng, Bang-Shu’ s collections are primary archived in the Fu Ssu-Nien Library and the National Central Library in Taipei. This thesis consists of six chapters as follows: The first chapter is introduction, which focuses on research motive, methodologies and reviews the researches to help readers to understand research topics and methods and the orientation and connotations of the collections which belong to Deng, Bang-Shu. The Second Chapter includes Mr. Deng’s life, friends and writings, thus the readers can understand the process and background of his collections.The third chapter includes the source, arranging, using and the seals of Deng Bang-Shu’s collections. The fourth chapter discusses inscriptions on the collection and compilation of bibliography.The fifth chapter includes the process of the delivered and now these collections were archived of Deng, Bang-Shu. The sixth chapter is conclusion with comprehensive statement.

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LaPlante, Alex. « Evaluation of Bank Branch Growth Potential Using Data Envelopment Analysis ». Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/33302.

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Banks occasionally employ frontier efficiency analyses to objectively identify best practices within their organizations. Amongst the frontier efficiency analyses identified in the literature, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was found to be one of the leading approaches. DEA has been successfully applied in many bank branch performance evaluations using traditional intermediation, profitability and production approaches. However, there has been little focus on assessing the growth potential of individual branches. This research presents six models that examine four perspectives of branch growth. Each model was applied to the branch network of one of Canada’s top five banks to gauge the growth potential of individual branches and to provide tailored improvement recommendations. Using various analysis methodologies, the results of each model were examined and their functionality assessed. Based on these findings, three models were deemed to produce significant results, while the remaining three failed to attain viable results.

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Proença, Catarina Alexandra Neves. « Essays On The Eurozone Banking Performance : Profitability, Risk, Remuneration And Efficiency ». Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/96397.

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Tese no âmbito do Doutoramento em Gestão de Empresas, orientada pelo Professor Doutor Mário António Gomes Augusto e pelo Professor Doutor José Maria Ruas Murteira e apresentada à Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de Coimbra.
The present dissertation addresses banking performance from several different perspectives, a general purpose that, to a large extent, was motivated by the various factors that led to the 2007/2008 global financial crisis. In particular, the low effectiveness of directors’ boards, remuneration policies with high-risk components, and earnings management can be considered amongst the most relevant drivers of this crisis. Accordingly, in order to pursue its general objective, the text is organized into three central chapters, in addition to the Introduction and final concluding section. Each chapter addresses one of the above three themes, using data on Eurozone banks directly supervised by the European Central Bank (ECB), considering the regulatory changes resulting from Directive 2013/36/EU (CRD IV), the imposition of a gender quota in the ECB and the implementation of the International Financial Reporting Standard 9. Chapter 2 investigates the influence of gender diversity upon the impact of board members’ political connections banks’ profitability and risk. Empirical results indicate that for high gender diversity the relationship between political connections and, respectively, profitability and risk, is U-shaped and inverted U-shaped. Empirical evidence also suggests that women’s greater ethical concern and risk aversion help mitigate the negative effects of political connections, shielding institutions’ interests from personal agendas’ adverse effects. Chapter 3 addresses the impact of political connections of banks’ Directors on the boards’ remuneration policies, as well as the influence of gender diversity on this impact. Statistical evidence suggests that political connections have a negative impact on remunerations, a hint that directors with political connections may prefer other types of benefits, rather than remunerations, as they may aim at future political positions and do not want to be associated with high remunerations. Gender diversity seemingly attenuates this negative effect, a finding that may be associated with the fact that women usually have greater ethical concerns, thereby promoting a more adequate remuneration policy. Chapter 4 addresses the impact of earnings management on Eurozone banks’ efficiency, examining its chronological evolution until the implementation of International Financial Reporting Standard 9. Empirical results suggest that efficiency is negatively affected by earnings management, as measured by discretionary loan loss provisions. Meanwhile, when total provisions are considered as earnings management proxy, results indicate a positive impact of loan provisions on allocative efficiency, contrarily to a negative effect of discretionary provisions. This finding helps stress the importance of defining earnings management as discretionary loan provisions, for the appropriate analysis of the former’s effect on banking efficiency.
A presente Tese aborda a performance bancária sobre diversas perspetivas, um objetivo geral que, em grande medida, foi motivado pelos vários fatores que conduziram à crise financeira global de 2007/2008. Em particular, a baixa eficácia dos Conselhos de Administração, políticas de remuneração com componentes elevadas de risco e a gestão de resultados podem ser consideradas como as causas mais relevantes desta crise. Neste sentido, e para prosseguir este objetivo, dividiu-se o estudo em três capítulos centrais, para além da Introdução e de uma secção final com a Conclusão. Cada um desses capítulos volta-se para uma daquelas temáticas, tendo sempre como referencial os bancos da Zona Euro supervisionados diretamente pelo Banco Central Europeu (BCE) e as alterações regulatórias resultantes da Diretiva 2013/36/EU (CRD IV), da imposição de uma quota de género no BCE e da implementação da International Financial Reporting Standard 9. O Capítulo 2 investiga a influência da diversidade de género no impacto das conexões políticas na rendibilidade e no risco bancário. Os resultados mostram que quando a diversidade de género é elevada, a relação entre conexões políticas e, respetivamente, rendibilidade e risco, é em forma de U e em forma de U invertido. Tal sugere que as caraterísticas diferenciadoras das mulheres, como o facto de serem mais éticas e mais avessas ao risco, ajudam a mitigar os efeitos negativos das conexões políticas, salvaguardando os interesses das instituições dos efeitos adversos das agendas pessoais dos seus administradores. O Capítulo 3 aborda o efeito das conexões políticas dos elementos dos Conselhos de Administração dos bancos na sua remuneração, assim como a influência da diversidade de género nesse efeito. A evidência estatística sugere que as conexões políticas têm um impacto negativo nas remunerações, sendo indicativo que os administradores com conexões políticas podem preferir outros tipos de benefícios, ao invés de remunerações, pois no futuro podem aspirar a novos cargos políticos, não querendo estar associados a remunerações elevadas. A diversidade de género atenua esse efeito negativo, resultado este que está associado ao facto de as mulheres geralmente apresentarem maiores preocupações éticas, promovendo políticas de remuneração mais adequadas. O capítulo 4 aborda o impacto da gestão de resultados na eficiência dos bancos da Zona Euro, analisando a sua evolução até à implementação da International Financial Reporting Standard 9. Os resultados empíricos sugerem que a eficiência é negativamente afetada pela gestão de resultados, medida pelas provisões discricionárias. Além disso, quando se considera as provisões totais como proxy da gestão de resultados, os resultados indicam um impacto positivo das provisões na eficiência de afetação, contrariamente ao efeito negativo das provisões discricionárias. Este resultado mostra a importância de definir a gestão de resultados pelas provisões discricionárias, para uma análise apropriada do seu efeito na eficiência bancária.

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ALGERI, CARMELO. « Four Essays on Spatial Dependence Effects of Local Banks ». Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11570/3182313.

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In this study I consider the effects of the inclusion of spatial dependence in the empirical model measuring the small-cooperative banks' risk performance. If there exists cross sectional dependence, spatial analysis deals with co-movement among geographical units, allowing the evaluation of spillover effects and ameliorating econometric models. I provide several contributions to the literature. First, I support the hypothesis that the inclusion of spatial terms improves the small bank soundness models. Second, since I control for the banks' market power, I expand the literature on the relationship between bank risk and market competitive pressure. Third, I find empirical evidence that the bank size does not affect the financial standing of the small banks. Finally, as I proxy bank soundness with the Z-Score index, I indirectly test the impacts on small firms of the relationship lending, a classic tool adopted by the small banks to assess the creditworthiness of small firms. My results strongly support the hypothesis that risk-performance bank models are enhanced with spatial variables and that relationship lending makes small firm loan demand low price-elastic.
A steady stream of literature has emphasized that small and local banks benefit from market power against large banks due to their ability to use soft information. Such banks serve small and micro enterprises and households; that is, niche markets from which large banks are usually barred. In light of this, I applied a spatial analysis methodology to test the hypothesis that the technical efficiency performance of local Italian banks is affected by spatial dependence. I posited that local banks mainly compete among themselves, and that the market discipline creates efficiency in this scenario. Using data envelopment analysis (DEA) methodology, I estimated the efficiency score at bank level and, in a second step, carried out a truncated bootstrap regression. My results provide robust evidence that spatial dependence has a positive effect on both the input and the output technical efficiency of local banks for three specifications based on specific spatial matrices while, for greater distances, the spatial lag parameter was not more statistically significant. Furthermore, in some cases, the spatial covariates had the opposite effect on a bank's technical efficiency compared to the same variables when considered alone. This result highlights that the level of a bank's strategy can contradict the effect of general market tendencies on a bank's performance in terms of efficiency.
In this study, I consider the spatial dependence effects in an empirical model measuring local banks' tax aggressiveness, assessing the interdependence between geographical units and the related spillover effects. My results strongly support the existence of co-movements among banks' tax avoidance policies. The findings indicate that local banks compete mainly among themselves, even on the funding side, and that certain tax behavior can trigger loss of customers, which limits banks' tax avoidance activities. However, neighbors' adoption of aggressive tax strategies can remove the competition hurdle in pursuing tax avoidance policies. In addition, I find that greater bank market power increases spatial spillover effects, showing that neighbors' tax management strategies matter in planning a local bank's tax policies. These findings point out a virtuous effect of customer pressure, which could take effect in other areas of bank management.
This study investigates the existence of spatial dependence in the Non-Performing Loans ratio of Italian small cooperative banks, a model of local banking. Since these banks operate in a delimited area, their recovery strategies for bad loans can produce spatial spillover effects in neighboring banks' ability to recover credit. My empirical estimations provide strong evidence that both spatial and spatial-temporal variables improve the analytical model by identifying the drivers of impaired loans for local banks. Specifically, the empirical results underline a different effect of the spatial terms, highlighting a direct impact of the contemporaneous spatial lag variable and a negative effect of the space-time autoregressive coefficient. Whereas the former effects can be ascribed to changes in the macroeconomic cycle, the latter confirms the insight that neighboring credit recovery policies can harm local banks' recovery abilities. Moreover, I also control for market power at the bank level, providing evidence supporting the competition-stability view.

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Min, Elizabeth Jeeyoung. « Evaluating Customer Service Representative Staff Allocation and Meeting Customer Satisfaction Benchmarks : DEA Bank Branch Analysis ». Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/31343.

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This research employs a non-parametric, fractional, linear programming method, Data Envelopment Analysis to examine the Customer Service Representative resource allocation efficiency of a major Canadian bank’s model. Two DEA models are proposed, (1) to evaluate the Bank’s national branch network in the context of employment only, by minimizing Full Time Equivalent (FTE) while maximizing over-the-counter (OTC) transaction volume; and (2) to evaluate the efficacy of the Bank’s own model in meeting the desired customer satisfaction benchmarks by maximizing fraction of transactions completed under management’s target time. Non-controllable constant-returns-to-scale and variable-returns to-scale model results are presented and further broken down into branch size segments and geographical regions for analysis. A comparison is conducted between the DEA model results and the Bank’s performance ratios and benchmarks, validating the use of the proposed DEA models for resource allocation efficiency analysis in the banking industry.

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Wu, Jing-Yi, et 吳靖苡. « Presenting Yu-Shian Deng：The Implications of Deng''s Images in Stage Plays—Take Yu-Shian Deng：The Road Back Home and April Rain as Primary Examples ». Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3z8ebq.

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碩士
國立中興大學
中國文學系所
99
Mr. Yu-Shian Deng, the father of Taiwan folk song, had created many representative songs, such as “Four Seasons,” “Moonlight Sorrow,” “Craving for Wind of Spring” and “Flowers in a Raining Night” during his thirty-nine-year short life. To celebrate Mr. Deng’s death centenary in 2005, Cultural Affairs Bureau of Hsinchu County Government published academic research on him. Performing arts groups also released several dramas based on the life and works of the Taiwanese composer. In those dramas, scriptwriters have been shaping many different characters from history. Most research still focuses on the analysis of Deng’s compositions and historical research. Due to the lack of the studies on how Deng is presented in dramas, I, in this paper, used “historical research,” “field survey” and “drama analysis” as the main research method to study “Take Yu-Shian Deng: The Road Back Home” directed by Hesper Lang from Stone Theatre and “April Rain” produced by ALL MUSIC. The research also incorporated “Yu-Shian Deng of the Past and Present: Yu-Shian Deng―centenary Image Series,” “Yu-Shian Deng''s Documentary Film Hope Rain in April” and “Viva Tonal the Dance Age” from Taiwan Public Television and movie respectively. I will discuss four themes, namely “family background and age,” “talent and dreams,” “feeling in the world” and “interpersonal relationship.” Through integration of historical sources and dramas, the differences between Mr. Deng’s life experiences and theatre image are revealed. The paper in the end will conclude Deng’s “family background and age” is best shown in “Take Yu-Shian Deng: The Road Back Home” and “April Rain.” Both dramas are set in the 1930s but with different family influences. The former focuses on Deng’s aunt’s inspiration on music while the latter on his father’s conformity to the anticipation of the ancestors, in which the offspring should be scholars of sinology, rather than composers. Scriptwriters apply Deng’s compositions and reveal his “talent and dreams” through the arrangement of the repertories. “Deng’s romance” can not be ignored. His close relation with popular music industry and his numerous creation on love make him the advocator of the new kind of thinking and the non-match making marriage. Because of all these factors, the plot of the dramas divert from reality and “Deng’s romance” is always the one differing the most from real life. Deng’s “interpersonal relationship” can be compared with his personality, aspirations and situations, all of which contributes to the multi-facets of Deng’s presentation in drama. Therefore, we learn from the paper that “Take Yu-Shian Deng: The Road Back Home” and “April Rain” reveal “The combination of the historical research and the association of the scriptwriters, ” “The rich display of music” and “The shape of the composer Deng and his contemporary.” Mr. Deng became I wish the references and the differences between modern personal characters and drama images about Mr. Deng will be provided via this research.

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Palhares, José Eduardo Fernandes Teixeira. « Banking firms' performance and intellectual capital efficiency nexus ». Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/24516.

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This study aims to assess 58 Iberian banks´ performance and its relationship with Intellectual Capital efficiency. Therefore, a two-stage analysis was conducted in order to address several proposed research questions related to Iberian (Portuguese and Spanish) banks in general, and each country, individually, during the period from 2013 to 2016. In a first-stage, sampled banks´ performance and respective rankings were assessed, through the measurement of their efficiency scores, i.e. using DEA´s (Data Envelopment Analysis) Constant and Variable Returns to Scale (CRS and VRS) and Super efficiency models, and in second-stage, both quantile and fractional regression models were applied as way of inferring about the impact of selected independent variables, i.e. Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC™) components, Leverage and Size, on the DEA scores of Iberian banks´. Findings suggest that Portuguese banks have constantly better average Technical, Pure Technical, and Scale Efficiency (i.e. TE, PTE, and SE) scores throughout the studied period, in comparison to Spanish banks. Also, findings show an increase on average efficiency scores (for both CRS and VRS), over the studied four-year period, for all sampled Iberian banks. Finally, second-stage analysis findings suggest a positive and significant relationship between Human Capital Efficiency (HCE) and sampled banks´ performance. Conversely, results suggest a negative and significant impact of both Structural and Employed Capital Efficiency (i.e. SCE and CEE) on sampled banks´ performance. This may be an indication of the pivotal importance of Human Resources Management (HRM) practices and the impact that application of the “best practices” may have on Iberian banking industry´s performance in general, and also on Portuguese and Spanish banks´ performance in particular.
Este estudo tem por objetivo a avaliação do desempenho de 58 bancos Ibéricos e a sua relação com a eficiência do Capital Intelectual. Por conseguinte, uma análise de dois estágios foi aplicada de forma a responder às questões de investigação propostas relacionadas com a banca Ibérica (Portuguesa e Espanhola) no geral, e com cada país em particular, durante o período compreendido entre 2013 e 2016. Num primeiro estágio, foi feita uma avaliação e respetiva classificação do desempenho dos bancos selecionados, através da estimação dos seus resultados de eficiência, i.e. aplicando os modelos Constant e Variable Returns to Scale (CRS e VRS) e de Super-Eficiência do Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Num segundo estágio, e de modo a aferir a relação entre o desempenho global dos bancos e a eficiência do seu Capital Intelectual, foram aplicados modelos de regressão por quantis e fracionários. Recorreu-se ainda, ao método Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC™), considerando-se as suas componentes como variáveis independentes, para além das variáveis Endividamento, e Dimensão. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que os bancos Portugueses apresentam melhores resultados médios de technical, pure technical, e scale efficiency (i.e. TE, PTE e SE), durante o período de estudo, comparativamente aos bancos espanhóis. Para além disso, os resultados demonstram um aumento das médias dos resultados obtidos (para ambos os modelos, CRS e VRS), durante o período de quatro anos estudado. Finalmente, os resultados obtidos durante a análise de segundo-estágio sugerem uma relação positiva e significativa entre a eficiência do capital humano (HCE) e o desempenho dos bancos selecionados. Contrariamente, os resultados sugerem um impacto negativo e significativo de ambos os componentes, eficiência do capital estrutural e do capital aplicado (SCE e CEE), no desempenho dos bancos que constituem a amostra. Esta poderá ser uma indicação do papel preponderante das práticas aplicadas pela Gestão de Recursos Humanos (HRM), e no impacto que a aplicação das “melhores práticas” poderá ter no desempenho do sector bancário Ibérico no geral, e também no desempenho dos bancos Portugueses e Espanhóis em particular.
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