Articles de revues : « Demolition phase of buildings »

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Myneni, Kranti kumar, et Rajan D. « IMPACT OF CIRCULAR CONSTRUCTION ON DEMOLITION WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE INDIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY ». International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 8, n^o 1 (1 février 2021) : 12–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v8.i1.2021.846.

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In recent times due to the Indian economic growth, there is a surge in construction activities. This surge has led to an excess amount of demolition waste that is produced. According to the Building Material Promotion Council, India generates an estimated 150 million tons of C and D waste every year. Some existing initiatives and the significant stakeholders' involvement have created the demolition waste management systems essential in the building’s demolition phase. The research in the C and D and Awareness program for C and D waste that initiated has led to the implementation of some waste management systems in the building's demolition phase. In India, the amount of demolition waste produced is higher than the construction waste produced while constructing buildings. So, it is essential for the demolition waste mitigation plan in the building's demolition phase. The study aims to know circular construction and current demolition waste management performance in the Indian construction industry. Through literature review, demolition waste management systems that are carried out all around the world are collected. The current practices carried out by diﬀerent stakeholders practicing in India are known through a questionnaire survey. Data interpretation is made using the data collected in the literature review and the questionnaire survey. This research identified the signiﬁcant beneﬁts, barriers, and motivation factors to implement the waste management system, and proposing any necessary changes. Designer innovation and BIM deconstruction is considered as one of the barrier-breaking innovation in adopting the circular construction.

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Cha, Gi Wook, Won Hwa Hong et Jin Ho Kim. « A Study on CO₂ Emissions in End-of-Life Phase of Residential Buildings in Korea : Demolition, Transportation and Disposal of Building Materials ». Key Engineering Materials 730 (février 2017) : 457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.730.457.

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Architecture and building industry have been made diversified efforts to create a construction environment that promotes resource recycling. Many studies have been done to better understand and reduce energy consumption and CO2 emissions throughout a building’s lifecycle. However, to promote sustainable development and a construction environment that facilitates resource recycling, more understanding and research is needed on energy consumption and CO2 emissions during the stage of dismantling a building. Noting that, this research investigates CO2 emissions in a building’s End-Of-Life (EOL) phase that includes dismantling of a building, transport and disposal of the waste generated in the course of dismantling residential buildings in Korea. According to the results of this study, CO2 emissions in a building’s EOL phase was 3,561kg CO2/100m2 for apartments, 3,184 kgCO2/100m2 for brick houses and 1,137 kg CO2/100m2 for wooden houses. The results showed that transport and disposal process of demolition waste accounts for 90% of all CO2 emissions in a building’s EOL phase. From this finding, it is necessary to have a proper, effective strategy for transport and disposal of demolition waste from dismantled buildings’ in order to reduce CO2 emissions during a building’s EOL phase.

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Sobotka, A., A. Radziejowska et J. Czaja. « Tasks and Problems in the Buildings Demolition Works : A Case Study ». Archives of Civil Engineering 61, n^o 4 (1 décembre 2015) : 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ace-2015-0032.

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In Poland, it often happens that construction objects are subject to demolition work for different reasons. Demolition, according the Construction Law, is defined as a type of construction works and, as such, represents a particular type of construction project. As in other construction projects, a very important phase, in addition to execution of the works, is to prepare, design and plan demolition works. Some demolition activities are covered by appropriate regulations and can be described as typical. On the other hand the technical side of demolition works depends on many factors such as: the type of building, its age, technical condition, type of construction, etc. This article covers the analysis of the stages and tasks in the preparatory phase of the building demolition. This work will also present a description of the tasks carried out during the demolition works based on the example of a historic tenement house located in Krakow. This analysis aims to identify implementation problems and sources of risk that may occur during this type of construction work.

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Paneru, Suman, Forough Foroutan Jahromi, Mohsen Hatami, Wilfred Roudebush et Idris Jeelani. « Integration of Emergy Analysis with Building Information Modeling ». Sustainability 13, n^o 14 (17 juillet 2021) : 7990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147990.

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Traditional energy analysis in Building Information Modeling (BIM) only accounts for the energy requirements of building operations during a portion of the occupancy phase of the building’s life cycle and as such is unable to quantify the true impact of buildings on the environment. Specifically, the typical energy analysis in BIM does not account for the energy associated with resource formation, recycling, and demolition. Therefore, a comprehensive method is required to analyze the true environmental impact of buildings. Emergy analysis can offer a holistic approach to account for the environmental cost of activities involved in building construction and operation in all its life cycle phases from resource formation to demolition. As such, the integration of emergy analysis with BIM can result in the development of a holistic sustainability performance tool. Therefore, this study aimed at developing a comprehensive framework for the integration of emergy analysis with existing Building Information Modeling tools. The proposed framework was validated using a case study involving a test building element of 8’ × 8’ composite wall. The case study demonstrated the successful integration of emergy analysis with Revit®2021 using the inbuilt features of Revit and external tools such as MS Excel. The framework developed in this study will help in accurately determining the environmental cost of the buildings, which will help in selecting environment-friendly building materials and systems. In addition, the integration of emergy into BIM will allow a comparison of various built environment alternatives enabling designers to make sustainable decisions during the design phase.

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Trinchese, Giuseppe, Alessia Verniero et Gregorio García López de la Osa. « New recycling technologies of demolished materials for sustainable finishes : the project of concrete reuse on site in Tres Cantos, Madrid ». VITRUVIO - International Journal of Architectural Technology and Sustainability 7, n^o 2 (30 décembre 2022) : 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vitruvioijats.2022.18844.

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The work presented aims to analyse the feasibility of reusing concrete, once demolished from a building in Tres Cantos in Madrid, to manufacture finishing materials for buildings, as well as to design a procedure. The first phase consists of a bibliographic search on the reuse of materials, analysing the techniques adopted so far and the lines of work. The second phase related to the acquisition of data related to the production and recycling of Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) at a European level. The third phase consists of the study of recycled aggregates resulting from demolitions or landslides, their treatment process. The fourth and final phase consists of the development of a laboratory test plan to evaluate varied materials for finishing exterior cement pavements with concrete from the demolition of the case study building. There were many conclusions and results of the project. The granulometry of the fine fraction of demolished concrete is suitable to produce non-structural products, such as building finishes and in particular non-driveway outdoor flooring. In terms of flexural and compressive strength, the mechanical behaviour of recycled mixes is lower than that of reference mixes. The recycled mixes show slightly higher capillary absorption capacities than the reference mixes, and the value is higher the greater the percentage of recycled aggregates used (a critical issue which can be resolved by pre-saturating the recycled material).

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Cha, Gi Wook, Won Hwa Hong et Sung Woo Shin. « A Study on Energy Consumption and CO₂ Emissions in End-Life Cycle of Residential Buildings ». Advanced Materials Research 689 (mai 2013) : 226–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.689.226.

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In recent years, demolition work in Korea has been rapidly increasing, and accordingly, its environmental impact has become significant, thus requiring quantitative analysis on energy consumption and CO2 emissions generated during demolition work. This study aims to examine energy consumption and CO2 emissions in the end-life cycle of buildings. In this study, inventory analysis was conducted and basic units of energy consumption and CO2 emissions were calculated in accordance with Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines published in 1996. Major findings show that 64% of energy consumption and CO2 emissions in buildings’ end-life cycle is generated in the demolition phase, and 36% in the transportation phase.

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Ferreira-Sánchez, Antonio, et Madelyn Marrero. « Waste Management of Emergency Construction Work. Case Study : 40 Dwellings in Seville (Spain) ». Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 11, n^o 1 (14 février 2017) : 110–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836801711010110.

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Eco-efficient rehabilitation of buildings and neighbourhoods should include strategies to reduce the potential environmental impact of buildings under consideration for demolishment. In this case, good construction and demolition (C&D) waste management can represent a doubly eco-efficient approach: advantage is taken of much of the building and the volume of waste is reduced during construction and demolition work. Construction and demolition waste management in emergency situations is a subject yet to be studied in the construction sector. This kind of work, although not very common, involves major building damages and the need for punctual, partial or total demolitions. The amount of C&D waste can be a major problem to deal with, and its management during the critical first phases can determinate the progress of the rehabilitation. Conditioned by a greater number of factors than normal construction works, the lack of time for the identification, quantification, and evaluation of C&D waste renders this type of extremely useful study. In this work, from the case study of the emergency repair of a residential building of 40 dwellings in Seville (Spain) seriously affected by a soil displacement, Generated C&D waste are identified and the waste reduction techniques used are shown. These techniques contributed to achieve the planned objectives and to control in advance the cost. Finally, the most important data, C&D waste quantification and the managing cost are presented in order to serve as reference for similar circumstances in the future because there areno clear references to be used.

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Soulakellis, Nikolaos, Christos Vasilakos, Stamatis Chatzistamatis, Dimitris Kavroudakis, Georgios Tataris, Ermioni-Eirini Papadopoulou, Apostolos Papakonstantinou, Olga Roussou et Themistoklis Kontos. « Post-Earthquake Recovery Phase Monitoring and Mapping Based on UAS Data ». ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, n^o 7 (17 juillet 2020) : 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9070447.

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Geoinformatics plays an essential role during the recovery phase of a post-earthquake situation. The aim of this paper is to present the methodology followed and the results obtained by the utilization of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UASs) 4K-video footage processing and the automation of geo-information methods targeted at both monitoring the demolition process and mapping the demolished buildings. The field campaigns took place on the traditional settlement of Vrisa (Lesvos, Greece), which was heavily damaged by a strong earthquake (Mw=6.3) on June 12th, 2017. For this purpose, a flight campaign took place on 3rd February 2019 for collecting aerial 4K video footage using an Unmanned Aircraft. The Structure from Motion (SfM) method was applied on frames which derived from the 4K video footage, for producing accurate and very detailed 3D point clouds, as well as the Digital Surface Model (DSM) of the building stock of the Vrisa traditional settlement, twenty months after the earthquake. This dataset has been compared with the corresponding one which derived from 25th July 2017, a few days after the earthquake. Two algorithms have been developed for detecting the demolished buildings of the affected area, based on the DSMs and 3D point clouds, correspondingly. The results obtained have been tested through field studies and demonstrate that this methodology is feasible and effective in building demolition detection, giving very accurate results (97%) and, in parallel, is easily applicable and suit well for rapid demolition mapping during the recovery phase of a post-earthquake scenario. The significant advantage of the proposed methodology is its ability to provide reliable results in a very low cost and time-efficient way and to serve all stakeholders and national and local organizations that are responsible for post-earthquake management.

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Amaral, Rosaria E. C., Joel Brito, Matt Buckman, Elicia Drake, Esther Ilatova, Paige Rice, Carlos Sabbagh, Sergei Voronkin et Yewande S. Abraham. « Waste Management and Operational Energy for Sustainable Buildings : A Review ». Sustainability 12, n^o 13 (1 juillet 2020) : 5337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135337.

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Construction and demolition waste account for a significant part of the solid waste taking up landfills on a global scale. A considerable portion of the waste generated by the construction industry has substantial residual value, and therefore waste management and sustainability principles and techniques should be applied. Buildings consume a lot of energy during the operations phase, but decisions made during design and construction impact building operations. This study reviews sustainable building practices to explore strategies that ensure minimal effects on economy, society, and the environment through efficient resource and waste management at different phases of a building life cycle. These practices include pollution reduction, reuse and recycling, energy consumption, embodied carbon, and water resource management.

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Scattolini, Elena. « Progetto di rigenerazione architettonica dell'edificio R5 a Tor Bella Monaca ». TERRITORIO, n^o 63 (décembre 2012) : 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2012-063024.

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A degree thesis written in conjunction with Diap research on the Tor Bella Monaca neighbourhood case study, which proposes intervention on an existing building, the R5 block. This is one of the buildings for which demolition is proposed according to the neighbourhood plan drawn up by the architect Krier and backed by Alemanno, the Mayor of Rome. The intention on the contrary is to investigate an alternative to demolition, which involves the reuse of existing structures, following an approach of reuse, regeneration of the built and agricultural land savings. An initial phase of identifying general design strategies was followed by activity to reorganise all parts of the building with particular attention paid to the ground floor, the design of open spaces, the insertion of new functions and the redesign of the accommodation.

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Abejón, Ricardo, Jara Laso, Marta Rodrigo, Israel Ruiz-Salmón, Mario Mañana, María Margallo et Rubén Aldaco. « Toward Energy Savings in Campus Buildings under a Life Cycle Thinking Approach ». Applied Sciences 10, n^o 20 (13 octobre 2020) : 7123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207123.

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Recent studies have identified that buildings all over the world are great contributors to energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. The relationship between the building industry and environmental pollution is continuously discussed. The building industry includes many phases: extraction of raw materials, manufacturing, construction, use, and demolition. Each phase consumes a large amount of energy, and subsequent emissions are released. The life cycle energy assessment (LCEA) is a simplified version of the life cycle assessment (LCA) that focuses only on the evaluation of energy inputs for different phases of the life cycle. Operational energy is the energy required for day-to-day operation processes of buildings, such as heating, cooling and ventilation systems, lighting, as well as appliances. This use phase accounts for the largest portion of energy consumption of the life cycle of conventional buildings. In addition, energy performance certification of buildings is an obligation under current European legislation, which promotes efficient energy use, so it is necessary to ensure that the energy performance of the building is upgraded to meet minimum requirements. For this purpose, this work proposes the consideration of the energy impacts and material resources used in the operation phase of a building to calculate the contribution of these energy impacts as new variables for the energy performance certification. The application of this new approach to the evaluation of university buildings has been selected as a case study. From a methodological point of view, the approach relied on the energy consumption records obtained from energy and materials audit exercises with the aid of LCA databases. Taking into practice the proposed methodology, the primary energy impact and the related emissions were assessed to simplify the decision-making process for the energy certification of buildings. From the results obtained, it was concluded that the consumption of water and other consumable items (paper) are important from energy and environmental perspectives.

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Mamin, Alexandr, Emil Kodysh et Vladimir Bobrov. « Standardization of requirements to operation of buildings and facilities ». E3S Web of Conferences 97 (2019) : 03012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199703012.

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Safe operation, reliability and durability of capital facilities (hereinafter – CF) are becoming more and more topical. All phases except operation (including all types of maintenance and repairs) and demolition were covered by regulatory requirements, while operation as the longest phase in CF life and the final stage - demolition were not included into regulations until recently. There were industry specific codes for nonproduction and industrial buildings and facilities and documents derived from them, but they were inconsistent, lead time to repair differed even for similar structures and operation conditions and these discrepancies did not allow setting the specific frequency of repairs which resulted in neglected defects and damages shortening the life of buildings and structures or causing accidents. In 2015, the authors, in team with other experts, developed SP 255.1325800.2016 “Buildings and structures. Rules of operation. Key provisions” (hereinafter - SP 255), setting general requirements to operation of buildings and structures under regular conditions, but the diversity of buildings’ functions required the development of numerous codes of practice derived from SP 255 and some of them were drafted in 2016-2018. Codes of operation practice will (if elaborated) contribute to the reduction of operation and maintenance costs and ensure required safety of capital facilities.

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Marzouk, Mohamed, et Ahmed Elmaraghy. « Design for Deconstruction Using Integrated Lean Principles and BIM Approach ». Sustainability 13, n^o 14 (14 juillet 2021) : 7856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147856.

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Existing buildings are characterized by the continuous change in the functional requirements of their end-users. As such, they are subjected to renovation or reconstruction, which is associated with total or partial demolition of the buildings, leading to an increase in construction and demolition waste. In addition, the materials abandoning the circular loop leave an adverse impact on the environment. This research integrates the building information modeling (BIM) approach and lean principles to ensure the early involvement of key participants in the decision-making process. This approach aids in planning the sequencing of deconstruction planning phases required before actual demolition activities take place. The paper presents the practical implementation of a BIM plug-in Tool. The assumptions and the scope based on which the plug-in was designed are briefly discussed. A case study for a mechanical, electrical, and plumbing (MEP) BIM model is introduced to illustrate the practical features of the proposed BIM plug-in Tool. The results encourage the selective dismantling of building elements based on the customers’ needs. Building information modeling capabilities in deconstruction planning were also investigated. The proposed tool aids in decreasing the uncertainties involved in demolition projects. The tool can be implemented on a national level to automate the deconstruction projects and optimize the extraction of salvaged building elements. The recovery option for such elements and their final destiny can be secured with sufficient time before their dismantling from their original locations.

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Larsen, V. G., N. Tollin, V. Antoniucci, M. Birkved, P. A. Sattrup, T. Holmboe et G. Marella. « Filling the gaps Circular transition of affordable housing in Denmark ». IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science 1078, n^o 1 (1 septembre 2022) : 012078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1078/1/012078.

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Abstract The building industry accounts for about 40% of all climate impacts, stemming from construction and renovation processes, use of buildings and demolition, disposal and recycling of buildings and building materials. The Danish Parliament passed a Danish Climate Act in 2020 to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 70% by 2030, and an action plan in 2021 to create a Circular Economy (CE) in DK that can support the achievement of climate neutrality by 2050. About 20% of the Danish housing stock is affordable housing with approx. 560.000 affordable housing homes, inhabited by nearly 1 million out of 5.8 million people. In 2020 the Danish Government decided on the most significant overall housing agreement to set aside EUR 5,5 billion for ‘Green renovations’ and the building of new affordable housing. Building and renovating affordable housing in Denmark can thus become significant drivers for the Danish building industry’s transition to CE. Therefore, developing integrated tools and methodologies for life cycle thinking and CE assessment for the built environment is necessary. We have identified four significant gaps in this endeavour in a previously released literature review: For CE to succeed, it is necessary to take a circular view of the life cycle of buildings, which includes the service life phase, the reuse phase and the recycle phase; To achieve CE, it is necessary to continue research regarding the possibilities of integrating Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Life Cycle Cost (LCC) and Social Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA) into Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA); S-LCA needs further maturation and development; It is imperative to focus upon operationalising LCSA for practitioners in all phases of a building’s life cycle. This paper aims to outline a strategy for analysing and discussing these four gaps and their interrelation in-depth and suggest an action research proposal to understand better how to bridge the gaps from a research perspective.

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FALTEJSEK, Michal, et Blanka CHUDIKOVA. « Facility management and building information modeling during operation and maintenance ». MATEC Web of Conferences 277 (2019) : 02022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927702022.

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BIM is a concept and also a method currently applied throughout the world in the modern building construction. The impact and benefits of the BIM method are clear across all stages of the life cycle of buildings (project, realization, operation, demolition). The longest and most expensive phase of buildings life is the operation and usage part. Many common aspects and linkage of processes between the BIM method and the facility management, i.e. a modern asset management method, can provide greater efficiency for these activities, help reduce the cost of required building operations and maintenance and save time for individual activities. The BIM can be understood as an information management of buildings. Many common elements can create a synergy of processes related to the management of buildings. The article discusses these aspects and emphasizes the listing of the basic data and processes that are necessary for mutual interconnectedness.

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Antunes, Ana, Ricardo Martins, José Dinis Silvestre, Ricardo do Carmo, Hugo Costa, Eduardo Júlio et Pedro Pedroso. « Environmental Impacts and Benefits of the End-of-Life of Building Materials : Database to Support Decision Making and Contribute to Circularity ». Sustainability 13, n^o 22 (16 novembre 2021) : 12659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212659.

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This paper outlines a methodology for structuring a generic database of environmental impacts on the end-of-life phase of buildings, which can be used at the national level, in accordance with European standards. A number of different options are also considered for managing construction and demolition waste (CDW), as well as for promoting the circularity of materials in construction. The database structure has been developed for use by the main stakeholders who decide the disposal scenario for the main CDW flows, assess waste management plans, and identify the corresponding environmental aspects. The impact categories considered in this paper are global warming potential (GWP) and the abiotic depletion potential of fossil fuels (ADP (f.f.)). This lifecycle assessment (LCA) database further facilitates the identification of important information, such as possible treatments for CDW, or suppliers of recycled materials for use in new construction. Two demolition case studies were used to confirm the benefits of the proposed database. Two demolition scenarios are assessed—traditional and selective—in order to demonstrate the advantage of selective demolition in waste management. The results obtained from the environmental assessment of CDW flows demonstrate that the proposed database can be an important and useful tool for decision making about the end-of-life of construction materials, as it is designed to maximize their reuse and recycling. An innovative online platform can be created based on this database, contributing to the reduction of the environmental impacts associated with the end-of-life phase of buildings.

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Karunasena, Gayani, et Dilanthi Amaratunga. « Capacity building for post disaster construction and demolition waste management ». Disaster Prevention and Management 25, n^o 2 (4 avril 2016) : 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-09-2014-0172.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a theoretical framework for capacity building in post disaster construction and demolition (C & D) waste management at a national level to address the identified capacity gaps in managing disaster waste resulting from natural hazards. Design/methodology/approach – Data were gathered through pilot interviews, case studies and expert opinion surveys representing government, non-government and other sector organisations involved in post disaster waste management. Findings – The study revealed unavailability of a single point of responsibility and provision for disaster waste in existing policies and capacity constraints in prevailing peace time solid waste management practices which were identified as major capacity gaps. Establishment of a regulatory body and enforceable rules and regulations with necessary levels of capacities was identified and presented in a theoretical framework comprising of seven identified areas for capacity building in post disaster waste management. Research limitations/implications – This study is limited to disaster C & D waste as debris generated from totally or partially damaged buildings and infrastructure as a direct impact of natural hazards or from demolished buildings and infrastructure at rehabilitation or early recovery stages. Waste generated during reconstruction phase of post disaster management cycle is not considered as disaster C & D waste for purposes of this study. Originality/value – The research enabled analysis of existing capacities and presents approaches for capacity building for identified gaps in post disaster C & D waste management to attain sustainable post disaster waste management for future resilience.

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Barták, Jiří. « INFLUENCE OF NEW CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS ON VINOHRADY TUNNELS ». Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 32 (19 janvier 2022) : 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2022.32.0001.

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After demolition of the brutalist architectural style Transgas building in Vinohradská Street, Prague, (all buildings of which were located above the historic Vinohrady tunnels II and III), there will be built the Vinohradská Administration Centre with the addition of a building No. 345 called "Above the Museum". Both buildings have the foundation joint immediately above the lining of the existing tunnels. This paper describes the main phases of construction and the character and size of the deformation affecting the stone block lining of the tunnels.

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Rajan D, Dr. M. Kranti Kumar et Dr. S. Ramesh. « Optimization of Material Recovery Strategies in the Demolition Phase of Buildings – A Case Study ». International Journal of Engineering and Management Research 11, n^o 2 (22 avril 2021) : 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.11.2.15.

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Globally, the construction industry is one of the most environmentally catastrophic industries, with a significant effect on the raw materials usage, their commitment of use throughout their whole life cycle, and the atmosphere in which they work. Between 1950 and 2010, global average material consumption rose from 5.0 t to 10.3 ton per capita per year, owing to population growth, industrialization, and increased socio-economic strength. Moreover, this industry uses 35% of produced energy and releases 40% of carbon dioxide into the Earth's atmosphere. One hundred fifty million tons of CDW is made in India according to the BMPTC, and less than 1% is reutilized properly added to that the 55% of total solid waste in India are from the construction industry. The waste produced during the demolition can be well utilized if managed and appropriately recovered, which directly reduces the virgin raw material usage in the new construction, decreasing the amount ending in the landfill. This study aims to understand the strategies and technology for material recovery after the building's life. The literature review will be taken up to list the different strategy in practice for material recovery. The techniques for material recovery are discussed to understand more in detail. This research helps find the other methods for material recovery and equipment and technology during the demolition and reconstruction of the RCC framed structure. The bottlenecks in the adoption of the various strategy are studied in this research.

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Di Ruocco, Giacomo Di, Roberta Melella et Laura Sabatano. « Timber Buildings Deconstruction as a Design Solution toward Near Zero CO2e Emissions ». Buildings 13, n^o 1 (7 janvier 2023) : 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010157.

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The overall reduction in the environmental impacts of the construction industry is a complex process that requires methodological and applicative studies on the evaluation of the sustainability of the life cycle, related to both individual product and of the building system as a whole. In this context, with reference to the end-of-life phase of the building, the management of the disassembly and selective demolition plan of the building, allowing the reuse or recycling of the materials as well as of the building components and prefabricated elements used is fundamental. This research aimed to develop a methodology, applied to timber building systems, to mitigate CO2e emissions during the decommissioning and disposal of the building. The quantitative model developed considers the rates of the CO2e emissions involved in C (end-of-life) and D (benefits and loads beyond the system boundary) phases of building sustainability assessment. The model was applied to two wooden buildings: one with an XLAM structure and another one with a framed structure. In both cases, from the perspective of reusing the wood components for a subsequent life cycle, C and D phases of the process achieved an overall negative CO2e emission rate thanks to the offsetting from the carbon storage property of wood. This research has thus demonstrated the possibility of making the wood construction process circular through a zero-emission approach.

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Seo, Soo-yeon, Byunghee Lee et Jongsung Won. « Comparative Analysis of Economic Impacts of Sustainable Vertical Extension Methods for Existing Underground Spaces ». Sustainability 12, n^o 3 (29 janvier 2020) : 975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12030975.

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Without demolishing an entire existing building, it is possible to sustainably expand its underground spaces to enhance the building’s functionality. However, there have been a few relevant studies exploring this option, and they did not consider the financial feasibilities of underground vertical extension methods. Therefore, this paper analyzes the economic impacts of three sustainable vertical extension methods for existing underground spaces. The extension methods were the (1) bottom-up, (2) normal top-down, and (3) top-down with multi-post downward (MPD) methods. In order to analyze and compare the economic impacts of the underground vertical extension methods, 24 illustrative examples were generated in this paper. Construction costs of the three sustainable vertical extension methods for existing underground spaces are calculated and compared. Those are based on the quantity of used materials in the construction phase and dismantled materials in the demolition phase, as well as unit costs of each material. In addition, the structural stabilities of the examples are analyzed using MIDAS Gen 2017. As the results, the top-down method with MPD was the lowest sustainable method for vertically expanding underground spaces compared to other two methods under the same condition. Moreover, the higher the number of underground floors of existing buildings and the greater the number of extended basement floors, the more economically advantageous was the top-down method with MPD. Considering their structural stabilities and economic impacts of the extension methods help practitioners to select appropriate construction techniques and reduce costs, risks, and the amount of generated construction and demolition waste.

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Lachat, Ambroise, Konstantinos Mantalovas, Tiffany Desbois, Oumaya Yazoghli-Marzouk, Anne-Sophie Colas, Gaetano Di Mino et Adélaïde Feraille. « From Buildings’ End of Life to Aggregate Recycling under a Circular Economic Perspective : A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment Case Study ». Sustainability 13, n^o 17 (26 août 2021) : 9625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179625.

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The demolition of buildings, apart from being energy intensive and disruptive, inevitably produces construction and demolition waste (C&Dw). Unfortunately, even today, the majority of this waste ends up underexploited and not considered as valuable resources to be re-circulated into a closed/open loop process under the umbrella of circular economy (CE). Considering the amount of virgin aggregates needed in civil engineering applications, C&Dw can act as sustainable catalyst towards the preservation of natural resources and the shift towards a CE. This study completes current research by presenting a life cycle inventory compilation and life cycle assessment case study of two buildings in France. The quantification of the end-of-life environmental impacts of the two buildings and subsequently the environmental impacts of recycled aggregates production from C&Dw was realized using the framework of life cycle assessment (LCA). The results indicate that the transport of waste, its treatment, and especially asbestos’ treatment are the most impactful phases. For example, in the case study of the first building, transport and treatment of waste reached 35% of the total impact for global warming. Careful, proactive, and strategic treatment, geolocation, and transport planning is recommended for the involved stakeholders and decision makers in order to ensure minimal sustainability implications during the implementation of CE approaches for C&Dw.

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Schroeder, Horst, et Manfred Lemke. « Sustainability of earth building materials - Environmental product declarations as an instrument of competition in building material industry ». VITRUVIO - International Journal of Architectural Technology and Sustainability, n^o 1 (29 décembre 2015) : 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vitruvio-ijats.2015.4474.

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The evaluation of the building process in terms of their environmental impact in all life cycle phases of a building leads to the key principle of sustainable building: the analysis of the life cycle of the materials used in a building. The goal of this analysis is to reduce waste and keep the environmental impact as low as possible by “closing” the cycle. During an inventory, the entire life cycle is assessed. This includes the sourcing and extracting of the raw material, the use of the raw material to produce building products, elements and structures, the use in finished buildings including emission of pollutants, decay and maintenance, and, finally, the demolition of the building and the recycling of the demolition materials. Transportation between the individual phases as well as production-related material and energy flows are also included in this evaluation.Several European and national norms and regulations define core rules and a special instrument for the evaluation of the sustainable quality of a building product based on a quantitative analysis of the life cycle of the materials used in a building: the Environmental Product Declaration EPD. These documents are voluntary standards, commitments or guarantees for building products. They are provided by producers, organizations and quality assurance associations in order to establish the “environmental performance” of buildings in the form of a certificate. Such declarations must fully include all phases of the life cycle of a product by describing the environmental impact during production and use as well as possible health hazards for the users.Until now, EPDs for earth building products do not exist. This paper will give current information about a project for developing EPDs for earth mortars and earth blocks started by the German Dachverband Lehm e.V. (DVL).

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Efimov, Vladimir, Denis Pogodin et Myhammet Fakhratov. « Technological processes of reusing crushed concrete in the demolition of buildings in construction ». E3S Web of Conferences 110 (2019) : 01038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911001038.

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The paper is dedicated to waste processing management in waste processing technology. Processing of scrap concrete waste, similar in composition and condition to traditional raw materials, is economically and ecologically feasible. Secondary crushed stone obtained by crushing scrap of reinforced concrete panels in demolished five-storey apartment blocks of the first phase was studied. It is shown that concrete with scrap concrete waste shows strength properties similar to primary concrete and helps organize waste-free production. The methods of recycled waste usage, especially usage of secondary crushed stone made of crushed concrete scrap, are becoming ever more relevant with every passing year. Imported concrete aggregate volumes can be reduced by 15-30% due to usage of secondary crushed stone. Consideration of industrial waste problem and methods of solving this problem by using waste in construction industry, including secondary crushed stone made of crushed concrete scrap, is made. Annually, about 11.5 million tons of construction waste is generated in Moscow. The use of industrial waste similar in terms of composition and condition of traditional raw materials unquestionable from economic and environmental point of view. This study showed that concrete using fine granulated blast furnace slag as cement additives has higher initial strength characteristics.

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Sampaio, Alcínia Zita, Gonçalo B. Constantino et Nuno M. Almeida. « 8D BIM Model in Urban Rehabilitation Projects : Enhanced Occupational Safety for Temporary Construction Works ». Applied Sciences 12, n^o 20 (20 octobre 2022) : 10577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122010577.

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Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a relevant booster to the modernization of construction. The adoption of digital technologies positively contributes to more agile and integrated processes in all phases of the building life-cycle, namely with regard to project management activities. The implementation of BIM has been predominant in new building projects, but the current market cycle of the rehabilitation or refurbishing of existing buildings offers new opportunities of application to be explored. This paper explores such opportunities, namely with regard to the temporary construction works involved in urban rehabilitation projects with the preservation of the façades of the original buildings. It specifically addresses the impacts of the modeling efforts of steel frames and structures needed to temporarily support façades, after the demolition of the old buildings, and until the original façade is reintegrated into the structural elements of the new building. In a BIM context, an 8D model is created to explore BIM capabilities in enabling more efficient occupation safety and health coordination and management activities in building rehabilitation projects, namely in improving and validating the demolitions and construction methods and sequencing, the scheduling of construction works, and the mandatory occupational risk prevention documents for the construction site. The development of the research was supported on the use of the available BIM software: Revit, to model the façade and the temporary steel structural system; Microsoft Project, to schedule the construction works; Navisworks, to perform clash detection analyses and enable visual simulations for occupational risk, and its identification and mitigation. The study intends to contribute to the dissemination of BIM capabilities to improve occupation safety and health in construction, namely in rehabilitation projects involving temporary structures while contributing with innovative perspectives toward higher maturity in BIM implementation and use in the construction sector.

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Moazzen, Nazanin, Mustafa Erkan Karaguler et Touraj Ashrafian. « Assessment of the Life Cycle Energy Efficiency of a Primary School Building in Turkey ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 887 (janvier 2019) : 335–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.887.335.

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Energy efficiency has become a crucial part of human life, which has an adverse impact on the social and economic development of any country. In Turkey, it is a critical issue especially in the construction sector due to increase in the dependency on the fuel demands. The energy consumption, which is used during the life cycle of a building, is a huge amount affected by the energy demand for material and building construction, HVAC and lighting systems, maintenance, equipment, and demolition. In general, the Life Cycle Energy (LCE) needs of the building can be summarised as the operational and embodied energy together with the energy use for demolition and recycling processes.Besides, schools alone are responsible for about 15% of the total energy consumption of the commercial building sector. To reduce the energy use and CO2 emission, the operational and embodied energy of the buildings must be minimised. Overall, it seems that choosing proper architectural measures for the envelope and using low emitting material can be a logical step for reducing operational and embodied energy consumptions.This paper is concentrated on the operating and embodied energy consumptions resulting from the application of different architectural measures through the building envelope. It proposes an educational building with low CO2 emission and proper energy performance in Turkey. To illustrate the method of the approach, this contribution illustrates a case study, which was performed on a representative schoold building in Istanbul, Turkey. Energy used for HVAC and lighting in the operating phase and the energy used for the manufacture of the materials are the most significant parts of embodied energy in the LCE analyses. This case study building’s primary energy consumption was calculated with the help of dynamic simulation tools, EnergyPlus and DesignBuilder. Then, different architectural energy efficiency measures were applied to the envelope of the case study building. Then, the influence of proposed actions on LCE consumption and Life Cycle CO2 (LCCO2) emissions were assessed according to the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method.

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Göswein, V., S. Carvalho, A. Lorena, J. Fernandes et P. Ferrão. « Bridging the gap – A database tool for BIM-based circularity assessment ». IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science 1078, n^o 1 (1 septembre 2022) : 012099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1078/1/012099.

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Abstract The concept of circular economy attracts attention across sectors. Since construction materials are the single largest material stock and flow, there is a particular interest from research and policy to apply the circularity concept to buildings. Large quantities of construction and demolition waste end up in landfill, despite new EU legislation that requires a 70% recovery rate. There is a gap between this ambitious goal and the reality of the construction industry. Building Information Modelling (BIM) has the potential to improve building design and construction processes for an increased recovery of materials. However, insufficient data, inconsistent methods and interoperability issues inhibit BIM application to unfold its full potential in circularity assessments. This paper introduces the CirBIM database framework. It provides BIM users with the required robust data to improve the circularity throughout the building’s life cycle: from the design phase throughout renovation activities to the end-of-life stage. The paper proposes a new workflow of building circularity assessment, describe the architecture of the new database tool, and recommends relevant data sources and information models to streamline data mining processes. The new database tool is exemplified through application to a case study building in Portugal, emphasizing the need for different metrics and the need of integration of the end-of-life scenarios in the building design stage.

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Tokbolat, Serik, Farnush Nazipov, Jong R. Kim et Ferhat Karaca. « Evaluation of the Environmental Performance of Residential Building Envelope Components ». Energies 13, n^o 1 (31 décembre 2019) : 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010174.

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The role of buildings in the context of addressing the consequences of climate change and the energy deficit is becoming increasingly important due to their share in the overall amount of green house gas (GHG) emissions and rapidly growing domestic energy consumption worldwide. Adherence to a sustainability agenda requires ever-increasing attention to all stages of a building′s life, as such approach allows for the consideration of environmental impacts of a building, from design, through construction stages, until the final phase of a building′s life—demolition. A life cycle assessment (LCA) is one of the most recognized and adopted models for the evaluation of the environmental performance of materials and processes. This paper aims to perform an LCA of four different types of residential buildings in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan. The assessment primarily considered embodied energy and GHG emissions as key assessment indicators. Findings suggest that the operational stage contributed to more than half of the GHG emissions in all the cases. The results of the study indicate that there is a dependence between the comfort levels and the impact of the buildings on the environment. The higher the comfort levels, the higher the impacts in terms of the CO2 equivalent. This conclusion is most likely to be related to the fact that the higher the comfort level, the higher the environmental cost of the materials. A similar correlation can be observed in the case of comparing building comfort levels and life-cycle impacts per user. There are fewer occupants per square meter as the comfort level increases. Furthermore, the obtained results suggest potential ways of reducing the overall environmental impact of the building envelope components.

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Ronchi, D., M. Limongiello et F. Ribera. « FIELD WORK MONITORING AND HERITAGE DOCUMENTATION FOR THE CONSERVATION PROJECT. THE “FORO EMILIANO” IN TERRACINA (ITALY) ». ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W15 (26 août 2019) : 1031–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w15-1031-2019.

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Abstract. The area of the “Foro Emiliano”, the current “Piazza del Municipio” in the coastal town of Terracina in southern Latium, consists of an articulated group of building belonging to different historical moments. On the roman pavement of the forensic square stand out: a Roman theatre, the urban cathedral, medieval houses, a roman temple and recent buildings dating from the first half of the 20th century. Thanks to recent funding the “Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle Arti e Paesaggio per le province di Frosinone, Latina e Rieti” has undertaken the demolition of some modern houses insisting on the theatre’s porticus post scaenam and began an excavation of the entirely preserved cavea of the Roman theatre building. These interventions of urban archaeology were taken as an opportunity to plan an impressive 3D survey of the historic center, aiming: on one side at monitoring demolition and excavation work, offering a cartographic base for valorization projects, and on the other at the investigation of a vast monumental area. This paper analyses in detail the phases of integration, alignment, filtering and post processing of the acquired data, showing with evidence how the integration of active and passive sensors is the best approach in similar scenario.

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Haeusler, Matthias H., Nicole Gardner, Daniel K. Yu, Claire Oh et Blair Huang. « (Computationally) designing out waste : Developing a computational design workflow for minimising construction and demolition waste in early-stage architectural design ». International Journal of Architectural Computing 19, n^o 4 (17 novembre 2021) : 594–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14780771211040169.

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In the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry, waste is oft framed as an economic problem typically addressed in a building’s construction and demolition phase. Yet, architectural design decision-making can significantly determine construction waste outcomes. Following the logic of zero waste, this research addresses waste minimisation ‘at the source’. By resituating the problem of construction waste within the architectural design process, the research explores waste as a data and informational problem in a design system. Accordingly, this article outlines the creation of an integrated computational design decision support waste tool that employs a novel data structure combining HTML-scraped material data and historic building information modelling (BIM) data to generate waste evaluations in a browser-based 3D modelling platform. Designing an accessible construction waste tool for use by architects and designers aims to heighten awareness of the waste implications of design decisions towards challenging the systems of consumption and production that generate construction and demolition waste.

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Minunno, Roberto, Timothy O’Grady, Gregory Morrison, Richard Gruner et Michael Colling. « Strategies for Applying the Circular Economy to Prefabricated Buildings ». Buildings 8, n^o 9 (6 septembre 2018) : 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings8090125.

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In this paper, a circular-economy framework is applied to the prefabricated building sector to explore the environmental advantages of prefabrication in terms of reduction, reusability, adaptability, and recyclability of its components. A qualitative approach is used to revisit the design, construction, and demolition stages of prefabricated buildings; in so doing, the circular-economy framework is applied to foster circular prefabricated modi operandi. Prefabrication of buildings can be divided into four entities: elements and components, panels (or non-volumetric elements), volumetric, and entire modules. Through an analysis of published research on how the circular economy can be applied to different industry sectors and production processes, seven strategies emerged, each of which revealed the potential of improving the circular economy of buildings. The first strategy is reduction of waste through a lean production chain. By reusing the waste, the second strategy investigates the use of by-products in the production of new components. The third strategy focuses on the reuse of replacement parts and components. The fourth strategy is based on design toward adaptability, respectively focusing on reusability of components and adapting components for a second use with a different purpose. Similarly, the fifth strategy considers the implications of designing for disassembly with Building Information Modeling so as to improve the end-of-life deconstruction phase. The sixth strategy focuses on design with attention to recyclability of used material. Finally, the seventh strategy considers the use of tracking technologies with embedded information on components’ geometric and mechanic characteristics as well as their location and life cycle to enable second use after deconstruction. It is demonstrated that prefabricated buildings are key to material savings, waste reduction, reuse of components, and various other forms of optimization for the construction sector. By adopting the identified strategies in prefabricated buildings, a circular economy could be implemented within the construction industry. Finally, seven guidelines were distilled from the review and linked to the identified strategies. Owing to their degree of adaptability and capacity of being disassembled, prefabricated buildings would allow waste reduction and facilitate a second life of components.

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Dixit, M. K., et P. Pradeep Kumar. « Analyzing Embodied Energy and Embodied Water of Construction Materials for an Environmentally Sustainable Built Environment ». IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science 1122, n^o 1 (1 décembre 2022) : 012045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1122/1/012045.

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Abstract Buildings consume over 40% of global energy in their construction and operations contributing to over 39% of global carbon emission each year. This huge environmental footprint presents an excellent opportunity to reduce energy use and help deliver an environmentally sustainable built environment. Most of the energy is consumed by buildings as embodied energy (EE) and operational energy (OE). EE is used directly and indirectly during buildings’ initial construction, maintenance and replacement, and demolition phases through construction products and services. OE is used in the processes of heating, cooling, water heating, lighting, and operating building equipment. Most environmental optimization research has been centered on energy and carbon emission overlooking another critical sustainability aspect, water use. Each building also consumes a significant amount of freshwater as embodied water (EW) or virtual water in its initial construction, maintenance and replacement, and demolition phases. Since each primary and secondary energy source depletes water in its extraction, refinement or production, there is also a water expense associated with EE and OE use that must also be included in total EW use. The total EW, therefore, includes both non-energy and energy related water use. Research suggests that there are tradeoffs between EE and EW that may complicate design decisions such as material selection for environmental sustainability. In other words, a material selected for its lower EE may have higher EW and selecting such a material may not help reach environmental sustainability goals since water scarcity is becoming a grave problem. In this paper, we created an input-output-based hybrid (IOH) model for calculating and comparing EE and EW of building materials frequently used in building construction. The main goal is to examine and highlight any tradeoffs that may exist when selecting one material over another. The results reveal that there is a weak correlation between EE and total EW that is the sum of energy and non-energy water use, which means that a design decision made solely based on EE may conflict with EW. The share of energy related water use in total EW of construction materials also varies significantly (2.5%-31.2%), indicating that reducing energy use alone may not be sufficient to reduce freshwater use; additional efforts may be needed to decrease the use of materials and processes that are water intensive. The results of this study are significant to achieving the goal of creating a truly sustainable built environment.

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Caruso, Martina, Rui Pinho, Federica Bianchi, Francesco Cavalieri et Maria Teresa Lemmo. « A Life Cycle Framework for the Identification of Optimal Building Renovation Strategies Considering Economic and Environmental Impacts ». Sustainability 12, n^o 23 (7 décembre 2020) : 10221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122310221.

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It is well-known that the existing building stock is responsible for non-renewable resource depletion, energy and material consumption, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Life cycle analysis (LCA) procedures have thus been developed, in recent years, to assess the environmental impact of construction and operational phases through the entire building life cycle. Furthermore, the economic, environmental, and social consequences of recent natural disasters have encouraged the additional integration of hazard-induced impacts into common LCA procedures for buildings. Buildings are however expected to provide the population with safe living and working conditions, even when hit by different types of hazards during their service life, such as earthquakes. Hence, next-generation LCA procedures should include not only hazard-induced impacts, but also the contribution of potential retrofitting strategies that may alter the structural and energy performances of buildings throughout their remaining service life. This study presents a life cycle framework that accounts for the contributions of initial construction, operational energy consumption, earthquake-induced damage repair activities, potential retrofitting interventions, and demolition (considering also its associated potential material recycling), in terms of both monetary costs and environmental impacts. The proposed methodology can be used to undertake cost-benefit analyses aimed at identifying building renovation strategies that lead to an optimal balance, considering both economic and environmental impacts, between reduction of seismic vulnerability and increase of energy efficiency of a building, depending on the climatic conditions and the seismic hazard at the site of interest.

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De Gregorio, Stefania. « The rehabilitation of buildings. Reflections on construction systems for the environmental sustainability of interventions ». VITRUVIO - International Journal of Architectural Technology and Sustainability 4, n^o 2 (20 décembre 2019) : 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vitruvio-ijats.2019.12634.

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The old age and the poor state of repair of the Italian building heritage and the change in the needs and lifestyle of modern society require re-qualitative interventions of building rehabilitation. These operations are environmentally sustainable, favouring the protection of the soil, allowing the grey energy of the materials that make up the building to be depreciated over a greater number of years and which will have sufficient residual performance, also thanks to integration with other components.In order to safeguard the intrinsic sustainability of the rehabilitation of the building, it is necessary to act in the intervention taking into account its sustainability, considering the life cycle of both the building as a whole together with its specific redevelopment project. Sustainability in the management phase is conditioned by energy efficiency; in the construction and demolition phases, however, it is conditioned both by the construction techniques and the connection methods between the different elements of the construction system, and above all by the choice of its components and materials that make it up. The paper presents as an international best practice a dry construction system made with recycled elements derived from scaffolding and a wet construction system consisting of components in lime and hemp.

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Spišáková, Marcela, Tomáš Mandičák, Peter Mésároš et Matej Špak. « Waste Management in a Sustainable Circular Economy as a Part of Design of Construction ». Applied Sciences 12, n^o 9 (30 avril 2022) : 4553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12094553.

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The Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industries are the producers of the most significant waste stream in the European Union. Known EU initiatives propose to deal with the issue of construction and demolition waste (CDW) according to the principles of a circular economy: the 3Rs (reduce, reuse, and recycle). CDW is generated during the whole life cycle of construction. The lack of information about the quantity of CDW during the design phase of building needed for sustainable design of construction was identified as a research gap. The aim of our research is to quantify construction and demolition waste during the construction design phase in a circular economy. The proposed method is based on the generation rate calculation method. This paper describes the proposed methodology for quantifying selected types of construction waste: excavated soil, concrete, and masonry. This information is essential from the point of view of a sustainable circular economy. The main contributions of the paper were identified during the decision-making process of sustainable building design, during the audit of CDW management, and during building information modelling as a support tool for CDW management. As early as the construction design phase, there is the possibility of choosing technologies, construction processes, and materials that have a higher degree of circularity in the economy.

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Bai, Ning, et Rong Wang. « Researches on the Status and Problems of Conservation of Modern Relics and Representative Buildings ». Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (mai 2011) : 6778–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.6778.

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Excellent buildings in different period recording city memory in different phases, they are connected up and irreplaceable respectively. As the important part of cultural heritage, modern relics and representative buildings pass historical information authentically and play a crucial role in providing historic witnesses. They are carrying a large number of Chinese history and culture sequentially ranging from the Ming, Qing Dynasty, Republic of China, the early days of New China, the Cultural Revolution period, the Opening-up Reform to contemporary times. They are either relevant to the major historical events and people, or occupy a certain position in the history of urban development. They are the sections of complete chain of history and culture. Nevertheless, they’re hardly shown on the list of “preserved heritage”. Concurrent with the construction of city, a large number of excellent modern buildings are suffering from demolition and destruction for they were young. Because of our lack of conservation consciousness and actions, many of them are in a devil of hole fragmented. The partially neglect of the conservation of modern cultural heritage is bound to cause the rupture of our tradition and blankness in memory. It is an increasingly urgent trend to save and protect these building heritages without any delay. This paper attempts to discuss the problems of modern relics and representative buildings conservation and improvement of conservation system.

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Liu, Zhen, Peixuan Li, Fenghong Wang, Mohamed Osmani et Peter Demian. « Building Information Modeling (BIM) Driven Carbon Emission Reduction Research : A 14-Year Bibliometric Analysis ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n^o 19 (6 octobre 2022) : 12820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912820.

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Governments across the world are taking actions to address the high carbon emissions associated with the construction industry, and to achieve the long-term goals of the Paris Agreement towards carbon neutrality. Although the ideal of the carbon-emission reduction in building projects is well acknowledged and generally accepted, it is proving more difficult to implement. The application of building information modeling (BIM) brings about new possibilities for reductions in carbon emissions within the context of sustainable buildings. At present, the studies on BIM associated with carbon emissions have concentrated on the design stage, with the topics focusing on resource efficiency (namely, building energy and carbon-emission calculators). However, the effect of BIM in reducing carbon emissions across the lifecycle phases of buildings is not well researched. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the relationship between BIM, carbon emissions, and sustainable buildings by reviewing and assessing the current state of the research hotspots, trends, and gaps in the field of BIM and carbon emissions, providing a reference for understanding the current body of knowledge, and helping to stimulate future research. This paper adopts the macroquantitative and microqualitative research methods of bibliometric analysis. The results show that, in green-building construction, building lifecycle assessments, sustainable materials, the building energy efficiency and design, and environmental-protection strategies are the five most popular research directions of BIM in the field of carbon emissions in sustainable buildings. Interestingly, China has shown a good practice of using BIM for carbon-emission reduction. Furthermore, the findings suggest that the current research in the field is focused on the design and construction stages, which indicates that the operational and demolition stages have greater potential for future research. The results also indicate the need for policy and technological drivers for the rapid development of BIM-driven carbon-emission reduction.

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Majumder, Arnas, Laura Canale, Costantino Carlo Mastino, Antonio Pacitto, Andrea Frattolillo et Marco Dell’Isola. « Thermal Characterization of Recycled Materials for Building Insulation ». Energies 14, n^o 12 (15 juin 2021) : 3564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123564.

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The building sector is known to have a significant environmental impact, considering that it is the largest contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions of around 36% and is also responsible for about 40% of global energy consumption. Of this, about 50% takes place during the building operational phase, while around 10–20% is consumed in materials manufacturing, transport and building construction, maintenance, and demolition. Increasing the necessity of reducing the environmental impact of buildings has led to enhancing not only the thermal performances of building materials, but also the environmental sustainability of their production chains and waste prevention. As a consequence, novel thermo-insulating building materials or products have been developed by using both locally produced natural and waste/recycled materials that are able to provide good thermal performances while also having a lower environmental impact. In this context, the aim of this work is to provide a detailed analysis for the thermal characterization of recycled materials for building insulation. To this end, the thermal behavior of different materials representing industrial residual or wastes collected or recycled using Sardinian zero-km locally available raw materials was investigated, namely: (1) plasters with recycled materials; (2) plasters with natural fibers; and (3) building insulation materials with natural fibers. Results indicate that the investigated materials were able to improve not only the energy performances but also the environmental comfort in both new and in existing buildings. In particular, plasters and mortars with recycled materials and with natural fibers showed, respectively, values of thermal conductivity (at 20 °C) lower than 0.475 and 0.272 W/(m⋅K), while that of building materials with natural fibers was always lower than 0.162 W/(m⋅K) with lower values for compounds with recycled materials (0.107 W/(m⋅K)). Further developments are underway to analyze the mechanical properties of these materials.

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Melella, Roberta, Giacomo Di Ruocco et Alfonso Sorvillo. « Circular Construction Process : Method for Developing a Selective, Low CO2eq Disassembly and Demolition Plan ». Sustainability 13, n^o 16 (6 août 2021) : 8815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168815.

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With the increasing focus on the construction sector (e.g., following the European Green Deal initiative) with the aim to reduce emissions by 55% by 2030 (compared to 1990 levels), as well as achieve full decarbonisation by 2050, the built environment remains a strategic domain for the R&I (Research and Innovation) agenda. Indeed, the building and construction sector is the main contributor to greenhouse gas emissions (39% of global emissions as of 2018), highlighting the need to start a process of decarbonisation of this sector. The overall reduction in the environmental impact of building materials is achieved by establishing sustainable continuity between the end-of-life phase of the building and the production phase of individual building components. In particular, with reference to the end-of-life phase of the building (BS EN 15978: 2011), the Minimum Environmental Criteria foresee the preparation of a plan for the disassembly and selective demolition of the building, which allows the reuse or recycling of materials, building components and prefabricated elements used. According to the guidelines of a low-carbon construction design, which takes into account a circular economy, the following thesis deals with a methodological proposal to study “dry” construction systems (wood and steel). In particular, the study intends to reach the development of such an elaboration by carrying out an assessment of the environmental impact of a process of selective disassembly and demolition of steel building systems. The model is developed on the basis of a reading of the level of sustainability of emblematic case studies, appropriately identified, i.e., ‘quality’ architectures, built with ‘dry’ (steel) building systems.

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Stevulova, Nadezda, Adriana Estokova, Marian Holub, Eva Singovszka et Kornel Csach. « Characterization of Demolition Construction Waste Containing Asbestos, and the Release of Fibrous Dust Particles ». Applied Sciences 10, n^o 11 (11 juin 2020) : 4048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10114048.

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This paper focuses on the characterization of demolition construction waste containing asbestos fibers and the monitoring of fibrous dust released from asbestos–cement products (ACPs) during their removal from a three-story industrial building. Asbestos-containing products removal was carried out according to a demolition management system in terms of protection of workers. The results of a chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, infrared analysis and scanning electron microscopy of demolition waste samples confirmed the same material quality of asbestos–cement (AC) elements used throughout the building. In addition, a MgO/SiO2 ratio corresponding to a serpentine silicate mineral of chrysotile was detected by means of X-ray fluorescence analysis. Also, crystalline phase calcium silicates and calcium carbonates from the cement matrix were identified in the AC waste. The relatively large differences in the elemental analysis between the sample area and the individual points found by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic mapping are related to the composition heterogeneity. The highest content of magnesium occurs where asbestos fibers predominate in the cement matrix. The measured number concentrations of asbestos fibers before, during, and after asbestos–cement products removal were compared to outdoor concentrations. Indoor concentrations of asbestos fibers during the removal of AC materials did not exceed the permissible limit for a working environment (1000 fibers per one m3), except in three spots out of all the working sites inside the building. A relationship between the number and mass concentrations of asbestos dust is shown.

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Gubanova, D. P., A. A. Vinogradova, A. I. Skorokhod et M. A. Iordanskii. « Abnormal aerosol air pollution in Moscow near the local anthropogenic source in July 2021 ». Hydrometeorological research and forecasting 4 (16 décembre 2021) : 134–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37162/2618-9631-2020-4-134-148.

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The paper analyzes the composition of surface aerosol close to the local intense anthropogenic source of pollution associated with the active phase of demolition of multistorey buildings in the center of Moscow. An abnormal increase in the daytime PM10 aerosol particle concentration to 5 MPC for daily values and to 14 MPC for maximum single values was reinforced by unfavorable meteorological conditions in the middle of July 2021. Preliminary estimation of the power of the dust aerosol source and its effect on the aerosol air pollution in nearby areas of the city is performed. The extreme and background values of the aerosol mass concentration, its elemental composition and particle size distribution during this period are determined. It is necessary to take into account such point pollutant sources in estimating and forecasting environmental conditions in a densely populated city. Keywords: surface aerosol, local anthropogenic source, Moscow, aerosol mass concentration, elemental composition, meteorological conditions

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Machdi, Ardhiana Muhsin. « Building Information Modeling Concept And Its Application in Building Renovation Stage In Term Of Time Efficiency ». Journal of Architectural Research and Education 1, n^o 2 (1 janvier 2020) : 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/jare.v1i2.22303.

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Abstract—Nowadays Building Information Modeling, known as BIM has become a common topic in construction technology. Indonesian government has even accelerated the implementation of BIM as a requirement in planning above 2000 m2 since year 2018. The word renovation in BIM life cycle means one of the post-project building phases after maintenance, rehabilitation but before reach demolition phases as an ending of the building. On the other hand, renovation is not a strange thing for the Indonesian people and has direct meaning to its activity. Even though occupying a new property, there is always a tendency to change, add or even reduce some parts of existing buildings. Renovation is also unavoidable when there is a change in function in a building and it can be classified as adaptive reuse as part of the concept of sustainable building, a preservation and rehabilitation of an old building that has unique design or contains certain historical significance. This research is structured and focuses more on the issue of time efficiency which is very significant in the renovation stage. The method used in the form of a comparison between conventional methods with methods that apply the BIM concept. This is interesting to be observed as the benefits of research so that the concept of BIM can be understood and seen its real advantages.Keywords—building information modeling, renovation, efficiency

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Fernandes da Paz, Diogo Henrique, Kalinny Patrícia Vaz Lafayette et Maria do Carmo Sobral. « Waste Generation Indicators in Brazilian Construction Sites ». Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 45, n^o 4 (1 novembre 2019) : 419–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2019.419.

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The objective of this study is to perform a diagnosis of the Construction Waste (CW) generation at sites in the city of Recife, Brazil, and obtain indicators to improve waste management. This involved the collection of data through the establishment of partnerships with construction companies that build multifamily residential buildings in the region. To organize the information, a spreadsheet database was developed, containing the survey of the construction characteristics from each construction project, such as the phase, built area, total land area, demolition and excavation area, number of floors, execution time, among others. From this analysis, it was verified that the total CW generation increases as the built area increases. However, the generation rate has an inverse relationship, being higher for the projects with smaller built areas. It is therefore necessary to consider the size of the project in order to use the correct CW generation rate. The results obtained by the analysis of these 20 worksites indicate that new indicators of waste generation are required by construction phase and by size of the built area, in order to properly estimate how much CW was generated and the costs to manage it.

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Kim, Young-Chan, Yuan-Long Zhang, Won-Jun Park, Gi-Wook Cha, Jung-Wan Kim et Won-Hwa Hong. « Analysis of Waste Generation Characteristics during New Apartment Construction—Considering the Construction Phase ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, n^o 18 (19 septembre 2019) : 3485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183485.

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The waste generation rate (WGR) is used to predict the generation of construction and demolition waste (C&DW) and has become a prevalent tool for efficient waste management systems. Many studies have focused on deriving the WGR, but most focused on demolition waste rather than construction waste (CW). Moreover, previous studies have used theoretical databases and thus were limited in showing changes in the generated CW during the construction period of actual sites. In this study, CW data were collected for recently completed apartment building sites through direct measurement, and the WGR was calculated by CW type for the construction period. The CW generation characteristics by type were analyzed, and the results were compared with those of previous studies. In this study, CW was classified into six types: Waste concrete, waste asphalt concrete, waste wood, waste synthetic resin, waste board, and mixed waste. The amount of CW generated was lowest at the beginning of the construction period. It slowly increased over time and then decreased again at the end. In particular, waste concrete and mixed waste were generated throughout the construction period, while other CWs were generated in the middle of the construction period or towards the end. The research method and results of this study are significant in that the construction period was considered, which has been neglected in previous studies on the WGR. These findings are expected to contribute to the development of efficient CW management systems.

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Brunet-Navarro, Pau, Salvador Gilabert Sanz, Melchor Monleón Doménech, Miguel Redón Santafé, Eva Hermoso, Mariola Sánchez-González, Emilio Luengo, Zaratiana Mandrara, Jorge Gominho et José V. Oliver-Villanueva. « Interlocking Modular Insulation Panels Manufactured with Mediterranean Pinewood and Cork ». Environmental Sciences Proceedings 3, n^o 1 (13 novembre 2020) : 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecf2020-08072.

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Economic profitability of harvested softwood in Southwestern Europe is limited for low quality logs. Some social and environmental consequences of low incomes of rural activities are rural depopulation and accumulation of biomass in unmanaged forests. The energy efficiency of buildings could be improved as construction material employing local bioresources that are currently used to manufacture products of low added value. Here, the IMIP project (Innovative Eco-Construction System Based on Interlocking Modular Insulation Wood & Cork-Based Panels) aimed to support the change towards a low carbon economy using bioproducts (pinewood and cork) for smart, sustainable, and inclusive growth with a special focus on the public construction sector is presented. The main objective of the IMIP project is to design, validate and implement an innovative ecological construction system based on natural biological materials to improve energy efficiency in public buildings from the construction, use and demolition phases. The project also develops a tool to professionals from the construction sector (architects and engineers) and researchers to assess the carbon footprint of buildings. The products of the project have the ambition to improve the economic, social and environmental situation of rural areas of Southwestern Europe.

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Elena, Samourkasidou, Kitis Konstantinos et Gkiouzepas Giorgos. « Integrated Management of Construction and Demolition Waste as Key Factor of Urban Circular Economy ». Journal of Sustainability and Environmental Management 1, n^o 2 (26 mai 2022) : 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/josem.v1i2.45363.

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This paper has highlighted the importance of implementing a comprehensive action plan to promote the circular economy at municipal level using as a case study of the municipality of Kavala in the management of construction and demolition waste. There is a strong interest in this particular sector due to the significant building stock that requires demolition and also the pressures to the municipal waste management services due to the small-scale renovations of mainly short-term tourist accommodation. This study was conducted to understand the impact of an integrated strategic circular economy approach to urban sustainable development and resilience. To identify this correlation, the upper strategy was analyzed in its partial components and key pillars following the four-helix model while a link with the broader theoretical framework was formulated. Of particular added value is the underlining of the barriers and weaknesses identified during the planning process, which can act as a pilot in all corresponding Greek medium-sized cities. The results suggest that the integrated management of construction and demolition waste, which comprises actions at all distinct stages (raising awareness, planning, implementation and monitoring) have a positive impact on achieving the SDGs and in creating conditions for urban resilience. However, a quantitative assessment is recommended in order to evaluate through specific indicators when this strategy moves into the implementation phase.

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Máder, Patrik Márk, Nándor Bakai, András Horkai, József Etlinger, Márk Balázs Zagorácz et Olivér Rák. « Defining Focus Areas for Digitization to Reduce Construction Industry Generated CO₂ Emissions ». IOP Conference Series : Materials Science and Engineering 1203, n^o 3 (1 novembre 2021) : 032053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1203/3/032053.

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Abstract The amount of greenhouse gas emissions generated by the construction industry is significant, therefore it should be addressed to protect our environment in the 21st century. The present research is the starting point for a more complex analysis in bioengineering science. It examines the possibilities of implementing digital technologies and the gains that their application can achieve. The research provides an overview of CO2 emissions from construction processes and identifies areas that may focus on future detailed analysis. The study consists of two main parts: a literature review and an interview with digitization experts focused on the issues identified. The present research guides future development focus areas comparing interviews by market and scientific studies. It is essential to determine how significant results can be achieved by using modern digital tools and methodologies. In this way, the extent to which they affect global emissions can be examined, and their impact can be quantified. In the research, the full spectrum of the construction industry was explored, hence we comprehensively analyzed the impact and problems of the processes belonging to each phase of the lifecycle. Although the environmental impact of raw material extraction and processing is significant, its techniques can be improved primarily through innovative solutions that require organizational or governmental intervention. By examining the building phase and post-building phases of the lifecycle, significant reductions in emissions can be achieved through more detailed design, optimized construction, and well-thought-out operation and demolition processes. As a result, immediate interventions are needed in existing methods and procedures. Sustainable construction can be supported by applying new, more accurate, innovative, and higher quality design, construction, operation, and demolition methods. These changes will facilitate the implementation of digitization processes in the construction industry at a higher level and prepare proposals for the solution of environmental problems in the construction industry.

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Qi, Xi Jing, Lu Xu Peng et Jian Lou. « Comparative Study of New Construction and Renovation Project Based on Carbon Emission ». Advanced Materials Research 1008-1009 (août 2014) : 1269–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1008-1009.1269.

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Carbon emission is the final standard to test green building, and it's highly correlated with PM2.5. So, it's very important to establish a clear urban carbon reduction target to research accumulation and assessment framework of carbon emissions data, also, it's more important to establish a calculation model with high reliability of carbon emission used to evaluate the data. The carbon emission of construction is an important criterion to evaluate low-carbon index of construction. In this article, it takes a detailed analysis of carbon emission factors in .the construction life cycle with construction phase, usage and maintenance phase, and demolition recovery phase. At the same time, by the contrast and analysis, we can see that carbon emissions of renovation projects are much smaller than that of new projects, and making recommendations for reducing emissions.

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Atta, Ahmed, Nehal Ali, Mohamed Taman et Emad Etman. « Improvement the structural behavior of recycled RC elements using CdO nanoparticles ». Construction Innovation 18, n^o 2 (3 avril 2018) : 134–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-01-2017-0011.

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Purpose This study aims to investigate the use of CdO nanoparticles with recycled aggregates (RAs) and its effect on the structural behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) slab elements. Design/methodology/approach The study has been conducted through three phases: in the first phase, the structure of lab-synthesized CdO nanoparticles was investigated and then cement was partially replaced by CdO nanoparticles to estimate the optimum dose. The second phase focused on the properties of the RA collected from demolition wastes. In the third phase, RC slabs with different concrete mixes using RA and CdO nanoparticles were experimentally tested. Findings The results indicated good effect of using CdO nanoparticles with RA to improve the RC slab specimens’ behavior compared with the control specimen. Originality/value In present times, nanoparticles have a promising importance in the construction field. The influence of nanoparticles on the compressive strength of the concrete has been investigated by many researchers, but using it with RA is considered a new topic.

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Angrisano, Mariarosaria, et Francesco Fabbrocino. « The Relation between Environmental Risk Analysis and the Use of Nanomaterials in the Built Environment Sector : A Circular Economy Perspective ». Recent Progress in Materials 05, n^o 01 (11 janvier 2023) : 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/rpm.2301005.

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Nowadays, the challenge of climate change and “ecological transition” is substantially an “energy challenge” for every city, which is supposed to become as “energetically self-sufficient” as possible. The construction sector is one of the main contributors to the effects of climate change, starting from the production of materials to the use phase of buildings to their demolition. Recent innovations in sustainable/circular design are related to using “new materials." According to this perspective, nanomaterials are becoming an increasingly widespread practice in various sectors. Nanomaterials are considered very innovative materials able to solve different problems related to buildings' structural and energy efficiency due to their small size. However, the future challenge is to understand whether these materials can be considered “green" from their production stage since risks to human health have been found in both the manufacturing and use and disposal stages. In this regard, an abacus of the most commonly used nanomaterials in the construction industry is defined. Simultaneously, were identified the negative environmental impacts related to the use of these materials, to propose possible solutions to reduce/mitigate them. Therefore, from this analysis, it emerged that a possible solution could be to move to the “industrial biosynthesis process” for producing nanomaterials, according to the circular economy principles. However, this process must always be combined/supported by “Environmental Risk Analysis (ERA)," an evaluation tool capable of identifying and mitigating the adverse negative environmental impacts. The paper concludes with the consideration that new materials for the built environment should be functional and " beautiful," particularly when they are to be used for reuse projects in historic buildings.

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