Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Delinquente per tendenza »

This research aims to determine the relationship of peer comformity with tendency of juvenile delinquency on male students at SMP X. Participants in this study were male students in grade 2 SMP X as many as 39 students. The data was collected using the peer conformity scale and the juvenile delinquency tendency scale. The data analysis used the Pearson product moment correlation method. The results showed that there was a significant positive relationship between peer conformity and juvenile delinquency with a value of r = 0.821 and significance = 0.000 (p <0.05). This means that the higher peer conformity, the higher the tendency for delinquency in male students, and conversely the lower peer conformity in male students, juvenile delinquency is also low. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan konformitas teman sebaya dengan kecenderungan kenakalan remaja pada siswa laki-laki di SMP X. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa laki-laki kelas 2 SMP X sebanyak 39 siswa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan skala konformitas teman sebaya dan skala kecenderungan kenakalan remaja. Metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data yaitu menggunakan metode korelasi product moment dari Pearson. Hasil studi menunjukan adanya hubungan positif yang signifikan antara konformitas teman sebaya dan kecenderungan kenakalan remaja dengan nilai r = 0,821 dan signifikasi = 0,000 (p < 0,05). Artinya semakin tinggi konformitas teman sebaya maka semakin tinggi kecenderungan kenakalan pada siswa laki-laki, dan sebaliknya semakin rendah konformitas teman sebaya pada siswa laki-laki maka kenakalan remaja juga rendah

Risky behaviors (substance abuse, obesity, suicide, bullying, and others), many of which are indeed preventable, are common among high school students. The most important task in detecting, preventing, and intervening in risky behaviors in schools falls to the school guidance service and school psychological counselor. The main objective of this study is to determine the types and prevalence of risky behaviors observed among high school students and to analyze the practices performed by the school guidance service for such behaviors. This study was organized in accordance with the mixed research design for which qualitative and quantitative approaches were used together. In this context, quantitative (N1=566) and qualitative (N2=21) data collection processes were carried out with psychological counselors working in different types of high schools in 12 provinces. While statistical procedures were included for the quantitative data of the research, content analysis techniques were used for the qualitative data. The results showed smoking, peer bullying, cyberbullying, school dropout, obesity, delinquency, abuse, suicidal tendency and attempt, alcohol use, bonsai use, and other substance use as risky behaviors in high schools. The levels and frequency of these behaviors vary across school types. The preventive activities in the schools were generally based on informative seminars, and practical studies were limited. The research results also indicated that studies of risky behaviors were not sufficiently included in Ministry or school guidance framework programs. Furthermore, it was found that parents, teachers, and administrators gave limited support to the studies carried out within the scope of education and intervention for risky behaviors in schools. These results demonstrate that school psychological counselors encountered several personal, institutional, or legal obstacles in their studies on risky behaviors.

The present research featured theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of aggression and aggressive behavior. The authors revealed a tendency to study aggressive forms of behavior from the standpoint of biological, sociocultural, and psychological factors, as well as mechanisms of formation, determinants of reward, and methods of diagnosis, control, and correction. The article focuses on the prospects of studying aggressive manifestations from the standpoint of analysis of personality formation and self-awareness. The structure of self-conception in aggressive individuals appeared to be deformed. Researchers explain the deformation by the gap between Me-real and Me-ideal, impaired behavioral regulation methods, and problems of self-conception. The authors also revealed the importance of factors that increase the level of aggressive behavior in adolescents, namely unfavorable styles of family relations, poor participation in the educational process, peer pressure, etc. Predisposition to aggressive behavior can be associated with a small repertoire of constructive coping strategies, poor cognitive abilities, and difficulties in controlling and regulating emotions. The empirical research featured the psychological characteristics of the aggressive behavior of juvenile offenders in the context of character accentuations and personal selfconception. The authors studied the differences between the aggressive behavior of juvenile delinquents and the control group. The analysis detected connection between character accentuations and forms of aggressive behavior. The article illustrates the kinds of self-esteem and self-conception typical of adolescents with delinquent behavior experience.

Smoking is a one of a juvenile delinquency. However, if it is not handled properly, it will have an impact on adolescent tendency to a higher juvenile. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between peer social support and personality type with a trend of smoking on SMK Students in Sidoarjo. The hypothesis was that there is a positive relationship between social support of SMK Students (T) with a trend to smoke, there is a positive correlation between the personality type of vocational students (T) with a trend to smoke, and there is a positive relationship between social support and personality type with a trend to smoke. This research used three variables: two independent variables X1: peer social support, X2: personality type; and the dependent variable Y: the trends in smoking of SMK Students in Sidoarjo. The research data analysis used multiple correlation technique using SPSS 16.0 for Windows. The results obtained with the correlation coefficient ρ-0.073 (0.146)> 0.05, meaning that peer social support variables relationship with smoking trends were not significant; the correlation coefficient r with ρ 0.006 (0.904)> 0.05, meaning that the personality type variable relationship with smoking trends were not significant. These results showed that the hypothesis of the reseach were not proven.

It is a well known fact that drug abuse is most common in early adolescence. The most popular substances among youth are cannabis products (made from Cannabis sativa L., Cannaba-ceae). The majority of heroin and cocaine addicts have started with marijuana. The aim of this study is to show some psycho-social characteristics of adolescents who abuse cannabis. Research conducted during the year 2001 was epidemiological and prospective. The study group included 600 adolescents of equal gender and age distribution. Q 2000 questionnaire was used, as a comprehensive tool for all aspects of adolescent life. The results show strong peer impact on one’s behavior. Youth who use cannabis had 2-3 friends of the same behavior, compared to others who had none. We found positive correlation between life stressful events and cannabis abuse. We also noticed tendency to delinquent behavior related to cannabis abuse (35%).

This study aims to show how vicarious public shaming, that is the public disgrace of several peers in the same industry, affects focal firms’ corporate social performance (CSP). Drawing on the legitimacy and category theories, we suggest that since an increased vicarious public disgrace harms the legitimacy of the entire industry, peer companies attempt to negate these potential legitimacy losses by improving their CSP. This tendency is more pronounced in firms that have a poor record of CSP. Using a context of the Japanese blacklisted companies by the government for labor law delinquency between 2016 and 2019, our results confirm that vicarious public disgrace is a significant antecedent to improving CSP. Our findings also imply that the appropriate use of public disgrace can enhance overall the CSP levels.

Smoking is a one of a juvenile delinquency. However, if it is not handled properly, it will have an impact on adolescent tendency to a higher juvenile. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between peer social support and personality type with a trend of smoking on SMK Students in Sidoarjo. Thehypothesis was that there is a positive relationship between social support of SMK Students (T) with a trend to smoke, there is a positive correlation between the personality type of vocational students (T) with a trend to smoke, and there is apositive relationship between social support and personality type with a trend to smoke. This research used three variables: two independent variables X1: peer social support, X2: personality type; and the dependent variable Y: the trends in smoking ofSMK Students in Sidoarjo. The research data analysis used multiple correlation technique using SPSS 16.0 for Windows. The results obtained with the correlation coefficient ρ-0.073 (0.146)> 0.05, meaning that peer social support variablesrelationship with smoking trends were not significant; the correlation coefficient r with ρ 0.006 (0.904)> 0.05, meaning that the personality type variable relationship with smoking trends were not significant. These results showed that the hypothesis of the reseach were not proven.

In the context of externalising behaviour problems, risk factor research (RFR) focuses on risk and protective factors of juvenile delinquency, which can pertain to individual, system, and societal levels. Several instruments aiming at measuring these factors have been developed, but a comprehensive research tool is missing. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a questionnaire, the “Family, Peers, and Externalising Behaviour in adolescence” (FPEB) as a tool for assessing adolescents’ tendency of externalising behaviour, the quality of relation with their parents, and peer-relations. FPEB was administered to 835 Italian students (36.8% males, age M = 13.81, SD = 1.54) together with the Moral Disengagement questionnaire to test concurrent validity. Data about socio-demographics and school performance were also collected. An EFA (Promax rotation, subsample A, n = 444) resulted in a four-factor structure that was corroborated by a CFA (subsample B, n = 388). The factors were “externalising behaviour” (var 13.16%), “peer relations difficulties” (var 11.10%), “Family conflict” (var 8.32%), and “lack of family negotiation” (var 7.11%) and showed good internal consistency (all α ≥ 0.65). There were differences between males and females in the correlational patterns of the four factors. The FPEB factors also showed good concurrent validity: two of the four factors (“lack of family negotiation” and “externalising behaviour”) and the total score of the scale correlated with the “Moral disengagement scale”, whereas peer relation difficulties did not. Further analyses also showed gender differences (except for “peer relations difficulties”) and an association between students’ school performance and “externalising behaviour”, “family conflict”, and the total FPEB scores. We concluded that the FPEB is a tool that is potentially useful to assess risk and protective factors and to plan targeted interventions (focusing on the specific area). Limitations and suggestions for further improvements are also discussed.

Grounded in criminological theories (routine activity, social bonding, social disorganization, control balance, differential association, and general strain), this study extended the victim-offender overlap research by considering the specificity of rurality. We collected data from 2,839 adolescents in rural China and applied multilevel item response theory modeling. Both victim-offender overlap and differentiation were evident among rural adolescents. The victimization-offending overlap was associated with unstructured socializing, family and neighborhood control, moral beliefs, peer delinquency, and certain forms of social strain (loss of positively valued stimuli and exposure to negative stimuli). The differential tendency toward victimization over offending was a function of non-deviant solitary routines, failure to achieve positively valued goals, and strain-specific depression. The insignificance of control imbalance may need clarification of its conceptual relevance to rurality.

L’elaborato si propone di ricostruire, valorizzando il contesto storico-giuridico coevo, il contributo offerto da Agostino Gemelli allo sviluppo del diritto penale. A tale scopo, la ricerca muove dalla fine dell’Ottocento, seguendo la formazione “positivista” di Edoardo Gemelli presso l’Università di Pavia e, al contempo, le vicende della contemporanea dottrina penalistica, costretta a confrontarsi con le istanze di cambiamento veicolate dall’antropologia criminale e raccolte, in seguito, dalla Scuola positiva di Enrico Ferri. Dalla constatazione dello stallo creatosi, all’inizio del secolo scorso, tra quest’ultima e le forze “della tradizione”, l’indagine prende le mosse per trattare della critica sviluppata da Gemelli circa le teorie dei positivisti, sia sul versante antropologico (i diversi scritti su Cesare Lombroso), sia su quello giuridico (il Parere Gemelli-Battaglini sul Progetto Ferri di codice penale). All’analisi di questa pars destruens, fa seguito una valutazione della pars costruens gemelliana – il programma per un diritto penale cattolico esposto alle Settimane Sociali del 1924 – e della sua corrispondenza con i principi informanti la coeva riforma penale ad opera della Scuola tecnico-giuridica, con un’attenzione particolare alle considerazioni espresse, alla luce della nozione di “personalità del delinquente”, sulle disposizioni del Codice Rocco, sia durante la sua formazione, sia nella sua piena vigenza.
The thesis aims to reconstruct, enhancing the historical-legal context of the time, the contribution of Agostino Gemelli to the development of criminal law. In this respect, the research begins from the end of the nineteenth century, following Gemelli during his “positivist” training at the University of Pavia and, simultaneously, the evolution of coeval criminal law scolarship, committed to face the demands for change initially conveyed by criminal anthropology, and later collected by the Positive School of Enrico Ferri. Moving from the stalemate arisen at the beginning of the last century between the latter and the forces “of tradition”, the investigation deals with Gemelli’s critique of the positivists’ theories, carried out on both the anthropological and the legal field. The analysis of this pars destruens is followed by an evaluation of Gemelli’s pars costruens – the program for a Catholic criminal law presented at the Social Weeks of 1924 – and of its match to the principles informing the criminal law reform developed by the Technical-juridical School. Particular attention is devoted to the considerations expressed by the author, in light of the notion of “personality of the criminal”, on the provisions of the Rocco Code, both during its preparation process and when it came into force.