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Astariyani, Ni Luh Gede, et I. Gusti Ngurah Wairocana. « Delegation of Governor Regulation in Ensuring Utility and Justice ». Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal) 8, no 3 (30 septembre 2019) : 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jmhu.2019.v08.i03.p02.
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Delegation means delegation of authority to make Law and Regulations. Article 246 paragraph (1) of Act No. 23 of 2014 on Regional Government stipulates that “to implement the Regional Regulation or over the power of Law and Regulations, the Head of Region shall pass the Head of Region Regulation.” The words "implement" and "over the power" which contains ambiguity of command cause philosophical problem related to the validity value. It becomes a sociological problem if such delegation cannot predict the dynamics of society. Furthermore, it becomes a juridical problem due to the existence of vague norm which creates multi interpretation which could potentially miss the aim of delegation of regulation. Specifically, this article has specific aims to examine philosophically concerning the need for delegations of authority to regulate, examine and find the direction of regulation in the delegation of regulation to governor regulation in ensuring utility and justice. This is a normative legal research with literature study which employs statute, philosophy, theories, conceptual and contextual approaches. The study so that with regard to the philosophical basis, delegation of regulation to Governor Regulation is needed to formulate technical and detail norms, the urgent factor contained herein as well as brief discussion and The direction of regulation to the Governor Regulation in the Regional Government Act to implement Regional Regulation or over the power of law and regulations. Such direction is based on command from the higher law and regulations, or established based on delegation.
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Cassim, Rehana. « A Critical and Comparative Analysis of Delegation and Reliance by Company Directors under the South African Companies Act 71 of 2008 ». African Journal of International and Comparative Law 32, no 1 (février 2024) : 125–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ajicl.2024.0477.
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Delegation by directors and reliance on third parties is an important practical issue. Directors unlawfully delegating their powers or relying on third parties could face serious consequences, such as liability for breach of fiduciary duties, or even disqualification from acting as directors. Uncertainty over when a director may appropriately delegate to or rely on others could foster an overcautious approach to managing the company’s affairs and impede the company’s decision-making processes. This article critically analyses the principles of directors’ delegation and reliance on third parties under the South African Companies Act 71 of 2008. It contends that these principles lack clarity and are ambiguous. It compares these principles to the equivalent provisions of the Revised Model Business Corporations Act 1984 of the United States of America and the Corporations Act 2001 of Australia and makes recommendations to clarify and improve the law relating to delegation and reliance by company directors.
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Ahmadi, Candra, Hasnati Hasnati et Indra Afrita. « PELIMPAHAN WEWENANG SECARA DELEGATIF KEPADA PERAWAT TERHADAP TINDAKAN SIRKUMSISI BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 38 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG KEPERAWATAN ». JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH 5, no 3 (20 octobre 2022) : 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.54314/jssr.v5i3.996.
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Abstract: Health services to the community include promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative services. On of the health services in the field of promotive and preventive is circumcision (sunat/khitan). Circumcision in indonesia is a common practice in society based on religious guidance, customs, or cultural and social guidailines. Circumcision usually done by most nurses in carrying out independent practice. Circumcision according to law number 29 of 2009 concerning medical practice is an invasive procedure or minor surgery under the authority of a doctor. These actions can be carried out by nurses with delegation of authority either by mandate or by delegative. The delegation of authority to nurses based on law number 38 of 2014 concerning nursing is only general in nature and is not clear and detailed. Avoiding overlapping authorities, this study analyzes the extent of delegation, of authority and legal responsibilities in the delegation. Keywords: circumcision, delegation of authority, delegative, nursing law Abstrak: Pelayanan kesehatan terhadap masyarakat meliputi pelayanan promotif, preventif, kuratif dan rehabilitatif. Salah satu pelayanan kesehatan di bidang promotif dan preventif adalah sirkumsisi (sunat/khitan). Sunat/khitan di Indonesia merupakan tindakan yang lazim di tengah masyarakat berdasarkan tuntunan agama, kebiasaan adat istiadat atau budaya dan sosial. Khitan sudah biasa dilakukan sebagian besar perawat dalam menjalankan praktek mandiri. Tindakan sirkumsisi menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 29 Tahun 2009 tentang Praktik Kedokteran merupakan tindakan invasif atau bedah minor yang merupakan kewenangan dokter. Tindakan tersebut dapat dilakukan oleh perawat dengan pelimpahan wewenang baik secara mandat atau delegasi. Pelimpahan wewenang kepada perawat berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 38 Tahun 2014 Tentang Keperawatan hanya bersifat umum dan tidak jelas dan rinci. Menghindari terjadinya tumpang tindih kewenangan, penelitian ini menganalisis sejauh mana pelimpahan wewenang secara delegasi dan tanggung jawab hukum dalam pedelegasian tersebut. Kata kunci: sunat, pendelegasian wewenang, pendelegasian, hukum keperawatan
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Somek, A. « On Delegation ». Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 23, no 4 (1 décembre 2003) : 703–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ojls/23.4.703.
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Rockett, Andrew. « Protecting Climate Change Law from a Revived Nondelegation Doctrine ». Michigan Journal of Environmental & ; Administrative Law, no 11.1 (2021) : 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.36640/mjeal.11.1.protecting.
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In an era of political gridlock, a potential revitalization of the nondelegation doctrine threatens the Environmental Protection Agency’s existing framework for regulating greenhouse gas emissions and addressing the urgent threat of climate change. At its apex, the nondelegation doctrine briefly constrained permissible delegations from the legislature to the executive branch after two Supreme Court decisions in 1935. The doctrine has since weakened under the lenient “intelligible principle” standard. That standard today allows the legislative branch to make broad delegations to administrative arms of the executive branch, which then use technological and bureaucratic expertise to clarify, implement, and enforce statutes. The result is today’s administrative state—the federal government’s answer to the demanding complexities of modern society, the expansive duties of the federal government, and intense political gridlock in the legislature. However, with multiple Supreme Court Justices indicating support for reviving a stricter form of the nondelegation doctrine, many key, broad agency delegations are under threat, including the Clean Air Act’s delegation to the Environmental Protection Agency requiring regulation of greenhouse gas emissions. The urgency of the fight against climate change, combined with the political difficulty in passing new legislation, necessitates careful consideration of what revived nondelegation doctrine may require of legislative tasks assigned to the executive. In this note, I analyze the potential threat and its solutions and conclude that a revived nondelegation doctrine poses a substantial threat to the Clean Air Act’s delegation to the EPA. For this reason, intricate constitutional arguments and carefully crafted legislation may both be necessary to preserve the EPA’s ability to regulate greenhouse gas emissions.
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Voermans, Wim. « Delegation Is a Matter of Confidence ». European Public Law 17, Issue 2 (1 juin 2011) : 313–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/euro2011022.
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This contribution discusses the new delegation system of the Treaty of Lisbon (Articles 290 and 291 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)) and the current debate between the EU institutions on the control over delegated legislation and on the future of comitology. The European Parliament (EP) opposes the strategy of the European Commission to involve the Council in some way or in some respect in delegated legislation other than via the mechanism that the Lisbon Treaty provides. Parliament wants comitology to end once and for all, or so it seems. Whether or not they are able to make the Commission and Council change course remains to be seen. By way of a preliminary conclusion, the contribution argues that - whatever the outcome of the current debate - delegation relies and needs to rely on confidence between the delegating authority and the delegate.
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Metzger, Gillian E. « Privatization as Delegation ». Columbia Law Review 103, no 6 (octobre 2003) : 1367. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3593390.
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Schoenbrod, David. « Delegation without Accountability ». Harvard Law Review 108, no 3 (janvier 1995) : 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1341923.
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Bar-Gill, Oren, et Cass R. Sunstein. « Regulation as Delegation ». Journal of Legal Analysis 7, no 1 (juin 2015) : 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jla/lav005.
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van Rijsbergen, Marloes, et Miroslava Scholten. « The ESMA-Short Selling Case : Erecting a New Delegation Doctrine in the EU upon the Meroni-Romano Remnants ». Legal Issues of Economic Integration 41, Issue 4 (1 novembre 2014) : 389–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/leie2014022.
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The delegation of powers to EU agencies has been a matter for debate for a long time since no treaty provision has even governed this issue specifically, nor has the Court applied the restrictive Meroni standard of delegating executive and not discretionary powers directly to agencies. In light of the new ESMA-short selling judgment and its implications, this article discusses the issues of the nature and scope of powers that EU agencies can be given. It argues that upon the Meroni-Romano remnants, the new judgment erects a new delegation doctrine in the EU: EU agencies can be given powers to take legally-binding decisions of general application. These powers may entail discretion, which should be limited. This article concludes by highlighting a number of questions that remain unresolved. It argues for the necessity of a (treaty-based) legal framework because empowering EU agencies is an act of conferral, rather than delegation, and discretion given to agencies may be at times of a legislative (normative) nature.
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Rumpf, Julius. « Quaternary Law in EU Electricity Regulation : Stretching Meroni too Far ? » European Energy and Environmental Law Review 33, Issue 1 (1 janvier 2024) : 2–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr2023021.
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In the European electricity sector, the delegation of rule-making has literally reached the next level. Socalled ‘methodologies’, legally binding rules developed between private electricity companies and specialized regulatory agencies, constitute a vast and growing body of ‘quaternary law’. The methodologies and their unique features raise numerous interesting questions for scholars of EU law, but they remain severely underresearched. This is regrettable, since the methodologies illustrate another pressing issue related to the delegation of rule-making: the fuzzy legal boundaries to delegation. These follow from the European Court of Justice’s (ECJ’s) non-delegation, or Meroni doctrine, which however seems to be subject to a creeping maceration. As the methodologies show, the resulting legal uncertainty encourages ever-bolder models of delegation, raising grave constitutional concerns. At the same time, the methodologies illustrate a need for delegated rule-making in technical sectors, such as electricity. The argument of this article is that the ECJ should therefore revise the Meroni doctrine to restore legal certainty with respect to delegation, while also respecting the requirements of regulatory reality. This article discusses possible approaches and proposes a starting point for a ‘Meroni doctrine 2.0ʹ. Meroni doctrine, non-delegation doctrine, tertiary law, quaternary law, electricity market integration, ACER, Clean Energy Package, European network codes and guidelines, terms, conditions and methodologies
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Dewhurst, Dale, David Hampton et Roger A. Shiner. « Delegation as a Source of Law ». Ratio Juris 16, no 1 (mars 2003) : 56–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9337.00224.
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Lawson, Gary. « Delegation and Original Meaning ». Virginia Law Review 88, no 2 (avril 2002) : 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1074001.
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Krent, Harold J., et David Schoenbrod. « Delegation and Its Discontents ». Columbia Law Review 94, no 2 (mars 1994) : 710. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1123205.
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Kritzman-Amir, Tally. « Privatization and Delegation of State Authority in Asylum Systems ». Law & ; Ethics of Human Rights 5, no 1 (1 mai 2011) : 194–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1938-2545.1057.
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One of the measures taken by states to relieve the burden of providing for asylum seekers and refugees is privatization and delegation of asylum regimes. I analyze the privatization and delegation of authority that is taking place within asylum systems and describe three tiers of privatization/delegation: 1. admission at points of entry or criminalization of undocumented entry, 2. status determination, 3. social integration and provision of social and economic rights and benefits. I then ask why states are privatizing and delegating authority within the context of asylum systems and argue that privatization and delegation of authority are intended to be used to maintain control and reduce immigration and integration of asylum seekers. Governments are often helpless in their attempts to manage refugee migration and need to recruit other sectors to assist them in regaining control over immigration. This tool is particularly instrumental as it allows governments to maintainto a large extentcontrol of immigrations and at the same time distance themselves from their responsibilities, from human rights violations, etc. Governments attempt to have private or other actors carry out acts that they cannotwhether because of practical reasoning or due to legal constraints. Finally, I argue that asylums systems are a special locus; thus, special care, great caution, much regulation, or complete refrain from privatizing at all, is paramount since privatization of asylums systems carries unique and severe consequences.
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Song, Young-Min. « Medical Contract ». Wonkwang University Legal Research Institute 28 (31 décembre 2022) : 61–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22397/bml.2022.28.61.
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This paper reviewed the legal nature of medical contracts and the legislative method of medical contracts by reviewing the problems arising in the process of establishing, implementing, and terminating medical contracts in relation to delegation contracts under civil law.
In general, non-typical contracts can be divided into ①completely newly created, ②similar to a typical contract, but they are deformed beyond acceptance as a typical contract, and ③the specificity of the contract needs to be discussed.
Delegation contracts and medical contracts have a common purpose of handling affairs, but there are differences in essential aspects between delegation provisions under the Civil Act for the purpose of handling property affairs and medical contracts accompanied by invasion of human life or body.
Therefore, the norms of delegation contracts are rarely actually applied to medical contracts, or there are cases where there is partial intervention in public law, but there are cases where they have theoretical continuity.
However, in the essential elements of both contracts, medical contracts have their own characteristics independent of delegation contracts. Medical contracts are not completely newly created or modified to the point that they cannot be included in a typical contract. Therefore, it should be said that it is a type that needs to be discussed in the delegation contract. In other words, it should be said that delegation contracts and medical contracts have a relative relationship between general types and special types, abstract types and specific types, or basic types and subtypes.
Even if medical contracts are subordinate to delegation contracts, the difference between delegation contracts and medical contracts should be seen as larger than non-typical contracts (franchise contracts, etc.) in the form of different office processes theoretically and practically.
Since medical contracts are basically based on the rules of human life and body invasion, they should be considered to have a significant difference from the civil law's delegation regulations governing property management. If so, it should be seen that there is a characteristic that cannot be solved by a delegation contract under civil law and a new type of typical contract under civil law.
Civil law discussions on the obligations of doctors and patients arising from medical contracts are still in a fluid state. The Civil Code established the basic framework of contracts between individuals.
It is not appropriate to incorporate medical contracts with strong public legal elements within these civil codes. As for the legislative form of medical contracts, it is considered reasonable to enact civil special law specializing in medical contracts.
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Idris, Nur Azizah, Abdul Razak et Muhammad Ilham Arisaputra. « DELEGATION OF MEDICAL ACTION AUTHORITY OF DOCTORS TO NURSES IN HEALTH SERVICES IN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENTS : EMPIRICAL LEGAL ». Journal of Law and Sustainable Development 12, no 4 (2 avril 2024) : e3461. http://dx.doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v12i4.3461.
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Purpose: This study aims to analyze the implementation of the delegation of authority of medical actions of doctors to nurses in the emergency department and explore the legal responsibility of the delegation of authority of medical actions of doctors to nurses in the emergency department in Indonesia. Theoretical Fremework: Theoretically, this research is expected to contribute intellectually and academically to the enhancement of understanding of healthcare laws for healthcare practitioners, institutional leaders, and to provide a sense of security and protection in carrying out healthcare services functions to the community, especially in the provision of medical procedures at healthcare facilities. Additionally, it is expected to provide practical insights for the goverment, hospital directors, and health departments in order to improve healthcare services to the public and ensure legal protection for healthcare workers in carrying out their professional duties. Method: The type of research method used is empirical legal research. Data primarily obtained from respondents using a list of questions (questionnaire) and direct interviews with the research object. In addition to that, it is also based on legal materials that are relevant to the discussion or problem being researched and other supplementary legal materials that can provide explanations. Results: The delegation of medical action authority from doctors to nurses in healthcare services at emergency rooms is regulated in Article 290 of Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health. Medical and healthcare services, consisting of both mandatory delegation. The scope of work delegated through partnership must be clearly and specifically defined in writing within the authority delegation letter and adjusted according to the level of competence of the nurse. The doctor as the delegator and the nurse as the recipient of medical authority there are also responsibilities of the hospital, as well as the central and local governments, especially in meeting the national needs for medical and healthcare personnel. In handling medical dispute cases, law enforcement agencies must prioritize the mechanism of restorative justice. If no agreement is reached, the dispute is then taken over by the professional disciplinary board under the Ministry of Health to determine whether there has been any violation of professional discipline by medical and healthcare personnel. Conclusions: 1) Delegation of authority for doctor’s medical actions to nurses in health services in emergency departments in Indonesia, regulated in Law No. 17 of 2023 concerning Health Article 290, Minister of Health Regulation No. 2052 of 2011 Article 23 and Minister of Health Decree No. HK.01.07-425 of 2020 concerning Nursing Professional Standards; 2) Responsibilities by doctors, nurses, and hospitals regarding the delegation of authority for doctors’ medical actions to nurses in health services in emergency departments must be carried out by laws.
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Mbaduet, Josephine Florentine. « Delegation of Managerial Power : A Modern Lever for Participative Management in Cameroonian SMEs ». Journal of Management and Strategy 14, no 2 (23 novembre 2023) : 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jms.v14n2p59.
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The main aim of this study is to highlight how the manager transfers her power to a company employee, whether close to the management board or not, to carry out a certain number of tasks on her behalf. An analysis of the literature revealed that, on the one hand, the delegation of power is a form of participative management that has a more or less harmful influence on the company and certain stakeholders. On the other hand, it has been shown that the delegation of power engenders an agency relationship that is a source of conflicts of interest between the delegator and the delegatee, due to non-compliance with contractual clauses or the opportunism of the delegatee, who may use any means at his disposal to definitively oust the delegator and remain in his new position for a long time. This practice does exist within companies in Cameroon, although it is not clearly defined by OHADA law.
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Grobovšek, Jan. « Managerial Delegation, Law Enforcement, and Aggregate Productivity ». Review of Economic Studies 87, no 5 (25 mai 2020) : 2256–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdaa025.
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Abstract I propose a novel general equilibrium framework to quantify the impact of law enforcement on the internal organization of firms and thereby on aggregate outcomes. The model features an agency problem between the firm and its middle managers. Imperfect law enforcement allows middle managers to divert revenue from firms, which reduces delegation and constrains firm size. I use French matched employer–employee data for evidence of the model’s pattern of managerial wages. Relative to the French benchmark economy, reducing law enforcement to its minimum value decreases GDP (equivalently, total factor productivity; TFP) by 23% and triples the self-employment rate. Consistent with the model, I document cross-country empirical evidence of a positive correlation between law enforcement indicators and the aggregate share of managerial workers. Mapped across the world, the model explains 3–6% of the ratio in GDP per worker between the poorest and richest quintile of countries, and 6–11% of their TFP ratio.
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Bryan, Darren S., et Robert M. Sade. « Delegation of Informed Consent : Law and Ethics ». Annals of Thoracic Surgery 106, no 3 (septembre 2018) : 651–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2018.05.015.
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Jakobs, Horst Heinrich. « X. Fiducia und Delegation ». Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte. Romanistische Abteilung 110, no 1 (1 août 1993) : 370–423. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/zrgra.1993.110.1.370.
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Simoncini, Marta. « Paradigms for EU Law and the Limits of Delegation. The Case of EU Agencies ». Perspectives on Federalism 9, no 2 (1 novembre 2017) : E—47—E—72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pof-2017-0009.
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Abstract This article questions the idea that the EU is a pure regulatory power based on supranational delegation of competence from the Member States. It claims the insufficiency of this single paradigm to explain the developments of EU law and the need to integrate it with recognition of the constitutional foundations of EU law. The analysis demonstrates this by focusing on a specific case study of institutional design in the internal market integration: the delegation of powers to EU agencies. By recognising the judicial evolution of the so-called Meroni doctrine concerning the non-delegation of powers to EU agencies, the article unveils that, legally speaking, the enhancement of EU agencies’ powers takes place in the autonomous constitutional framework of the EU legal order. This constitutional foundation of EU law shall therefore complement the supranational delegation paradigm. Only in this wider approach can the legitimacy of EU agencies’ powers be framed and accommodated in the composite nature of the EU as a Union of Member States. On these grounds, the final remarks highlight the need for a more comprehensive paradigm for EU law that can explain these different aspects of EU law under a common approach based on a wider public law discourse.
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Åhman, Joachim. « International Delegation in the Swedish Constitution ». European Public Law 23, Issue 3 (1 août 2017) : 527–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/euro2017031.
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It has become rather common for States to enter into international agreements where an external body, often an international organization, is given the right to make decisions binding on the States under international law. This is often referred to as ‘international delegation’, and the prime example is of course the European Union. Such agreements may affect the States’ sovereignty in different ways, and therefore, there may be good reasons for a State to have a constitutional regulation limiting the possibilities to delegate decision-making authority. In Sweden, this type of regulation can be found in Chapter 10 of the 1974 Instrument of Government. This article contains an analysis of how the Swedish regulation is constructed, taking into account both a national constitutional law perspective, and an international law perspective. The main conclusion is that the construction is problematic, since an international delegation is treated more or less like a delegation from one internal body to another. The architects of the regulation do not seem to have taken into account the international law perspective to any larger extent. Three aspects of the problem are highlighted in the article, and a few suggestions on how the regulation could be changed are made.
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Golovin, Alexey G. « Constitutional principles of the delegation of power by the people in the Russian Federation : the search for a concept ». Gosudarstvo i pravo, no 1 (2022) : 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s102694520018268-5.
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The article examines the constitutional principles of the delegation of power by the people, the source of which it is. The author's methodological vision of the approach to the study of the foundations of the constitutional and legal concept of delegation of power is presented, the analysis of the essential interrelations of the key concepts that make up its terminological base: the will of the people, people’s sovereignty, power and the process of delegation is carried out. In the context of the topic under study, the forms of direct expression of the power of the people and the prospects for their development are considered. The author’s concept of responsible delegation of power is proposed for further research and scientific discussion, which includes socio-psychological aspects of the personal attitude of citizens to building a system of public power at all its levels and assumes a constant constructive dialogue between government institutions and society
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Idris, Nur Azizah, Abdul Razak et Muhammad Ilham Arisaputra. « Delegation of Medical Action Authority of Doctors to Nurses in Health Services in Emergency Departments : Empirical Legal ». Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 18, no 2 (15 mai 2024) : e06155. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n2-117.
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Purpose: This study aims to analyze the implementation of the delegation of authority of medical actions of doctors to nurses in the emergency department and explore the legal responsibility of the delegation of authority of medical actions of doctors to nurses in the emergency department in Indonesia. Theoretical Fremework: Theoretically, this research is expected to contribute intellectually and academically to the enhancement of understanding of healthcare laws for healthcare practitioners, institutional leaders, and to provide a sense of security and protection in carrying out healthcare services functions to the community, especially in the provision of medical procedures at healthcare facilities. Additionally, it is expected to provide practical insights for the goverment, hospital directors, and health departments in order to improve healthcare services to the public and ensure legal protection for healthcare workers in carrying out their professional duties. Method: The type of research method used is empirical legal research. Data primarily obtained from respondents using a list of questions (questionnaire) and direct interviews with the research object. In addition to that, it is also based on legal materials that are relevant to the discussion or problem being researched and other supplementary legal materials that can provide explanations. Results: The delegation of medical action authority from doctors to nurses in healthcare services at emergency rooms is regulated in Article 290 of Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health. Medical and healthcare services, consisting of both mandatory delegation. The scope of work delegated through partnership must be clearly and specifically defined in writing within the authority delegation letter and adjusted according to the level of competence of the nurse. The doctor as the delegator and the nurse as the recipient of medical authority there are also responsibilities of the hospital, as well as the central and local governments, especially in meeting the national needs for medical and healthcare personnel. In handling medical dispute cases, law enforcement agencies must prioritize the mechanism of restorative justice. If no agreement is reached, the dispute is then taken over by the professional disciplinary board under the Ministry of Health to determine whether there has been any violation of professional discipline by medical and healthcare personnel. Conclusions: 1) Delegation of authority for doctor’s medical actions to nurses in health services in emergency departments in Indonesia, regulated in Law No. 17 of 2023 concerning Health Article 290, Minister of Health Regulation No. 2052 of 2011 Article 23 and Minister of Health Decree No. HK.01.07-425 of 2020 concerning Nursing Professional Standards; 2) Responsibilities by doctors, nurses, and hospitals regarding the delegation of authority for doctors’ medical actions to nurses in health services in emergency departments must be carried out by laws.
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Ojak Haholongan Nadeak, Jasmen. « MECHANISMS AND LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF NURSES IN CARRYING OUT EMERGENCY MEASURES IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT ». International Journal of Advanced Research 12, no 01 (31 janvier 2024) : 792–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/18188.
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In carrying out their duties and authority in treating patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), a nurse is required to obtain a mandate from a doctor, which is a legal relationship that arises as a result of delegation of authority. This certainly has a clear mechanism because it will have legal consequences if errors or omissions occur in the delegation of authority. In fact, there are still cases that have fatal consequences for patients and those who are asked to be held accountable are nurses whose capacity is only as recipients of mandates. The method in this research is empirical juridical and normative juridical, based on field data and statutory regulations and related documents. The results of this research show that doctors who are unable to carry out medical procedures due to certain factors may ask the nurse for help to carry out medical procedures, provided that the doctor is obliged to provide a clear delegation of authority to the nurse in writing to carry out the medical procedure. Delegation of authority to carry out medical procedures from doctors to nurses as intended in Article 27 letter a Minister of Health Regulation Number 26 of 2019 concerning Explanation of Law No. 38 of 2014 concerning Nursing can take the form of delegation of delegated authority or mandate. Delegation of authority to carry out medical procedures must be done in writing to professional nurses or trained vocational nurses. Emergency actions carried out by nurses aim to save the patients life and prevent further disability. The delegation of authority is mandatorily given by doctors to nurses to carry out medical procedures under the supervision of the medical personnel who delegate authority. The form of accountability can be in the form of civil law, criminal law and administrative law, so that all three can provide their own sanctions for violations that occur due to losses, negligence or administrative errors.
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Muhammad, Naufal, Atip Latipulhayat et Garry Pratama. « Realignment of Flight Information Region Agreement Between Indonesia and Singapore 2022 : Unraveling Sovereignty and Ratification Issues for Indonesia ». PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) 11, no 1 (2024) : 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v11n1.a1.
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Flight Information Region (FIR) is an essential part of the aviation sector, providing air navigation and alerting services crucial for ensuring flight safety. States may delegate the management of FIR services to other nations for various reasons, primarily centered on aviation safety. However, such delegation requires careful consideration due to its potential impact on a state’s airspace sovereignty. This study focuses on the most recent FIR delegation involving the realignment of FIR over the Riau and Natuna Islands between Indonesia and Singapore in 2022. According to the signed agreement, Indonesia is obligated to delegate the management of specific areas of the Natuna FIR above its territory to Singapore. While this delegation poses potential challenges related to Indonesia's national security and economic interests, additional issues arise from the legal instrument chosen by the Indonesian government to ratify the agreement. The objective of this research is to analyze the sovereignty and ratification issues for Indonesia arising from the signing of the Indonesia-Singapore FIR Agreement 2022. The study utilizes normative legal analysis with a juridical approach. The findings indicate that the delegation of the Natuna FIR to Singapore has restricted Indonesia's right to exercise sovereignty over its airspace. Furthermore, the study concludes that Indonesia’s instrument of ratification for the Indonesia-Singapore FIR Agreement 2022 is inconsistent with Indonesian law and practice. This research contributes to understanding the legal implications of FIR management delegation, emphasizing the importance of aligning such agreements with domestic legal frameworks.
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Góralski, Wojciech. « Uzupełnienie braku upoważnienia do asystowania przy zawieraniu małżeństwa wyrazem ochrony dobra wspólnego ». Ius Matrimoniale 30, no 3 (15 juillet 2019) : 5–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/im.2019.30.3.01.
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Even though marriage arises from the consent of parties (can. 1057 § 1 of the Code of Canon Law), it is necessary to preserve the canonical form (ordinary or extraordinary) for the validity of this relationship.
Assuming that the form of marriage was established in order to eliminate secret marriages, canon 144 § 1 of the current Code of Canon Law states that in the event of factual or legal common error and in positive and probable doubt of law or of fact, the Church supplies executive power of governance for both the external and internal forum.
Canon 144 § of the same Code, on the other hand, declares that the same provision applies to the powers referred to, e.g. in canon 1111 § 1 of the Code of Canon Law. This canon regulates that a local ordinary can delegate (to priests and deacons) of assisting at celebrating marriages.
After discussing the role of a marriage witness and the character of his/her delegation as well as the development of legal form of supplying this delegation, the author takes up the issue of supplying this delegation in an event of common error or positive and probable doubt of law or fact in historical context, and then provides examples of supplying the delegation to assist in marriage in sentences of the Tribunal of the Roman Rota (from years 1992 -2006), including a precedent-setting sentence in the case of Stankiewicz of 15 December 1992.
In conclusion, attention was paid to the ratio legis of the legal norm on supplying the delegation, which is bonum commune.
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Febriadi, Herry. « Delegation Of Medical Tasks And Delivery Of Information By Doctors To Nurses Based On Law Number 38 Of 2014 Concerning Nursing ». Jurnal Penegakan Hukum Indonesia 3, no 2 (13 septembre 2022) : 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.51749/jphi.v3i2.75.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Delegation is the delegation of authority in the process of transferring duties and responsibilities given by doctors to nurses, program implementers, or services to carry out certain tasks within a certain time. Legal actions in the medical world are carried out with the delegation of authority and informed consent in the provision of health care. Health is a human right that is recognized and protected by the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Based on the results of the study, it is understood that the application of the law regarding the legal force of delegation of authority and informed consent must be carried out correctly following the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) that have been established. there are, in addition, medical and non-medical already know and understand the rules and consequences of the actions to be taken in connection with the delegation of authority and the provision of informed consent.
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МАРКОВА, Наталья Александровна, et Альбина Владимировна СОЛОДОВНИКОВА. « LEGAL DELEGATION : PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS OF IMPLEMENTATION AND WAYS OF OPTIMIZATION ». Вестник Московской академии Следственного комитета Российской Федерации, no 4(30) (15 décembre 2021) : 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54217/2588-0136.2021.30.4.004.
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Статья посвящена комплексному исследованию проблемных аспектов юридического делегирования и путей его совершенствования. Особое внимание в статье с учетом современных реалий и уровня общественного развития уделено вопросу формирования конкретных правовых оснований, регулирующих механизм осуществления юридического делегирования, как на правотворческом, так и на правореализационном уровне. В статье сформулированы предложения по правовой регламентации юридического делегирования, обусловленные необходимостью совершенствования правовой регламентации данной конструкции и определения доминирующих направлений интенсификации юридического делегирования как особой самостоятельно выраженной формы технико-юридической теории права. The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of problematic aspects of legal delegation and ways to improve it. Particular attention in the article, taking into account modern realities and the level of social development, is paid to the issue of the formation of specific legal foundations governing the mechanism for the implementation of legal delegation, both at the law-making and law-enforcement levels. The article formulates proposals for the legal regulation of legal delegation, due to the need to improve the legal regulation of this structure and determine the dominant directions of intensification of legal delegation as a special independently expressed form of technical and legal theory of law.
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Minsky, N. H., et E. Rozenshtein. « Controllable delegation : an exercise in law-governed systems ». ACM SIGPLAN Notices 24, no 10 (octobre 1989) : 371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/74878.74916.
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Ahmed, Farrah. « The Delegation Theory of Judicial Review ». Modern Law Review 84, no 4 (26 avril 2021) : 772–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2230.12632.
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Alstine, Michael P. Van. « The Judicial Power and Treaty Delegation ». California Law Review 90, no 4 (juillet 2002) : 1263. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3481329.
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Romanovskaya, O. V. « THe problem of delegation of state authority of the subjects of private law : current practice and doctrine ». Russian Journal of Legal Studies 2, no 1 (15 mars 2015) : 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rjls18003.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the article legal problems of delegation of separate state-imperious powers to the nonstate organizations are considered. The basic blanks are revealed, ways of their permission are offered. The general rules of delegation by which the legislature should be guided at acceptance of the corresponding legal certificate are presented.
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Zakharov, Timofey. « INHERENTLY PUBLIC FUNCTIONS IN INTERNATIONAL LAW ». Pravovedenie IAZH, no 3 (2022) : 166–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/rgpravo/2022.03.15.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The review presents the debatable positions of scientists on meaning of sovereignty and of inherently public legal capacity of state in international law. The review describes delegation of public rights of state to non-state entities and its limits. The author reveals theoretical problems of strengthening of states sovereignty.
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Basri, Abdul Rahman, Akbar Silo, Yosephina Ohoiwutun et Untung Muhdiarta. « Efektivitas Pelimpahan sebagian Kewenangan Bupati Kepada Kepala Distrik di Kabupaten Jayapura ». JURNAL EKOLOGI BIROKRASI 12, no 1 (17 juin 2024) : 38–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31957/jeb.v12i1.3917.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Since the implementation of Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government, Jayapura Regency has adopted a policy of delegating authority as an effort to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of government administration at the district level. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the delegation of authority from the Regent of Jayapura to the District Heads based on the Jayapura Regent Regulation Number 13 of 2019 on the Delegation of Partial Authority from the Regent to the District Heads to Perform Certain Local Government Affairs. This study uses a qualitative approach with data triangulation methods, including indepth interviews, observations, and document analysis. The results show that although there are some successes in the implementation of delegated authority, various obstacles remain, such as mismatches between the delegated authority and district capacities, lack of trained and competent human resources, and budget limitations. Additionally, the delegation process often lacks adequate accountability and transparency systems. The study also found that unclear policies and regulations, as well as complex bureaucratic processes, hinder the effectiveness of the delegated authority implementation. Some district heads feel that the delegated authority is insufficient to enable them to make quick and accurate decisions to serve local community interests. Recommendations from this study include improving human resource capacity at the district level, enhancing accountability and transparency systems, and simplifying bureaucratic processes to support the effectiveness of delegated authority. Thus, it is expected that the delegation of authority from the Regent of Jayapura to the District Heads can run more optimally and contribute positively to regional development and the improvement of public service quality
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Abbott, Kenneth W., Robert O. Keohane, Andrew Moravcsik, Anne-Marie Slaughter et Duncan Snidal. « The Concept of Legalization ». International Organization 54, no 3 (2000) : 401–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002081800551271.
Texte intégralRésumé :
We develop an empirically based conception of international legalization to show how law and politics are intertwined across a wide range of institutional forms and to frame the analytic and empirical articles that follow in this volume. International legalization is a form of institutionalization characterized by three dimensions: obligation, precision, and delegation. Obligation means that states are legally bound by rules or commitments and therefore subject to the general rules and procedures of international law. Precision means that the rules are definite, unambiguously defining the conduct they require, authorize, or proscribe. Delegation grants authority to third parties for the implementation of rules, including their interpretation and application, dispute settlement, and (possibly) further rule making. These dimensions are conceptually independent, and each is a matter of degree and gradation. Their various combinations produce a remarkable variety of international legalization. We illustrate a continuum ranging from “hard” legalization (characteristically associated with domestic legal systems) through various forms of “soft” legalization to situations where law is largely absent. Most international legalization lies between the extremes, where actors combine and invoke varying degrees of obligation, precision, and delegation to create subtle blends of politics and law.
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Bitgood, Michael P. « The Matryoshka Model : Understanding the Relationship Between Delegation Provisions and the Broader Arbitration Agreements That Contain Them ». Texas A&M Law Review 10, no 2 (février 2023) : 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/lr.v10.arg.2.
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This Note analyzes a 2021 decision in which a Ninth Circuit panel diverged from its sister circuits on whether an arbitrator may decide the enforceability of an arbitration agreement that excludes the application of federal law in the arbitration proceedings. In Brice v. Plain Green, LLC (Brice I), the Ninth Circuit panel considered several arbitration agreements that contained delegation provisions. A delegation provision is an additional agreement to arbitrate the validity, enforceability, or scope (collectively, “arbitrability issues”) of a broader arbitration agreement.
Analyzing the enforceability of the delegation provisions apart from that of the arbitration agreements, the panel compelled the plaintiffs to arbitrate their challenge to the enforceability of the arbitration agreements. In doing so, the panel examined the enforceability of the delegation provisions under the prospective-waiver doctrine, which prohibits an arbitration agreement from waiving a litigant’s right to pursue federal statutory remedies in arbitration. Finding that the delegation provisions did not themselves waive the plaintiffs’ right to pursue federal remedies, regardless of whether the arbitration agreements would have waived that right or not, the panel held that the delegation provisions were valid and enforceable. However, the Ninth Circuit vacated the opinion of the panel for a rehearing en banc. Shortly after, the parties reached a settlement agreement. Thus, the court dismissed the appeal as moot, leaving the panel’s decision vacated without adopting or rejecting its reasoning.
While Brice I currently stands vacated, future courts should readopt the panel’s approach if faced with a similar case. The Ninth Circuit panel correctly decided Brice I because its decision reflected a rigorously accurate application of Supreme Court precedent on the treatment of delegation provisions, properly fitting together the delegation provisions, arbitration agreements, and larger contracts in the case like matryoshka dolls (Russian nesting dolls). Likewise, the panel rightly declined to invalidate the delegation provisions in the case under the prospective-waiver doctrine. Regarding public policy, the panel’s decision placed delegation provisions on equal footing with other arbitration agreements and exercised appropriate restraint by refusing to extricate the plaintiffs from a disadvantageous agreement that they nevertheless agreed to.
This Note begins with a review of Brice I’s factual background and procedural posture, followed by a review of law relevant to the treatment of delegation provisions. Next, it offers an analogical defense of the Ninth Circuit panel’s approach in the face of contrary decisions by several of its sister circuits. Finally, this Note closes with an analysis of how the panel considered the specific delegation provisions in Brice I.
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Sanaki, Abdul Anwar, Djohermansyah Djohan et Sampara Lukman. « Revitalisasi Peran Perangkat Kewilayahan Melalui Pelimpahan Sebagian Kewenangan Bupati Fakfak Kepada Kepala Distrik Fakfak ». Jurnal Kajian Pemerintah : Journal of Government, Social and Politics 9, no 2 (30 octobre 2023) : 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/jkp.2023.vol9(2).14723.
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The authority given to several fields overlaps, for example authority has been given in accordance with Regent Regulation Number 33 of 2012 concerning the Delegation of Part of the Regent's Authority to District Heads in the Fakfak Regency Government Environment, but in practice this is not the case, the agencies at the Regency level are in charge of the field/sector In fact, they almost never coordinate with the District, so that the functions of the District according to Regent Regulation Number 33 of 2012 are not carried out properly. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach using theory from Iglesias (Kaho, 1997: 59) with primary and secondary data sources. Data collection techniques were carried out using interviews, observation and documentation, data analysis techniques used were data reduction and drawing conclusions. Based on the research results, it was concluded that the ideal revitalization of the role of regional apparatus through delegating the authority of the Regent of Fakfak to the Head of the Fakfak District must be followed by increasing financial capacity, apparatus capability, community participation and non-human resource capabilities. The implementation of the role of regional apparatus through the delegation of part of the authority of the Regent of Fakfak to the Head of the Fakfak District has not been optimal, where the delegation of authority for the fields of government, economic development, education and health and civil service has not been fully followed by giving full authority to the Head of the District, or it seems still half-hearted because The district head's space for movement is always monitored by the regent regarding the implementation of his authority. The process of delegating authority is still not able to run optimally because the district's resources are still limited so that service activities are not yet optimally felt by the community.
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Kirin, A. A. « Delegation" as a category and institution of constitutional law ». Право и государство : теория и практика, no 5 (2021) : 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47643/1815-1337_2021_5_10.
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Wallerstein, Shlomit. « Delegation of Powers and Authority in International Criminal Law ». Criminal Law and Philosophy 9, no 1 (27 février 2013) : 123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11572-013-9203-3.
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Souissi, Yasmine, Bassem Salhi et Anis Jarboui. « The CEO’s emotional bias and the delegation of decision-making rights ». International Journal of Law and Management 62, no 5 (5 juin 2020) : 427–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-04-2018-0065.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to document the relation between the bank’s regional CEO’s emotional bias (optimism and loss aversion) and the delegation of decision rights to the account manager. Design/methodology/approach The partial least squares (PLS) method is applied to investigate the degree to which bank’s regional CEO delegate decisions and the circumstances that drive variation in delegation. Findings The results show that delegation does not appear to be monolithic; instead, the results show that delegation varies with the personal characteristics of the bank’s regional CEO. Practical implications Banks are invited to take into account the effect of the emotional biases of the directors on the delegation of its power. Originality/value The authors put forward an original effort that is intended to discuss in particular the effect of psychological biases on the decentralization of the decision-making rights.
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Abbott, Kenneth W., et Duncan Snidal. « Hard and Soft Law in International Governance ». International Organization 54, no 3 (2000) : 421–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002081800551280.
Texte intégralRésumé :
We examine why international actors—including states, firms, and activists—seek different types of legalized arrangements to solve political and substantive problems. We show how particular forms of legalization provide superior institutional solutions in different circumstances. We begin by examining the baseline advantages of “hard” legalization (that is, precise, legally binding obligations with appropriate third-party delegation). We emphasize, however, that actors often prefer softer forms of legalization (that is, various combinations of reduced precision, less stringent obligation, and weaker delegation). Soft legalization has a number of significant advantages, including that it is easier to achieve, provides strategies for dealing with uncertainty, infringes less on sovereignty, and facilitates compromise among differentiated actors.Although our approach is largely interest-based, we explicitly incorporate the normative elements that are central in law and in recent international relations theorizing. We also consider the important role of nonstate actors who, along with states, are central participants in contemporary international legalization. We illustrate the advantages of various forms of international legal arrangements with examples drawn from articles in this special issue and elsewhere.
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Pattypeilohy, Aning, Sutarno Sutarno et Adriano Adriano. « KEKUATAN HUKUM PELIMPAHAN WEWENANG DARI DOKTER KEPADA NERS DITINJAU DARI ASPEK PIDANA DAN PERDATA ». Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum LEGALITY 25, no 2 (14 juillet 2018) : 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jihl.v25i2.6000.
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This study aims to provide an overview of the power of law in the delegation of authority from the doctor to ners both in writing and not written. In performing health services, especially in performing medical acts, it is necessary to transfer the authority of medical personnel to health personnel in order to create a comprehensive and quality health service, this has been regulated in related legislation. Ners is a profession professional and independent, in carrying out its professional duties ners work in accordance with service standards, standard operating procedures and the provisions of the Act-legislation. As a health worker, the ners may receive a delegation of authority only in writing from the doctor to him or her so that the delegate has the force of law. With the delegation of authority in health services, if there is a loss or legal problems in the future, doctors as authors and recipients of authority can be held accountable both criminal and civil.
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Dika, Mihajlo. « Određivanje mjesne nadležnosti od strane viših sudova u parničnom postupku u pojedinim predmetima ». Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci 39, no 1 (2018) : 1–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30925/zpfsr.39.1.1.
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The paper analyses three legal terms which regulate the determination of jurisdiction by a higher court in civil proceedings: necessary delegation of jurisdiction, purposeful delegation of jurisdiction and ordination of jurisdiction. An attempt is made to determine the meaning of these terms as well as their prerequisites and their legal effects. The paper also points to the potential functional interference between these concepts and thus suggests that there is a need to delimit the scope of their application. Special emphasis is also given to the influence of relatively new changes in the field of organisation and jurisdiction of courts upon the practical application of those concepts.
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Rehman, Saeed-ur, Hafiz Muhammad Sani et Mubas Hirah. « U-3 Academic and research-based review of the Concept of Agency in the light of Islamic jurisprudence ». Al-Aijaz Research Journal of Islamic Studies & ; Humanities 4, no 2 (6 décembre 2020) : 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.53575/u3.v4.02(20).49-62.
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Human being is prone to error. A man comes to face different situations and issues in his life that he never faced earlier, so is unaware of their consequences. That's why tackling the new situations and dealing with issues, that were earlier never faced is a big challenge in everyone's life which throws one into a dilemma and confusion. In such circumstances Islamic religious law (Sharia) guides us towards utilizing our intellect and wisdom to solve the problem and delegating our job to Allah, catching hold of the strongest ring of his trust and reliance, this is what you name "Agency or Delegation" (Wakalah).
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Medzmariashvili, Megi. « Delegation of Rulemaking Power to European Standards Organizations : Reconsidered ». Legal Issues of Economic Integration 44, Issue 4 (1 novembre 2017) : 353–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/leie2017019.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The concerns about the legality of delegation of rule-making power to standards bodies have long been raised in academic circles. The common ground of criticism is based on the Meroni doctrine, and the view that co-regulation via standardization falls short of Meroni requirements, particularly, is not restrained with administrative and judicial control. The present submission reconsiders the delegation debate in light of the recent developments at the legislative level, i.e. adoption of Regulation 1025/2012, and in case law, namely the ESMA and James Elliott cases. It argues that the current changes leave room for viewing delegation to European standards bodies as lawful if constrained by a judicial review. In turn, the James Elliott case creates an opportunity to establish the CJEU’s jurisdiction over harmonized European standards and to ensure legal accountability.
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Roisah, Kholis. « Understanding Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Agreement : From Hard and Soft Law Perspective ». Hasanuddin Law Review 3, no 3 (26 décembre 2017) : 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v3i3.1153.
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Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) Agree-ment interesting to be understood in the perspective of hard law and soft law. TRIPs Agreement justified as hard or soft law by identifying the norms in the TRIPs agreement. Parameter obligation of TRIPs agreement visible implementation and enforcement of agreement norm with full compliance to fourth of the IPR Convention for the State parties is an indicator of unconditional obligation. Parameters precision TRIPS agreement showed formulation of general obligation setting up the implementation of treaty obligations is regulated in detail and the use of ”shall” term in any norm, describe the imperative norm character and shown indicator as substantial limited of interpretation with the parties might not interpreted. Parameter delegation looked explicitly provision of implementation and enforcement agreement that put an obligation on national authorities of state parties through domestic law and its courts. Parameter obligation, precision as well as delegation showed as high indicator that the TRIPs agreement characterized as hard law.
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Goodwin, Edward J. « State Delegations and the Influence of COP Decisions ». Journal of Environmental Law 31, no 2 (1 avril 2019) : 235–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jel/eqz007.
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Abstract This article concerns the likelihood that decisions adopted at conferences of the parties (COPs) to multilateral environmental agreements will influence the behaviour of States Parties. Relying upon a theory emphasising the importance of rational persuasion of decisions and the legitimacy of decision-making processes, this article explains how choices concerning the preparation of delegates and then participation of delegations at plenary meetings of the parties to environmental treaties might enhance the likelihood of those decisions having a positive effect upon the actions of States Parties. This is done using a case study of the UK delegation to a meeting of the parties to the 1971 Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance. That case study also provides examples of potentially positive modalities adopted by the UK, while also revealing suspected concerns for the future surrounding retention of experienced delegates and the impact of Brexit.
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Sciberras, Paul. « Jethro and Moses in Dialogue (Exodus 18 : 8–26) : Ethics of Communitarian Responsibility ». Religions 14, no 5 (29 avril 2023) : 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14050587.
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Jethro’s dialogue with his son-in-law, Moses, in the Book of Exodus 18: 8–26 can be summarised according to the four-fold elements of subsidiarity, communitarian responsibility, delegation, and synodality, which lead to focus in life. The Elder priest of Midian, in north-western Arabia, advises his son-in-law to practise subsidiarity and communitarian ethical responsibility by undertaking the fundamental task of teaching the precepts, statutes, and instructions that would form the backbone of the twelve-tribe nation of Israel. Subsidiarity and delegation were to be exercised by different levels of leadership, together with Moses himself, in the choice of the exemplary leaders who would both teach Israel and judge minor issues among its people. Finally, synodality is advised by Jethro so that the People of Israel and their leaders can reach their ultimate aim in the Promised Land in peace. Subsidiarity, communitarian responsibility, delegation and synodality would bring Israel as a nation gathered around their one God, YHWH, according to the aim for which they were called from slavery in Egypt to freedom in Canaan.