Thèses sur le sujet « Decision effectiveness »
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1
Filippi, Viviane. « Decision-making between rationality and intuition : effectiveness conditions and solutions to enhance decision efficacy ». Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/203848.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Decision-making, one process, many theories: a multidisciplinary literature review. How individual and environmental factors interact and influence the effectiveness of strategic decisions through rational and intuitive dynamics. Mentoring and the promotion of self-confidence in decision-making: the role of cognitive awareness and expertise building through the lenses of rationality and intuition.
2
Hard, Nancy J. (Nancy Jean). « Empirical Research of Decision-making Effectiveness When Using Differing Presentation Formats Under Varying Decision Tasks ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279040/.
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The purpose of this research was to determine if presentation format, given a particular task to be performed, would affect the decision-making process of financial decision makers. The problem motivating this study is the potential for managers to make inefficient decisions when they use reports which are presented inappropriately for a given task.
3
Briggs, Andrew H. « Uncertainty in the cost-effectiveness of health care interventions ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299755.
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Vazquez, Rita Esther Zapata. « Bayesian cost-effectiveness analysis based on a decision analytic model ». Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522516.
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Shirindza, Mxolisi. « Understanding factors that enable and inhibit strategic decision making effectiveness ». Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/52317.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The literature review has revealed that strategic decisions are complex, ill-structured and require much of organizational resources. Organizations are dependent on strategic decisions for sustained performance or even survival. Strategic decision-making is important in an organization as it is the process used to implement the strategic intent of the firm. Literature has also revealed that managers fail to process optimally, information for effective strategic decision-making due to their cognitive limits. This study set out to explore and understand the enablers and inhibitors of strategic decision-making effectiveness.
The study was conducted using an exploratory qualitative method, which consisted of in-depth semi-structured interviews. A total of 14 executives and managers were interviewed from coal mining organizations operating in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa. Interviews were recorded then transcribed into text. Directed content and frequency analysis were used to analyze the data and extract common themes. ATLAS.ti was used for the coding process during data analysis.
The findings of this study were the enablers and inhibitors of strategic decision-making effectiveness being discussed in detail. An empirically based framework was developed using the findings on ensuring strategic decision-making effectiveness. The factors used for the framework are : having support from the superiors, have a competent team in strategic decision-making, considering the external business environment, considering and involving stakeholders, ensure the quality of data and continuously review strategic decision-making process.Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
sn2016
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
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Ligabue, Veronica <1986>. « Cost-Effectiveness of Alternative Retrofit Options to Support Decision Making ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7175/1/Ligabue_Veronica_tesi.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
How to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of repair/retrofit intervention vs. demolition/replacement and what level of shaking intensity can the chosen repairing/retrofit technique sustain are open questions affecting either the pre-earthquake prevention, the post-earthquake emergency and the reconstruction phases. The (mis)conception that the cost of retrofit interventions would increase linearly with the achieved seismic performance (%NBS) often discourages stakeholders to consider repair/retrofit options in a post-earthquake damage situation. Similarly, in a pre-earthquake phase, the minimum (by-law) level of %NBS might be targeted, leading in some cases to no-action. Furthermore, the performance measure enforcing owners to take action, the %NBS, is generally evaluated deterministically. Not directly reflecting epistemic and aleatory uncertainties, the assessment can result in misleading confidence on the expected performance.
The present study aims at contributing to the delicate decision-making process of repair/retrofit vs. demolition/replacement, by developing a framework to assist stakeholders with the evaluation of the effects in terms of long-term losses and benefits of an increment in their initial investment (targeted retrofit level) and highlighting the uncertainties hidden behind a deterministic approach. For a pre-1970 case study building, different retrofit solutions are considered, targeting different levels of %NBS, and the actual probability of reaching Collapse when considering a suite of ground-motions is evaluated, providing a correlation between %NBS and Risk. Both a simplified and a probabilistic loss modelling are then undertaken to study the relationship between %NBS and expected direct and indirect losses.
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Ligabue, Veronica <1986>. « Cost-Effectiveness of Alternative Retrofit Options to Support Decision Making ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7175/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
How to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of repair/retrofit intervention vs. demolition/replacement and what level of shaking intensity can the chosen repairing/retrofit technique sustain are open questions affecting either the pre-earthquake prevention, the post-earthquake emergency and the reconstruction phases. The (mis)conception that the cost of retrofit interventions would increase linearly with the achieved seismic performance (%NBS) often discourages stakeholders to consider repair/retrofit options in a post-earthquake damage situation. Similarly, in a pre-earthquake phase, the minimum (by-law) level of %NBS might be targeted, leading in some cases to no-action. Furthermore, the performance measure enforcing owners to take action, the %NBS, is generally evaluated deterministically. Not directly reflecting epistemic and aleatory uncertainties, the assessment can result in misleading confidence on the expected performance.
The present study aims at contributing to the delicate decision-making process of repair/retrofit vs. demolition/replacement, by developing a framework to assist stakeholders with the evaluation of the effects in terms of long-term losses and benefits of an increment in their initial investment (targeted retrofit level) and highlighting the uncertainties hidden behind a deterministic approach. For a pre-1970 case study building, different retrofit solutions are considered, targeting different levels of %NBS, and the actual probability of reaching Collapse when considering a suite of ground-motions is evaluated, providing a correlation between %NBS and Risk. Both a simplified and a probabilistic loss modelling are then undertaken to study the relationship between %NBS and expected direct and indirect losses.
8
Chun, Ki-Jeong. « The effectiveness of a facilitated group decision support system (decision conferencing) : a UK/US field study ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1992. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1356/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The increasingly complex and turbulent business environments of these days frequently require greater specialised knowledge pertaining to the issues, which are usually beyond that of any individual. Therefore, group meetings are becoming more complex, more frequent, and more important. As part of the transition into this new environment together with recent advancements in computers, telecommunications and management science techniques, organisational researchers have made serious efforts to use advanced technologies to improve group meetings. An example of such attempts is the development of a Group Decision Support System (GDSS), an application of information technology to support the work of groups. One common example of GDSSs is the Decision Conferencing (DC), which combines the use of decision analytic softwares to incorporate the differing perspectives of the participants with group facilitation techniques. This thesis systematically reviews the existing case, field, and laboratory decision room type GDSS studies. It, then, explores the plausible factors for the inconsistent findings across studies. Main objective of the thesis, however, is to investigate the effectiveness of a DC in aiding group work with regard to decision processes, overall user attitudes, and decision quality, and to identify variables associated with differences in perceived effectiveness. Three theories were employed to build a conceptual framework with criteria by which to describe and evaluate the effectiveness of decision making in GDSS settings: Competing Values Approach, Stratified Systems Theory, and Human Information Processing Model. It was shown that these three approaches share common theoretical assumptions. Then, quantitative data were collected through a mailed questionnaire of participants in 22 conferences, hosted by the Decision Conferences Inc. in the U.S.A., Decision Analysis Unit at London School of Economics, and International Computers Ltd. in the U.K. Overall, a DC was perceived better than a conventional meeting for all of the evaluation criteria. The effectiveness of a DC, however, was perceived differently according to various factors: participants' levels in the executive hierarchy, differences in the culture and style of the organisation, task differences in terms of the degree of threat, group size, variety of facilitators, and careers of the participants. Of greater interest is the finding that independent of the numerous variables above, a DC was perceived highly effective in terms of user attitudes, improved decision quality, adaptable process, goal-centred process, and efficiency of decision; and relatively less effective with regard to implementation, and accountability of decision.
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Sanders, Joseph F. « Analytic study of criteria to maximize the effectiveness and quality of decision making ». Lynchburg, Va. : Liberty University, 2002. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.
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Yu, Fahong. « A cost benefit evaluation server for supporting general decision-making ». [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2001. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0000367.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Florida, 2001.Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 60 p.; also contains graphics. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Seletos, Troy Mario. « An Analysis of the Effectiveness of a Multi-Disciplinary Decision Support System on System-Level Decision Making ». BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5844.
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Decisions Support Systems (DSSs) are used to enhance decision maker speed and effectiveness. However, without a view of an entire system, any decision may have unanticipated effects such as sub-optimal outcomes. The purpose of this research is to show that with a system-level analysis, more informed decisions can be made that take into account a larger system or greater number of dimensions or objectives. This research also explores the benefits of using a DSS over analysis of unprocessed data and the effectiveness of integrating a product design generator (PDG) with a business DSS, creating a system DSS, where system-level effects can be analyzed. These are connected using software which allows them to be interactive, and dynamically updating. After this DSS was developed a variation was also made and decision makers evaluated these tools to identify how they performed in comparison to each other. In one variation, aspects of the tool were split up, guiding the decision maker through the analysis while the other did not. Using survey questions and recording decision makers' actions, it was found that decision makers are significantly faster and came to better conclusions when using the DSS over unprocessed data. However, it was also seen that the difference between the two variants of the System DSS tests was insignificant. This suggests that the limits in potential interactions in the one variant of a system DSS did not substantially reduce the ability of a decision maker to explore and make good design decisions. Overall this research showed that having a system-level tool is better than the unprocessed data, and that more extreme differences in a DSS are required for improved comparisons to establish which visualizations and elements are most effective in a System DSS. Future effort should be made to completely isolate different portions of the System DSS and see how well users are able to make decisions with it compared to the full system analysis.
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Forsblad, Sandra. « The cost-effectiveness of low dose mammography - A decision-analytic approach ». Thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-54843.
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With 7 000 new cases in Sweden each year, breast cancer represents 30 percent of all female malignancies and is therefore the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women. There are limitations as to what can be done to prevent the disease but with the use of mammography screening the chances of finding and treating the disease at an early stage are increasing. Unfortunately, mammography screening is associated with radiation, which is an established risk factor for developing breast cancer. However, the newest screening technologies come with a reduced dose which decreases the risk of developing breast cancer due to the radiation.
The effects of this lower dose compared to that of traditional technologies have not yet been studied and the purpose of this paper is therefore to assess the cost-effectiveness of the use of this new technology, with a focus on the number of radiation-induced cancers. A cost-utility analysis was performed where three different mammography technologies (one analogue and two digital) were compared. The total costs and QALYs of breast cancer generated by the use of these three technologies were calculated with the use of a Markov decision-analytic model, where a cohort of hypothetical 40 year-old women was followed throughout life.
The results of the analysis showed that with the new digital technology (the PC-DR), one in 14 100 screened women develops breast cancer due to radiation while with the traditional mammography systems (SFM and the CR) this number is one in 3 500 and 4 300 screened women, respectively. Consequently, the number of induced cancers is decreased with up to 75 percent with the use of the PC-DR. Assuming that only the radiation dose differs between the three units, the analysis resulted in an incremental effect of 0.000269 QALYs over a life-time for the PC-DR when compared to SFM(0.000210 QALYs compared to the CR). The PC-DR was also associated with a 33 SEK (26 SEK) lower cost. Thus, if the only difference can be found in radiation dose, the PC-DR is the dominating technology to use since it is both more effective and costs less. However, it is possible that the PC-DR is more expensive per screening occasion than the other technologies and if so, the PC-DR would no longer be less costly. The study found that the scope for the possibility of excessive pricing is very small and under these circumstances, the willingness to pay for a QALY has to be considered when deciding what technology to invest in.
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Van, Eck Danéel. « The impact of complexity on the effectiveness of intuition in decision ». Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/67296.
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This research investigated the impact of complexity on the effectiveness of intuition in decision making. Empirical experimental research was conducted to examine the relationship between the use of intuition and decision accuracy, and how this relationship could be moderated by individual differences such as faith in intuition and cognitive reflection. Software purchase decisions were used as the context for the study because of the inherent complexity of the decision and anecdotal evidence that rational techniques are not always used. Dual-process theory was used as the theoretical lens for the research, which was conducted using an experimental manipulation of the use of intuition. The research made an original contribution by investigating complexity as a moderator, by examining the role of individual differences as other researchers have proposed, and by utilising bias measures as a proxy for decision accuracy in order to avoid the normatively correct choice measures that have been highlighted for their limitations. The results showed that intuitive decisions were less accurate in the software selection context, and that complexity does moderate this effect on decision accuracy, with intuition showing lower accuracy in simple decisions, but similar results in complex decisions. Faith in intuition and cognitive reflection did not show interaction effects, but there was a significant direct positive relationship between cognitive reflection and decision accuracy. The practical implications of this research include prescriptions for the conditions under which intuitive decisions can be appropriate.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2018.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
PhD
Restricted
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Bailey, Bernard C. « Decision Making in the Corporate Boardroom : Designing the Conditions for Effectiveness ». Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1333570218.
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Rolle, Bridgette Deanne. « Educational administration organizations : A decision base for effective selection ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186165.
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This dissertation explores and examines various foundations for thinking about organizational systems, i.e., organizational epistemics. There are several ways to examine "systems" and several levels at which criteria apply to systems. First, the study establishes the minimum demands on "systems" and formulates what is essentially a system for systems or an organizational system for selecting organizations' designs. By adopting a generic model, one that stipulates minimum requirements for assessing organizational designs, each administrative organization is evaluated in terms of the theoretical justification used to ensure an effective and efficient organizational structure. The future effectiveness of organizational designs is contingent on changes in society, in education, and in the private sector, e.g., responses to social, economic, and cultural exigencies. This dissertation explores possibilities for the future as organizations respond to new and unusual variables. The format suggested in this study may well provide a glimpse of what the future holds for organizational designs in the world of tomorrow.
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Brown, Cynthia Chalese. « A methodology for the evaluation of training effectiveness during early phase defense acquisition ». Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52203.
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Today's economic environment requires for a greater emphasis to be placed on the development of cost-effective solutions to meet military capability based requirements. The Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System (JCIDS) process is designed to identify materiel and non-materiel solutions to fill defense department capability requirements and gaps. Non-materiel solutions include: Doctrine, Organization, Training, Materiel, Leadership and Education, Personnel, Facilities, and Policy (DOTMLPF-P) changes. JCIDS specifies that all non-materiel solutions be analyzed and recommendations be made accordingly following a capability-based assessment (CBA). Guidance for performing CBA analysis provides minimal information on how to predict training effectiveness and as a result training investments are not properly assessed and considered as a viable alternative. Investigations into the ability to predict versus evaluate training performance and to quantify uncertainty in training system design are two identified gaps in the capability of existing training evaluation methods. To address these issues, a Methodology to Predict and Evaluate the Effectiveness of Training (MPEET) has been developed. To address the gap in predictive capability MPEET uses primary elements of learning theory and instructional design to predict the cost-effectiveness of a training program, and recommends training alternatives based on decision-maker preferences for each of the cost and effectiveness criteria. The use of educational and instructional theory involves developing and ensuring human performance requirements will be met after training. Utility theory is used to derive an overall criterion consisting of both cost and effectiveness attributes. MPEET uses this criterion as a key variable in determining how to properly allocate resources to gain maximum training effectiveness. To address the gap in quantifying uncertainty in training performance, probability theory is used within a modeling and simulation environment to create and evaluate previously deterministic variables. Effectiveness and cost variables are assigned probability distributions that reflect the applicable range of uncertainty. MPEET is a systems engineering based decision-making tool. It enhances the instructional design process, which is rooted in the fields of education and psychology, by adding an objective verification step to determine how well instructional strategies are used in the design of a training program to meet the required learning objectives.
A C-130J pilot case study is used to demonstrate the application of MPEET and to show the plausibility of the approach. For the case study, metrics are derived to quantify the requirement for knowledge, skills, and attitudes in the C-130J pilot training system design. Instructional strategies were defined specifically for the C-130J training program. Feasible training alternatives were generated and evaluated for cost and effectiveness. Using information collected from decision-maker preferences for cost and effectiveness variables, a new training program is created and comparisons are made to the original. The case study allows tradeoffs to be performed quantitatively between the variable importance weightings and mean value of the probabilistic variables.
Overall, it is demonstrated that MPEET provides the capability to assess the cost and effectiveness of training system design and is an enabler to the inclusion of training as an independent non-materiel alternative solution during the CBA process. Although capability gaps in the defense acquisition process motivated the development of MPEET its applicability extends to any training program following the instructional design process where the assumed constraints are not prohibitive.
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Wong, Oi-ling Irene. « Understanding and evaluating population preventive strategies for breast cancer using statistical and decision analytic models ». Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B4284163X.
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Al-Sufayyan, Abdulaziz. « Strategic decision-making effectiveness : a study of the Saudi Arabian security sector ». Thesis, University of Leeds, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443680.
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Bonk, Laura M. (Laura Maria). « Toward improving the effectiveness of public involvement programs in environmental decision making ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39085.
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Gardner, Samuel John. « An evaluation of the effectiveness of stakeholder dialogue in environmental decision-making ». Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444710/.
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Stakeholder participation is recognised as an important component of sustainable environmental decision-making. This understanding is supported by an 'idealised narrative' of benefits and predictions that describes stakeholder participation as delivering both transformative and substantive products. However, the relationship between the participatory process and products is poorly understood and has rarely been examined. As a result, the momentum behind the current rise in use of stakeholder participation methods is fuelled by a number of insufficiently tested normative statements. This thesis addresses this situation by exploring the effectiveness of stakeholder participation. The academic context to this evaluation reviews the arguments for participation in public policy found within the political science, natural resource management, and planning literatures. In particular, it draws on the theory of collaborative planning and the recent emergence of a parallel critical debate that identifies the challenges to effective stakeholder participation. Framed by this context, the empirical focus of this study is based on a particular participatory process called Stakeholder Dialogue. In order to establish a measure of effectiveness that goes beyond describing results and identifies potential explanations for the products of Stakeholder Dialogue the thesis develops an original evaluation strategy based around a retrospective case study methodology. The evaluation uncovers a complex picture of relationships which challenges the notion that alongside the successful production of a substantive product, an inclusive, transparent and deliberative process will also deliver a broad set of transformative benefits. At the heart of this complexity lies the interface between the multifaceted and pervasive influence of context, in particular its influence on the expectations and interests of stakeholders, and the notions of deliberation and inclusion that define participatory practice. Failure to address this complexity is compounded by the instrumental purpose behind environmental policy together these themes frustrate the delivery of comparable benefits to all participants.
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Ramamoorti, Sridhar. « Decision framing and efficiency/effectiveness trade-offs in auditors' planning materiality judgments / ». The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487928649986908.
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Cannon, Stephen J. « Analysis of the relationship between partially dynamic Bayesian network architecture and inference algorithm effectiveness ». Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3181.
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Thesis (M.S.)--George Mason University, 2007.Vita: p. 192. Thesis director: Kathryn Blackmond Laskey. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Systems Engineering. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Aug. 13, 2008). Additional zip folders contain software, thesis defense powerpoint and analysis documents. Includes bibliographical references (p. 190-191). Also issued in print.
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Kehl, Dieter. « Decision-making and social media : the integration of social media technologies into collective judgment and decision-making processes in organizational business environments ». Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2017. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/5987/.
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Organizations are continuously confronted with decision-making in their daily business practice. Information technology plays a key role, supporting and automating decision-making processes, enabling the flow and distribution of information and knowledge and enhancing collaboration and exchange across the entire organization. Both, decision-making and information technology combine social and technological aspects of collaboration and collective action within a socio-economic system. Social media technologies such as corporate social networks, collaborative projects, instant messengers, content sharing platforms, blogs, micro-blogs, rating and voting systems, influence how human beings collaborate, build communities, exchange information, and jointly create content. This thesis combines aspects of social and behavioural science, collective decision-making and information technology into a qualitative research project. The main objective of this thesis was to explore and to gain a deep understanding of the implications of the integration of social media technologies to enhance collective judgement and the complex decision-making processes within corporate and less formal contexts. Therefore, this research identified real, potential and perceived benefits, disadvantages and barriers of social media integration in collective decision-making processes. The outcome focusses on evidence to establish whether social media technologies are capable of advancing the collective decision-making process. This study applied an exploratory qualitative research approach, which incorporated semi-structured interviews, multiple case studies and documentary data. Three case studies built the foundation of the field research conducted over a period of nine months, resulting in thirty semi-structured interviews. For each investigated site, ten individuals from various departments and different roles participated in thirty to forty minutes, semi-structured interviews recorded at their premises. Documents shared by the interviewees such as internal presentations, videos, meeting minutes and communication notes added to the overall data set. The key findings can be divided into three focus areas, (a) social media within a business environment and organizational readiness, (b) social media and collective action in business such as mass collaboration and problem solving and (c) social media integrated in collective decision-making derived from the benefits, disadvantages and barriers identified. Real benefits surfaced in the area of communication, interaction, involvement, reproducibility, aggregation and the independence of physical presence. From a communication perspective, the decision-making process benefits from utilizing different channels to convey and present information. These communication channels facilitate synchronous and asynchronous interaction, engaging different parties such as stakeholders, committees, experts, management and other participants in the process. Since the information created is continuously captured and stored, social media adds the benefit of reproducibility to the collective decision-making process. Rating and voting functions aggregate thoughts, opinions, and monitor, at an early stage of the process, tendencies and reflective developments in the group. Finally, rating and voting mechanisms build a collective choice acknowledged by a majority of a business collective. Social media relieves the requirement of physical presence in a collective decision-making process utilizing the corporate Intranet and the Internet. This adds flexibility to the selection of the participants and provides a basis of employee engagement from small to large-scale endeavours. Potential benefits relate to some extent to the explored real benefits. They focus on motivation of social interaction and collaboration, building relationships, enhancing the flow of information and fostering a reflective culture capable of collectively solving problems. From an organizational behaviour perspective, these benefits are capable of stimulating employees to engage in organizational topics, and utilizing organizational intelligence by sharing knowledge and experience to support collective decision-making. Perceived benefits include enhanced communication, interaction, involvement, and acceptance, variety of opinions, engaging employees in collective actions and integrating experts. Perceived disadvantages concentrated around social interaction. They manifested as distraction, losing focus on objectives, biased information, and loss of control, opinion manipulation, information overload and a less formal nature of the process. Barriers were identified in the area of abuse of personal information, additional workload in the daily business, unclear benefits, refusal to share knowledge, lack of trust about the information created and presented, manipulation of opinions, and continuous availability. The results of the thesis provided the evidence that utilization and integration of social media in the collective decision-making process depend on organizational readiness, which relates to the context. Social media application differs from the application in the Internet since social conformity, cohesion and internal competition influence participation and outcome. This means, the ability to integrate employees in collective action and the utilization of social media requires, besides acceptance of the new technology, a culture of openness, and willingness to share, engage and contribute. Therefore, this research suggests, from a managerial perspective, focussing on collective action capabilities, utilizing social media as an enabler to connect employees, to stimulate interaction, participation, and capture and support the information flow during a decision-making process. Recommendations for future research suggest analysing organizations in longitudinal studies to explore how they gain advantage of collective action concerning aggregation of knowledge using social media as a platform.
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Stiso, Michael E. « The role of transfer-appropriate processing in the effectiveness of decision-support graphics ». Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1249.
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The current project is an examination of the effectiveness of decision-support graphics in a simulated real-world task, and of the role those graphics should play in training. It is also an attempt to apply a theoretical account of memory performance-transfer-appropriate processing-to naturalistic decision making. The task in question is a low-fidelity air traffic control simulation. In some conditions, that task includes decision-support graphics designed to explicitly represent elements of the task that normally must be mentally represented-namely, trajectory and relative altitude. The assumption is that those graphics will encourage a type of processing different from that used in their absence. If so, then according to the theory of transfer-appropriate processing (TAP), the best performance should occur in conditions in which the graphics are present either during both training and testing, or else not at all. For other conditions, the inconsistent presence or absence of the graphics should lead to mismatches in the type of processing used during training and testing, thus hurting performance. A sample of 205 undergraduate students were randomly assigned to four experimental and two control groups. The results showed that the support graphics provided immediate performance benefits, regardless of their presence during training. However, presenting them during training had an apparent overshadowing effect, in that removing them during testing significantly hurt performance. Finally, although no support was found for TAP, some support was found for the similar but more general theory of identical elements.
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Batchelder, Jennifer R. « Effectiveness of a decision making unit agriculture education at the high school level / ». Access citation, abstract and download form ; downloadable file 13.11 Mb, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3131656.
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Marley, Robert N. « An Empirical Investigation of Decision Aids to Improve Auditor Effectiveness in Analytical Review ». Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3232.
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There is considerable evidence in the audit literature that even though auditors usually identify the relevant information needed to propose and select the correct cause of an unexpected fluctuation, they frequently do not propose the correct cause, and even when they do propose the correct cause, they often fail to select it. I suggest that working memory limitations might be a factor contributing to this analytical review paradox. Consequently, this study investigates whether two new decision aids, designed from Cognitive Load Theory, reduce auditors' cognitive load during analytical review, freeing cognitive resources for problem solving, and ultimately leading to improved auditor analytical review effectiveness. My first decision aid, an activity relationship diagram (ARD), gives the auditor a graphical depiction of common accounting relationships. My second decision aid, a pattern-consideration aid (PCA), automatically recalls and textually displays the auditor-identified relevant information cues. In an experimental setting, I find that auditors who rely on either decision aid significantly improve their analytical review effectiveness compared to auditors who conduct analytical review unaided. However, contrary to my predictions, auditors who rely on both decision aids do not outperform auditors who rely on only one decision aid. Although I find empirical evidence that cognitive load is negatively related to analytical review effectiveness, I do not find evidence that my decision aids reduce cognitive load.
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Harrison, Donald Lee 1956. « Modeling the cost-effectiveness of a regional poison control center using decision analysis ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282117.
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Using decision analysis techniques, the cost-effectiveness of two alternatives for treating human poison exposures were modeled. The alternatives were the treatment of poisonings with the services of a regional poison control center versus without access to any poison control center. The relative cost-effectiveness was modeled based on two outcomes (morbidity and mortality) for each of four typical poison exposures: acetaminophen overdose, tricyclic antidepressant overdose, cleaning substance exposure in children, and cough/cold preparation overdose in children. Additionally, analyses were conducted to test the sensitivity of the cost-effectiveness ratio to outcome probability, average inpatient and emergency room charges, and proportion of poison exposures managed on site by the regional poison control center. This research was conducted from society's point of view.
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Ritchie-Dunham, James Loomis. « Balanced scorecards, mental models, and organizational performance : a simulation experiment / ». Thesis, Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3082891.
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Ftes, Nagah Abdulaziz M. « The process of strategic decision-making in Libyan commercial banks ». Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2013. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/2789/.
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The thesis describes an exploration and analysis of the nature of strategic decision-making processes (SDMP) in Libyan Commercial Banks. The role of 'rationality‘, 'intuition‘ and 'political behaviour‘ in five strategic decisions of very high importance were explored in this study, by conducting sixteen face-to-face interviews with senior decision-makers, all closely involved with the decisions, from three commercial banks. Other observations of SDM behaviour and documentary information were also recorded. Field work enabled analysis and interpretation of the perceived influence of `decision importance` on the process, as well as an exploration of the three key influencing factors on the SDMP. Consistent findings for the nature of the process were found for all five decisions. Rationality was a key factor of the process. Considerable efforts were made by key staff to gather and analyse information, discuss issues, as well as engage consultants and seek advice from Commercial Banks outside Libya. This finding appeared to reflect the high importance of the decisions coupled with the inexperience of the senior management group. This lead to some anxiety and, as a consequence, risk-reducing activities. The SDs were based on analysis, advice and past experience, rather than on personal judgement. None of the banks exhibited strong political or intuitive behaviour in their DMPs. Instead there was constructive consultation in making decisions. DM was driven by clear decision motives, the importance attached to the decision, and a committed effort to minimize uncertainty and risk. Other factors considered were that the decisions were financially rewarding, delivered customer satisfaction and employee welfare, as well as being socially acceptable. Analysis of the data has enabled the development of a model which is consistent with an interpretation that places 'anxiety‘ in the senior management group as the dominant factor driving the adoption of a rational approach to DM, with low intuitive or political activity. Anxiety is derived from the crucial importance of the decision, the relative inexperience of the senior management group, and some policy pressure from the Central Bank of Libya to change and modernize banking methods. The availability of resources and time to the senior group, in a generally munificent environment, also made it feasible for senior staff to adopt rational methods of analysis for DM, and as a consequence reduce their degree of anxiety.
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Koh, Cherry. « Decision making in pelvic exenteration : Patient, Clinician and Societal perspectives ». Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/24862.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Locally advanced cancers of the pelvis are challenging cancers to manage. These patients often have a high symptom burden and prognosis is grim with non-surgical treatments. Radical surgery (also known as pelvic exenteration) is the only option which can offer cure, but it is also commonly accompanied by prolonged recovery, long term functional sequelae and considerable post-surgical complications. The uptake and dissemination of pelvic exenteration was also marred by early reports of high intra and post-operative mortality rates. Novel surgical techniques have improved both surgical and oncological outcomes in these patients, with renewed interests in the technique as well as increased adoption of the technique for other advanced pelvic cancers arising from different pelvic organs. Despite this, pelvic exenteration remains a decision-making challenge for all. For patients, the decision-making challenge surrounds weighing up the tradeoffs between survival versus morbidity and function. For the surgeon, decision-making surrounding patient selection is paramount to avoid unnecessary surgery in patients where cure is unlikely while ensuring patients amendable to cure are not inadvertently denied surgery. From a societal perspective, pelvic exenteration is a costly procedure which has not been proven to be cost-effective. In an era of burgeoning healthcare costs with competing demands on a finite pool of resources, understanding the cost-effectiveness of pelvic exenteration and the health services utilization associated with it is important. This thesis explores all three aspects of decision-making through a series of published and as yet unpublished, but completed studies.
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Fritz, Jane Manning. « An investigation of the effectiveness of open hypertext text techniques for qualitative decision support ». Thesis, University of York, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261102.
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Hootman, John C. (John Christian) 1979. « A military effectiveness analysis and decision making framework for naval ship design and acquisition ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41568.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (S.M. in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering; and, S.M. in Ocean Systems Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Ocean Engineering, 2003.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-100).
This research develops a new framework for performing military effectiveness analyses and design tradeoff decisions. It provides an extensive survey of literature for effectiveness analysis and multi-criteria decision making to develop a single consistent philosophy for such analyses. This philosophy is applied to a requirements and effectiveness analysis case study of a conventional submarine that is performed using Response Surface Methods to facilitate design space visualization and decision maker interaction. Measures of Merit are developed and applied to the case study. The resulting requirements space and methods to visualize and explore it in a decision making context are presented and discussed Lastly, a framework is proposed that would facilitate the concurrent consideration of requirements and effectiveness analyses with design and technology forecasting to create a Unified Tradeoff Environment that would provide decision makers with pertinent information to facilitate better informed requirements derivation and design selection.
by John C. Hootman.
S.M.in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering; and, S.M.in Ocean Systems Management
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Hsu, Frederick Bei-Min. « Strategic decision processes and effectiveness : an empirical examination by Lord and Maher's integrative framework ». Thesis, University of Manchester, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.631666.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis addresses a long standing debate in the field of strategic decision research between theories of rationality (decision models which call for adoption of comprehensive information search to achieve best possible outcomes) and theories of· bounded rationality (decision models which address decision makers' limited capacity in information processing). Empirical studies have produced inconclusive findings under conditions of rapid and unpredictable environmental change (turbulence). The various debates and controversies have been compounded by repeated failures to specify limits of proposed mechanisms, and by lack of clarity in terminology. The thesis therefore implemented a research agenda based on Lord and Maher's (1990, 1993) integrative framework. This served as a sensitising device for studying empirically observed behaviours in three major experiments. The framework is developed around three dimensions: rationality (incorporating rational models and bounded rational variants); expertness (adoption of expert judgement); and cyberneticness (trial-and-error learning). An experimental research design allowing for longitudinal observation was adopted to explore the relationships between decision processes and effectiveness under different environmental conditions. Decision environments were split into discontinuous and continuous ones, differentiated by the presence or absence of unexpected jolts. Locating changes in decision style and effectiveness in the discontinuous environments lies at the core of this research. The decision to focus on laboratory experiments has the advantage of providing the exclusive opportunities for close observation of multiple decisions in a short time-scale. However, this reduces the capacity of the study to provide direct links with real-life strategic decision situations. The results are therefore suggestive rather than definitive and are offered for cross-validation in more open decision environments. Within the laboratory settings, MBA students and senior executives participating in strategic decision making were observed. Qualitative data were collected from 124 decision tasks. A total of 330 questionnaires were further collected for the quantitative data analysis. Preliminary analysis results from the qualitative data were supported by those from the quantitative data. This exploratory research paved the way for further research in this field with similar research designs. The core finding was that a specific kind of rationality was identified· as effective in discontinuous environments. This decision mode is characterised by a combination of activities directed toward a wide search for information and possibilities (rationality), and testing out the search results (cyberneticness). This mode was labelled as Promethean rationality. Traditionally, based on a cross-sectional view, rationality and cyberneticness in decision making have. been seen as mutually exclusive (e.g., Kleinmuntz and Thomas, 1987; Steinbruner, 1974). In light of the discovery of this mode, assumptions in the literature may need re-examination. Additional findings are reported under conditions of environmental continuity. Again Promethean rationality was found to be effective. Also, a decision mode involving a combination of rationality and utilisation of expert judgement (labelled as Confucian rationality) was found to persist, and was identified as effective. Confucian rationality was found under these conditions to support what was partially expected in the 12- literature. In the past, the combination was stressed as important (e.g., Eisenhardt, 1989; Fredrickson, 1985; Simon, 1987). The fact that Promethean rationality was effective under two types of environmental conditions and previously undetected in the more critical conditions gives it higher potential for theory development than Confucian rationality. Identification of the effectiveness of Confucian rationality under. environmental continuity could be a useful 'by-product' which adds value to this research. The bounded nature of the experimental trials precludes any 'safe' extrapolation of these claims with confidence to real-life situations. However, it does permit the development of insights ('intuitions') regarding the kind of real-life situations most likely to be fruitful in the search for understanding of the experimental modes identified here.
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Ludewigs, Thomas. « Land-use decision making, uncertainty and effectiveness of land reform in Acre, Brazilian Amazon ». [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3252772.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, 2007.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Nov. 19, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-02, Section: B, page: 0861. Adviser: Eduardo S. Brodizio.
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Proctor, Charles N. IV. « Treatment of mitral valve regurgitation in the elderly : a decision cost-effectiveness analysis model ». Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/21239.
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(Thesis: M.A.) PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.INTRODUCTION: The ever-changing landscape of the US health care system is characterized by innovation and high-level care, yet it remains in a state of crisis. With the system seemingly locked in this dire state of rising costs, it becomes increasingly important to take costs into account when deciding between multiple treatments for a particular disease by undertaking cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) studies. In the present study, a model for mitral regurgitation (MR)—a cardiac valvular disease for which multiple treatment options exist with varying degrees of effectiveness, making it a suitable candidate for CEA —was developed to determine the cost-effectiveness of the four main treatments of medical therapy (MT), mitral valve repair (MVR), mitral valve replacement with a mechanical valve (MVPm) and mitral valve replacement with a bioprosthetic valve (MVPb). The goal of the present undertaking was to determine the most cost-effective treatment option for a reference patient given patient-specific inputs to test the functionality of the developed model. METHODS: Input values for costs, probabilities of event’s occurrences and quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) estimates for each treatment option were first obtained from databases and relevant literature. These values were then standardized to account for source variability and input into a decision tree (DT) model created specifically for the present analysis that included branches for each of the four potential interventions, from each of which were three potential outcome arms representing the potential endpoints of each treatment: death, alive with complications and alive without complications. The costs, probabilities and QALY –values of each of the four complications of interest in the study—atrial fibrillation (AFib), stroke, congestive heart failure (CHF) and reoperation—were combined and averaged to create a unified endpoint for the alive with complications branches of the DT. Following the development of the model, the relevant cost, probability and utility values were used to run a simulation to test the functionality of the model using values associated with a fictional 65-year-old Medicare-covered patient with chronic MR to act as a representative of a sizable real-life population. The model results were then used to calculate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER)—the standard comparison used in CEA—between treatment options to determine the most cost-effective among them. Following this simulation, one-way sensitivity analyses (SA) were conducted to determine the susceptibility of the result to variations in select input values. RESULTS: The probability-weighted costs of MT, MVR, MVPm and MVPb were found to be $40,387, $60,249, $76,293 and $74,320, respectively, with respective probability-weighted QALYs of 4.298, 4.740, 4.428 and 5.119. The calculation of ICERs from these values led to the conclusion that MVPb dominated all other treatments and had an ICER of $41,370/QALY gained over MT, which was treated as the baseline treatment option. The societal willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold used in the present study ($62,000/QALY gained) was greater than the ICER, indicating that MVPb is a cost-effective solution to society. The results of the SA indicated that variations in mortality rate within the ranges in the relevant literature have significant effect on the cost-effectiveness of the interventions, with roughly a 4.74% increase in mortality for MVPb or a 5.09% decrease in the rate of MT leading MVPb to be considered cost-ineffective. CONCLUSIONS: The simulation study concluded that for the 65-year-old reference case, MVPb was the most cost-effective option and the additional cost to society was deemed less than society’s WTP for the additional health benefit. The successful simulation of the model indicates it may hold real-world potential and be applicable to numerous other situations with varying input values. Further research into more accurate input values for a larger number of variables need to be determined in order to increase the accuracy and maximize the applicability of the present model. In addition, the model will require further complication via the inclusion of an increasing number of variables to allow for a more accurate determination of cost-effectiveness in a wider range of health scenarios. Thus, the current model described here and a further evolved future model hold great potential for use all across health care in order to help contain rising costs plaguing the current health care system in the United States.
2031-01-01
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Reiter, Dana L. « Increasing the effectiveness of stakeholder engagement in the use of environmental decision support systems ». Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/117606/2/Dana%20Reiter%20Thesis.pdf.
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Environmental decision support systems (EDSS) are used to assist natural resource managers make decisions regarding complex environmental issues, however, EDSS are often not used after the development stage. Sustainability science literature has explored this issue from the researcher perspective, and this thesis presents the perspective of end users of EDSS from Canada and Australia. A main conclusion of the study is that institutional commitment to commit EDSS into policy and practice would support ongoing EDSS use. Findings from this thesis will inform the development of future EDSS that meets the needs of end users and will be adopted into use.
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Andrews, Rick L. « Temporal changes in marketing mix effectiveness ». Diss., This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07282008-134759/.
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Beddingfield, Frederick Coston. « Melanoma a decision analysis to estimate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of screening and an analysis of the relevant epidemiology of the disease / ». Santa Monica, CA : RAND, 2002. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/51441066.html.
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Khan, Sinan. « Multi attribute decision analysis in public health analyzing the effectiveness of alternate modes of dispensing / ». Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Sep%5FKhan.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2007.Thesis Advisor(s): Richter, Anke ; Wollman, Lauren. "September 2007." Description based on title screen as viewed on October 22, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 111-117). Also available in print.
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Beech, David Haworth. « Differentiating between collaboration and decision making as predictors of leadership effectiveness : a four nation study ». Thesis, University of Sussex, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496871.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis addresses conceptual and empirical gaps and confusion in the literature regarding differences between leadership collaboration and decision making and between leadership styles, orientations or methods and dimensions of leadership behaviour. The thesis proposes that the structure of leadership behaviour involves a set of collaboration dimensions and a set of decision making dimensions that have different relationships with effectiveness.
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Thunberg, Eric M. « A decision model to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of alternative Virginia oyster grounds management strategies ». Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43041.
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Public and private concern over the decline of Virginia's
oyster industry prompted the General Assembly (GA) in
1977 and 1983 to commission its Joint Legislative Audit and
Review Commission (JLARC) to examine the State's oyster
grounds management policies. In response to JLARC's findings
the GA directed Virginia Marine Resources Commission
(VMRC) to construct and implement an oyster fisheries management
plan. The GA set as the plan's objective to achieve
the greatest production level possible subject to limits of
physical resource availability and technical feasibility.
That the plan should be attentive to cost-effectiveness was
also expressed by the GA.
In developing its management plan VMRC must consider a
variety of environmental, economic and political factors
affecting the production and harvest of market oysters. A
linear programming model developed for VMRC's use in evaluating alternative oyster grounds management strategies is described. The objective of the programming model is to minimize the public plus private cost of producing a prespecified level of market oyster harvest over a ten year planning horizon. The model includes as its activities the different aquacultural techniques used by private planters and VMRC in its repletion program. The many environmental, economic and political factors are incorporated into the model's constraints and technical coefficients.
Several management alternatives are evaluated with the
model. The results of these analyses indicate that without
a fundamental in the oyster repletion program, even if new
oyster grounds management policies are considered, there
would be little change in public grounds market oyster harvest
over current levels. Under revised repletion program practices, however, marked increases in public grounds harvest could be effected for relatively small increases in repletion program budget allocations over current levels.Master of Science
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Ortega-Verdugo, Paula. « Two-step selective caries removal of extensive lesions : treatment decision factors, success and cost-effectiveness ». Diss., University of Iowa, 2019. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/7007.
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The treatment of deep carious lesions (DCLs) represents a challenge for dentists, as these lesions require removal of dentin in proximity to the pulp that represents a higher risk of ending in pulp exposure. There is increasing evidence supporting minimally invasive caries removal methods, such as stepwise excavation procedure (SWP), instead of non-selective (complete) dentin caries removal for the treatment of DCLs. However, recent research has indicated that dentists have not completely adopted less invasive caries removal methods for the management of DCLs. These studies have been primarily conducted in Europe or South America; thus, few studies have been conducted in the United States to understand dentists’ management options of deep carious lesions in permanent teeth. Additionally, the proportion of dentists who would be willing to adopt less invasive carious tissue removal is unknown, especially in the United States.
This dissertation consists of three studies that analyzed the effectiveness of SWP, the factors associated with success, an assessment of its costs and the acceptability of this treatment among U.S dentists.
Study I assessed the patient factors predicting a successful SWP by retrospectively investigating a sample from the University of Iowa College of Dentistry from January 2004 through December 2012. Study I showed that SWPs showed a 75% success rate when evaluated within 36 months of the initial treatment. Patients who had a successful SWP treatment were slightly younger than patients whose SWP treatment was not successful.
Study II performed a cost-effectiveness analysis by comparing SWP vs. the standard caries treatment (complete caries removal). Study II showed that SWP significantly reduced cost, resulting in an average savings of 64% compared to TCR over a 5-year period.
Study III consisted of a statewide survey that contacted 1,434 Iowa dentists with the aim of identifying the most important factors that influence dentists’ decisions for DCLs treatment using conjoint analysis. From the total, 36.4% (n=522) clinicians answered the survey. One of the main study findings was that among the three factors (hardness of dentin, depth of the lesion and patient age) depth of the lesion was the most important factor influencing dentists’s decision when selecting a less invasive caries removal method. Study III did not find any significant association between years of practicing dentistry, type of practice and practice setting regarding being willing to select a less invasive caries removal method.
In conclusion, this dissertation has demonstrated that the stepwise caries removal is a cost-saving and highly successful treatment for the management of deep caries lesions. Studies I and II have shown that this method has a high clinical success rate and less long-term treatment costs. Regarding the acceptability of SWP among clinicians, this dissertation has shown that most dentists in Iowa would consider less invasive caries methods for a DCL; however, these techniques have not been completely adopted and accepted among American dentists. Thus, dentists should be trained in less invasive caries methods, given instruction about which criteria they should use to assess a DCL, and provide them with the best evidence-based strategies for managing deep lesions. The findings of this dissertation should engage stakeholders to provide dentists with professional incentives for using these techniques. Specifically, our results support the idea that SWP minimizes costs while providing the appropriate patient care.
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Doh, Kwee Yin. « The use of cost-benefit analysis in project evaluation ». Thesis, Kansas State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9832.
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Khalil, Mohamed. « Pharmacoeconomic evaluation in Egypt and its role in the medicine reimbursement ». University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6385.
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Magister Scientiae - MSc (Pharmacy Administration and Policy Regulation)Aim: The purpose of this research was to assess the validity of pharmacoeconomic evaluation in Egypt three years after the guideline was issued and analyse challenges and opportunities for improvement. Objectives: To conduct a literature review of pricing, medicine reimbursement, and pharmacoeconomic evaluation. Examine, in conjunction with relevant stakeholders, the progress of the pharmacoeconomic evaluation. To present examples of pharmacoeconomic evaluation deployment. To propose recommendations on how to optimize the pharmacoeconomic implementation. Methods: A literature review and a qualitative research method that was conducted using a semi-structured interview with stakeholders of the reimbursement process in Egypt. In addition, examples were analysed to determine the impact of pharmacoeconomic methods on medicine reimbursement in Egypt. Results: The Egyptian Pharmacoeconomic Evaluation Unit was established in 2013, it supports various reimbursement decisions, especially for new technologies. The unit evaluations depended mainly on the available international data. However, fragmentation of the health care system in Egypt is a major obstacle to progress. The guidelines are still non-compulsory for implementation, and accordingly some reimbursement committees do not consider its evaluation in its decision making. Conclusion and Recommendations: The pharmacoeconomic evaluation has demonstrated a good start in Egypt. To gain the full benefit of pharmacoeconomic evaluation, authorities need to consider reducing the complexity of health care system, setting clear strategies, building capabilities to improve pharmacoeconomic awareness; endorsing risk sharing strategy and building a proper health related information system along with creation of full Health Technology Assessment program. The above-mentioned recommendations could be associated together under the Universal Health Coverage road map that Egypt committed to achieve by 2030.
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Trew, Anthony Neville. « Impact of organisational culture and decision-making on program assurance for continuing airworthiness ». Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/119363/1/Anthony_Trew_Thesis.pdf.
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This project involved four studies designed to explain the relationship between organisational culture and the decision-making strategies employed by continuing airworthiness management programs in five major Australian domestic airlines. The project extended an existing organisational culture model to produce an industry specific model for airlines in Australia. The Continuing Airworthiness Organisational Culture Model introduces a new organisational culture trait of Assurance, which describes the behaviours and assumptions used within these programs to ensure that the aviation continuing airworthiness safety standards are met for the aircraft operated by the airlines.
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Mahon, Ronan. « Temporal uncertainty in cost-effectiveness decision models : methods to address the uncertainties that arise when the appropriate analysis time horizon exceeds the evidence time horizon in cost-effectiveness decision models as applied to healthcare interventions ». Thesis, University of York, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/8268/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The problem of predicting outcomes over time and expressing uncertainty about the future is one common to many scientific disciplines. For cost-effectiveness analysis used to aid resource allocation decisions in healthcare, this problem presents itself in the form of a disparity between the evidence time horizon (which is typically short-term) and the appropriate analysis time horizon (which is often long-term). To date, this problem has been primarily characterised as one of a need to extrapolate, i.e. an imperative to interpret the available short-term evidence and project this into the long-term in order to plug the evidence gap. Furthermore, the issue has been strongly associated with estimations of survival, but less so with other measures of disease progression, with estimates of cost, or with estimates of health-related quality of life. This thesis strives to take a broad and thoughtful approach to examining the general problem of a dearth of evidence pertaining to the long-term. It is argued that this problem is most accurately and most usefully thought of as one of uncertainty. As such, in this thesis, the term ‘temporal uncertainty’ is employed. Consideration is given to the nature of temporal uncertainty and when it is of significance in the context of decision making with evidence development. Where a full expression of temporal uncertainty is necessary in order to make an informed decision, a number of approaches are described and appraised. Caution is advised in relation to extrapolating evidence over time due to the implicit assumption that outcomes in the short-term are good predictors of outcomes in the long-term. It is recommended that temporal uncertainty be characterised by a single uncertain ‘temporal’ parameter and incorporated into a probabilistic analysis in order to provide a true estimate of expected cost-effectiveness and to estimate the value of obtaining information that would lessen temporal uncertainty. In the context of these principles, a review of the health technology assessment (HTA) literature reveals that approaches to addressing temporal uncertainty to date have been inconsistent and largely inadequate. The review also makes apparent the full range of model parameters that are regularly exposed to temporal uncertainty and the specific analytical challenges that must be overcome. A motivating example (the RITA-3 decision model) is employed in order to develop and apply methods that appropriately quantify temporal uncertainty for a range of model parameters given the available evidence. The motivating example also facilitates an examination of the effects of expressing temporal uncertainty throughout a decision model. It is found that the replacement of ‘conservative’ temporal assumptions with expressions of temporal uncertainty alters the adoption recommendation for several of the risk groups under examination, that overall uncertainty around costs and health benefits is greatly inflated, that there is likely to be value in obtaining further information specifically in relation to the long-term temporal nature of certain model parameters and that there may also be value in ‘waiting’ for further evidence to be revealed if there is the potential for significant irrecoverable costs to be incurred. In summary, this thesis represents a contribution to the development of methods to aid decision making in healthcare. In particular, the significant issue of temporal uncertainty is expounded and methods to appropriately address temporal uncertainty are developed and demonstrated.
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Cerantola, William Antonio. « A importância da comunicação da liderança para a tomada de decisão : análise exploratória de organizações no Brasil ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27154/tde-07072017-110429/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Esta tese de doutorado tem por objetivo apresentar um modelo conceitual e um modelo estrutural de comunicação da liderança para a tomada de decisão para alguns tipos de organizações no Brasil. Para cumprir este propósito foram identificadas variáveis discriminantes na literatura que definiram o novo modelo proposto. O modelo estrutural foi avaliado a partir de entrevistas e pela aplicação de questionários para líderes e equipes de 9 tipos de organizações, incluindo empresas privadas, multinacionais e nacionais, dos setores de saúde e serviços, assim como entidades civis representadas por escolas de samba. A pesquisa exploratória quantitativa considerou 32 variáveis discriminantes agrupadas em 3 constructos. O uso de análise estatística de equações estruturais pelo método PLS e CBSEM permitiu concluir que o modelo estrutural proposto foi capaz de confirmar o uso destas variáveis discriminantes para explicar e correlacionar aspectos determinantes da comunicação da liderança para a tomada de decisão em alguns tipos de organizações no Brasil. Esta contribuição permitirá dar um passo adiante no sentido de entender, analisar e atuar no escopo da comunicação da liderança, fenômeno considerado crítico para o campo da comunicação.This doctoral thesis aims to present a conceptual model and a structural model of communicaton leadership for decision making process for some types of organizations in Brazil. To fulfill this purpose, discriminant variables were identified in the literature that defined the proposed new model. The structural model was evaluated based on interviews and questionnaires for leaders and teams of 9 types of organizations, including private, multinational and national companies, health and service sectors, as well as civil entities represented by escolas de samba. Quantitative exploratory research was developed with 32 discriminant variables grouped into 3 constructs. The use of statistical analysis of structural equations using the PLS and CBSEM method allowed to conclude that the proposed structural model was able to confirm the use of these discriminant variables to explain and correlate determinant aspects of communication leadership for decision making process in some types of organizations in Brazil. This contribution will allow us to take a step forward to understanding, analyzing and acting in the scope of communication leadership, as a phenomenon considered critical for the field of communication.
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Fowke, Robert Andrew. « Performance Measures for Managerial Decision Making : Performance Measurement Synergies in Multi-Attribute Performance Measurement Systems ». PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/164.
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This research tests for correlation between corporate performance and use of financial measures, nonfinancial measures, and number of balanced scorecard categories used. Literature notes a preference for managing by nonfinancial measures because financial measures are lagging indicators, but little empirical evidence is available on the relationship between nonfinancial measures and financial performance, and few companies are found to realize the benefits of nonfinancial measurements. The balanced scorecard has been studied to find the impact of diversity of performance measures, and anecdotal improvements have been reported, but there is a paucity of empirical evidence regarding how the use of a balanced scorecard impacts organizational performance. These issues are investigated in this research with a web based survey distributed to a sample of publicly traded companies using a systematic selection process based on randomly selected numbers generated for each 3-digit NAICS category. The dependent variable is a rank of high, medium or low performance based on 12-month rolling average stock price comparisons from January 2005 to January 2009. These averages are analyzed as a percent change for each company, with performance standardized by 3-digit NAICS category to eliminate cross industry variance in performance ranking. Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA is used to test for correlation. High performers show greatest utilization of both financial and nonfinancial measures, followed by medium performers, with low performers utilizing both measures the least. Nonfinancial performance measures are more correlated to firm value than financial measures with the high performers' mean score for nonfinancial measures being higher than for financial measures. By contrast, medium and low performers exhibit the opposite: higher mean scores for financial measures than for nonfinancial measures [p ≤ 0.05 for nonfinancial measures and p ≤ 0.1 for financial measures]. Correlation is found to be borderline significant (p = 0.06) for the number of balanced scorecard categories used with high performers utilizing the highest number of categories and low performers utilizing the lowest number of categories [p = 0.009 with inclusion of two respondents reporting no usage of balanced scorecard categories].
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Pandya, Ankur. « Optimizing Cardiovascular Disease Screening and Projection Efforts in the United States ». Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10160.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The objective of this dissertation is to develop and evaluate quantitative models that have the potential to improve cardiovascular disease (CVD) screening and projection efforts in the U.S. Paper 1 assesses the exchangeability of a non-laboratory-based CVD risk score (predictors do not include cholesterol) with more commonly-used laboratory-based scores, such as the Framingham risk equations. Under conventional thresholds for identifying high-risk individuals, 92-96% of adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) were equivalently characterized as high- or low-risk using either type of score. The 10-year CVD death results also suggest that simple CVD risk assessment could be a useful proxy for more expensive laboratory-based screening strategies in the U.S. or other resource-limited settings. Paper 2 uses micro-simulation modeling techniques to evaluate the cost effectiveness of primary cardiovascular disease (CVD) screening using staged laboratory-based and/or non-laboratory-based total CVD risk assessment. The results imply that efficient screening guidelines should include non-laboratory-based risk assessment, either as a single stage or as part of multistage screening approach. Compared to current CVD screening guidelines, fewer cholesterol tests would be administered and more adults would receive low-cost statins under cost-effective screening policies. Paper 3 examines the trends of CVD risk factors, treatment, and total risk in the U.S. from 1973-2010, and offers projections of these variables for 2015-2030. Nine waves of cross-sectional NHANES data show that the divergent, observed trends in common CVD risk factors (such as smoking, BMI, total cholesterol, and blood pressure) are expected to continue in future years. Age-adjusted CVD risk has decreased over time (during the observed and projected periods), but total risk has increased when considering the impact of aging on CVD risk. Scenario analyses suggest that strategies targeting cholesterol and blood pressure treatment have the greatest potential to reduce future CVD burden in the U.S.
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Fernandez, Martin Ismael. « Valuation of design adaptability in aerospace systems ». Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22584.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.Committee Chair: Dr. Mavris, Dimitri; Committee Member: Dr. Hollingsworth, Peter; Committee Member: Dr. McMichael, Jim; Committee Member: Dr. Saleh, Joseph; Committee Member: Dr. Schrage, Daniel.