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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Decentralization in government – Russia »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Decentralization in government – Russia"

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Chernyavsky, A., et K. Vartapetov. « Fiscal Decentralization in Transition Economies ». Voprosy Ekonomiki, no 11 (20 novembre 2004) : 126–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2004-11-126-141.

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By employing the methodology developed by the OECD the paper assesses the degree of revenue decentralization in Russia in comparison with other post-communist European countries. The paper provides theoretical arguments underpinning fiscal decentralization, analyzes the composition of subnational government revenues, the level of regional and local tax autonomy and types of intergovernmental fiscal transfers. The analysis presents the composition of revenues depending on the degree of subnational and local government control. In comparison with other transition countries fiscal decentralization in Russia is relatively low. It is concluded that Russia's public finance reform has not progressed towards providing greater fiscal autonomy for regional and local governments.
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Starodubtsev, Andrey. « Coordination, Subordination and Control in Russian Territorial Governance ». Russian Politics 3, no 2 (23 juin 2018) : 260–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2451-8921-00302006.

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The article analyzes the current model of intergovernmental relations in Russia and explains how it was formed in the 2000s, as well as demonstrating its effects in one sphere of public administration, namely education. Based on theoretical perspectives on the expected and unexpected effects of decentralization, authoritarian politicians’ motives and central governments’ strategies aimed at overcoming the principal-agency problem, the author hypothesizes that decentralization realized under the conditions of an authoritarian government in geographically, ethnically and economically complex societies produces a kind of trap. Concentration on administrative decentralization intensifies the principal-agent problem while the authoritarian rulers’ interests limit the potential for employing effective means to overcome it.
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Slinko, E. A., et V. S. Brylev. « THE PROBLEMS OF THE REGIONAL POLICY IN RUSSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF THE WORLD PRACTICES ». Region : systems, economy, management 2, no 53 (2021) : 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1997-4469-2021-53-2-57-63.

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Subject. This article examines the possibilities of transforming the relations between the center and the regions in Russia. Topic. Problems of regional policy in Russia in the context of foreign experience. Purposes. To analyze some aspects of regional policy in different countries of the world to understand the possibilities of regional transformation in the Russian Federation. Methodology. Institutional and neoinstitutional methods, system approach, comparative method. Results. Each system of government has a» corridor « of improvement, which is associated with certain difficulties on the way to implementation. Regional policy in Russia tends to be centralized, which may limit the opportunities for regional development. At the same time, there is a need to maintain a single vertical of power and avoid the risks associated with decentralization. Application area. The results of the study can be applied by specialists in the field of regional policy and political management, teachers and students of higher educational institutions. Conclusions. The coronavirus pandemic has led to the activation of regional activities and the actualization of the regional agenda, while the 2020 constitutional reform is focused on strengthening the center and consolidating the vertical. Russia needs to avoid both the risks of over-centralization and the risks of excessive decentralization, while taking into account the specifics of individual regions. Keywords: regional policy, overcentralization, decentralization, form of government, centre, periphery.
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Ivanova, Natalia, Galina Morunova, Vitaliy Fedosov et Svetlana Kuzmina. « Fiscal decentralization : the search for new approaches for the development of local government ». E3S Web of Conferences 110 (2019) : 02059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911002059.

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In this article, the authors consider issues of fiscal decentralization in the context of sustainable development of territories, justify the development trends of the world community in providing public goods for the population. The analysis of this issues is carried out in comparison of indicators for Russia and the countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). This allows assessing the current level of fiscal decentralization in the world community, in Russia, and also determining its prospects. The authors presented the results of the study, which contain the dynamics of subnational budgets of Russia and OECD countries, separately identified local budgets, the dynamics of financing of proactive budgeting, the typology of the main projects of proactive budgeting, examples of municipal-private partnership projects implemented in Russia. In addition, the article sets out new approaches to the financial support of local government activities in the country, based on the introduction of self-taxation, bond loans and other forms of financing at the municipal level.
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Hodgson, Jayden. « Reenvisioning Russian Propaganda : Media Decentralization and the Use of Social Networks as a Means to Government Continuity ». Open Political Science 4, no 1 (1 janvier 2021) : 238–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/openps-2021-0022.

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Abstract Abstract: Russia’s social scene has been anything but stable. Through economic turbulence and social unrest by political opposition, Navalny being only the most recent figure in a long list, Russia, under Putin’s leadership, has shown that it can persist when faced with hardship. How does the regime do this? This article argues that its robust propaganda machine is the answer to this question. I provide three arguments to support this thesis. First, I will present how information is produced and disseminated. Second, Russian propaganda, used for branding itself, attempts to influence foreign just as much as domestic audiences. Finally, using private proxies to peddle a positive message on Twitter will be analyzed. Russias propaganda machine threatens liberalism in the West. This article hopes to add to the conversation as first, recognizing the threat, and second, providing information for combatting the regime.
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Libman, Alexander, et Lars P. Feld. « Strategic Tax Collection and Fiscal Decentralization : The Case of Russia ». German Economic Review 14, no 4 (1 décembre 2013) : 449–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geer.12004.

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Abstract In a centralized federation, in which tax rates and taxation rules are set by the federal government, manipulating the thoroughness of tax auditing and the effectiveness of tax collection could be attractive for regional authorities. In this article, we test for strategic tax collection empirically using data of the Russian Federation. Russia’s regional authorities in the 1990s have always been suspected of tax auditing manipulations in their favour. However, in the 2000s, increasing bargaining power of the centre seems to induce tax collection bodies in the regions to manipulate tax auditing in favour of the federal centre. Our findings confirm the existence of strategic tax collection for the Yeltsin period; the results for the Putin period are however ambiguous.
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Polyanina, O. A. « City Self-Government in Russia at the End of XIX - XXI Centuries : Processes of Decentralization and Internal Structuring ». Nauchnyy Dialog, no 2 (28 février 2020) : 403–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2020-2-403-420.

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The article is devoted to the problem of decentralization of urban self-government in Russia in the XIX - early XXI centuries. Both the practical experience of functioning of intra-urban municipalities (small urban units), and the level of theoretical understanding of the problems of decentralization in different periods of national history are analyzed in the article. The author has identified three time periods when the idea of creating a small city unit took on practical implementation: the revolutionary period in 1917-1918, the decade from 1995 to 2005 and the period from 2014 to the present. The author considers the socio-political context of the transformation at each of these stages. Particular attention is paid to the transformation of the regulatory framework in the studied area. It is shown that the legislation alternately ruled out, then allowed the possibility of creating intra-city municipalities, which impeded the progressive development of this level of municipal authority. The scientific novelty of the work is in the fact that the author revealed common typological features of the decentralization process that are characteristic of all the stages studied. It is concluded that the relatively low efficiency of a small urban unit is due to the politicization of its problems and the lack of historical continuity.
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Komlev, Evgeny Y. « Coordination of local authorities in Russia and Spain : comparative legal research ». RUDN Journal of Law 26, no 3 (7 septembre 2022) : 634–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2337-2022-26-3-634-654.

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One of the consequences of the 2020 constitutional reform in Russia is introduction into Russian legislation of the «coordination» concept in relation to the public authority’s activity. So far this legal institution has not received detailed regulation. The institution of coordination of the local authorities’ activities has long been known to foreign legal orders, including Spanish legislation. Taking into account the current reform of the Russian legislation on local self-government, the author substantiates the relevance and timeliness of the study of Spanish experience in this sphere. The purpose of the article is to analyze the legal basis and nature, procedure and conditions for applying the institution of coordination of the local authorities’ activity in Russia and Spain, to determine the possibility of implementing the Spanish experience into the Russian legal order. The methodological basis of the study involves general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as comparative legal and historical methods. Russian and Spanish legislations, law enforcement practice, doctrinal approaches to the research topic have been investigated. Based on the study, the author comes to the conclusion that Spanish experience in this field is relevant for Russia. The institution of coordination in relation to the activities of local self-government bodies in Russia requires more detailed regulation. The author proposes approaches for the complex use of the institution of coordination in order to achieve an optimal balance between the elements of centralization and decentralization of public power.
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Zazulina, M. R. « Between Centralization and Decentralization : on the Determinants of Local Self-Government Development in Russia ». Siberian Journal of Philosophy 16, no 2 (2018) : 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2541-7517-2018-16-2-155-166.

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Chikhladze, Levan T., et Evgeny Y. Komlev. « Problems and prospects for the development of local self-government in the Russian Federation and foreign countries : The all-Russian conference with international participation, Moscow, RUDN, April 25-29, 2022 ». RUDN Journal of Law 26, no 4 (15 décembre 2022) : 1017–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2337-2022-26-4-1017-1022.

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On April 25-29, 2022, an All-Russian conference with international participation “Problems and Prospects for the Development of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation and Foreign Countries” was held at the Law Institute of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia on the basis of the Department of Municipal Law. More than 200 scientists and practicing lawyers from the Russian Federation and foreign countries took part in the Conference. The Conference has acquired a traditional character and is being held for the sixth time. The 2022 conference was marked by a significant increase in the number of participants from different Russian regions, mostly by state and municipal employees. The additional relevance of the conference was caused by the ongoing municipal reform in Russia, designed to concretize the provisions of the 2020 constitutional reform. Besides reports by leading scientists and practitioners, the Conference included a student section “Young Scientist”, as well as a scientific seminar in Spanish on the topic “Decentralization in the framework of Peruvian constitutionalism”. Presents a general description of the conference, and the contents of the plenary meetings and sessions.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Decentralization in government – Russia"

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Edmonds-Poli, Emily. « Decentralization and local autonomy in Mexico / ». Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3027047.

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Frank, Jonas. « Decentralization in Ecuador actors, institutions, and incentives / ». Baden-Baden [Germany] : Nomos, 2007. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/154685356.html.

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Ip, Wei-chung. « Hiving-off hospital services in Hong Kong ». Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1989. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31975860.

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Riruako, Hoze. « The paradox of decentralization in Namibia ». Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5257_1190379709.

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It was the purpose of this study to demonstrate that the government of Namibia has been seeking to adopt structures and procedures that will contribute to the realization of general national development. Decentralization in any country takes place in a political context and its implementation assumes some political significance, as it is not merely a matter of centralization or decentralization of government functions and procedures, but both centralization and decentralization tendencies exist and reinforce each other in practice. This study argues that the dynamic features of decentralization and its implementation in Namibia have been shaped by central government's view, through the ministry of regional and local government and housing, of the concept decentralization. The objectives of this study were to provide a critical understanding of the theoretical foundation of the concept decentralization.

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Leung, Pik-yee Emily, et 梁璧儀. « Hiving-off : the case of the Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31975999.

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Msewa, Edwin Filbert. « Decentralisation and local governance in the Lilongwe district of Malawi ». Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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This research measured the impact of decentralisation on the promotion of good local governance in the Lilongwe District Assembly. The study explored the condition of local governance by examining the status of the facets that underpin local governance namely participation, transparency and accountability, gender equity and efficiency. It highlighted dilemmas associated with implementing decentralisation in areas where there are no functioning local institutions and where tendencies of centralisation still loom large.
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Selee, Andrew Dan. « The paradox of local empowerment decentralization and democratic governance in Mexico / ». College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3373.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.
Thesis research directed by: Public Affairs. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Tsamareb, Clemensius. « Decentralization in Namibia : a case study of the Hardap Regional Council ». Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7485_1254813044.

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The main objective of this study was to examine how the process of decentralization has affected the rendering of essential services in Namibia, through a case study of the Hardap Region. The main aim of this research was to determine the extent to which the objectives of the decentralization policy have been achieved by the Hardap Regional Council. The main objectives of the decentralization policy of the Namibian Government were to extend, enhance and guarantee participatory democracy and to safeguard rapid sustainable development.

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Leung, Pik-yee Emily. « Hiving-off the case of the Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation / ». Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1989. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31975999.

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O'Leary, Matthew Lawrence. « Government and parliament : the development of accountability in Russian politcs in 1905 and 1906 / ». Thesis, Connect to this title online ; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10429.

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Livres sur le sujet "Decentralization in government – Russia"

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Wallich, Christine. Fiscal decentralization : Intergovernmental relations in Russia. Washington, D.C : World Bank, 1992.

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Cuddy, Michael. Towards regional development programmes in Russia. Galway : Department of Economics, University College Galway, 1996.

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Timofeev, Andreĭ. Determinants of decentralization within Russian regions. Budapest : Open Society Institute, 2003.

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Blanchard, Olivier. Federalism with and without political centralization : China versus Russia. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, 2000.

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Bakke, Kristin M. Decentralization and intrastate struggles : Chechnya, Punjab, and Québec. New York : Cambridge University Press, 2015.

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Zhuravskaya, Ekaterina V. Quel fédéralisme en russie ? : Les leçons de l'expérience internationale. Paris : Éditions Rue d'Ulm, 2014.

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Louis, Skyner, et Risnes Brynjulf, dir. Moscow vs. the regions : Main trends in the contemporary legal and administrative developments of relations between the federal centre and the Russian regions. Oslo : NUPI, 2001.

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Bhatta, Bhim Dev. Decentralization in Nepal. New Delhi : Reliance Pub. House, 1990.

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Contemporary decentralization discourse. Kolkata : Mitram, 2011.

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Ahmed, Teraifi al-Agab, dir. Decentralization in Sudan. Khartoum, Sudan : Graduate College, University of Khartoum, 1987.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Decentralization in government – Russia"

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Jackson, Michael P., John W. Leopold et Kate Tuck. « Local Government ». Dans Decentralization of Collective Bargaining, 51–81. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22799-0_4.

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Loughlin, John. « Centralization and Decentralization in French History ». Dans Subnational Government, 25–44. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230210622_2.

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Zubarevich, Natalia. « Regional and Local Government ». Dans Russia, 367–80. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-56671-3_32.

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Bacon, Edwin. « Politics and Government ». Dans Contemporary Russia, 94–127. London : Macmillan Education UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-40827-3_5.

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Loughlin, John. « The Decentralization Programme : An Overview (1982–2006) ». Dans Subnational Government, 63–79. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230210622_4.

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Tan, Evrim. « Turkey’s Local Government Reform Process ». Dans Decentralization and Governance Capacity, 79–125. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02047-7_3.

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Leksin, Ivan. « Federal Government, Russia ». Dans Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, 2154–61. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20928-9_2948.

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Leksin, Ivan. « Federal Government, Russia ». Dans Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, 1–8. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_2948-1.

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Hegedüs, József. « Hungarian Local Government ». Dans Decentralization and Transition in the Visegrad, 132–58. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230374645_7.

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McCormick, John. « Russia ». Dans Cases in comparative government and politics, 265–88. London : Macmillan Education UK, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-352-00736-7_12.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Decentralization in government – Russia"

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Mohammed, Mohammed Abdulameer, Huda biti Ibrahim, Abdullah Hasan Hussein et Mohammed Morad Anad. « General e-government Structure for Iraqi decentralization government ». Dans 2013 IEEE Conference on e-Learning, e-Management and e-Services (IC3e). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ic3e.2013.6735983.

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Slavinskaitė, Neringa, et Romualdas Ginevičius. « REVENUE AUTONOMY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT : FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION ASPECT ». Dans Business and Management 2016. VGTU Technika, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2016.64.

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The empriral studies of fiscal decentralization depend critically on the correct measurement of fiscal decentralization. Fiscal decentralization is an important aspect of fiscal institutions in both developing and developed countries. One of the most important aspect of fiscal decentralization is revenue autonomy of local government. In this paper we calculated an index of revenue autonomy for selected Europe countries. The most important indicator is tax autonomy in revenue autonomy of local govenment, which based on the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) methodology. The empirical results show that, in general, the degree of local government revenue autonomy is higher in developed Europe countries than in most developing Europe countries.
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Bershadskaya, Lyudmila, Andrei Chugunov et Dmitrii Trutnev. « e-Government in Russia ». Dans the 6th International Conference. New York, New York, USA : ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2463728.2463747.

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Bobrova, N. A. « Form of Government in Russia ». Dans Scientific achievements of the third millennium. LJournal, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/scienceconf-09-2019-04.

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Jiang, Yanfeng. « Decentralization and Vertical Control in China�s Government Controlled Firms ». Dans 2nd International Conference on Education, Management and Social Science (ICEMSS 2014). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icemss-14.2014.3.

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Akatkin, Yu, E. Yasinovskaya, V. Drozhzhinov et V. Konyavskiy. « Towards the digital government in Russia ». Dans EGOSE 2016 : Challenges in Eurasia 2016. New York, NY, USA : ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3014087.3014093.

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« TOWARDS E-GOVERNMENT SERVICES IN RUSSIA ». Dans International Conference on Knowledge Management and Information Sharing. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0003627502940301.

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Davydenko, Nadiia, Svitlana Boiko, Alina Вuriak et Inna Demianenko. « Development of rural areas through fiscal decentralization ». Dans 22nd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2021”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.010.

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The ratification of the European Charter of Local Self-Government and the adoption of the Concept of the Reform of Local Self-Government and the Territorial Organization of Power in Ukraine in April, 2014 laid the groundwork for the approval of fiscal decentralization and the creation of fiscal frameworks for the development of rural areas. One of the defining conditions of fiscal decentralization is the provision of the local government with financial resources in an amount sufficient to perform their tasks for development of rural areas. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of rural development of Ukraine in terms of fiscal decentralization, identify the main problems, and present an argument for the directions towards enhancing the positive impact of fiscal decentralization on the social and economic development of rural areas. The methodological basis of the article is general scientific and special methods of research, in particular: economic and statistical; analysis and synthesis; tabular and graphical. The conducted research has made it possible to establish that the implementation of fiscal decentralization has resulted in greater interest of village council in increasing revenues to local budgets by transferring the right to receive more tax revenues and non-tax revenues, finding contingency local budgets, improving the efficiency of tax administration and fees. The study gives grounds for proposing approaches to increase the effectiveness of fiscal decentralization in the context of rural development, including expanding of the list of taxes and fees in budget revenues of united territorial community (e.g. corporate income tax, personal income tax, environmental tax); improving the mechanism for providing local budgets with inter-budget transfers from the State Budget of Ukraine; optimization of budget expenditures under the condition that a guaranteed and affordable level of public services is provided; increasing the accountability of local governments in order to prevent corruption; involvement of the population in active participation in development policy of rural areas.
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Pavlyutenkova, Marianna, et Polina Ksenz. « New Conditions of Electronic Government in Russia ». Dans EGOSE '15 : Challenges in Eurasia. New York, NY, USA : ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2846012.2846027.

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MUHARREMI, Oltiana, Lorena CAKERRI et Filloreta MADANI. « Impact of Fiscal Decentralization Reforms in Albania ». Dans Current Trends in Public Sector Research. Brno : Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9646-2020-10.

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Decentralization and fiscal decentralization constitute one of the most followed trends for political and economic reform in recent years around the world. Albania, in the 1990s, begins its process of transitioning from a centralized economy to a free-market economy. This process is accompanied by transforming existing economic mechanisms and infrastructure to better function the free-markets model, but above all, with the need to develop and create new legal, institutional, economic, and social instruments and spaces to increase the allocation and efficiency of public and private resources. The objective of this study is to give an appropriate answer to the question: What has been the impact of decentralization reforms on the performance of public services provided by local government? The research paper will focus on the role that improvements and legislative changes play in the country's economic growth. Within the past two decades, progress is made in advancing decentralization reform, but there are still many challenges ahead, such as the lack of a clear legal and regulatory framework. Adding to that concern is the financial autonomy of local governments, which remains a challenge for the future. The research methodology used will be a descriptive analysis of data obtained from the Ministry of Finance and Economy and local municipalities on the impact of the reforms. Recommendations and suggestions will be given on the reforming process, as well as ways to increase the efficiency of local government units.
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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Decentralization in government – Russia"

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Dal Bó, Ernesto, Frederico Finan, Nicholas Li et Laura Schechter. Government Decentralization Under Changing State Capacity : Experimental Evidence From Paraguay. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, août 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24879.

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Nivorozhkin, Anton, et Eugenity Nivorozhkin. Do Government Sponsored Vocational Training Programs Help the Unemployed Find Jobs ? Evidence from Russia. W.E. Upjohn Institute, janvier 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.17848/wp05-115.

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Cilliers, Jacobus, Eric Dunford et James Habyarimana. What Do Local Government Education Managers Do to Boost Learning Outcomes ? Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), mars 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2021/064.

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Decentralization reforms have shifted responsibility for public service delivery to local government, yet little is known about how their management practices or behavior shape performance. We conducted a comprehensive management survey of mid-level education bureaucrats and their staff in every district in Tanzania, and employ flexible machine learning techniques to identify important management practices associated with learning outcomes. We find that management practices explain 10 percent of variation in a district's exam performance. The three management practices most predictive of performance are: i) the frequency of school visits; ii) school and teacher incentives administered by the district manager; and iii) performance review of staff. Although the model is not causal, these findings suggest the importance of robust systems to motivate district staff, schools, and teachers, that include frequent monitoring of schools. They also show the importance of surveying subordinates of managers, in order to produce richer information on management practices.
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Alcaíno, Manuel, Analia Jaimovich, Carolina Méndez et Diana Vásquez. Open configuration options Government fragmentation and educational outcomes : evidence on the creation of municipalities in Chile. Inter-American Development Bank, janvier 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003977.

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We explore how government fragmentation affects public education provision by examining the case of Chile, which created 11 municipalities between 1994 and 2004. Using territories that sought, but failed to, achieve independence as controls, we find that schools in newly created municipalities, on average, experienced a standard deviation decline of 0.2 in elementary school mathematics performance. In addition, fragmentation led to a high turnover and increased job insecurity of classroom teachers and school management teams in newly created municipalities. In contrast, we found that reducing the size of the original municipalities school networks does not impact student outcomes or school personnel. Overall, our findings point to specific unintended educational effects of policies that seek to enhance horizontal decentralization.
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Chachu, Daniel. Review of sub-national institutional performance in Ghana. UNU-WIDER, avril 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/wbn/2021-1.

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While the literature on the measurement, causes, and correlates of variations in sub-national institutional governance is prominent for Europe and other regions, it is less so for sub-Saharan Africa. Emerging literature on the latter region offers scope for improved understanding of the relationship between variations in the quality of sub-national governance and Africa’s development. As a preliminary step towards contributing to this literature, this Background Note reviews Ghana’s decentralization experience and efforts to assess its outcome. It surveys the literature, including government documents, reports, and technical notes, and attempts to answer the ‘what’ and ‘how’ of measuring sub-national institutional performance in one of Africa’s shining polities since its decentralization experiment began in 1988.
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Quak, Evert-jan. Russia’s Approach to Civilians in the Territories it Controls. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), mars 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.041.

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This rapid review synthesises the literature from academic sources, knowledge institutions, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and trusted independent media outlets on the approach used by the Russian government to provide any support or services to civilians in the territories it controls. The rapid review concludes that Russia provides economic, social, government, and military support to de facto states that it controls, such as Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Transnistria and the Donbas region. Russia covers large parts of the state’s budget of these separatist regions. This review uses the term aid referring to a wide range of support, such as humanitarian, social safety nets, basic services, infrastructure, state development, and security. Due to the lack of transparency on the Russian aid money that flows into the regions that are the subject of this review, it is impossible to show disaggregated data, but rather a broader overview of Russian aid to these regions. Russia used humanitarian aid and assistance to provide for civilians. During armed conflict it provided, to some extent, food, and medicines to the people. However, from the literature Russia has used humanitarian aid and assistance as an instrument to pursue broader policy goals that could not be defined as humanitarian in nature. Russia often relied on the language of humanitarianism to strengthen its credentials as a neutral and impartial actor and to justify its continued support for the residents and de facto authorities of Abkhazia, South Ossetia, and Transnistria, to secure its aim to strengthen the political and social ties with these regions while weakening their allegiance to Georgia and Moldova. As the humanitarian activities to the Donbas region in eastern Ukraine demonstrate, the Russian state is not willing to allow scrutiny of their humanitarian aid by independent organisations. Mistrust, corruption, and the use of aid for propaganda, even smuggling arms into the separatist region, are commonly mentioned by trusted sources. After a conflict becomes more stabilised, Russia’s humanitarian aid becomes more of a long-term strategic “friendship”, often sealed in a treaty to integrate the region into the Russian sphere, such as the cases of South Ossetia, Abkhazia, and Transnistria clearly show. Although all these separatist regions rely on Russia (economically, politically, and through Russia’s military presence), this does not mean that they always do exactly what Russia wants, which is particularly the case for Abkhazia and Transnistria.
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Konaev, Margarita, Andrew Imbrie, Ryan Fedasiuk, Emily Weinstein, Katerina Sedova et James Dunham. Headline or Trend Line ? Center for Security and Emerging Technology, août 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20210033.

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Chinese and Russian government officials are keen to publicize their countries’ strategic partnership in emerging technologies, particularly artificial intelligence. This report evaluates the scope of cooperation between China and Russia as well as relative trends over time in two key metrics of AI development: research publications and investment. The findings expose gaps between aspirations and reality, bringing greater accuracy and nuance to current assessments of Sino-Russian tech cooperation.
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Bland, Gary, Lucrecia Peinado et Christin Stewart. Innovations for Improving Access to Quality Health Care : The Prospects for Municipal Health Insurance in Guatemala. RTI Press, décembre 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2017.pb.0016.1712.

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Municipal insurance–a collective compact in which municipal government is the lead actor in designing, delivering, and supervising a health care financing arrangement—is considered by some Guatemalans as a potential new avenue for improving financial protection against rising costs and improved access to quality health care. This brief presents a political economy analysis of the prospects for the adoption of municipal insurance in Guatemala. Municipal insurance has so far been tried only once, in 2015, by the large suburban municipality of Villa Nueva. Drawing from the Villa Nueva experience, based on interviews with nearly 30 key informants, this brief examines the potential obstacles to municipal insurance reform as well as leading factors favoring its introduction. Consistent health ministry support and equity concerns are potential limitations, for example, while decentralization and the recent emergence of creative insurance products are likely to be supportive. This brief then concludes with consideration of the policy implications of such a reform. We also offer a series of policy recommendations for policymakers and practitioners who may be looking to implement municipal insurance reform.
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Smoke, Paul, David Gómez-Álvarez, Andrés Muñoz Miranda et Axel Radics. The Role of Subnational Governments in the Covid-19 Pandemic Response : Are There Opportunities for Intergovernmental Fiscal Reform in the Post-Pandemic World ? Inter-American Development Bank, juillet 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004391.

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In early 2020, once the severity was recognized on a global scale, the COVID-19 pandemic quickly became the most immediately pressing crisis. In addition to the general demands the pandemic created for strong and competent national and international response, it also raised numerous issues and generated tensions around the sharing of responsibilities and resources among levels of governments in many countries around the world. A number of comparable health and economic issues have emerged fairly universally, but they have manifested in different ways and the responses and results have been diverse across and within countries. This monograph summarizes available information about how the pandemic has affected fiscal decentralization around the world, focusing on five Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru. It briefly characterizes the intergovernmental fiscal systems in these countries, provides an overview of the known impacts of the pandemic and summarizes available information on government responses to the pandemic, both national and those undertaken by subnational governments with national support or more independently. The conclusions draw lessons from regional and global experiences about if and how post-pandemic policies might be developed to improve the intergovernmental fiscal system in particular countries.
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Terzyan, Aram. Belarus in the Wake of a Revolution : Domestic and International Factors. Eurasia Institutes, décembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47669/eea-3-2020.

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This paper explores the political landscape of Belarus in the aftermath of the 2020 presidential elections, with a focus on both domestic and international factors behind the ongoing crisis. Lukashenko’s regime has a long record of sustaining its power by preserving elite unity, controlling elections, and/or using force against opponents. Therefore, massive fraud characterizing the 2020 presidential elections and brutal suppression of peaceful protests in its aftermath came as no surprise. Against this backdrop, the anti-government protests following the presidential elections raised a series of unanswered questions regarding both their domestic and foreign policy implications. The biggest question is whether the Belarusian civil society and opposition will prove powerful enough to overcome state repression and change the status quo in Europe’s “last dictatorship”. Worries remain about the Belarusian opposition’s emphasis on foreign policy continuity, meaning that Belarus is bound to remain in the orbit of the Russian authoritarian influence. The total fiasco of post-Velvet Revolution Armenian government both in terms of domestic and foreign policies, among others, further reveals the excruciating difficulties of a democratic state-building within the Russia-led socio-political order.
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