Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Débris plastique »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Débris plastique"
Maes, Christophe. « Dispersion des plastiques marins flottants à la surface des océans ». La Météorologie, no 119 (2022) : 053. http://dx.doi.org/10.37053/lameteorologie-2022-0084.
Texte intégralDionne*, Jean-Claude. « Événements holocènes mis en évidence dans une coupe de la terrasse Mitis à l’embouchure de la rivière Fouquette, sur la rive sud du moyen estuaire du Saint-Laurent ». Géographie physique et Quaternaire 57, no 2-3 (22 septembre 2005) : 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/011317ar.
Texte intégralChergui, H. « Flux des particules grossières de matière organique allochtone et autochtone dans un bras mort du Rhône ». Revue des sciences de l'eau 2, no 4 (12 avril 2005) : 565–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705043ar.
Texte intégralRICORDEL, S., L. DEDIEU, D. ASTRIE, R. TRAMOY, B. TASSIN et J. GASPERI. « Macrodéchets et déchets plastiques issus du trafic routier ». 6 6, no 6 (20 juin 2022) : 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.36904/tsm/202206053.
Texte intégralArtaud, Hélène, Frédérique Chlous et Émilie Mariat-Roy. « Des mers anthropocéniques ? Un colloque au Muséum national d’histoire naturelle ». Natures Sciences Sociétés 29, no 2 (avril 2021) : 198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/nss/2021037.
Texte intégralBerroug, Fatiha, El Khadir Lakhal, Mohamed El Omari et Hamid El Qarnia. « Simulation numérique des besoins énergétiques d’une serre agricole sous le climat de Marrakech - Maroc ». Journal of Renewable Energies 13, no 1 (25 octobre 2023) : 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54966/jreen.v13i1.184.
Texte intégralNouar, C., R. Devienne et M. Lebouche. « Convection thermique pour l'écoulement de couette avec débit axial ; cas d'un fluide pseudo-plastique ». International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 30, no 4 (avril 1987) : 639–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0017-9310(87)90194-3.
Texte intégralCHIRA, Rodica-Gabriela. « Sophie Hébert-Loizelet and Élise Ouvrard. (Eds.) Les carnets aujourd’hui. Outils d’apprentissage et objets de recherche. Presses universitaires de Caen, 2019. Pp. 212. ISBN 979-2-84133-935-8 ». Journal of Linguistic and Intercultural Education 13 (1 décembre 2020) : 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.29302/jolie.2020.13.12.
Texte intégralPicard, Timothée. « La mélomanie porte-t-elle les écrivains à la « déclinologie » (et vice-versa) ? (Parcours à travers la littérature contemporaine, et mise en perspective) ». Fabula-Lht : Tombeaux de la littérature, no 6 (1 mai 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.58282/lht.124.
Texte intégralGagnon, Éric. « Âgisme ». Anthropen, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.anthropen.089.
Texte intégralThèses sur le sujet "Débris plastique"
Thibault, Margot. « Composition, abundance, origin and distribution of plastic pollution accumulated in the Southern Indian Ocean gyre ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Réunion, 2024. https://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/24_01_M_THIBAULT.pdf.
Texte intégralThe majority of mismanaged plastic waste enters the marine environment. Once in the oceans, these plastics drift until reaching subtropical convergence zones, where they accumulate to form “Garbage Patches”. Five zones have been discovered, including one in the southern Indian Ocean. This latter patch has undergone limited surface observation studies, and several predicted models indicate a different location, placing it either west or east of the basin. Supposedly the second most polluted “Garbage Patch” after the North Pacific, it is crucial to identify it for effective intervention accurately. Within this context, the doctoral project aimed to determine the composition, concentration, and origin of plastic debris accumulated in the Southwest Indian Ocean. Since the project's inception, 19 oceanographic campaigns have been conducted to visually monitor macro-debris (> 2.5 cm) and collect microplastics by manta trawl deployment (500 μm – 5 mm). Surveys of marine debris (macro-meso (5 mm – 2.5 cm) beached on uninhabited, remote islands have also been carried out to assess the concentration that does not remain on the surface. Furthermore, a long-term study of plastic pollution was initiated by identifying bio-indicator species in the region. All observations have been compared or complemented with plastic dispersion predictive models in the Indian Ocean. Of all the marine debris collected or observed, 95% consisted of plastics. Among plastics, the predominant subcategory was pre-existing fragmented hard plastics found on the ocean surface, beached on uninhabited islands, and ingested by bio-indicator species. The primary composition of these polymers was polyethylene and polypropylene, and it did not differ between the ocean surface and beaches. A concentration gradient of microplastics was also identified, ranging from 10^3 items.km^-2 at 40°E to 10^5 items.km^-2 at 65°E on latitudes 30/33°S. This gradient has been confirmed by plastic dispersion predicted models, although they tend to underestimate it. In addition, some of the macroplastics stranded on the islands originated mainly from Southeast Asian food packaging. Three species have been identified for long-term monitoring of plastic pollution in the region: loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta), Barau's petrels (Pterodroma baraui), and tropical shearwaters (Puffinus baillonni). Future studies should include increasing sampling in the central and eastern parts of the Indian Ocean basin during different seasons, studying the impact of plastic debris on associated ecosystems, and developing tailored management solutions
Wahl, Aurélie. « Distribution et comportement de débris plastiques dans un sol agricole amendé en compost de déchets ménagers ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes 1, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022REN1B031.
Texte intégralPlastic waste is accumulating in all environmental compartments, and its presence is of great interest to the scientific community. However, plastic waste study in soils is only very recent compared to rivers and oceans. This PhD work therefore focused on the behaviour of micro- and nanoplastics and associated contaminants from the composting of household waste enriched with plastic debris in agricultural soil. The microplastics collected in soil have an advanced degree of weathering that favours the release of small plastic particles such as nanoplastics. In order to identify them, an extraction/identification method was developed and highlighted for the first time, the presence of nanoplastics containing the three most common polymers in the uppermost soil surface layer. It was then demonstrated that these nanoplastics were present in the mineral layers at depth, whereas the microplastics were only present at ploughing depth. Nanoplastics are therefore mobile in soils and can reach the underlying groundwaters. Finally, the role of plastic waste in the concomitant metal contamination found in soil was investigated. The highest concentrations correspond to metals used as additives in the formulation of plastics, but the plastic role could not be implicated with certainty in soil contamination. However, metals and their isotopic signatures are good candidates for tracing nanoplastics in complex natural matrices
Voineau, Florian. « Systèmes communicants haut-débit et bas coûts par guide d’ondes en plastique ». Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0178/document.
Texte intégralIn a world willfully transitioning to the Digital Age, the thirst for connectivity demands high-speed communication links at low cost. In this context, affordable plastic waveguides have been proposed as a disruptive propagation channel in the millimeter-wave (mmW) range. Benefiting from multi gigahertz (GHz) bandwidths and mmW capabilities of advanced CMOS technologies as well as relaxed assembly tolerances requirements, cost-effective communication systems based on plastic waveguides could offer multi gigabits per second (Gb/s) data rates over several meters distances.In this work, the design of plastic waveguide channels is first discussed using both a theoretical approach and Electromagnetic (EM) simulations. Although low attenuation promises have been confirmed, some limitations are also highlighted, especially as regards confinement ability and robustness to external contacts. Solutions involving foam coating are briefly investigated and an innovative plastic waveguide design demonstrating improved characteristics is introduced.System-level topics are then explored in order to build a communication system using the previously presented channel. A new architecture, which combines Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) and frequency multiplexing, is found to be much more suitable. The transition from the circuit to the plastic waveguide has also been identified as a potential bandwidth bottleneck. Consequently, a wideband microstrip to WR-12 transition has been designed. Another limitation concerning the demodulation of QPSK mmW signals is investigated and an original topology using the non-linearities of Injection Locked Oscillators (ILO) has been developed.Finally, the design of a mmW transmitter in an advanced silicon technology node (CMOS 28 nm FD-SOI) is described. Major contributions include the introduction of high-performance integrated hybrid couplers and the realization of a wide locking range synchronization circuit enabling low phase-noise operation when locked on the fifth harmonic of a reference signal. Measurements on modulated signals have validated the transmitter high data-rate capability of several Gb/s
Philip, Léna. « Écologie microbienne associée à la biodégradabilité des plastiques en milieu marin ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS505.
Texte intégralLimiting plastic pollution has become a priority to limit already existing impacts on natural ecosystems. Manufacturing of so-called biodegradable plastics is part of the solutions willing to limit this pollution. However, standard methods (ISO, AFNOR, ASTM…) validating plastics biodegradability in aquatic environments have been highly criticized in the scientific literature, especially for their lack of relevance towards the natural environment. This thesis aims at strengthening the knowledge on plastic biodegradability in aquatic environments and proposing new insights for improving the current standard methods, while focusing on bacterial communities associated to these plastic debris in natural environment, referred to as the “plastisphere”. The first part of this work focuses on the microbial communities associated to floating plastic debris on the river-sea continuum, thanks to an 8-month campaign on 9 European rivers (the Tara Microplastic mission, supported by the Tara Oceans foundation). Indeed, it is estimated that 80% of plastic debris found at sea are land-based, arriving at sea through the rivers. The taxonomic study of plastic-associated communities showed a clear distinction between plastisphere from sea and riverine samples (included pathogens). The second part of this work focuses on protocols for the evaluation of plastic biodegradability at sea. A miniaturized experimental design allowed to generate numerous experimental conditions and replicates to test the influence of test medium (natural or synthetic sea water), but also the bacterial inoculum diversity (sea water or natural bacterial biofilm) and its concentration (104, 105 and 106 cells per mL) on different polymer types (polyethylene-PE, polyhydroxyalkanoates-PHA and cellulose). Bacterial activities (respirometry, heterotrophic bacterial production), biodegradation products (oligomers) and nutrients concentration were monitored during 90 days of incubation. These experiments highlighted the relevance of using a preselected inoculum (1-month mature biofilm grown on the tested polymer) and to follow the possible nutrients limitations (nitrogen and phosphorus) for biodegradability testing in conditions close to the natural conditions. The third part of this work is an application of the testing method for the study of the marine biodegradability of 7 formulas of PHA exhibiting various chemical compositions and physical properties. Our tests indicate that PHA biodegradability is tightly related to the presence of hydroxybutyric acid monomers, which is the most widespread PHA monomer and also the most targeted by microbial enzymes responsible of their biodegradation. This PhD work contributes to a better understanding of microbial ecology related to plastic biodegradability at sea and paves the way for improving the standard methods for testing of marine plastic biodegradability
Therriault-Proulx, François. « DÉVELOPPEMENT DE NOUVEAUX DOSIMÈTRES À SCINTILLATEURS PLASTIQUES POUR DES APPLICATIONS IN VIVO EN RADIOTHÉRAPIE ET CURIETHÉRAPIE À HAUT DÉBIT DE DOSE ». Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29683/29683.pdf.
Texte intégralThe goal of this thesis is to develop new plastic scintillation dosimetry systems to enable the measurement of in vivo doses in real time and the verification of the treatment delivery accuracy for radiation therapy, especially for high dose rate brachytherapy. The necessity to account for the stem effect light produced in the optical guide by radiation was first shown. The detector built for this study was then used to verify its accuracy to measure dose in real time during the delivery of a typical prostate treatment plan in high dose rate brachytherapy. This measurement was performed inside a water phantom. Dose deposited at each dwell position, inside each catheter and for the entire treatment delivery was measured and compared to the treatment planning system. Another part of this research project was on the development of an approach to render possible measurement at multiple positions with the use of multiple scintillating elements and only a single collecting optical guide. Plastic scintillation detectors with 2 and 3 points of measurement were first developed and used under external beam high energy radiation therapy. The approach enabled the calculation of different signal contributions over the total optical signal; a study was then performed to evaluate the importance of the fluorescence component on the total stem effect under a variety of irradiation modalities and conditions. Finally, a 3-point detector was inserted inside a single catheter to perform dosimetry under Ir-192 high dose rate brachytherapy in a water phantom. Its accuracy to measure dose was demonstrated. An uncertainty budget was also calculated in order to evaluate the limitations of this detector for its clinical potential as a real-time in vivo dosimeter.
Livres sur le sujet "Débris plastique"
d'écocivisme, Canada Programme. Les débris de plastique en mer : Pensez-vous que l'eau est aussi limpide que le cristal ? Ottawa, Ont : Environnement Canada, 1994.
Trouver le texte intégralJoe, Harris. Great Pacific : Trashed ! 2e éd. 2013.
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