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1
Zernetska, O. "Experience of Fighting against Separatism in Great Britain." Problems of World History, no. 6 (October 30, 2018): 132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2018-6-10.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Separatism in Great Britain is one of the biggest problems. It is closely connected with the building of the British Empire and continues to exist as a cause of it disintegration. Home and internationalcauses of separatism in Great Britain are detected in this article. One concerns home affairs and deals with the processes of separation of Northern Ireland and Scotland from Britain. The other lies in thesphere of international affairs and deals with the exit of Great Britain from European Union. The background of these processes has been analyzed and was proved that military actions have not beensuccessful. The best way is the three parts negotiations and compromises from the metropolitan state. It was exposed that to solve issues of international affairs such as separation of Great Britain from EUat the same time with separatism movements at home gives the latters the opportunity to leave metropolis and gain independence.
2
Valdés, Juan Núñez. "WOMEN IN THE EARLY DAYS OF PHARMACY IN GREAT BRITAIN." International Journal Of Multidisciplinary Research And Studies 04, no. 12 (2018): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33826/ijmras/v04i12.1.1.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper deals with the beginnings and historical evolution of Pharmacy studies in Great Britain and on the role played by the first women who practiced the profession there, The circumstances of that time, which made very difficult for a woman to work in that area, the biography of the first English woman licensed in Pharmacy, Fanny Deacon, and the biographies of the women who followed her as graduates in Pharmacy in Great Britain are commented, detailing not only their personal data but also the impact they had on the evolution and development of Pharmacy studies in their country. These women were Alice Vickery, Isabella Skinner Clarke, Margaret Elizabeth Buchanan, Rose Coombes Minshull and Agnes Thompson Borrowman.The main objective of the paper is to reveal the figures of these first women in Pharmacy in Great Britain to society, To do this, the methodology used has been the usual in researches of this type: search of data on these women in bibliographical and computer sources, as well as in historic archives. As the main results, the biographies of these pioneers pharmacist women mentioned above have been elaborated
3
Vitrik, M., and K. Kuznetsova. "Great Britain after Brexit: EU and Russia." Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2004-04.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article deals with the problem of the consequences of Brexit, the UK is interested in maintaining access to the Single internal market of the European Union, highlights options for further participation of the UK in the integration processes in Europe, describes possible ways of the future development of the situation. The analysis has shown that it is diffi cult to fi nd an option that would satisfy both the EU and the UK. Special attention is paid to the relationship between Russia and the UK after Brexit. The authors conclude that Russia is in favor of establishing relationship with the UK, but everything will depend on further decisions of the EU and the UK regarding their mutual cooperation.
4
Shepherd, Ian A. G. "The V-bored Buttons of Great Britain and Ireland." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 75 (2009): 335–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00000396.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper deals with the V-bored buttons that were in use in Great Britain and Ireland during the late 3rd and early 2nd millennia BC. It presents a corpus and typology; reviews their distribution, dating, contexts, and artefactual associations; examines their possible functions and their associations by sex; and looks at their Continental origins and connections.
5
Stokes, J. D. A., I. D. James, and L. Holliday. "Developing a Location Database for the UK Radio Data System – Traffic Messaging Channel Service." Journal of Navigation 51, no. 3 (1998): 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463398007863.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper deals with the development of a location database compatible for use with the proposed Radio Data System – Traffic Messaging Channel for Great Britain. It looks at the needs for such a database and the technical difficulties that have been overcome in developing a cost-effective, automatic, production system that provides the most detailed roads location database in Great Britain.
6
Karužaitė, Daiva. "Higher Education Changes in Great Britain in XX–XXI centuries." Pedagogika 117, no. 1 (2015): 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2015.064.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article reveals development and essential changes of higher education in Great Britain in XX–XXI centuries.
 During last century Great Britain higher education system has changed dramatically – from elite higher education in the beginning of XX century, which was available for very small part of society, to mass higher education with variety of institutions and education programs. Nowadays there is almost half of Great Britain population (of certain age group) obtaining higher education certificate or diploma.
 The junction of XX and XXI centuries was signed with significant shift in the gender structure of higher education students: more women obtained fist university degree than men. Ten years later the same was recorded in higher degrees.
 The intense change of Great Britain higher education from elite to mass inevitably influenced the higher education finance sector. Great Britain used to cover all expenses of higher education from the budget. However, the financial crises occurred in the last decade of XX century, and the government was forced to seek for new financing models of higher education. First time in Great Britain higher education history the tuition fee was introduced. Striving to ensure the higher education accessibility for all social groups in Great Britain, the tuition fees were complemented with the grants and loans with special repayment (or without) conditions. Nevertheless, the financial reform, started in 1998, already was changed several times and has raised lots of critics.
 Along with the financial reform Great Britain deals with the higher education quality issues. There was no essential discussions about higher education quality in the beginning of the XX century as it was elite higher education. Moving to the mass higher education with variety of institutions and dramatically growing student number, the quality question becomes relevant. Despite the owning the largest number of worldwide level elite universities in Europe, Great Britain seeks to ensure the quality in all higher education institutions in the country. Therefore the Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education was established. The Agency puts students and the public interest at the center of everything they do. Great Britain higher education quality policy is implemented basing on the Quality Code for Higher Education.
7
Prozhiko, Galina Semenovna, and Galina Semyonovna Prozhiko. "Second World War Film Chronicle." Journal of Flm Arts and Film Studies 2, no. 2 (2010): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vgik2221-36.
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The article is a fragment of the book «The Screen of World Documentary», prepared for publication, and deals with the organization of propaganda and the artistic problems of newsreel and documentary film during World War II in the USA, Great Britain and Germany.
8
Buranok, Sergey Olegovich. "Russia electrification plan in the USA and UK press assessment of the 1920-1929." Samara Journal of Science 7, no. 1 (2018): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201871208.
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The following paper deals with the research of the place and value of Russia electrification plan and its reflection in Great Britain and the USA public opinion. The study of information campaign around Russia electrification plan has its specifics and value: first, it gives a chance to establish new, unknown facts; secondly, to determine the level of knowledge of Another (in this case, American) society about the Soviet power; thirdly, to understand what place information about Russia electrification plan took in the USA and Great Britain in the system of the USSR image creation, the image of the Soviet power revolution. This paper uses materials of the USA and Great Britain press about Russia electrification plan. Besides, the author analyzes the image of the Soviet power in the American and British society. The information campaign around Russia electrification plan could report to the world about the Soviet economy achievements as well as promote preparation (in the information plan) to the following large project - industrialization. Articles, reports, notes on Russia electrification plan helped to change the attitude towards Russia / the USSR in the USA and Great Britain and helped to correct the image of the USSR in the world.
9
Zorochkina, Tetiana. "Legal Enforcement of Teacher Education in Great Britain." Comparative Professional Pedagogy 7, no. 4 (2017): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rpp-2017-0052.
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Abstract The article deals with legal enforcement of teacher education in Great Britain. It has been found out that in Great Britain, the sources of education legislation are statutes and acts adopted by British government. All current statutes relating to education are classified either as public or private. Public laws contain general rules, that is, designed for all individuals and for repeated application. They operate throughout the country, addressed to all subjects of educational relations. Private statutes accumulate private norms, which refer to specific legal entities or individuals and contain strictly defined directives for them. They are addressed to a particular country or specific organization or group of individuals. It has been indicated that the system of education legislation in Great Britain in the context of teacher education is provided by a range of legal acts, such as the Education Reform Act of 1988, the Further and Higher Education Act of 1992, by the Teaching and Higher Education Act of 1998, The Education Act 2002, The Education Act of 2005, The Education and Inspections Act of 2006, The Education and Skills Act of 2008, The Education Act of 2011, The Education and Adoption Act 2016, The Higher Education and Research Act 2017 as well as legal acts of European authorities. It has been concluded that the orientation of the content of British legal acts toward quality teacher training should be successfully implemented into Ukrainian education legislation so that the national system of teacher training may be improved. It has been suggested that the prospects for further researchers are seen in studying the legal enforcement of teacher education in leading European countries (Sweden, the Netherlands, Germany, France, Switzerland etc.).
10
Trofymenko, Mykola. "British Council as an Instrument of Public Diplomacy of Great Britain." Історико-політичні проблеми сучасного світу, no. 35-36 (December 20, 2017): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2017.35-36.305-312.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Public diplomacy of Great Britain is one of the most developed in the EU and in the world. The United Kingdom has developed an extremely efficient public diplomacy mechanism which includes BBC World Service (which due to its popularity boosts the reputation and the image of Great Britain), Chevening Scholarships (provides outstanding foreign students with opportunity to study in Great Britain and thus establishes long-lasting relations with public opinion leaders and foreign countries elite) and the British Council, which deals with international diplomatic ties in the field of culture. The British Council is a unique organization. Being technically independent, it actively and efficiently works on consolidating Great Britain’s interests in the world and contributes to the development of public diplomacy in Great Britain. 
 The author studies the efforts of the British Council as a unique public diplomacy tool of the United Kingdom. Special attention is paid to the role of British Council, which is independent of the governing board and at the same time finds itself under the influence of the latter due to the peculiarities of the appointment of Board’s officials, financing etc.
 The author concludes that the British Council is a unique organization established in 1934, which is a non-departmental state body, charitable organization and public corporation, technically independent of the government. The British Council, thanks to its commercial activities covers the lack of public funding caused by the policy of economy conducted by the government. It has good practices in this field worth paying attention by other countries. It is also worth mentioning that the increment in profit was getting higher last year, however the issue of increasing the influence of the government on the activities of British Council is still disputable. Although the Foreign Minister officially reports to the parliament on the activities of the British Council, approves the appointment of the leaders of organizations, the British Council preserves its independence of the government, which makes it more popular abroad, and makes positive influence on the world image of Great Britain. The efficiency of the British Council efforts on fulfillment of targets of the United Kingdom public diplomacy is unquestionable, no matter how it calls its activities: whether it is a cultural relations establishment or a cultural diplomacy implementation.
 Keywords: The British Council, public diplomacy, cultural diplomacy, cultural relations, Foreign Office, Her Majesty’s Government, official assistance for development
11
Spitsyn, Evgeny, and Valentуna Chernysh. "Features of practical pedagogical training future teachers of foreign languages in western europe." Scientific and methodological journal "Foreign Languages", no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32589/1817-8510.2021.3.241162.
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 The article deals with the analysis of the experience of organizing the pedagogical practice of future teachers in Germany and Great Britain. An analytical review of existing documents, which sets out the basic principles of training future teachers in Germany and the United Kingdom. The position of teacher training standards has been studied. The professional competencies of the teachers which are presented in the current standards are described. The peculiarities of the organization of pedagogical practice of future teachers in general and foreign language teachers in particular, in the modern universities of Germany and Great Britain are determined. The types of pedagogical practices introduced in various universities of Germany and Great Britain are characterized. The content and volume of practical training in universities are presented in detail, its goals are specified. Possible ways of implementation the experience of European countries on this issue in higher education in Ukraine have been identified.
 
 
 
12
Novikova, Viktoriya, and Svetlana Ispulova. "Professional Training of Specialists in Social Work: Traditions and Innovations." Social'naja politika i social'noe partnerstvo (Social Policy and Social Partnership), no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pol-01-2007-07.
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The article deals with the system of professional training of social sphere specialists. The authors identified the specifics of training personnel in social service institutions in Russia, France, Great Britain, the United States, and Japan. The results of the conducted empirical research, as well as recommendations for improving the professional training of social professionals, are of interest.
13
Novotný, Antonín, and František Racek. "Some Military Consequences of the United Kingdom's Exit from the European Union." Vojenské rozhledy 30, no. 3 (2021): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3849/2336-2995.30.2021.03.003-026.
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The article deals with some military consequences of the departure of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from the European Union (Brexit). To assess the potential impacts on defence and security of EU, a structured approach involving several methods was used in the analysis, which combines a search of professional publications, factors sensitivity analysis and testing of hypotheses. Based on the analysis, it was evaluated that the departure of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from the structures of the European Union will take place without significant impact in the military field and does not pose an immediate threat to the security and defence of EU member states. Nevertheless, in connection with Brexit, there is still a certain risk of negative impacts in this area.
14
Barinov, Eduard. "Exchanges of foreign countries." Scientific notes of the Russian academy of entrepreneurship 19, no. 2 (2020): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24182/2073-6258-2020-19-2-90-99.
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The article deals with exchanges of a number of foreign countries. The changes that have taken place in this segment of the financial market over the past decades are noted. Data on exchanges in the United States, Great Britain, Canada, Germany, Japan, China and other countries are provided. The mechanism of placement of securities on the exchange market is described.
15
Belmaz, Yaroslava. "CRITERIA OF EFFICIENCY OF HIGHER EDUCATION TEACHERS (US AND GREAT BRITAIN EXPERIENCE)." Scientific journal of Khortytsia National Academy No. 1 (2019), no. 1 (2019): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.51706/2707-3076-2019-1-8.
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The article deals with the work efficiency issue of a higher education teacher. The author analyzes the main criteria for determining the efficiency of a higher education teacher in the US and Great Britain. It is established that a significant amount of research on the effectiveness of teachers’ work is associated with a study of the validity of determining the rating of teachers among students. It was determined that the student rating of teachers is highly correlated with the personal qualities of the teacher, student achievement, student rating and assessment of teachers by the same students after a few years. The author emphasizes that it is impossible to evaluate teaching objectively, based on one source of information. American scientists identify the so-called triad of sources for the effective evaluation of higher education teachers: students, colleagues, and self-evaluation.
16
Valdés, Juan Núñez Valdés. "International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Studies." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Studies 04, no. 12 (2021): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33826/ijmras/v04i12.1.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper deals with the beginnings and historical evolution of Pharmacy studies in Great Britain and on the role played by the first women who practiced the profession there, The circumstances of that time, which made it very difficult for a woman to work in that area, the biography of the first English woman licensed in Pharmacy, Fanny Deacon, and the biographies of the women who followed her as graduates in Pharmacy in Great Britain are commented, detailing not only their personal data but also the impact they had on the evolution and development of Pharmacy studies in their country. These women were Alice Vickery, Isabella Skinner Clarke, Margaret Elizabeth Buchanan, Rose Coombes Minshull, and Agnes Thompson Borrowman. The main objective of the paper is to reveal the figures of these first women in Pharmacy in Great Britain to society, To do this, the methodology used has been usual in researches of this type: search of data on these women in bibliographical and computer sources, as well as in historic archives. As the main results, the biographies of these pioneers pharmacist women mentioned above have been elaborated.
17
Orlyk, Viktoriia. "The main trends in the formation of the Great Britain’s foreign policy after Brexit." European Historical Studies, no. 18 (2021): 38–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2021.18.04.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article deals with the peculiarities of forming the new trends in the British foreign policy, due to the results of the referendum on Brexit and the country’s withdrawal from the European Union. Formation of the strategic priorities for the UK foreign policy course is becoming one of the most important tasks for the political, diplomatic and expert circles. The refusal to develop a common foreign policy of the EU as a result of Brexit, sets the essential challenge for Britain: to maintain existing influence and allied relations with continental European states (primarily, due to the strengthening of bilateral relations and the preservation of the Euro-Atlantic alliance), and at the same time to establish itself as an independent center of influence, not limited to the collective will of the EU. The main provisions of the “Global Britain” concept, presented in 2016 as the doctrinal basis of the foreign policy dimension of Brexit, are analyzed. The most significant of them are the next: the promotion of the UK`s economic and security interests around the world as the basis of foreign and security policy; alliance with the United States as a major foreign policy and security priority; rethinking the partnership with the EU and giving it a new depth in the name of protecting the international order and common values; the development of cooperation within the Commonwealth to strengthen Britain’s international presence and global influence. The author identifies the key foreign policy positions of London, which are not reflected in the concept presently, but will be of key importance for the European and global securities in the short and medium terms. The positions of leading regional and world players are analyzed, the risks of aggravation of relations with Russia and China are assessed. It is summarized that because of the new global threats and risks (first of all COVID-19 pandemic and its global impact and economic consequences) the “Global Britain” concept is still in its forming.
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Perry, Yaron. "German Mission in Abyssinia: Wilhelm Staiger from Baden, 1835–1904." Aethiopica 11 (April 26, 2012): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.11.1.143.
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This article deals with the story of the Christian mission among the Jews of Ethiopia during the 1860s as related in the memoirs of the German missionary, Wilhelm Staiger, publicised here for the first time. Staiger who had, together with scores of other European missionaries, become caught up in the political turmoil between Great Britain and Teodoros, King of Ethiopia, describes the affair in the first person.
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Yerokhin, Vladimir. "CELTIC FRINGES AND CENTRAL POWER IN GREAT BRITAIN: HISTORY AND MODERNITY." Izvestia of Smolensk State University, no. 1 (49) (May 26, 2020): 226–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2020-49-1-226-244.
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The article deals with history of interrelations between political centre and Celtic fringes of Great Britain in modern and contemporary times. As soon as nationalist movements in Celtic fringes became more active from the mid 1960s, the need appeared to analyze the history of interrelations between central
 power and Celtic regions in order to understand causes of Celtic people’s striving for obtaining more rights and even state independence. The article ascertains that attitude of central power to Celtic fringes was complicated by ethno-cultural differences between Englishmen and Celtic people, which resulted in discrimination of Scotland, Wales and Ireland by London's policy towards Celtic regions. Since British industrialization evolved the central power in Great Britain, it created conditions for balanced comprehensive
 development of industrial economy only in English counties, whereas Celtic regions were permitted to develop only branches of economic activity which were non-competitive to English business. The level of people’s income in Celtic fringes was always lower than in English parts of Great Britain. There was an
 established practice that English business dominated in Celtic regions and determined the economic development of Celtic regions. The English as distinct from Celts had prior opportunities to be engaged on more prestigious and highly paid positions. Celtic population’s devotion to preservation of their culture
 and ethno-cultural identity found expression in religious sphere so that Nonconformity and Presbyterianism accordingly dominated among Welshmen and Scotsmen. Political movements in Celtic fringes put forward ethno-cultural demands
 rather than social class ones in their activities.
 During the first half of the XX century the opposition between Celtic fringes and central power in Great Britain showed that in parliamentary elections Celtic population gave their votes mainly for the members of Labour Party. From the mid-1960s nationalist movements in Celtic fringes became more active. They began to make slogans of political independence. The author of the
 article comes to conclusion that interrelations of central power in Great Britain towards Celtic fringes can be adequately described by notions of I. Wallerstein’s world-system analysis and M. Hechter's model of internal colonialism.
20
Roček, Michal, Vladimír Jůva, and Kateřina Jakubcová. "The Organisation of Formal Education of Fencing Coaches in Hungary, Great Britain and the Czech Republic." Studia sportiva 15, no. 2 (2021): 61–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/sts2021-2-6.
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The paper deals with formal educational programmes for fencing coaches in Hungary, Great Britain and the Czech Republic. Based on a content analysis of mainly curricular documents, we were able to identify and describe similarities and differences in approaches to coach education. They were apparent primarily on the legislative, organisational and content level. The research shows that the road to coaching excellence takes a different length of time in different countries. It is even in sharp contrast to formal licence education of some fencing federations when it comes to a bachelor study programme. Differences were also found in the approach towards the organisation of practical training. The more traditionally designed education of coaches in Hungary and the Czech Republic differed from the education in Great Britain from a philosophical and content point of view, specifically in topics such as the application of soft skills and setting, planning and assessment of goals in coaches´ practice.
21
Schweitzer, Vladimir. "USSR and Germany: on the Way to June 22, 1941." Contemporary Europe 99, no. 6 (2020): 202–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/soveurope62020202213.
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The article deals with the Soviet-German relations in the period of 1939‒1941. It is shoun that after signing of the Munich agreements in September, 1938, Germany generally defined its strategy of pressure on countries that fit into the Hitler’s concept of "Push to the East". Its victims in 1935 were Czechoslovakia and Poland. After the German occupation of Czechoslovakia, Great Britain and France sought to review the "policy of appeasement" of Hitler and were ready to join the USSR in the search for ways to prevent Hitler's expansion. However, the inconsistency and contradictoriness of this "change of milestones" strengthened the position of the Soviet leadership in favour of reaching agreements with Germany. The summer of 1939 was the apotheosis of fruitless negotiations between the "Troika" (the USSR, Great Britain and France), which objectively prompted Moscow to accept the German proposal for fundamentally new bilateral agreements (the Pact of August 23, 1939). Subsequent events up to June 22, 1941 showed the unreliability of agreements with Nazism, facilitated the fleeting victory of Germany over Poland and France, and the actual isolation of Great Britain. Hitler's attack on the Soviet Union did not remove from the Soviet leadership the historical guilt of being unprepared for war with fascism, for the colossal human and territorial losses of the first stage of the Great Patriotic War
22
Shevchenko, Oleg K. "Foreign Internet Archives on the Yalta Conference: Revisiting the Theory of ‘Communication Power’: The National Archives (TNA) (Great Britain)." Herald of an archivist, no. 3 (2018): 750–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2018-3-750-760.
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The article deals with the problems of uploading archival materials on the Yalta conference to open-source websites. The author focuses on the UK experience. The significance of studying open-source archival documents as historical sources is not of purely archival or, rather, source-studies nature, but has a serious political background. The author demonstrates the potential of publication of the ‘Yalta-1945’ archival documents for solving important issues connected to geopolitical interests of various states. The textual analysis of documents and detailed analysis of their structure allow to conclude that national scholars can now access foreign documents on the ‘Yalta-1945,’ and yet they should beware of the ‘communication power’ technologies used by the United States and Great Britain. The author analyzes key series of English-language documents available on The National Archives official website. There are available on-line various catalogues, files descriptions, etc. Great Britain has uploaded a great number of digitized documents and microfilms on Yalta-1945. Most of these are open-sourced. Studying these documents adds to our knowledge of the Yalta Conference and allows to conduct a cross-sectional analysis of documents on the ‘Yalta-1945’ in the United States, Great Britain, and the USSR. However, the way documents are placed and presented and the nature of tools created for primary generalization of the documentation allow to assert that the authorities attempt to manipulate the public conscience.
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Arsen, Kambiev. "Anti-bolshevik statehood in the North Caucasus and Transcaucasia in 1918-1921: comparative analysis of modern historiography." Kavkazologiya 2022, no. 4 (2022): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31143/2542-212x-2022-4-129-137.
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The article deals with the problems associated with state construction on the territory of the for-mer Caucasian viceroyalty of the Russian Empire in 1918-1921. The analysis of state formations is given according to several criteria by which one or another new formation on the territory of the Russian Caucasus could or could not be considered a state. Based on the results of a brief study, conclusions are drawn that some of the limitrophe could be called states, and some did not fit this definition well enough. The emphasis is on insufficient internal resources to build a full-fledged state. It is pointed out that the new statehood could not exist without decisive external support, initially from the German and The Ottoman Empire, and then Great Britain. Ultimately, it is con-cluded that the external side, in this case Great Britain, was not sufficiently interested in preserv-ing and merging the new statehood in the Caucasus, unlike the same situation in the Baltic States.
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فيصل عبد الوهــــــــــــــــــاب, رغد. "بريطانيا دراسة في الأوضاع السياسية والاقتصادية الداخلية 1964-1970". Journal of Education College Wasit University 1, № 29 (2018): 194–225. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/eduj.vol1.iss29.151.
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Britain has a great political and economic weight among the European nations. This importance increased since the end of World War II for several reasons in this period. In fact the field of research and according to many historians is the richest in historical writings. This study deals with the political and economic situation in Britain. A study of historical period between (1964- 1970) is an attempt to discuss these developments of an era, since it did not take the appropriate position in academic studies, this study is to fill part of this void. The British labor party took control from 1964 to 1970, which represents an important era under Harold Wilson. Britain went through a political and economic setbacks under the Conservative Party which to withdraw from the cabinet and by 1964 he became the Labor Party’s prime minister. .Things did not go as planned by the organizers of power in Britain and the economic crisis worsened for over six years,
 which had already been the focus of a test for politicians in Britain .This forced the Labor Party to loose elections in 1970 and the Conservatives regained power again.
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Alifanoviene, Daiva, Odeta Sapelyte, Kristina Rudytė, and Rita Orska. "THE ANALYSIS OF CONTEXTS OF STRESS EXPERIENCED BY SOCIAL WELFARE PROFESSIONALS: EXPERIENCE OF LITHUANIA, LATVIA AND GREAT BRITAIN." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 3 (May 25, 2018): 203–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2018vol1.3244.
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The article deals with stress experienced by social welfare professionals in different sociocultural context. The comparison of inter-professional stressogenity shows that the greatest stress is experienced by the representatives of social sphere professions (as social workers, pedagogues). The main aim of the article is to disclose the contexts of stress experienced by social welfare professionals in Baltic countries (Lithuania and Latvia) and Great Britain. Profesionals' experiences were analysed employing the qualitative approach (semi-structured written interview was used). Reconstructing the context of the stress experienced by specialists of social welfare professions of these countries, certain differences showed up.
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Lobotka, Peter, Marek Magát, and Juraj Žilinský. "The Measurement of Pressures on the Cube Model in VZLU in Prague and BLWT Bratislava." Advanced Materials Research 855 (December 2013): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.855.145.
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This paper deals with experimental measurement of pressures on the cube made in the wind tunnel of Aerospace Research and Test Establishment (VZLU) in Prague Letnany and calibrating the wind tunnel of Faculty of Civil Engineering in the Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava. The basis for the construction of the cube model in 1:30 scale was the cube in-situ with dimensions of 6 m in Great Britain in town called Silsoe. It describes the scope and application in practice.
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Sergeev, Evgeny. "Anglo-Soviet Relations in the Context of the Baltic Problem, 1918–1922." Lithuanian Historical Studies 21, no. 1 (2017): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/25386565-02101004.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The paper deals with the main trends in relations between Great Britain and Soviet Russia in the context of the ‘Baltic problem’, which emerged on the international agenda right after the collapse of the Russian Empire, in the process of the Bolsheviks assuming power and conducting a war against the Whites, the troops of the Entente, and the armies of the new independent states. The author focuses on subsequent stages in the decision-making process, and actual steps taken by London and Moscow with regard to the three new east Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, taking the latter as a special case. In conclusion, a transition can be traced from the first attempts by Britain to guarantee mere self-governing status for the countries in question, to full recognition of their independence, supported by the Bolshevik government, which, however, opposed the emergence of the Baltic League (or Federation) under the indirect patronage of Britain supported by the League of Nations.
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Burmistrova, E. S., and A. A. Chuprikova. "FAR-RIGHT POLITICAL FORCES OF THE USA AND GREAT BRITAIN: IN SEARCH OF ANSWERS TO THREATS TO NATIONAL IDENTITY." Вестник Удмуртского университета. Социология. Политология. Международные отношения 3, no. 3 (2019): 339–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2587-9030-2019-3-3-339-351.
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The article attempts to analyze the rhetoric and methods of promoting the ideas of far-right groups in the United States of America and Great Britain in the context of immigration processes and the multiculturalism policy connected with them. The authors draw attention to the tendency that right-wing radical groups hold different positions: from moderate to most radical. The focus of the study is on comparing the tactics and discourse of such organizations whose degrees of radicalism differ because of their positions on the problem of national identity. The study attempts to highlight the activities of previously unexplored right-wing radical groups in the United States and Great Britain. The focus is on “Proud Guys” and “Generation of Identity”, trying to create a socially acceptable image; Richard Spencer and Tomi Robinson, who are trying on the image of extreme right-wing leaders; Andrew Anglin and members of "National Action", who occupy ultra right positions in expressing their views. The study deals with a massive selection of sources: mass media materials, statistical reports of public organizations and accessible official resources of right-wing forces. The authors conclude that the modern far-right associations of the USA and Great Britain are similar on the agenda and in its implementation. The main enemies of the right radicals are immigrants, Muslims, Jews and feminists. In this sense, adepts of such ideas constitute a threat to the stability of a democratic society.
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Dunaeva, Yulia. "THE "AWAKENING" OF THE WOMAN IN MODERN ENGLAND." Istoriya: Informatsionno-analiticheskii Zhurnal, no. 1 (2021): 94–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/rhist/2021.01.03.
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The review deals with the works of Russian authors on gender history, or rather, on the history of women in Great Britain in the 17th - 19th centuries. Basically, these are biographical articles in which the formation of the female «I» is put forward in the first place, the awakening of creative or scientific self-consciousness is shown; the formation and development of their life principles is traced. The authors turned to the lives of women of different social strata: from high society representatives to female models.
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Borodavkina, N. V. "Olga Novikov, through the Eyes of Her Contemporaries." Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations 12, no. 2 (2012): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2012-12-2-58-64.
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The article deals with the life and activity of Russian writer and publicist Olga Novikov, who lived in London in the second half of the XIX century. Special attention is given to Olga Novikov’s relationship with the eminent British statesmen and intellectuals, particularly with the leader of the Liberal party W. Gladstone. The author analyses the views of Olga Novikov’s contemporaries on the role she played in the social and political life of Great Britain and in the development of the Anglo-Russian relations.
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Mikheiev, Andrii. "THE EVOLUTION OF UKRAINE’S IMAGE IN GREAT BRITAIN DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR." Kyiv Historical Studies, no. 1 (2020): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2524-0757.2020.1.3.
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Every nation needs an external assistance if it hopes to gain and build its own state. However, such support is not possible without some well-formed image of this country or territory in the intellectual and political circles of the state that demonstrates nation fighting for independence. Therefore, it seems important to trace the evolution of Ukraine’s image in the intellectual discourse of one of the most powerful countries in the world, namely the United Kingdom. The article deals with the evolution of the image of Ukraine in the intellectual discourse of the British Empire during the First World War. The analysis is based upon a wide range of English-language sources, primarily scientific works of English-speaking intellectuals of the British Empire of that time, who tried to analyse the current situation in Cental and Eastern Europe (J. Raffalovich, A. Toynbee, R. Seton-Watson) and also Ukrainian emigrants, who wanted to inform British public with the Ukrainian vision of events (V. Stepankivsky). All this happened against the backdrop of the attempts of the representatives of the Ukrainian national liberation movement to convey their position to the world, as well as the competition of other states and politically ideological concepts for the right to control Ukrainian lands. Changes in the perceptions of the British intellectuals about Ukraine are influenced by various geopolitical factors, and a general assessment of the awareness of the British elites about the Ukrainian issue is made.
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Ahn, Suntai. "Comparative Political Finance Among the Five Democratic States: The United States, Great Britain, Australia, Japan, and South Korea." Korean Journal of Policy Studies 16, no. 2 (2002): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps16203.
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This study of comparative political fiancé deals primarily with how campaign money is regulated in five democratic states which include the United States, Great Britain, Australia, Japan, and South Korea. One central theme that can be detected in all the countries examined is that there is an universal trend towards consideration of the public funding of the electionerring process, with the United States leading the pack with a successful implementation of the public financing of its presidential elections since 1976. Japan and Korea are considered relatively newcomers in joining the ranks emerging democracies but both countries are certainly making valiant attempts at reforming their systems of campaign finances to ensure more transparency and accountability.
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هاني زامل مهنا العبدلي, هاني زامل مهنا العبدلي. "Diplomatic Relations between Yemen and the united kingdom in the reign of Imam Ahmad Hamidualdin (1948-1962)." journal of King Abdulaziz University Arts And Humanities 28, no. 14 (2020): 187–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/art.28-14.5.
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this paper deals with the Anglo Yemeni diplomatic relations in the time of Imam Ahmed Hami dualdin. This relation was governed by tow deferent contradicted aspects: 1- the desperate need of Imam Ahmed to the British support 2- the claim of the Yemen government over Aden and the British protectorate. A descriptive and analytical historical method was used to reach a fair understanding to such relations. The study concluded that the political circumstances which Prevailed in Yemen at that time forces Imam Ahmed to use that kind of policy toward Great Britain.
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Pasztor, Maria. "Sprawa statku „Hel” w relacjach polsko-belgijskich w 1955 roku." Prace Historyczne 149, no. 1 (2022): 195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20844069ph.22.010.14623.
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The case of the “Hel” ship in Polish-Belgian relations in 1955 The article deals with the Polish-Belgian legal dispute (1955) over the legality of the arrest imposed on the Polish “Hel” ship in Antwerp. The detention of the ship resulted from previous rulings of the courts of the United Kingdom of Great Britain made enforceable by the Belgian judiciary. The Polish authorities tried to transfer the legal dispute to the political and diplomatic level. This led to a Polish-Belgian “war of notes” and the degradation of relations between Warsaw and Brussels.
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Nielsen, Jens Petter. "At the Sources of Norway’s Foreign Policy Orientation: the Part Played by the November Treaty of 1855." ISTORIYA 12, no. 7 (105) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840016485-2.
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This article deals with the background for the November treaty of 1855 between Great Britain and France on the one hand, and the United kingdoms of Sweden and Norway on the other. The November treaty explicitly pointed to Russia as a potential aggressor against Norway and Sweden and offered these states protection by the two Western Powers. The author elucidates the prerequisites for the conclusion of the treaty, and its role as a first step in Norway’s orientation between East and West — and a foreboding of independent Norway’s foreign policy (from 1905).
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Buryan, Mykhailo, and Mariia Buryan. "South Caucasus in the plans of the warring parties on the eve of the Crimean War (1853–1856)." Bulletin of Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, no. 4 (342) (2021): 84–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/2227-2844-2021-4(342)-84-98.
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This article deals with topical issues related to the analysis of the international situation that developed on the European continent, in the South Caucasus, in Asia Minor on the eve of the Crimean War (1853–1856). Special attention is paid to the geopolitical plans of Great Britain, France, Austria, and the Ottoman Empire in relation to the South Caucasus region, where the Russian Empire was quite strong at that time. As a result of the victorious Russo-Iranian (1804–1813) and Russo-Turkish (1806–1812) Wars, The Russian Empire controlled the territory of almost the entire Caucasus region, which could not but worry London, because this threatened the British presence in India-a colonial Pearl that Great Britain was not going to lose. British analysts warned their government about the danger from the Russian Empire, and the Western press supported them in this. France joined the anti-Russian coalition, pursuing its own goals. London and Paris have made efforts to get Vienna to stand up to Russia as well. As a result of the upcoming war, the countries of the South Caucasus (Georgia, Armenia, Circassian, etc.) were to fall under the Protectorate of Turkey and Great Britain. The author draws attention to the fact that there were several plans to start a war against the Russian Empire, in each of which a significant role was assigned to the Crimean Peninsula, the military-political and strategic importance of which does not lose its weight today, especially against the background of the tense situation in the black and Azov seas in our time.
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Barmin, V. A. "Soviet Opposition to British Expansion in Xinjiang Province during the Period of National Movement of Indigenous Peoples in 1931–1934." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 24, no. 1 (2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2022-24-1-1-9.
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The article deals with the development of international relations in Central Asia in the 1930s. The research featured the relationship between England and the Soviet Union during the uprising of the indigenous peoples of Xinjiang against the Chinese administration in 1931–1934. The analysis involved recent publications and archival sources. The research clarifies the historical picture of the confrontation between Great Britain and the Soviet Union in Central Asia. London made persistent attempts to establish its control over the rebel movement in order to gain economic and political influence in the province, which it had lost in the 1920s. However, the reciprocal actions of the Soviet government proved effective and completely deprived Britain of any serious prospects in that region. The confrontation, its forms, methods, and results affected the entire complex of international relations in Central Asia. The conflict became the final episode of the Great Game, which later determined the predominant position of the Soviet Union in Central Asia. Contrary to the opinion of many western researchers, the USSR never intended to annex the territory of Xinjiang. The research summarizes the history of international relations in Central Asia.
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Janicki, Joel J. "Forgotten Books: On the Making of Jane Porter’s "Thaddeus of Warsaw"." Bibliotekarz Podlaski Ogólnopolskie Naukowe Pismo Bibliotekoznawcze i Bibliologiczne 47, no. 2 (2020): 309–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36770/bp.485.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This article attempts to identify and examine some of the factors and sources that led to the creation of a largely forgotten prose work of English fiction titled Thaddeus of Warsaw (1803) which became an immediate and extraordinary success. Jane Porter’s novel deals with a fictitious Polish patriot Thaddeus Sobieski, who is modelled on the Polish national hero Tadeusz Kosciuszko. The novel presents an excellent illustration of the cultural links between Great Britain and Poland towards the end of the 18th century and constitutes a cautionary tale for Porter’s English readers, one that creates a basis for moral reform and political engagement.
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Parsons, I. "Feldspars defined and described: a pair of posters published by the Mineralogical Society. Sources and supporting information." Mineralogical Magazine 74, no. 3 (2010): 529–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2010.074.3.529.
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AbstractThe Mineralogical Society of Great Britain & Ireland has published two full-colour posters describing the feldspar minerals, designed primarily for student use. They may be downloaded free of charge by all from http://www.minersoc.org/pages/education/edu.html and are designed to be printed at A3 size, although they are legible at A4 and in greyscale. Sheet 1 deals with nomenclature, crystal structure and phase relationships, while Sheet 2 covers phase behaviour. For brevity no sources are given on the posters, and these are provided in the present article, together with supporting notes and suggested reading on the more complex topics.
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Наквакина, Екатерина, and Yekatyerina Nakvakina. "Variances in the development of justice: com parative analysis of the leading Western court systems." Comparative Research In Law and Politics 2, no. 1 (2014): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/5075.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article deals with the problem of differences in the structure and functioning of court systems in the certain countries. Examples of these differences trace to the Ancient and Medieval history. Some model of explanation is proposed. Differences and interpretation of them are demonstrated concerning the contemporary court systems of the leading Western countries, including Great Britain, France, the USA, Germany, Scandinavian countries. The author concludes that reception of this or that foreign experience concerning Russian court system must be very carefully based upon full comparativist analysis touching not only comparative law, but comparative state studying and comparative political science.
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Labutina, Tatyana. "Great Britain and Russia on the Way to Restoring Diplomatic Relations (1720–1731)." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 4 (2021): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640016152-5.
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The article deals with the process of restoring diplomatic relations between Great Britain and Russia in the first third of the 18th century. England was the first country with which Russia established diplomatic relations 465 years ago. During this time, the countries have passed a difficult and thorny path of interaction. Often there were open military conflicts between them, and sometimes it simply came to the severance of diplomatic relations. One of these events occurred in the reign of Peter I on 14 December in 1720 year. Although diplomatic relations were interrupted, trade between the states continued to develop. The trade volume was reduced due to political tensions, which caused significant damage to the economy of England. In this regard, the British began to take active steps to establish diplomatic relations. The analysis of the correspondence between two British diplomats, T. Ward and C. Rondeau, and the Secretary of State of Great Britain, first undertaken in historical science, the author concludes that it was England that initiated the restoration of diplomatic relations, primarily to strengthen the position of the English merchants in Russia. The analysis of the ambassadors' dispatches gives valuable insights as to the strategy and tactics of the British Foreign Office in relation to Russia during the reign of Anna Ioannovna, as well as the motives that guided the diplomats involved in the preparatory process of establishing relations between the countries. The correspondence of the diplomats provides an opportunity to get acquainted with both their official and “secret” intelligence activities, which allows the author identify the true intentions of British diplomacy: to comprehensively study a potential rival which the British imagined Russia to be. It is also of great interest to learn more about how their mission went, what impressions they got from their visit to our country, what assessments they made about the top officials in the administration of the Russian Empire, as well as about the Russian people in general.
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Logvynenko, M. I., and M. G. Shunko. "Comparative characteristics of intellectual property judges: Ukraine, United Kingdom, USA." Legal horizons, no. 23 (2020): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/legalhorizons.2020.i23.p107.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article deals with the comparative characterization of specialized courts for the protection of intellectual property rights in Ukraine and developed foreign countries, such as Great Britain and the USA. The article deals with the historical background of the creation of a specialized court on intellectual property in Ukraine, as well as the legal systems in the field of protection of intellectual property rights of Great Britain and the USA, the analysis and consideration of the current judicial systems – in the consideration of civil and criminal cases in the field of intellectual property. property, litigation of the patent authorities of England and Wales, types of specialized courts and their unique procedural features. The nuances and practice of law enforcement activities of judges in the United States, the types and levels of penalties in civil and criminal cases, as well as the divergence of lawsuits and pre-trial procedural arrangements are outlined. The article reveals the similarity of the UK and US legal systems with those currently in force in Ukraine in dealing with intellectual property cases. The identified deficiencies relate to territorial inaccessibility, instances of inconsistency, and imperfection of the judicial system, as well as the defects of the national intellectual property and legal frameworks in place in comparison with the United Kingdom and the United States of America in the field of intellectual property. After researching and analyzing the intellectual property rights protection systems of leading countries in the world, such as England and the United States of America, the conclusions were clearly drawn as to the advisability of setting up a specialized court on intellectual property in Ukraine and the risks involved.
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Dubonos, P. V., S. S. Misyulin, and D. A. Borisov. "Perspectives self-regulation in the sphere of medicine - second wind." Russian competition law and economy, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32686/2542-0259-2018-1-54-61.
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The article deals with the practice, problems and prospects of the Institute of self-reg- ulation in the field of private medicine. The experience is Great Britain and France in the field of self-regulation. The assessment of the key provisions of the Concept of im- proving the system of self-regulation in the Russian Federation, approved by the order of the government of the Russian Federation of December 30 2015 № 2776-p, and the bill on amendments to the Federal law "About the self-regulating organizations" pre- pared in pursuance of the order President of the Russian Federation of October 13, 2017№ PR-2071.
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Adler (Cohen), Raya. "The Tenants of Wadi Hawarith: Another View of the Land Question in Palestine." International Journal of Middle East Studies 20, no. 2 (1988): 197–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800033936.
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Zionist historiography of the Mandatory period accords a considerable place to the problem of land purchase and colonization. In the early 1930s, the Zionists feared that Britain would put restrictions on land purchase and that great difficulties would ensue from ordinances designed to protect the tenantcultivators in the event of eviction. The historian's eye has also been caught by the ambivalent position of the Arab national leadership which, while publicly demanding an end to Zionist expansion, privately continued to sell land to the Jews. But the literature hardly deals with the tenants themselves—the human center of the land debates and the subjects of considerable social interest in themselves.
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Woolrych, Austin. "Dating Milton's History of Britain." Historical Journal 36, no. 4 (1993): 929–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00014576.
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When I had the pleasure of reviewing Nicholas von Maltzahn's study of Milton's History of Britain, I had nothing but praise for the scholarship he brought to the whole intellectual background of the work, and for his judicious placing of it in the Miltonic canon. His book gives an excellent account of the state of British historiography in the first half of the seventeenth century, and shows how Milton's essentially humanist and literary conception of what a history should be, and his exclusive interest in narrative sources, made him already out of date in his method at a time when Spelman and Selden were pioneering a recognizably modern form of historical scholarship. He carefully traces the development of Milton's ambition to write a great national history, explaining why his first conception of a verse epic, singing the heroic past, gave way to that of a lofty prose narrative that would culminate in a celebration of God's presence with his elect nation in the struggle for religious and civil liberty in his own time. He deals fully and learnedly with the influences upon the style and content of the History, from Sallust (Milton's favourite exemplar) and Tacítus through Bacon (possibly) to the preachers of the Fast Sermons before the Long Parliament. He is illuminating about the close association in Milton's mind between eloquence and virtue, and about the ways in which his beliefs about the operation of divine providence modified his predominantly classical approach to the writing of history. He is thoroughly informative about the textual history of the work, and especially about the fragment published in 1681 as Mr John Miltons Character of the Long Parliament, whose editor he convincingly identifies as the arch-Tory Roger L'Estrange.
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Bolshakova, Olga. "Исследования Pоссии/СССР и стран Восточной Европы после холодной войны: новое лицо дисциплины". Roczniki Humanistyczne 69, № 7 (2021): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rh21697-3.
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The paper deals with the new developments in the field of Russian and East European studies (REES) after the end of the Cold war, with the focus on the U.S. and Great Britain. Along with organizational and structural changes in the field special attention is devoted to new subjects and trends in the study of the region, with Belarus as a case study. Research in this field began in the 90s and has been booming since the 2000s. Researchers are primarily interested in the history of the country, political science, anthropology, and literary studies. The formation of an international community of researchers allows us to conclude that previously “Western” discipline of REES is gaining a global character.
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Alfaruqi, Farhana, and Andi Prastowo. "Perkembangan Asuransi Syariah di Inggris." AL-Muqayyad 4, no. 2 (2021): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.46963/jam.v4i2.467.
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Great Britain is a country where the majority of the population is non-Muslim, but the development of Islamic banking and finance is very good. This is evidenced by the operation of six full Islamic banks and sixteen banks that serve Islamic windows. Sukuk transactions for investors also increased as evidenced by increased demand on the London Stock Exchange with a total of £51 billion. Likewise with takaful products, the UK reinsurance market that deals in Islamic finance. As one of the largest insurance markets in the world, and a leading global center for wholesale insurance and reinsurance, the UK has the potential to support the growth of the takaful business in the years to come.
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Kiessling, Nicolas. "Anthony Wood and the Catholics." Recusant History 30, no. 1 (2010): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034193200012656.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Anthony Wood (1632–1695), the Oxford biographer and historian, was accused of being a ‘papist’ from the early 1670s until his death on 29 November 1695. These accusations were given credence because Wood had many Catholic friends and acquaintances; had a genuine affection for manuscripts and monuments of the pre-reformation past; wrote bio-bibliographies of many noteworthy Catholics who were graduates of Oxford colleges or were associated with the university; had a view of the reformation that Gilbert Burnet, later the bishop of Salisbury, saw as ‘unseemly’; and never joined any campaign against Catholics before or after James II reigned in Great Britain. This essay deals with Wood's relationships with Catholics and his attitude towards Catholicism.
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Alifanovienė, Daiva, Odeta Šapelytė, and Darius Gerulaitis. "RECONSTRUCTION OF THE CONTEXT OF COPING WITH OCCUPATIONAL STRESS EXPERIENCED BY SPECIALISTS OF SOCIAL WELFARE PROFESSIONS IN SOCIALLY AND CULTURALLY DIVERSE ENVIRONMENT." SOCIAL WELFARE: INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH 2, no. 8 (2019): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21277/sw.v2i8.403.
Texte intégralRésumé :
<p>The article deals with the reconstruction of the context of coping with occupational stress experienced by social welfare specialists in different socio-cultural environments. It is aimed to reveal the contexts of the possibilities to cope with stress and of consequences of stress experienced by specialists of social welfare professions of Lithuania and <em>Great Britain</em> (N=10). The professionals’ experience was analysed using a qualitative data collection method (semi-structured <em>interview</em>), employing open-ended questions by the assessment areas foreseen by the researchers and formulated upon the analysis of scientific literature and the authors’ research, disclosing the peculiarities of experienced occupational stress and possibilities of coping with it. The research data were analysed employing the content analysis method, using the open coding procedure; validation of the research data was performed using an expert method. Reconstruction of the multilayered context of socio-cultural diversity of social welfare specialists of Lithuanian and Great Britain highlighted ambiguous semantics of stress coping possibilities: the success of coping with occupational stress possibly depends on the interaction between the variables of a personality (intrapersonal) and social environment (interpersonal). Stressful situations affect both personally and professionally, causing changes in specialists’ emotions, cognitive activity, behaviour, aggravating relationships with colleagues and reducing work efficiency.</p>
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Mirzoeva, Svetlana G., Elena Kh Apazheva, and Natalya S. Lavrova. "The Czechoslovak national tragedy of the 1938 year." Vestnik of North-Ossetian State University, no. 2(2021) (June 25, 2021): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/1994-7720-2021-2-50-58.
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The article deals with the problem of the internal situation in Czechoslovakia, its political and economic development in the specified period. Particular attention is paid to the efforts of Czechoslovakia aimed at preventing the division of the country. The leadership of Czechoslovakia entered into international treaties, strengthened the state’s defenses, and modernized the army. The article also touches upon the international relations of Germany, Great Britain, France, Italy on the further fate of Czechoslovakia in the second half of the 30s. XX century. The leadership of Czechoslovakia and its president Edvard Beneš felt the threat looming over the country from Germany, so they took certain steps to preserve the integrity of the Czechoslovak republic. The reform of the army began in the country, it was modernized, equipped with new equipment, weapons, aviation. A new line of fortifications was built along the borders. The diplomatic department of Czechoslovakia was also not idle. Consultations were constantly held with the USSR, Great Britain, France and Germany on the issue of preserving the country’s sovereignty, international treaties were concluded on assistance in the event of an attack by a third party. But, despite all these efforts, at the end of September 1938, Czechoslovakia was divided by force, the Sudetenland was torn away from it, fascist troops were brought into the country, and the leaders of the state were leaders of the fascist party. All these changes were enshrined in an international treaty - the Munich Agreement. Germany, Italy, France and Great Britain took part in its signing. Representatives of the Czechoslovak Republic were not even invited to the conference. The Czechoslovak side was familiarized with the terms of the agreement only after their adoption. Czechoslovakia could not in any way influence the decisions of Hitler, Mussolini, Deladier and Chamberlain. As a result, throughout the Second World War, Czechoslovakia existed as two separate parts: the Protecto-rate of Bohemia and Moravia and the Slovak Republic.