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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Danes – Virgin Islands – History »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Danes – Virgin Islands – History"

Østegaard Hansen, Pernille. « "Let's Put the Background to the Foreground" - nostalgi, turisme og iscenesættelse af en dansk kolonial fortid på de tidligere vestindiske øer ». Slagmark - Tidsskrift for idéhistorie, n^o 75 (30 mai 2017) : 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/slagmark.v0i75.124139.

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“LET’S PUT THE BACKGROUND TO THE FOREGROUND” - NOSTALGIA, TOURISM AND THE EVOCATION OF A DANISH COLONIAL PAST ON U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS When Denmark in 1917 sold the West Indies to the United States, official Danish colonialism came to an end. However, the transfer of the islands did not break Danish ties to its former colony. Instead, a group of Danish companies on the islands materialised the idea of an affective bond between the former colony and Motherland. Accordingly, ‘Island Danes’ on and off the islands expressed productive nostalgia and contributed to the creation of a space for tourism on the islands in the decades after 1917. For returnees to Denmark the nostalgia was often amplified. Through their heavy involvement in memory work, they came to form the national-romantic narrative of the colonial past in Danish public memory. Moreover, their efforts to remember – and remind Danes of - the history of Denmark on the islands, became entangled with the islands’ tourism strategy – developed by an inspired Danish tourist chief, and effected in part by the associations Friends of Denmark and The Danish West Indian Society. This way, by reproducing the past and staging a Danish culture on the islands, they indirectly attempted to take ownership over the history of the islands.

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Neff, J. E., D. K. Allen, D. M. Aurin, T. S. Boyajian, P. Crowther, K. Davis, D. M. Drost et al. « The Virgin Islands telescope : history and status ». Astronomische Nachrichten 325, n^o 6-8 (octobre 2004) : 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asna.200410283.

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Reifschneider, Meredith. « Danish Colonial Healthcare Policy, St. Croix, Virgin Islands ». Itinerario 43, n^o 02 (août 2019) : 305–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115319000287.

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Abstract(Post)colonial scholarship in recent decades has undergone methodological and conceptual revisions and scholars have increasingly adopted the premise that social and political transformations are the product of both global and local struggles. The goal of this paper is to position healthcare as an “imperial force field” by focusing on the development of a colonial healthcare system in the nineteenth-century Danish West Indies. I argue that challenging seemingly self-evident concepts such as healthcare forces us to recognise that interventionist healthcare was contested and negotiated at multiple levels. This paper mobilises archival and archaeological research from a plantation hospital at Estate Cane Garden, St. Croix, Virgin Islands, to provide a context for interrogating the practical negotiations of colonial healthcare policy. While colonial administrative documents and physician reports depict a rather narrow range of healthcare practices, archaeological evidence from a plantation hospital suggests that healthcare, within plantation institutions, was more heterogeneous than the documents indicate. The goal of this paper is largely methodological. It mobilises colonial transcripts and material culture in ways that disrupt and reimagine taken-for-granted assumptions to show how those most affected by colonial policies complicate colonial institutions via on-the-ground practices.

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Nicholls, Robert W. « The Mocko Jumbie of the U.S. Virgin Islands ; History and Antecedents ». African Arts 32, n^o 3 (1999) : 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3337709.

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WILEY, JAMES W. « ORNITHOLOGY IN PUERTO RICO AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS ». Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 776, n^o 1 The Scientifi (juin 1996) : 149–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb17419.x.

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Glesne, Corrine E., Emanuel Hurwitz, Julius Menacker et Ward Weldon. « Educational Imperialism : American School Policy and the U. S. Virgin Islands ». History of Education Quarterly 28, n^o 2 (1988) : 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/368505.

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Watlington, R. A., E. Lewis et D. Drost. « Coordinated management of coastal hazard awareness and preparedness in the USVI ». Advances in Geosciences 38 (30 avril 2014) : 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-38-31-2014.

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Abstract. As far back as history has been written in the islands today known as the US Virgin Islands (USVI), residents have had to endure and survive costly and deadly onslaughts from tropical storms such as the 1867 San Narciso Hurricane, Hurricane Hugo and Hurricane Marilyn. Keenly alerted by recent tragic events in the Indian Ocean in 2004, in Haiti in 2010 and in Japan in 2011, the USVI was reminded that it had suffered its greatest tsunami impact in a well-documented event that had followed the 1867 hurricane by fewer than three weeks. To address their community's continual vulnerability to coastal hazards, USVI emergency managers, scientists and educators, assisted by national and regional disaster management agencies and warning programs, have engaged programs for understanding, anticipating and mitigating these hazards. This paper focuses on how three public-serving institutions, the Virgin Islands Territorial Emergency Management Agency (VITEMA), the University of the Virgin Islands and the Caribbean Ocean Observing System have responded to the community's need for improved preparedness through programs of physical preparation, planning, research, observations, education and outreach. This report reviews some of the approaches and activities employed in the USVI in the hope of sharing their benefits with similarly vulnerable coastal communities.

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A. Mignucci-Giannoni, Antonio, Benito Pinto-Rodríguez, Mario Velasco-Escudero, Ruby A Montoya-Ospina, Nilda M. Jiménez-Marrero, Marta A. Rodriguez-Lopez, Ernest H. Williams et Daniel K. Odell. « Cetacean strandings in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands ». J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 1, n^o 2 (1 septembre 1999) : 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v1i2.466.

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An assessment of cetacean strandings was conducted in waters off Puerto Rico and the United States and British Virgin Islands to identify, document and analyse factors associated with reported mortality events. Nineteen species of cetaceans were reported stranded. The total number of events recorded between 1867 and 1995 was 129, comprising over 159 individuals. The bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) was the species most commonly found stranded, followed by Cuvier's beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris), sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus), Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenellafrontalis) and short-finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus). An increase in the number of strandings is evident over the past 20 years, averaging 63.l% per year. Between 1990 and 1995, the average number of cases per year increased from 2.1 to 8.2. The seasonal pattern of strandings was not found to be uniform, with a high number of strandings occurring in the winter and spring. The monthly temporal distribution showed an overall bimodal pattern, with the highest number of cases reported for February, May and September. The spatial distribution was not even, and differed between countries, within countries, and between taxonomic groups and species. Aside from undetermined causes of mortality, the ratio of natural causes in relation to human-related causes was of 1.2:1. Between 1990 and 1995, a reduction of the percentage of undetermined cause of deaths resulted from the establishment of a cooperative effort in studying mortality in an organised and systematic manner. The most common natural cause of death category was dependent calf. The most common human-related cause categories observed were entanglement and accidental captures, followed by animals being shot or speared. Evaluation and recommendations to improve the research conducted are formulated, including guidelines for the development of a strategic plan to obtain baseline data on the biology and life history of cetaceans to be applied to their conservation and management.

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Valldejuli, Luis Galanes, et Jorge Capetillo. « America's Virgin Islands : A History of Human Rights and Wrongs (review) ». Caribbean Studies 38, n^o 2 (2010) : 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/crb.2010.0050.

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WOODS, CHARLES A. « THE LAND MAMMALS OF PUERTO RICO AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS ». Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 776, n^o 1 The Scientifi (juin 1996) : 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb17418.x.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Danes – Virgin Islands – History"

Smith, Angel. « An anatomy of a slave society in transition : the Virgin Islands, 1807-1864 ». Thesis, University of Hull, 2011. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5764.

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This study analyses the process of transition from slavery to freedom in the Virgin Islands’ slave society. It draws on a database of over 9,500 enslaved people of African descent, covering the period 1818 to 1834. Including information on gender, age, births, deaths, runaways, manumissions, and owners of the enslaved, this database allows the most intimate and comprehensive analysis of changes in the social life of the slave population and immediate descendants within any single British Caribbean territory in the age of abolitionism and its aftermath. Few studies in Caribbean history have sought to go beyond the transition from slavery to freedom and more specifically, to explore the impact of the enslaved themselves in shaping their own history during this critical transition. This thesis seeks to do both by re-examining the history of the Virgin Islands from 1807 to 1864, underpinning the argument it presents with data drawn from slave registers, Colonial Office and Parliamentary papers, and other records. It is on these grounds that this thesis makes an original contribution to existing knowledge.

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Kostro, Mark. « On The Margins of Empire : An Archaeological and Historical Study of Guana Island, British Virgin Islands ». W&M ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1530192807.

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The present study of Guana Island in the British Virgin Islands draws upon archaeological, archival, and architectural evidence to examine the material and spatial aspects of everyday life on the social, geographic, and economic margins of the British Empire between 1717 and 1845. Guana’s settlers were yeoman farmers, formerly indentured laborers, and fishermen displaced from other parts of the Caribbean who came to the Virgin Islands for the opportunity to seek their own fortunes in the small island territories initially forsaken by sugar planters as ill-suited for large scale sugar cultivation. Arriving with them, and with increasing frequency over time, were enslaved Africans forced into laboring in the cotton and sugar fields, on fishing boats, and as domestic servants. The present study seeks to better understand how the experience of eighteenth-century Virgin Islanders, both free and enslaved, compared to their counterparts in larger and wealthier Caribbean sugar colonies through a detailed study of households on Guana Island through time. Between the early eighteenth and mid nineteenth centuries, Guana’s households underwent substantial transformations in response to the expansion, contraction, and variation of the Virgin Islands’ plantation-based economy. Those transformations included measurable changes in settlement patterns, household composition, built environment, and household industry. at the local scale, the archaeological evidence illustrates how colonial processes are frequently tied to the economic use of the land; while at the regional scale, the archaeological evidence highlights the range experiences within the British Caribbean. The evidence presented herein also complicates long-held assumption that Guana’s colonial history was limited to the island’s occupation by Quakers. Indeed, Guana’s eighteenth century settlement occurred earlier, lasted longer, and included a greater number, and wider variety, of people than previously understood.

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Wright, John Alexander. « The development of teacher education in the Caribbean, with special reference to Antigua, Grenada and the United States Virgin Islands ». Thesis, University of Hull, 1989. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3807.

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The purpose of this thesis is to try to examine teacher education in certain Caribbean states through both field and documentary research and the use of case studies. The general history of the development of this sector in the Caribbean is broadly known, but only detailed local work can illuminate the general through the particular.But the aims of this study are not primarilly historical. Fundamental issues within the education and training of teachers are considered and the views of many practitioners and trainees have been gained. It is hoped that the stock of information has been enhanced and that others will care to examine some of the outcomes of the research.With these aims in mind, the structure plan of the thesis moves from the general examination of teacher education to a series of case studies, and back to comparative comment and recommendations for development. The core of the study is the succession of chapters on Grenada, Antigua and the U.S. Virgin Islands. There are many points of similarity and contrast to be gained from the comparative approach, and an attempt is made to carry through such an objective. Various factors are brought under scrutiny, in addition to the historical, for example: social, economic, geographical and political. The different colonial experiences also provide interesting points for consideration by way of explaining some of the features encountered.Having compiled and compared the idiosyncratic patterns of the three case studies, the writer attempts to bring the discussion back into the realm of educational theory and practice in a more universal sense.Numerous appendices are provided for reference, as indicated within the main text, and a selected bibliography concludes the thesis. This contains only the more significant published sources used by the writer and as a matter of policy does not repeat all of the references placed already at the end of the various chapters.Finally, it is hoped that this study will make a contribution not only to the field of teacher education in international perspective, but also to the emerging literature on the study of educational provision in small states.

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Meader, Richard D. « Organizing Afro-Caribbean Communities : Processes of Cultural Change under Danish West Indian Slavery ». University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1249497332.

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Stoll-Davey, Camille. « Global comparison of hedge fund regulations ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d08de3ea-6818-46cf-96b1-1bbb785a7504.

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The regulation of hedge funds has been at the centre of a global policy debate for much of the past decade. Several factors feature in this debate including the magnitude of current global investments in hedge funds and the potential of hedge funds to both generate wealth and destabilise financial markets. The first part of the thesis describes the nature of hedge funds and locates the work in relation to four elements in existing theory including regulatory competition theory, the concept of differential mobility as identified by Musgrave, Kane’s concept of the regulatory dialectic between regulators and regulatees, and the concept of unique sets of trust and confidence factors that individual jurisdictions convey to the market. It also identifies a series of questions that de-limit the scope of the present work. These include whether there is evidence that regulatory competition occurs in the context of the provision of domicile for hedge funds, what are the factors which account for the current global distribution of hedge fund domicile, what latitude for regulatory competition is available to jurisdictions competing to provide the domicile for hedge funds, how is such latitude shaped by factors intrinsic and extrinsic to the competing jurisdictions, and why do the more powerful onshore jurisdictions competing to provide the domicile for hedge funds not shut down their smaller and weaker competitors? The second part of the thesis examines the regulatory environment for hedge funds in three so-called offshore jurisdictions, specifically the Cayman Islands, Bermuda and the British Virgin Islands, as well as two onshore jurisdictions, specifically the United Kingdom and the United States. The final section presents a series of conclusions and their implications for both regulatory competition theory and policy.

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ØSTERGAARD, HANSEN Pernille. « Our tropical home : Danish 'empire migrants' in the U.S. Virgin Islands, 1917-1945 ». Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/46364.

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Defence date: 10 May 2017
Examining Board: Professor Jorge Flores, European University Institute (Supervisor); Professor Corinna Unger, European University Institute; Professor Stewart Ward, University of Copenhagen; Professor Robert Bickers, University of Bristol
In 1917 Denmark sold its Caribbean colony to the United States. At a time when other European empires were promoting social and economic reforms in the colonies, the Danish state was withdrawing. However, the transfer of the islands did not break Danish ties to the former colony. An already established group of Danish companies on the islands – Danish sugar factories, plantation companies, a Danish Bank and The Danish West Indian Company - provided the infrastructure for post-transfer migration. This group of migrants was diverse, consisting of settlers practising as old colonials had done, expatriates working for the private companies and practising Danishness in terms of bourgeoisie – and a small group of inbetweeners, priest, deaconesses, doctors and children, who to a larger degree integrated into local community. Paradoxically, as the Danish state pulled out, a strong narrative of nationality, development and national responsibility had come to underscore the Danish community. As the balance tipped towards a majority of expatriates, the Danish Island community experienced an upheaval in marital practices towards an all-white and all-Danish marriage culture. Although predominantly narrating a tale of Danish homeliness in their cultural and social lives, Island Danes mimicked a global image of tropical whiteness in practise, and repeated practises of the old Danish colonials. The result was a specific Island Danishness, which was a mixture of Danish culture and practises, imperial tropes, bourgeoisie and local elements that increasingly incorporated American culture. For returnees to Denmark the narrative of national homeliness was often amplified. Through their nostalgia and heavy involvement in memory work, they came to form the national-romantic narrative of the colonial past in public memory. In a small window of history, then, a small group of tropical Danes made the islands into ‘home’, and thereby brought a global-imperialistic tendency into Danish colonial history.

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Livres sur le sujet "Danes – Virgin Islands – History"

"Landnahmen" : Texte skandinavischer Kolonialreisender vom 17. bis ins 20. Jahrhundert. Frankfurt am Main : Peter Lang, 2010.

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Martel, Arlene R. USVI : America's Virgin Islands. Basingstoke : Macmillan, 1998.

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United States. National Park Service. Division of Publications., dir. U.S. Virgin Islands : A guide to national parklands in the United States Virgin Islands. Washington, DC : U.S. Dept. of Interior, 1999.

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Penn, Ermin. The constitutional history of the Virgin Islands. [British Virgin Islands : Constitutional Project, 1998.

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Blackman, Francis. Methodism : 200 years in British Virgin Islands. Bridgetown, Barbados : [Methodist Church in the British Virgin Islands], 1989.

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Adams, Wayne. 100 amazing facts involving the American Virgin Islands. [Saint Thomas (V.I.) : The Author?], 1988.

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Nicholls, Robert W. Old-time masquerading in the U.S. Virgin Islands. St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands : Virgin Islands Humanities Council, 1998.

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Society of Virgin Islands Historians. Conference. Papers presented at the annual conferences of the Society of Virgin Islands Historians held in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, 1988-1992. Christiansted, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands : Society of Virgin Islands Historians, 1992.

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A history of the Virgin Islands of the United States. Kingston, Jamaica : Canoe Press, 1994.

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America's Virgin Islands : A history of human rights and wrongs. 2^e éd. Durham, N.C : Carolina Academic Press, 2010.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Danes – Virgin Islands – History"

Rouse-Jones, Margaret D. « Historiography of the Leeward Islands and the Virgin Islands ». Dans General History of the Caribbean, 531–43. New York : Palgrave Macmillan US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-73776-5_18.

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Jones-Hendrickson, S. B. « Lessons from the History of Unions in the U.S. Virgin Islands ». Dans Environment and Labor in the Caribbean, 95–109. New York : Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429337055-6.

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« CHAP. XL. DANISH VIRGIN ISLANDS ». Dans A History of the West Indies, 165–85. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203042465-11.

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« CHAP. XXXIX. BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS—CONTINUED ». Dans A History of the West Indies, 122–64. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203042465-10.

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« Book 12 Settlements of the Spanish, the Dutch and the Danes in the American islands ». Dans A History of the Two Indies, 193–202. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315263885-18.

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Ríos-López, Neftalí, Alberto R. Puente-Rolón, Nicole F. Angeli, Sondra I. Vega-Castillo et Daniel Dávila-Casanova. « 8. Amphibians and their history, distribution, and conservation in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands ». Dans The Conservation and Biogeography of Amphibians in the Caribbean, 296–465. Pelagic Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53061/zlyl5129.

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Chenoweth, John M. « Contexts ». Dans Simplicity, Equality, and Slavery. University Press of Florida, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683400110.003.0002.

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Chapter 2 provides a history of the British Virgin Islands (BVI) themselves and how their unusual place in the colonial process produced a more isolated, poorer set of white colonists than many other Caribbean islands. The marginal agricultural potential of the BVI left them uncolonized longer than most islands and European settlement began there in a haphazard way, with no formal government, church, or other institutions. This left the settlers free to experiment with new social forms, such as Quakerism, the arrival of which is also recounted here. But this isolation also posed challenges and left them in precarious positions. This chapter also introduces the Lettsom family who will be the focus for the study along with their island of Little Jost van Dyke, before describing the archaeological work undertaken to address the project’s questions. The remainder of the volume takes up the themes of simplicity, equality, and peace, shifting between written and archaeological evidence to understand how BVI Quakers understood and enacted these ideas differently than Quakers elsewhere.

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Loureiro, Patrick, Paul Mann, Guoquan Wang et Jean-Claude Hippolyte. « Miocene to Recent Rift History of the Virgin Islands Basin from Integration of Offshore Seismic Data, Inland, Striated Fault Planes, and GPS Results ». Dans Sedimentary Basins : Origin, Depositional Histories, and Petroleum Systems. SEPM Society for Sedimentary Geology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5724/gcs.14.33.0434.

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Hough, Susan Elizabeth, et Roger G. Bilham. « Hazards of the Caribbean ». Dans After the Earth Quakes. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195179132.003.0011.

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The Caribbean is a place of romance. Idyllic beaches, buoyant cultures, lush tropical flora; even the Caribbean pirates of yore often find themselves romanticized in modern eyes, and on modern movie screens. Yet it requires barely a moment’s reflection to appreciate the enormous resilience that must exist in a place that is so routinely battered by storms of enormous ferocity. News stories tend to focus on large storms that reach the United States, but many large hurricanes arrive in the United States by way of the Caribbean. Before it slammed into South Carolina in 1989, Hurricane Hugo brushed the Caribbean islands, skimming Puerto Rico and devastating many small islands to its east. Other hurricanes have hit the islands more directly. These include Inez, which claimed some 1,500 lives in 1966, and the powerful Luis, which caused $2.5 billion in property damage and 17 deaths when it pummeled the Leeward Islands and parts of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands in 1995. Hurricanes also figure prominently in the pre-20th-century history of the Caribbean—storms that had no names, the sometimes lethal fury of which arrived unheralded by modern forecasts. Most people know that the Caribbean is hurricane country; probably few realize that it is earthquake country as well. After all, the western edge of North America is the active plate boundary; earthquakes occur in the more staid midcontinent and Atlantic seaboard, but far less commonly. What can be overlooked, however, is North America’s other active plate boundary. To understand the general framework of this other boundary, it is useful to return briefly to basic tenets of plate tectonics theory. As discussed in earlier chapters, the eastern edge of North America is known as a passive margin. Because the North American continent is not moving relative to the adjacent Atlantic oceanic crust, in plate tectonics terms, scientists do not differentiate between the North American continent and the western half of the Atlantic ocean.

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Chenoweth, John M. « “Furnished with Convenience for a Meeting House” ». Dans Simplicity, Equality, and Slavery. University Press of Florida, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683400110.003.0004.

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Members of the British Virgin Islands (BVI) Quaker community also seem to have been particularly concerned with physical markers of their group on the landscape: meetinghouses. One expression of the idea of simplicity among Quakers elsewhere was the fact that the Quaker form of worship takes place without formal programs, hymns, or lectures, and can be conducted anywhere, even outside; yet BVI Quakers placed special emphasis on the building of meetinghouses. At least two and possibly more were built during the meeting’s twenty-year history, including at Fat Hog’s Bay, Tortola, and these structures were unique as civic buildings in the BVI at the time. The buildings also took on different meanings to different members and this discussion begins to uncover conflict among the Tortola Meeting members over how Quaker ideals are best understood and how they change to suit the Caribbean context of the group.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Danes – Virgin Islands – History"

Lee, Rowan, et Karla Parsons-Hubbard. « EVALUATING THE ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY OF A CARBONATE LAGOON USING TAPHOFACIES ANALYSIS (ST. CROIX, US VIRGIN ISLANDS) ». Dans GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-320030.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Danes – Virgin Islands – History"

Rogers, Caroline. A synthesis of coral reef research at Buck Island Reef National Monument and Salt River Bay National Historical Park and Ecological Preserve, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands : 1961 to 2022. National Park Service, septembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294235.

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This synthesis focuses on the history of research on coral reefs within two U.S. National Park Service units in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands: Buck Island Reef National Monument (from 1961 to 2022) and Salt River Bay National Historical Park and Ecological Preserve (from 1980 to 2022). Buck Island Reef National Monument (BUIS) is off the north shore of the island of St. Croix, in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Established in 1961 and expanded in 2001, it is under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service (NPS). Long-term monitoring programs maintained by the NPS and jointly by the University of the Virgin Islands (UVI) and the Virgin Islands Department of Planning and Natural Resources (VIDPNR) provide data on trends in living coral cover and specific coral species from 2000 and 2001, respectively. Disease, thermal stress (indicated by coral bleaching), and hurricanes reduced total coral cover periodically, but cover remained relatively stable from 2007 through the end of 2020. Salt River Bay National Historical Park and Ecological Preserve (SARI) is a national park on the north shore of the island of St. Croix, in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Established in 1992, it is co-managed by the NPS and the Government of the Virgin Islands. Long-term monitoring programs maintained by the NPS and by the UVI with the VIDPNR provide data on trends in living coral cover and individual coral species from 2011 and 2001, respectively. In spite of thermal stress (indicated by coral bleaching), disease, and hurricanes, total coral cover remained relatively stable through the end of 2020. This document also includes results from extensive investigations by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and from many individual projects including those based out of the underwater saturation habitats Hydrolab and Aquarius from 1977 to 1989, as well as studies from researchers at Fairleigh Dickinson University’s West Indies Laboratory. While not possible to review all of these in detail, this report highlights information considered useful to managers, and scientists planning future research. In 2021, a particularly virulent disease called stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD), first noted in 2014 in Florida, and then in 2019 in the U.S. Virgin Islands, started killing corals in BUIS and SARI with the different species showing a gradient of susceptibility. An exact cause or link between this disease and human actions has not been discovered to date. The losses associated with this disease have now exceeded those from any other stressors in these national parks.

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Drought Effects on Forests and Rangelands in the US Caribbean. USDA Caribbean Climate Hub, juin 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.6960280.ch.

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Issues of water quality and scarcity are of great concern across the U.S. Caribbean. In recent years Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands have experienced uncommonly dry weather that has caused moderate to severe droughts. In 2014-2015, severe drought in Puerto Rico required the implementation of water restrictions that affected millions of people. The summer of 2015 was the third driest period in Puerto Rico since 1898, forcing the strictest water rationing in its history. Emerging climate models for the region (Figure 1) predict an overall decrease in precipitation over the next century, but also to greater variance in seasonality and an increase in intense precipitation events. The temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall can have profound effects on the hydrology as well as the phenology and life-cycle of trees, rangeland species, pests and pollinators. Changing rainfall patterns will mean major adjustments in how working lands are managed by producers and planners.

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