Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Damaged Forensic Specimens »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Damaged Forensic Specimens"
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Graham, Anna R., et Samuel H. Paplanus. « Fluorescence of damaged myocardium in endomyocardial biopsy specimens for the evaluation of cardiac transplantation ». Human Pathology 16, no 11 (novembre 1985) : 1110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0046-8177(85)80178-7.
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Cabral, Ana Elisa, Fernando Ricardo, Carla Patinha, Eduardo Ferreira da Silva, Miguel Correia, Jorge Palma, Miquel Planas et Ricardo Calado. « Successful Use of Geochemical Tools to Trace the Geographic Origin of Long-Snouted Seahorse Hippocampus guttulatus Raised in Captivity ». Animals 11, no 6 (25 mai 2021) : 1534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061534.
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The global market of dried seahorses mainly supplies Traditional Chinese Medicine and still relies on blurry trade chains that often cover less sustainable practices targeting these pricey and endangered fish. As such, reliable tools that allow the enforcement of traceability, namely to confirm the geographic origin of traded seahorses, are urgently needed. The present study evaluated the use of elemental fingerprints (EF) in the bony structures of long-snouted seahorses Hippocampus guttulatus raised in captivity in two different locations (southern Portugal and Northern Spain) to discriminate their geographic origin. The EF of different body parts of H. guttulatus were also evaluated as potential proxies for the EF of the whole body, in order to allow the analysis of damaged specimens and avoid the use of whole specimens for analysis. The contrasting EF of H. guttulatus raised in the two locations allowed their reliable discrimination. Although no single body part exactly mimicked the EF of the whole body, seahorse trunks, as well as damaged specimens, could still be correctly allocated to their geographic origin. This promising forensic approach to discriminate the geographic origin of seahorses raised in captivity should now be validated for wild conspecifics originating from different locations, as well as for other species within genus Hippocampus.
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Loreille, Odile, Shashikala Ratnayake, Adam Bazinet, Timothy Stockwell, Daniel Sommer, Nadin Rohland, Swapan Mallick et al. « Biological Sexing of a 4000-Year-Old Egyptian Mummy Head to Assess the Potential of Nuclear DNA Recovery from the Most Damaged and Limited Forensic Specimens ». Genes 9, no 3 (1 mars 2018) : 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes9030135.
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Park, Ji Hye, Sang Eon Shin, Kwang Soo Ko et Seong Hwan Park. « Identification of Forensically Important Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae Species Collected in Korea Using SNaPshot Multiplex System Targeting the Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit I Gene ». BioMed Research International 2018 (2018) : 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2953892.
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Estimation of postmortem interval (PMI) is paramount in modern forensic investigation. After the disappearance of the early postmortem phenomena conventionally used to estimate PMI, entomologic evidence provides important indicators for PMI estimation. The age of the oldest fly larvae or pupae can be estimated to pinpoint the time of oviposition, which is considered the minimum PMI (PMImin). The development rate of insects is usually temperature dependent and species specific. Therefore, species identification is mandatory for PMImin estimation using entomological evidence. The classical morphological identification method cannot be applied when specimens are damaged or have not yet matured. To overcome this limitation, some investigators employ molecular identification using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) nucleotide sequences. The molecular identification method commonly uses Sanger’s nucleotide sequencing and molecular phylogeny, which are complex and time consuming and constitute another obstacle for forensic investigators. In this study, instead of using conventional Sanger’s nucleotide sequencing, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the COI gene region, which are unique between fly species, were selected and targeted for single-base extension (SBE) technology. These SNPs were genotyped using a SNaPshot® kit. Eleven Calliphoridae and seven Sarcophagidae species were covered. To validate this genotyping, fly DNA samples (103 adults, 84 larvae, and 4 pupae) previously confirmed by DNA barcoding were used. This method worked quickly with minimal DNA, providing a potential alternative to conventional DNA barcoding. Consisting of only a few simple electropherogram peaks, the results were more straightforward compared with those of the conventional DNA barcoding produced by Sanger’s nucleotide sequencing.
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Kurylko, Yuliia. « MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE INFLUENCE OF CORD BLOOD BIOPREPARATION ON THE THYROID GLAND OF RATS WITH EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITITIS ». Problems of Endocrine Pathology 79, no 2 (9 juin 2022) : 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21856/j-pep.2022.2.11.
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Abstract Relevance. One of the modern medical trends of the 21st century is regenerative medicine – a clinical discipline that aims to use cell therapy to repair damaged organs and tissues. Experimental and clinical studies have proven the great restorative potential of fetoplacental complex (FPC) biological products which is due to a wide range of biologically active substances which determines the prospects and relevance of their study in many laboratories around the world in recent decades. Purpose of research. Determination of histomorphological changes in the thyroid gland which occur during the simulation of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis and after correction of this pathology by a non-cellular preparation of cord blood serum in the early stages of its aftereffect study. Materials and methods. Experimental studies were performed on male Wistar rats with a simulated autoimmune thyroiditis (AT). Administration of the drug "Cryocell-Cryocord" was carried out intramuscularly at a rate of 10 injections every other day at the rate of 0.1 ml of diluted solution per 100 g of body weight. The comparison drug "Levothyroxine" (Berlin-Chemie, Germany) was administered to rat at a dose of 10 μg/kg of the body weight for 10 days. Histological specimens were analyzed using a Primo Star hardware and software complex, a Canon power shwet ATIO camera, a personal computer, and the Morpholog program. Results. Histomorphological analysis of the thyroid gland of rats, after 1 month. after the creation of the model, AIT confirms the stable development of its autoimmune lesions: significant foci of lymphocytic infiltration and connective tissue strands were observed. "Levothyroxine" and "Cryocell-Cryocord" had a positive effect on the histostructure of the rat thyroid gland. The more pronounced effect was observed after the introduction of the biological product "Cryocell-Cryocord". Under its influence, more significant foci were identified in the thyroid gland with signs of normalization of structural elements and restoration of its functional activity. Conclusions. On the basis of morphological and morphometric studies, a conclusion was made about the high efficiency of the use of the cell-free biological product "Cryocell-Cryocord" for the correction of autoimmune damage to the thyroid gland.
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Lippi, Giuseppe, Martina Montagnana, Gian Luca Salvagno et Gian Cesare Guidi. « Interference of Blood Cell Lysis on Routine Coagulation Testing ». Archives of Pathology & ; Laboratory Medicine 130, no 2 (1 février 2006) : 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2006-130-181-iobclo.
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Abstract Context.—Preanalytical factors influencing the reliability of laboratory testing are commonplace. It is traditionally accepted that hemolytic samples are unsuitable for coagulation assays because of the release of hemoglobin, intracellular components, and thromboplastic substances from damaged blood cells. Objective.—To evaluate the influence of blood cell lysis on routine coagulation testing. Design.—Twelve aliquots prepared by serial dilutions of homologous lysated samples collected from 10 different subjects, and displaying a final percentage of lysis ranging from 0% to 9.1%, were tested for prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, and dimerized plasmin fragment D. Lysis was achieved by subjecting citrated whole blood to a freeze-thaw cycle. Outcome Measures.—Interference from blood cell lysis on routine coagulation testing. Results.—Statistically significant increases in prothrombin time and dimerized plasmin fragment D were observed in samples containing final lysate concentrations of 0.5% and 2.7% respectively, whereas significant decreases were observed in activated partial thromboplastin time and fibrinogen in samples containing a final lysate concentration of 0.9%. The current analytical quality specifications for desirable bias are ±2.0% for prothrombin time, ±2.3% for activated partial thromboplastin time, and ±4.8% for fibrinogen. Percent variations from the baseline values exceeding the current analytical quality specifications for desirable bias were achieved for lysate concentrations of 0.9% (prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time) and 1.8% (fibrinogen), corresponding to average free plasma hemoglobin concentrations of 1.7 and 3.4 g/L, respectively. Conclusion.—Our results confirm that, although slightly hemolyzed specimens might still be analyzable, a moderate blood cell lysis, as low as 0.9%, influences the reliability of routine coagulation testing. Because the interference in coagulation assays has a wide interindividual bias, we do not recommend lysis correction and we suggest that the most appropriate corrective measure should be free hemoglobin quantification and sample recollection.
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Gemmellaro, M. Denise, George C. Hamilton et Jessica L. Ware. « Review of Molecular Identification Techniques for Forensically Important Diptera ». Journal of Medical Entomology 56, no 4 (7 juin 2019) : 887–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjz040.
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Abstract The medico-legal section of forensic entomology focuses on the analysis of insects associated with a corpse. Such insects are identified, and their life history characteristics are evaluated to provide information related to the corpse, such as postmortem interval and time of colonization. Forensically important insects are commonly identified using dichotomous keys, which rely on morphological characteristics. Morphological identifications can pose a challenge as local keys are not always available and can be difficult to use, especially when identifying juvenile stages. If a specimen is damaged, certain keys cannot be used for identification. In contrast, molecular identification can be a better instrument to identify forensically important insects, regardless of life stage or specimen completeness. Despite more than 20 yr since the first use of molecular data for the identification of forensic insects, there is little overlap in gene selection or phylogenetic methodology among studies, and this inconsistency reduces efficiency. Several methods such as genetic distance, reciprocal monophyly, or character-based methods have been implemented in forensic identification studies. It can be difficult to compare the results of studies that employ these different methods. Here we present a comprehensive review of the published results for the molecular identification of Diptera of forensic interest, with an emphasis on evaluating variation among studies in gene selection and phylogenetic methodology.
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Keys, Kamryn, et Ann H. Ross. « Identifying Blunt Force Traumatic Injury on Thermally Altered Remains : A Pilot Study Using Sus scrofa ». Biology 11, no 1 (6 janvier 2022) : 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11010087.
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In forensic scenarios involving homicide, human remains are often exposed to fire as a means of disposal and/or obscuring identity. Burning human remains can result in the concealment of traumatic injury, the creation of artifacts resembling injury, or the destruction of preexisting trauma. Since fire exposure can greatly influence trauma preservation, methods to differentiate trauma signatures from burning artifacts are necessary to conduct forensic analyses. Specifically, in the field of forensic anthropology, criteria to distinguish trauma from fire signatures on bone is inconsistent and sparse. This study aims to supplement current forensic anthropological literature by identifying criteria found to be the most diagnostic of fire damage or blunt force trauma. Using the skulls of 11 adult pigs (Sus scrofa), blunt force trauma was manually produced using a crowbar and flat-faced hammer. Three specimens received no impacts and were utilized as controls. All skulls were relocated to an outdoor, open-air fire where they were burned until a calcined state was achieved across all samples. Results from this experiment found that blunt force trauma signatures remained after burning and were identifiable in all samples where reassociation of fragments was possible. This study concludes that distinct patterns attributed to thermal fractures and blunt force fractures are identifiable, allowing for diagnostic criteria to be narrowed down for future analyses.
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Huang, Min, et Shuanzeng Wei. « Overview of Molecular Testing of Cytology Specimens ». Acta Cytologica 64, no 1-2 (27 mars 2019) : 136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000497187.
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Objective: Utilizing cytology specimens for molecular testing has attracted increasing attention in the era of personalized medicine. Cytology specimens are clinically easier to access. The samples can be quickly and completely fixed in a very short time of fixation before tissue degradation occurs, compared to hours or days of fixation in surgical pathology specimens. In addition, cytology specimens can be fixed without formalin, which can significantly damage DNA and RNA. All these factors contribute to the superb quality of DNA and RNA in cytology specimens for molecular tests. Study Design: We summarize the most pertinent information in the literature regarding molecular testing in the field of cytopathology. Results: The first part focuses on the types of cytological specimens that can be used for molecular testing, including the advantages and limitations. The second section describes the common molecular tests and their clinical application. Conclusion: Various types of cytology specimens are suitable for many molecular tests, which may require additional clinical laboratory validation.
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Attarwala, A. I., J. K. Tien, G. Y. Masada et G. Dody. « Confirmation of Creep and Fatigue Damage in Pb/Sn Solder Joints ». Journal of Electronic Packaging 114, no 2 (1 juin 1992) : 109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906405.
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Solder joints of leadless surface mounted components, which were thermally cycled, were studied to determine their failure mode and to compare the results with work done on bulk solder specimens. Previous studies done on the characterization of the mechanical properties of cyclically tested bulk Pb/Sn solder of different compositions show that their deformation behavior is a result of an interaction between creep and fatigue damage processes. Fractographic forensics of the failed solder joints also showed damage due to both creep and fatigue processes. Fatigue striations were observed side by side with creep voids and extensive intergranular cracking. The crack growth rate (da/dn) was calculated to be around 0.25 μm/cycle. It is also established that the failure is crack propagation controlled. It was found that the crack initiation site on at least one of the joints was a tin rich area. The size of the voids varied from 0.1 μm to 0.5 μm.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Damaged Forensic Specimens"
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MOTE, ANIKET, HASNAA OUIDADI, DOUNIA BOUSHAB, MATTHEW PRIDDY, SANTANU KUNDU, CHARLES PITTMAN, JR., JAIME GRUNLAN, QINGSHENG WANG et THOMAS E. LACY, JR. « POST MECHANICAL FAILURE FIRE DAMAGE CHARACTERIZATION OF GRAPHITE/EPOXY COMPOSITES ». Dans Thirty-sixth Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc36/35890.
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Fire damage involving mechanically failed composite aircraft structures can dramatically alter their exposed surface characteristics in ways that inhibit fire forensic analyses. In this work, the effects of fire exposure on mechanically failed Cytec T40- 800/Cycom® 5215 graphite/epoxy composites were examined. Coupon level vertical fire tests were performed on mechanically failed unnotched compression and in-plane shear graphite/epoxy specimens. The fire damage was characterized by visual inspection and scanning electron microscopy. The fire damage development in the specimens involved a concurrent and sequential interaction between multiple physical, chemical, and thermal processes. This damage included melt dripping, matrix decomposition, char, soot, matrix cracking, delamination, and residual thickness increases due to explosive outgassing. The composite thermal degradation due to heat conduction, combustion, and/or thermal deformation was significantly affected by the specimen layup, ply orientation relative to the heat source, and the fracture surface morphology. Plies burned with fibers oriented parallel to the flame axis conducted heat into the interior of the composite. This resulted in melt dripping, internal pockets of matrix decomposition, and surface char deposition that, in some cases, completely obscured pertinent aspects of fiber fracture surface morphology. In contrast, plies burned with fibers oriented perpendicular to the flame axis acted like a thermal protection layer that impeded (slowed) heat transfer to the specimen’s interior. Furthermore, the thermal damage development was influenced by the specimen layup and the total available free surface area created during mechanical failure. Specimens with more free surface area promoted better airflow and oxygen availability for combustion and sustained far more thermal degradation for given fire exposure. Key fractographic features in exposed fiber bundles were destroyed due to severe thermal oxidation and thinning. A thorough understanding of these coupon-level fire tests represents a critical first step in developing a coherent strategy for the Federal Aviation Authority post-crash forensic analysis of composite aircraft structures.
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Habib, Kashfi B., Rocky S. Taylor, Stephen Bruneau et Ian J. Jordaan. « Experimental Study of Dynamics During Crushing of Freshwater Truncated Conical Ice Specimens ». Dans ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41904.
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Ice crushing dynamics in ice structure interactions can result in hazardous vibrations and potentially damaging loads on offshore structures. Ice cone crushing experiments were conducted in the lab to characterize loading and dynamics processes for compressive failure. The indentation rate, temperature and shape of the ice specimens were varied in control tests so that the sensitivity of the resultant dynamic ice load frequency and amplitude could be determined. The results indicate that all control variables had a marked effect on both the frequency and amplitude of load fluctuations. Indentation rates varying from 0.1 mm/s to 10 mm/s and ice taper angles from 13° to 30° had drastic effects. The effects of temperature also demonstrated variations in force, pressure and dynamic behavior. In addition to load measurements, video was used to observe failure mechanisms and in particular spalling and crushing. In the present paper observations are described, though a thorough quantitative assessment has been published elsewhere. Tactile pressure sensors were also used in the experiments, allowing for the correlation of loads and processes to pressure distributions. Finally, the forensic examination of crushed specimens also provided insights into the behavior of ice under various compressive failure scenarios. On the surfaces of intact specimens and revealed within through cross-polarized views of thin sections were signs of ice damage and recrystallization zones of varying extents. The effects of the variables on the dynamic processes and failure behaviors are discussed.