Thèses sur le sujet « Cure Sanitarie »
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TORRINI, IRENE. « Healthcare Expenditures for the Young-Old Population ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/330206.
Texte intégralIn this thesis, we model the life-cycle evolution of individual healthcare expenditures, expressed as a function of the aging process, health shocks and conditions, and distance to death. All the analyses are carried out by using a unique dataset, which allows us to focus on different types of healthcare services and different subsamples of individuals. The population of interest consists of individuals aged 50-70, the age window where the first adverse health events are expected to arise. In the first chapter, we use a two-way fixed effects model to examine the effect of age, morbidity, and time to death (TTD) on individual healthcare expenditures (HCE). The estimation is carried out by controlling for several confounding factors, including individual and General Practitioner (GP) fixed effects. We also investigate to what extent patients’ and GP’ characteristics contribute to the overall variability in expenditures among individuals. Our main results show that age, morbidity, and TTD are all important determinants of HCE and are among the elements that contribute most to the variability in HCE among individuals. Total HCE is increasing in age, with the latter found to be negatively correlated with the time to death, a result in contrast with the ‘red herring’ hypothesis. Such an increase with age of overall expenditures is mainly driven by expenses for out-of-hospital services; in contrast, no difference in hospital costs is observed over the considered lifespan once the other factors are taken into account. On the other hand, inpatient expenditures mainly drive the morbidity and end-of-life profiles of total HCE. Concerning heterogeneous analysis, we find that chronic and disabled individuals with health shocks requiring hospitalization are those who place the greatest burden on the costs borne by the Italian healthcare system. It suggests that the enhancement of preventive approaches before the onset of such shocks is a priority goal to reduce the incidence of long-lasting diseases and prevent them from deteriorating to the point of exacerbation in acute cases requiring hospital admissions. Given the results obtained in the first chapter, in the second one, we use a difference-in-difference event study approach to estimate the short- and long-run impact of the hospitalization on HCE, with hospital admissions analyzed here as a measurable subset of those first adverse health events individuals aged 50-70 experience in their life. Our main findings confirm the existence of a large effect of the first hospitalization on HCE and show that the first access is associated with substantial future medical expenses in all healthcare settings, accounted for the largest part by acute inpatient care. Indeed, the analysis of hospital expenditures indicates the occurrence of subsequent hospitalizations, mainly required for complications of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. The latter are responsible for the highest increase in inpatient expenditures and present a persistent post-admission increase also in outpatient and pharmaceutical expenses, a result driven by the high incidence of chronic and disabled individuals within the group of those affected by these two conditions. From a policy perspective, it indicates need for a strengthening of territorial care and tertiary prevention improvements, necessary to soften the impact of ongoing illnesses with lasting effects. On the one hand, it would improve patients’ health by preventing complications and acute cases; on the other hand, it would also generate significant savings through reduced avoidable additional hospitalizations.
GRAZIOLI, Paola. « L'integrazione socio-sanitaria tra principi, norme e obiettivi. La Rete delle cure palliative come modello operativo di incontro tra i settori sanitario e sociale ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/181492.
Texte intégralGRIFO, PAOLA. « Cure al limite, limite delle cure : opinioni "ingenue" ed "esperte" rispetto alle cure di fine vita, effetti di burnout. Confronto fra operatori sanitari lombardi e popolazione comune ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/233.
Texte intégralIn our society death is a taboo topic. The increase of dying patients calls for an improvement in their quality of life. Psychologists need to understand the social demand on these issues, in order to promote appropriate clinical and training interventions for health workers. In this research we looked at the representation of availability of Palliative Care (PC) as well as attitudes of health workers and the general public towards different End-Of-Life (EOL) options. We tested the hypothesis that health workers and especially palliative care workers disagree with euthanasia and agree with PC more than the public. We also investigated attitudes predictors; the influence of conceptual difficulties on attitudes stability; the relationship between attitudes on euthanasia and PC representation; different perceptions of dying patients' needs; palliative care and other health workers' burnout. 524 subjects (265 health workers: 118 involved in palliative cares and 147 in other health sectors; 259 from the general public) filled in a self-report questionnaire, created ad-hoc. The 265 health workers also filled in the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The public, compared to health workers, agreed more with euthanasia and less with PC. Linear analysis indicates that religious beliefs and health work are the only significant predictors of this agreement, even if attitudes are quite unstable. The burnout levels in our sample are significantly lower than Italian mean levels. Palliative care workers show lower levels in EE subscale than their colleagues; supporting relationships are a protective factor. The incidence of non-measurable factors suggests the opportunity of further qualitative studies. This research highlights the need for deeper knowledge of EOL issues. Psychologists should give to all professional carers the opportunity for reflective practice and symbolic work on the event of dying.
Alunni, Lorenzo. « La cura e lo sgombero : etnografia dell’intervento sanitario nei campi rom di Roma ». Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100084.
Texte intégralThis work deals with the sanitary interventions in the urban spaces called “campi nomadi” that can be found around the city of Rome, where Roma communities live. The first part of this research deals with the demographic data, from the point of view of the problematization of the ways it had been collected and the political stakes which determine it. Its analysis is related to the acknowledgement of the fact that the grand majority of the medical studies on Roma population engage on genetic data, in the same way the new forms of profiling and identification. The second and third part of this work concentrate on the ethnographic research pursued in the nomad camps of Rome, following the daily activity of a mobile medical unit (also called “sanitary camper”) who’s main activity was offering medical support in this urban spaces. The medical encounter that takes place in this spaces of exception, where the patients live, becomes the occasion for observing the dynamics of their relations with the dominant society and the institutions which rule it. This research aims to identify those elements which relate to the moral economy of the acts of medical intervention by underlying their bio-political dimension related to the pacification of the subjects which are otherwise object of strict security policies and of rejection from local and national administrations
Valentini, Elisabetta. « Professionisti sanitari e cura del fine vita : lo studio E.L.D.Y. (End of Life Decisions studY) ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423645.
Texte intégralBackground. Nelle società sviluppate le principali cause di morte sono rappresentate da malattie degenerative e, sempre più spesso, pazienti ricoverati nelle terapie intensive rimangono in coma o in fase terminale per tempi anche molto lunghi. In questo contesto, le decisioni cliniche da assumere alla fine della vita divengono sempre più complesse, coinvolgendo aspetti medici, psicologici ed etici. La riflessione multidisciplinare su tali problemi ha incrementato l’interesse verso il fine vita in ambito nazionale e internazionale, evidenziando importanti cambiamenti nel pensiero comune e alcune differenze di approccio a tali argomenti da parte dei medici italiani rispetto ai colleghi europei e/o americani. Temi quali le decisioni di fine vita, le cure e i trattamenti da amministrare in fase terminale, il rispetto delle direttive anticipate sono sempre più presenti in letteratura. Restano tuttavia esigui i lavori in ambito geriatrico, in particolar modo in Italia. Scopi. Lo studio E.L.D.Y. (End of Life Decision studY) si propone di: indagare la tipologia e la frequenza delle decisioni assunte nella pratica clinica durante la fase finale della vita dei pazienti, da parte di Medici e Infermieri, impegnati prevalentemente in ambito geriatrico, in Veneto, Trentino-Alto Adige e Marche; identificare le opinioni riguardanti la fine vita dei professionisti impegnati nell’assistenza al paziente anziano; identificare la presenza di eventuali associazioni tra le differenti opinioni in tema di decisioni di fine vita e alcune caratteristiche professionali e personali dei rispondenti; confrontare i risultati ottenuti dal nostro studio con analoghi studi precedentemente condotti sia nel contesto europeo che in quello italiano. Materiali e Metodi. Attraverso un articolato lavoro multidisciplinare è stato elaborato un nuovo questionario che ha tenuto in considerazione le critiche rivolte a precedenti studi nazionali ed internazionali. Lo strumento è stato inviato a circa 6000 tra Medici, Infermieri, Operatori Socio-Sanitari, Psicologi e altro personale delle unità operative di assistenza al paziente anziano in Veneto, Trentino Alto-Adige e Marche. Il questionario era costituito da tre parti: la prima, compilabile solo da Medici e Infermieri, riguardante le decisioni assunte in riferimento all’ultimo decesso cui il professionista ha assistito; la seconda parte, destinata a tutto il personale socio-sanitario, volta ad indagare le opinioni sul fine vita; nella terza parte venivano rilevate alcune caratteristiche generali del professionista. Risultati. Hanno risposto al questionario 1545 professionisti socio-sanitari: 301 Medici (MD), 788 Infermieri (IP), 231 Operatori Socio-Sanitari, 108 Psicologi e 117 che svolgevano altre professioni. I questionari che rispondevano ai criteri di selezione per l’analisi statistica erano 680 per le decisioni assunte e 1425 per le opinioni dichiarate. Nel complesso sono emerse 161 decisioni di porre fine alla vita (il 24% dei decessi avvenuti in modo non improvviso ai quali medici e infermieri hanno assistito), suddivise in 141 decisioni di non trattamento e 20 casi di morte medicalmente assistita. Di questi, 2 sono configurabili come eutanasia (MD: 1 e IP: 1) e 16 come casi di soppressione della vita senza esplicita richiesta del paziente (MD: 3 e IP: 13). In totale, l’1.4% dei medici afferma di essere intervenuto in maniera diretta ed intenzionale per anticipare la fine della vita. Il 50% dei medici ha affermato di aver iniziato o non interrotto un trattamento, tenendo in considerazione la possibilità che questo atto potesse prolungare la vita del paziente; il 31%, invece, ha dichiarato di non aver iniziato o di aver interrotto un trattamento tenendo in considerazione la possibilità che questo atto potesse anticipare la morte del paziente già in fase terminale. Per quanto riguarda invece le opinioni, solo una minoranza (il 26%) di medici e infermieri concorda con principio dell’indisponibilità della vita, mentre la maggioranza (76%) è favorevole al “diritto del paziente di decidere” sulla possibilità di anticipare la fine della vita. Circa la metà (52%) ritiene che sia accettabile l’uso di farmaci in dosi letali su esplicita richiesta di un paziente terminale con sofferenza intollerabile. Il 60% ritiene che le direttive anticipate vadano sempre rispettate, anche se questo dovesse anticipare la fine della vita. Infine, il fatto di aver diviso gli item relativi a nutrizione e idratazione artificiale ha permesso di osservare che la seconda viene somministrata con maggiore frequenza rispetto alla prima, facendo presumere che la sola idratazione artificiale venga considerata un trattamento ordinario di base. Relativamente alla comunicazione, i risultati indicano una maggiore propensione dei medici a discutere di diverse tematiche assistenziali con i parenti piuttosto che con i pazienti, diversamente da quanto avviene in ambito europeo. Passando alle differenze tra operatori, le principali riguardano le risposte degli psicologi. Gli psicologi del nostro studio, quasi tutti provenienti dal Triveneto, in modo coerente con il loro ruolo lavorativo attribuiscono particolare importanza a temi quali la comunicazione con il paziente, il rispetto delle sue indicazioni e il valore dell’ascolto nella relazione con i parenti. Le principali differenze legate alla provenienza geografica dei professionisti riguardano invece la somministrazione di trattamenti quali nutrizione artificiale, dialisi e ventilazione, che viene considerata più irrinunciabile nelle Marche che nel Triveneto Conclusioni. Il lavoro condotto presenta alcuni limiti: i dati riguardano tre Regioni italiane, due del Nord Italia e una del Centro, e pertanto in futuro sarà utile estendere l’indagine ad altre Regioni italiane ed eventualmente ad altre nazioni; molte delle nostre variabili riguardano le opinioni dei rispondenti e non solo gli effettivi comportamenti attuati. Nonostante questi limiti, il presente lavoro è sicuramente utile per fornire indicazioni circa fondamentali problematiche cliniche, assistenziali, psicologiche ed etiche che il fine vita propone ai professionisti sanitari. Inoltre, viste le elevate percentuali di coloro che hanno dichiarato interesse nella compilazione delle risposte e l’assenza di critiche significative raccolte, si può concludere che sia stato raggiunto l’obiettivo di creare uno nuovo strumento che indaghi efficacemente le pratiche e le opinioni relative al fine vita in ambito italiano.
PIERUCCI, Pierpaola. « La trasformazione delle Cure Primarie nel Servizio Sanitario Italiano. Un’analisi di progetti ed esperienze di “Case della Salute” in Emilia Romagna ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2388845.
Texte intégralBotrugno, Carlo <1983>. « La diffusione della Telemedicina : trasformazione, rigetto e normalizzazione dei processi di cura all'interno dei sistemi sanitari contemporanei ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7377/1/carlo_botrugno_tesi.pdf.
Texte intégralThe main goal of this work was to critically deal with the process of telemedicine implementation in contemporary healthcare systems of European Union’s member States, paying special attention to the analysis of Italian situation. Despite the scant and inconclusive evidence available in the field, over the last decade, a “public rhetoric” on the positive effects of telemedicine emerged, in close relation with a promotion of the technological innovation process in healthcare led by the European Union in collaboration with medical devices industry. For this reason, a full overview of the development of telemedicine’s policy implementation in the European Union is offered. The overview is enriched by a comparison between Italian and Portuguese political and normative evolutions in the field. Moreover, the doctoral research intended to offer a critical framework through which the quality of doctor-patient interaction mediated by telemedicine applications can be assessed. For this reason, an empirical research on the efficiency of an already established tele-orthopaedic service in Bologna Rizzoli Hospital was carried out. Finally, the research concluded with a report coming from the analysis on the operation of the ‘Telessaúde’ Brazilian Healthcare National Programme. This programme represent nowadays one of the most developed networks of telemedicine all over the world, despite the fact that Brazilian Federal Council of Medicine banned any form of ICT mediated doctor-patient interaction since the emanation of first democratic constitution, in 1988.
Frasson, Francesca <1995>. « “Il lavoro di cura e di assistenza a domicilio degli anziani durante l’emergenza sanitaria da Covid-19 : Esperienze di lavoratrici della cura, assistiti e famiglie in Veneto ” ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/19257.
Texte intégralLavalle, Tiziana <1957>. « L'utilizzo dei casi di studio per favorire l'apprendimento di metodologie e strumenti per lo sviluppo organizzativo o di percorsi di cura nelle aziende sanitarie ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6488/2/Lavalle_Tiziana_tesi.pdf.
Texte intégralEducation, in health care, is a great lever to orient behaviors. The usual training methods are not the most effective, especially in continuing or “long-life” education. The primary objective is to determine if the “case study” methodology, normally used in empirical research, can help health professionals to learn methods and tools about organizational and managerial domain, starting from description of processes, decisions, results in real contexts. The case studies were designed and built, with descriptive methodology, in two Local Health Authorities, the first-one in Piacenza and the second-one in Bologna. The cases have different study objects: the continuity of care in a cohort of patients with stroke and use of tools for monitoring the conditions of their autonomy; the adoption of “patient-centred” approach in a patient with COPD at home and caregiver engagement into self-care and self-monitoring; the perception that caregivers, General Practitioners and other professionals have about Dementia and Alzheimer’s network; the fallout of the training 2013 of pediatricians in their clinical activity. The case studies are accompanied by “teaching note” for teachers and have been subjected to 4 referees for the evaluation of methodology used and contents. The second case has been submitted to 130 professionals in the path of “skills and potentials assessment” realized in Bologna’s Local Authority. The referees have commented on the contents of each case, the method of presentation and reading tools of the organization, emphasizing usability, approving the methodology used, the conjugation between different areas of clinical care and organizational areas, and teaching notes. They provided helpful suggestions for administration in education. At the end of each case there is the evaluation of each of the referees.
Lavalle, Tiziana <1957>. « L'utilizzo dei casi di studio per favorire l'apprendimento di metodologie e strumenti per lo sviluppo organizzativo o di percorsi di cura nelle aziende sanitarie ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6488/.
Texte intégralEducation, in health care, is a great lever to orient behaviors. The usual training methods are not the most effective, especially in continuing or “long-life” education. The primary objective is to determine if the “case study” methodology, normally used in empirical research, can help health professionals to learn methods and tools about organizational and managerial domain, starting from description of processes, decisions, results in real contexts. The case studies were designed and built, with descriptive methodology, in two Local Health Authorities, the first-one in Piacenza and the second-one in Bologna. The cases have different study objects: the continuity of care in a cohort of patients with stroke and use of tools for monitoring the conditions of their autonomy; the adoption of “patient-centred” approach in a patient with COPD at home and caregiver engagement into self-care and self-monitoring; the perception that caregivers, General Practitioners and other professionals have about Dementia and Alzheimer’s network; the fallout of the training 2013 of pediatricians in their clinical activity. The case studies are accompanied by “teaching note” for teachers and have been subjected to 4 referees for the evaluation of methodology used and contents. The second case has been submitted to 130 professionals in the path of “skills and potentials assessment” realized in Bologna’s Local Authority. The referees have commented on the contents of each case, the method of presentation and reading tools of the organization, emphasizing usability, approving the methodology used, the conjugation between different areas of clinical care and organizational areas, and teaching notes. They provided helpful suggestions for administration in education. At the end of each case there is the evaluation of each of the referees.
Pedro, Suzete Contrera de Moura. « Avaliacao da qualidade higienico sanitaria dos locais de venda e de amostras de queijo Minas meia cura, comercializado na cidade de Sao Paulo ». Sao Paulo : [s.n.], 2003. http://www.fsp.usp.br/laudio/sons/teses/dr%5FSuzetti/Dr%5FSuzetti%5Fres.wma.
Texte intégralAdami, Vittoria <1995>. « La tubercolosi in Cina : il sistema sanitario e le politiche per il controllo, la prevenzione e la cura, con repertorio terminografico italiano-cinese ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/16720.
Texte intégralSouza, Sérgio Roberto Gomes de. « \'Desnervados, desfibrados e amarelos\' em busca de cura : saúde pública no Acre territorial (1904 a 1930) ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-15012015-184237/.
Texte intégralThe organization and offering of public health services in Acre remote to the first decade of the twentieth century, a period in which this place was definitely attached to the Brazilian territory through the Treaty of Petrópolis between Brazil and Bolivia, dated November 17, 1903. The process of administrative organization of Acre was troubled. Contrary mainly rubber growers and traders based in the region, the federal government opted to turn it into a Union Territory administered by dividing it in sequence, in three departments: Alto Acre, Alto Juruá and Alto Purus, where departmental prefects were appointed. During the period, there are several records on public health, emphasizing the concepts that prevailed when it came to explain that caused existing morbid conditions. Such filings were mainly found in reports sent to the Ministry of Justice and Internal Business. The passage of a committee of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute in Amazonia and specifically in Acre between the years 1912 and 1913, prompted the development of several counterpoints theories which until then was constituted in reference to explain how aggressively the sites were attacked by a variety of diseases. For the doctors Carlos Chagas, Pacheco Leão, and João Pedro Albuquerque, who formed that committee said, the malaria was the main problem to be faced. The 1920s decade brought some administrative changes to the Territory of Acre. The period branded the end of the regime of Department, being instituted administrative centralization and the figure of governors also appointed by the federal government. José Vasconcelos da Cunha Thomas and Hugo Ribeiro Carneiro were those who remained in office for a longer period. They both reported actions to the \"hospital rigging of Acre.\" Despite reports, almost nothing was actually changed on it, where that keeping the difficulties that the inhabitants of Acre had to have access to medical services and medicines, which contributed to that sought by other healing arts
BOURAT, HUGUES. « A propos du centre de post-cure sanitaire de limoges : centre de readaptation pour malades mentaux adultes : tentative de synthese de la notion de prevention en sante mentale : etude epidemiologique retrospective sur 181 dossiers ». Limoges, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIMO0191.
Texte intégralBelli, Silvia. « Gli effetti del light touch sul controllo posturale in stazione eretta nelle persone con esiti di stroke : revisione della letteratura ». Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21962/.
Texte intégralPalomar, Aumatell Xavier. « Ús del llenguatge estandarditzat Nursing Interventions Classification per a la mesura de la intensitat de cures infermeres a una unitat de crítics ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/456377.
Texte intégralThe results obtained with the thesis: "Use of the standardized language Nursing Intervention Classification for the measurement of the intensity of care in a unit of critics" are the following: in the first phase, from a group of experts and with the Delphi technique in electronic format, a total of 183 interventions of the taxonomy Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) were chosen of the most used in the critical care units of Catalan hospitals. In addition, it was determined which time is required for each of the interventions to carry them out, following the same format used by the taxonomy itself. Emphasize that 90% of the interventions remained the same time that the taxonomy determined by these, this confirms the adaptation of this international taxonomy to our reality. Based on the consensus interventions in the first phase, the use of these NIC interventions were carried out in the second phase of study to be able to measure the intensity of care in a unit of critics. In this phase, it could be shown that the NIC taxonomy estimates the intensity of care in an individualized way for each patient. Based on this intensity of care, it is also possible to estimate the workforce of the nursing professionals required to guarantee quality and safety care for the patients. The intensity of care measured from the NIC taxonomy showed a good correlation with validated scales to measure the intensity of care in intensive care units such as the Nursing Activities Score scale (NAS). With the results obtained, a new tool is offered to the managers to determine the needs of professionals who have the ICU a priori, before starting the turn, characteristic that none of the current measurement scales present.
Los resultados que se obtuvieron con la tesis: "Uso del lenguaje estandarizado Nursing Intervention Classification para la medida de la intensidad de cuidados a una unidad de críticos" son los siguientes: en la primera fase, a partir de un grupo de expertos y con la técnica Delphi en formato electrónico, se consensuó un total de 183 intervenciones de la taxonomía Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) que más se utilizan en las unidades de críticos de los hospitales catalanes. Además se determinó qué tiempo se requiere para cada una de las intervenciones para llevarlas a cabo, siguiendo el mismo formato que utiliza la propia taxonomía. Destacar que el 90% de las intervenciones se mantuvo el mismo tiempo que la taxonomía determina por estas, esto confirma la adaptación de esta taxonomía internacional a nuestra realidad. A partir de las intervenciones consensuadas en la primera fase, en la segunda fase de estudio se llevó a cabo la utilización de estas intervenciones NIC para poder medir la intensidad de cuidados a una unidad de críticos. En esta fase se pudo demostrar que la taxonomía NIC permite estimar la intensidad de cuidados de forma individualizada para cada enfermo. A partir de este valor de intensidad de cuidados se puede también estimar la plantilla de profesionales enfermeros necesarios para garantizar unos cuidados calidad y con seguridad por pacientes. La intensidad de cuidados medida a partir de la taxonomía NIC presentó muy buena correlación con escalas validadas para medir la intensidad de cuidados en las unidades de cuidados intensivos como es la escala Nursing Activities Score (NAS). Con los resultados que se obtuvieron, se ofrece una nueva herramienta a los gestores para determinar las necesidades de profesionales que tienen las UCI a priori, antes de iniciar el turno, característica que ninguna de las escalas de medida actuales presentan.
Busquets, Surribas Montserrat. « Autonomía e información en el proceso de atención sanitaria a mujeres con cáncer de mama y hombres con enfermedad coronaria ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404279.
Texte intégralThis thesis analyses the contribution of bioethics in respect to patient autonomy and patient rights to the health care information received. The influence of different ways of understanding autonomy and health care in the forms and contents of information and clinical relationship is discussed. With the objective of researching the experience of the patients, the thesis proposes three questions: what is the meaning and the usefulness of information given by health care professionals? what are the aids or benefits and the difficulties in obtaining and understand this information? what is the information received from patients associations?. 20 extensive interviews and 2 focus groups were performed in which participants were women with breast cancer and men with coronary disease. Both diseases carry bad news, the patients need a big amount of information, they bring up difficult decisions and they imply daily life changes. The results were classified in 3 groups, 9 categories and 27 sub categories. The participants pointed out the utility of the information to understand and give sense to their experience, and underlined its importance to face daily life and the possibility for them to be able to take safe decisions. The participants wanted to receive the information and they participated actively and refused to be replaced by family members. However in general, the information obtained was standardized, focused on the disease and on obtaining informed consent. As positive professional attitudes, patients pointed out aspects such as the availability of the professionals, being listened to, the friendliness and the demonstrated interest. As negative professional attitudes they pointed out manifestations of power, the use of technical language, the professionals not listening to the patient, and not giving information. The participants pointed out the influence of the management on the clinic relation, specifically in the short number of professionals and there mobility. The work raises 7 conclusions: 1. The need to advance in the understanding of relational autonomy. 2. The relevance of veracity as a rule in information. 3. The current low ethical validity of informed consent raises doubts about the obtaining and utility or such consent documents. 4. The need to better understands the role of the patient's family whit an accompaniment role, and not letting them take the decisions for the patient. 5. The importance of professional conduct that demonstrate ethical values and principles. 6. The ethic responsibility of the institutions combining the efficiency of the system with the need of people's help. 7. The reliability of information provided by associations and self-help groups.
Bourbour, Ajdari Elena. « Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Emission during Cured-in-Place-Pipe (CIPP) Sewer Pipe Rehabilitation ». ScholarWorks@UNO, 2016. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2126.
Texte intégralLARATRO, SIMONE. « La creazione dell'assistenza basata sul valore attraverso il ridisegno dei processi ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/96132.
Texte intégralThe current thesis tries to shed a light on one of the dilemmas concerning healthcare systems: delivering good care at affordable costs. Therefore, this thesis addresses the issues related to the implementation of the value-based healthcare theory, where “value” is the clinical outcome achieved per resources used. The scope of the thesis is to deduce, through three different viewpoints of analysis, the conditions and drivers that are leading healthcare organizations to enhance their healthcare delivery system in order to create more value for patients. In particular, the thesis stresses the perspective of healthcare operations highlighting how providers tend to redesign healthcare processes to better meet patients’ needs. The thesis touches on different perspectives with regard to the value-based theoretical model. The first two chapters analyze value creation and the conditions of its implementation, looking at these phenomena from the provider’s point of view. In contrast, the last chapter aims to analyze this issue from the patient’s perspective. The thesis makes suggestions on how healthcare organizations should undertake operational changes and deals with value-based healthcare implementation through three different fronts: clinical pathways, operational efficiency, patient’s perspective.
Canini, Andrea. « A construção da presença ativa dos estudantes no Sistema Único de Saúde : o projeto UNIverSSI entre Itália e Brasil ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/169477.
Texte intégralA formação dos profissionais de saúde está vivendo um período de grande crise. Crise marcada pela incapacidade de atualizar as metodologias e os conteúdos de ensino às profundas mudanças ocorridas nas últimas décadas quer no âmbito social, quer no âmbito da saúde. Crise, caracterizada pela fragmentação derivante da hiperespecialização, da assistência meramente reativa aos problemas de saúde da população e do escasso trabalho em equipe, particularmente evidente no campo da Atenção Básica, um setor fundamental para os Sistemas de Saúde universalistas e que se distingue pela sua abordagem integrada, multiprofissional e continuada no cuidado das pessoas. Na Universidade de Bolonha foi criado o projeto Integração entre Universidade e Sistema Sanitário Italiano – UNIverSSI, com a intenção de compartilhar uma experiência de aprendizagem transformadora entre estudantes, pesquisadores e docentes no espectro da Atenção Básica. Este projeto nasce nas redes mais amplas do Laboratório Ítalo-Brasileiro de Formação, Pesquisa e Práticas em Saúde Coletiva e do Núcleo de Educação, Avaliação e Produção Pedagógica em Saúde – EducaSaúde, do qual este último faz parte, cooperação entre o Centro de Saúde Internacional e Intercultural da Universidade de Bolonha, a Região da Emília-Romana, o Ministério da Saúde do Brasil e numerosas universidades e instituições brasileiras. O projeto UNIverSSI se põe em comunicação com a atividade formativa do projeto Vivência e Estágio na Realidade do Sistema Único de Saúde – VER-SUS, criado no Brasil em 2006, e representa, portanto, uma experimentação de aprendizagem colaborativa interprofissional no cenário da saúde global, apontando reforço dos Sistemas de Saúde locais e o direito à saúde. A metodologia de pesquisa e a coleta de dados embasaram-se em múltiplas ferramentas, enquanto a análise dos dados foi efetuada através de uma técnica qualitativa, a análise temática indutiva, ao fim de valorizar as percepções e as interpretações de estudante e monitores que fizeram parte do projeto. Os resultados apontam que favorecer uma abordagem multiprofissional, interdisciplinar e de equipe, integradora entre ensino-serviço-território, e baseada no envolvimento direto dos estudantes na realização das atividades pode proporcionar uma valiosa experiência de aprendizagem da Atenção Básica e implicação com seus princípios.
LIU, DAN. « Saggi su politiche pubbliche e tutela della salute ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/12010.
Texte intégralThis dissertation includes three chapters which focus on the relationship between public policies and healthcare. The first chapter examines whether tax policy is effective in changing the unhealthy drinking behaviours of individuals. My findings suggest that the VAT rate increase is effective in reducing the consumption of spirits, beer and carbonated beverages, while it is not effective for wine. However, this general result change when looking at sub-groups of individuals. The second chapter studies how real minimum wages affect population health in China. I conclude that real minimum wages are negatively and significantly related to population health, a result which might be explained by the role of more stressful working conditions as a consequence of a higher minimum wage. Finally, the third chapter analyses the effects of incentive mechanisms on the behaviours of primary health workers and the subsequent effects on the quality of hypertension management. The empirical investigation suggests that negative financial incentives could motivate primary health workers and improve the quality of hypertension management. However, neither positive financial incentives nor different modes of performance evaluation are significantly related to the quality of hypertension management.
Bullich, Marín Íngrid. « L’entorn de treball de les infermeres a les unitats sociosanitàries d’atenció intermèdia de Catalunya : valoració, factors relacionats i impacte en els resultats de l’avaluació ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404099.
Texte intégralBACKGROUND: Nursing care quality is related to many factors, both individual and organizational, mainly the nursing work environment (NWE). A positive NWE is related to a better perceived nurses’ satisfaction and better outcomes for patients. AIMS: To assess nurses’ perception on the NWE in intermediate care units (ICU) and to analyze nurses’ traits and practice settings features regarding this assessment. To determine the impact of the NWE assessed on clinical and nurse-sensitive outcomes. METHODOLOGY: Descriptive, observational, cross-sectional, multicenter prospective approach, conducted in 14 centers in which subacute activity of the ICU was contracted by CatSalut in 2013. First phase: study of the NWE in ICU. A questionnaire which contains the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI), with 31 items and 5 factors ("Resources adequacy", "Leadership", "Relationships", "Participation" and "Foundations"), was used. Second phase: analysis of the specific individual traits of nurses and practice settings associated with the evaluation of the PES-NWI and factors using logistic regression models. Relations between the assessment of the PES-NWI and factors and eight indicators identified as nursing sensitive outcomes which are included in the evaluation of the ICU in Central de Resultats (by Health System Obserbatory of Catalonia) was examined . RESULTS: Of 501 nurses in 14 health and social centers, 388 participated (77% response). The mean score of the PES-NWI was 84,75 (limits 31-124). Nine centers obtained a favorable evaluation of the NWE and five mixed. The best rated factor was "Relationships" and the worst "Resources adequacy". A favorable evaluation of the NWE and each factor is associated with specific work units, some working features and professional training of nurses, as well as, specific characteristics of the centers. A statistically significant association was found between the factor "Resources adequacy" and the incidence of grade III-IV ulcers in convalescence-postacute units (rs=0,614; p=0,020); between the median length of stay in subacute units and the factor "Relationships” (rs=0,577; p=0,031) and between the factor "Leadership" and the percentage of episodes of convalescence-postacute that are discharged at home (rs=-0,596; p=0,025). No significant difference between the global score of PES-NWI and the rest of achieved patient outcomes in ICUs was found. CONCLUSIONS: In most centers the NWE and factors are perceived as favorable, except "Resources adequacy". Association was found between some factors of the NWE and some patient outcomes, although in the ICU better patients outcomes were not related to higher total scores of the PES-NWI.
ANTECEDENTES: La atención intermedia ha mostrado ser una alternativa efectiva para mejorar algunos resultados del sistema sanitario. El equipo de enfermería es el más numeroso de las unidades sociosanitarias de atención intermedia (USSAI) y la calidad de la atención que prestan se relaciona con múltiples factores, individuales y organizativos, entre los que destaca el entorno de trabajo. La evidencia muestra que un ambiente de trabajo favorable se asocia con mejores resultados, tanto en pacientes como en enfermeras. OBJETIVOS: Medir la percepción de les enfermeras de las USSAI de su entorno de trabajo y analizar las características individuales y de los centros sociosanitarios (CSS) que se relacionan con esta valoración. Determinar el impacto de la percepción del entorno de trabajo enfermero en los resultados clínico-asistenciales y de morbi-mortalidad de las USSAI. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio descriptivo, observacional, transversal, con enfoque prospectivo y multicéntrico, realizado en los 14 CSS con USSAI que empezaron actividad en la línea de atención de subagudos el año 2013 contractada por el CatSalut. Primera fase: estudio del entorno de trabajo de las enfermeras en las USSAI mediante un cuestionario que contiene la Practice Environment Scale of the nursing Work Index (PES-NWI), compuesta por 31 ítems y 5 factores (“Dotación”, “Liderazgo”, “Relaciones”, “Participación” i “Fundamentos”). Segunda fase: análisis de las particularidades de las enfermeras y de los CSS asociadas a la valoración del entorno de trabajo enfermero y los cinco factores de la PES-NWI utilizando modelos de regresión logística. Se examina si la PES-NWI y sus factores se relacionan con ocho indicadores de resultado sensibles a la práctica enfermera y recogidos en la Central de Resultados del Observatorio de Salud de Cataluña. RESULTADOS: De 501 enfermeras participaron 388 (77% de respuesta). La puntuación media de la PES-NWI fue de 84,75 (límites 31-124). Nueve centros obtuvieron una valoración del entorno de trabajo favorable y cinco mixto. El factor mejor valorado fue el factor «Relaciones» y el peor el factor “Dotación”. La valoración favorable del entorno de trabajo enfermero y de cada uno de los factores se asoció a determinadas unidades de trabajo, a algunas características laborales, profesionales y formativas de las enfermeras, así como a características concretas de los centros. Se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre: el factor “Dotación” y la incidencia de úlceras de grado III-IV en convalecencia-postagudos (rs=0,614; p=0,020); entre la estancia mediana en subagudos y el factor “Relaciones” (rs=0,577; p=0,031); y entre el factor “Liderazgo” y el porcentaje de episodios de convalecencia-postagudos con destinación a domicilio (rs=-0,596; p=0,025). No hubo relación significativa entre la puntuación total de la PES-NWI y el resto de los indicadores de resultado en pacientes conseguidos por las USSAI. CONCLUSIONES: En la mayoría de CSS el entorno de trabajo y sus factores son percibidos como favorables, excepto el factor “Dotación”. Se han encontrado asociaciones entre algunos factores y algunos indicadores de resultado, pero la consecución de mejores resultados e pacientes de las USSAI no se corresponde con una valoración superior de la puntuación total de la PES-NWI.
FERRI, ALESSANDRO. « Progettazione e analisi di EHR territoriali ed eterogenei per analisi socio-sanitarie ». Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/291125.
Texte intégralIt is now a matter of fact that lifestyle has implications and consequences on a person's general health. However, less consolidated and proven is the assumption that in addition to a lifestyle, mainly represented by nutrition and physical activity, variables that refer to the socio-economic area also affect. Education, unemployment, income, inequalities, poverty, crime, housing and social understanding, for example, are all elements that can have health affect. From this point of view, it can be significant to explore variables and statistical relationships between a person's lifestyle, well-being and quality of life, economic, social and health factors. The purpose is, through the application of statistical algorithms and Machine Learning (ML), to search for patterns, relationships, correlations, causality between the different socio-economic variables. In the current state of the art, ML algorithms allow to identify new predictive signals of the onset of certain diseases or to identify correlations not yet known between the results of various commonly prescribed clinical tests, pathologies and drugs administered. A predictive and preventive medicine also enables a therapeutic and behavioral personalization. Awareness of the patient can make him participate and aware in the faculty of being able to change his life conduct in an anticipatory phase, or in the initial stages of illness, to share the treatment process with the doctor who assists him. The proposed analysis must be carried out, albeit in an experimental, prototype and detailed manner, in the current state of the Italian healthcare context, technologies, organizations and existing regulations on data processing. The project described by this thesis is to create a prototype of a system that allows to predict the risk factors for health by searching for causality and correlations between the different psycho-physical conditions and the individual socio-economic situation. The achievement of this goal depends on the realization of some essential points: • identification of a starting clinical-medically data source (Electronic Health Record); • organization and people; • methods and technological tools for the collection of socio-economic data; • pre-processing and alignment of clinical and socio-economic data; • construction of a clinical and socio-economic dataset; • statistical analysis and ML approaches to search for causality and correlations between the different psycho-physical conditions and the individual socio-economic situation. As a first step, the thesis aims to grasp the difficulties and problems to collect a clinical and socio-economic dataset. The preliminary results, from the statistical analysis and ML approaches on this heterogeneous dataset, can lay the foundations for the development of a clinical decision support system that aims to provide preventive medicine. The contributions of this work to the state of the art are: • Creation of an intersection dataset of areas, in particular medical-socio-economic, on which to carry out longitudinal studies. The dataset was constructed by extrapolating the information from the general medicine EHRs of family doctors, combined with social variables, inspired by and attributable to the indices for Fair and Sustainable Wellbeing (BES) defined by ISTAT; • Statistical analysis on clinical and socio-economic variables (between the lifestyle, well-being and quality of life of the person and economic, social and health factors) to identify correlations between the different psycho-physical conditions and the socio-economic situation individual; • Preliminary estimate of a biological age sub-index with an ML model. The predictors are derived from lifestyle indicators and patient clinical characteristics extracted from the proposed EHR. The simultaneous analysis and comparison of the correlations applied to the relationship dataset produced shows, for some socio-economic variables, a significant correlation with the clinical variables. The coefficients are particularly high if calculated for age groups, over 50 years and especially in the 50-60 cluster age. The attend at a sport club and economic satisfaction have a high inverse (negative) correlation with the prescription of drugs: a high number of drugs prescribed is correlated with the non attend to a sport club and low economic satisfaction. More outcomes and prescribed diagnostic tests correspond to a generalized low trust toward people.
CIULLA, Alessandra. « FAMIGLIE MIGRANTI E SERVIZI DI CURA MATERNO-INFANTILE : UNA PROSPETTIVA INTERCULTURALE IN AMBITO SANITARIO ». Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/94834.
Texte intégralLA, RUSSA RAFFAELE. « Medicina legale e diritto sanitario : la garanzia della "sicurezza delle cure" attraverso i Comitati Valutazione Sinistri. Analisi dell'esperienza maturata presso il Policlinico Umberto I e l'Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Sant'Andrea ». Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1223653.
Texte intégralPERUGI, GIULIA. « Il progetto dello spazio terapeutico. L'umanizzazione dell'architettura dei luoghi di assistenza e cura ». Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1386474.
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