Articles de revues : « Cultural priming studie »

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Chiao, Joan Y., Tokiko Harada, Hidetsugu Komeda, Zhang Li, Yoko Mano, Daisuke Saito, Todd B. Parrish, Norihiro Sadato et Tetsuya Iidaka. « Dynamic Cultural Influences on Neural Representations of the Self ». Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 22, n^o 1 (janvier 2010) : 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21192.

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People living in multicultural environments often encounter situations which require them to acquire different cultural schemas and to switch between these cultural schemas depending on their immediate sociocultural context. Prior behavioral studies show that priming cultural schemas reliably impacts mental processes and behavior underlying self-concept. However, less well understood is whether or not cultural priming affects neurobiological mechanisms underlying the self. Here we examined whether priming cultural values of individualism and collectivism in bicultural individuals affects neural activity in cortical midline structures underlying self-relevant processes using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Biculturals primed with individualistic values showed increased activation within medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) during general relative to contextual self-judgments, whereas biculturals primed with collectivistic values showed increased response within MPFC and PCC during contextual relative to general self-judgments. Moreover, degree of cultural priming was positively correlated with degree of MPFC and PCC activity during culturally congruent self-judgments. These findings illustrate the dynamic influence of culture on neural representations underlying the self and, more broadly, suggest a neurobiological basis by which people acculturate to novel environments.

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Gianola, Morgan, Beatriz E. Yepes et Elizabeth A. Reynolds Losin. « Selection and Characterization of Cultural Priming Stimuli for the Activation of Spanish and English Cultural Mindsets Among Hispanic/Latino Bilinguals in the United States ». Social Psychology 51, n^o 6 (novembre 2020) : 422–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000426.

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Abstract. Cultural priming studies frequently employ non-validated, stereotypical images. Here, we empirically select images to separately evoke two cultural mindsets: Hispanic and US-American. Spanish-English bilinguals identifying as Hispanic/Latino ( N = 149) rated 50 images online for their cultural and emotional evocation. Based on relative cultural identification, cultural “delegate” (strongly US-American, strongly Hispanic, balanced bicultural) subsamples’ ratings were averaged to isolate particularly salient images. Image ratings were compared across respondents’ national origins. Ratings of seven selected pairs of content-matched Hispanic and US-American primes were compared across the full sample. High discrimination across cultural mindsets and positive emotion ratings were maintained regardless of various demographic factors. Thus, we provide empirical justification for incorporating these stimuli, individually or as sets, within cultural priming studies among Hispanic/Latino samples.

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Tuchina, O. D., A. B. Kholmogorova, T. V. Agibalova, D. I. Shustov, M. S. Zastrozhin et O. V. Rychkova. « Priming Future Cultural Identities in Self-Defining Future Projections : Findings of a Pilot Online Cross-Sectional Study ». Cultural-Historical Psychology 17, n^o 3 (2021) : 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/chp.2021170314.

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A pilot cross-sectional online study attempts to clarify the role of implicit sociocultural attitudes in future thinking and tests a hypothesis that the implicit activation of Individualism / Collectivism concepts changes the content and other characteristics of self-relevant images of the future — self-defining future projections (SDFPs). The study performed in 2019-2020 involved 191 people, mean age — M = 36.9 (SD = 10.4) years. Group 1 underwent Individualism priming: 108 people (11.2% of males), mean age — M = 37.6 (SD = 1.04) years. Group 2 underwent Collectivism priming: 83 people (22.9% of males), age — M = 36 years (SD = 1.13). No significant sociodemographic between-group differences were found (p<0.05). Two versions of the online survey (one with an Individualism priming task and another with a Collectivism priming task) were randomly sent to students and teachers of Russian higher education institutions. After completing the priming task, the respondents constructed SDFPs in line with the definition provided and evaluated their quality. Experts rated SDFP thematic content, integration of meaning and specificity in accordance with valid coding pro¬cedures. Collectivism / Individualism levels were assessed using the INDCOL test. The priming procedure had a small significant effect on SDFP thematic content, interpersonal orientation, and specificity. It was more prominent in the Collectivism priming, although expected correlations between the Individualism and feelings of the Autonomy and Competence need satisfaction in SDFPs were also found. Collectivism seemed to strengthen future thinking overgenerality and to hinder the capacity to reflect on one’s own future. On the contrary, Individualism involves taking personal responsibility, but it seemed to enhance the need for Relatedness and social support (a protective factor in depressive conditions) in a compensatory manner. The data contributes to a further understanding of implicit influences on future thinking and suggest that it is the balance of the Collectivism and Individualism values that is crucial for mental health.

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Bohner, Gerd, et Michaela Wänke. « Priming of AIDS and Reactions to Infidelity : Are Sex Differences in Jealousy Context-Dependent ? » Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie 35, n^o 3 (janvier 2004) : 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0044-3514.35.3.107.

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Abstract: Context effects on men's and women's reactions to infidelity were studied in a laboratory experiment. University students (71 male, 54 female) were randomly assigned to either a neutral-priming control condition or a condition where AIDS was primed unobtrusively. Then they reported whether emotional or sexual infidelity of their partner would distress them more, and rated their degree of distress for each type of infidelity. Men (vs. women) reported greater distress in response to sexual (vs. emotional) infidelity in the neutral-priming condition, whereas no sex differences were observed in the AIDS-priming condition. Most participants were unaware of the priming. The results are discussed in relation to evolutionary and socio-cultural explanations of sex differences in jealousy.

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Shin, Lilian J., Seth M. Margolis, Lisa C. Walsh, Sylvia Y. C. L. Kwok, Xiaodong Yue, Chi-Keung Chan, Nicolson Yat-Fan Siu, Kennon M. Sheldon et Sonja Lyubomirsky. « Cultural Differences in the Hedonic Rewards of Recalling Kindness : Priming Cultural Identity with Language ». Affective Science 2, n^o 1 (mars 2021) : 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42761-020-00029-3.

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AbstractRecent theory suggests that members of interdependent (collectivist) cultures prioritize in-group happiness, whereas members of independent (individualist) cultures prioritize personal happiness (Uchida et al. Journal of Happiness Studies, 5(3), 223–239 Uchida et al., 2004). Thus, the well-being of friends and family may contribute more to the emotional experience of individuals with collectivist rather than individualist identities. We tested this hypothesis by asking participants to recall a kind act they had done to benefit either close others (e.g., family members) or distant others (e.g., strangers). Study 1 primed collectivist and individualist cultural identities by asking bicultural undergraduates (N = 357) from Hong Kong to recall kindnesses towards close versus distant others in both English and Chinese, while Study 2 compared university students in the USA (n = 106) and Hong Kong (n = 93). In Study 1, after being primed with the Chinese language (but not after being primed with English), participants reported significantly improved affect valence after recalling kind acts towards friends and family than after recalling kind acts towards strangers. Extending this result, in Study 2, respondents from Hong Kong (but not the USA) who recalled kind acts towards friends and family showed higher positive affect than those who recalled kind acts towards strangers. These findings suggest that people with collectivist cultural identities may have relatively more positive and less negative emotional experiences when they focus on prosocial interactions with close rather than weak ties.

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Ma, Yidan, Weifeng Xue, Guang Zhao, Shen Tu et Yong Zheng. « Romantic Love and Attentional Biases Toward Attractive Alternatives and Rivals : Long-Term Relationship Maintenance Among Female Chinese College Students ». Evolutionary Psychology 17, n^o 4 (1 octobre 2019) : 147470491989760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474704919897601.

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Studies about heterosexual individuals’ long-term relationship maintenance have indicated that committed individuals possess evolved psychological mechanisms that help protect their ongoing romantic relationships against threats from attractive others during early stage attentional processing when mating-related motivation is activated. In this study, two experiments tested the relationship maintenance mechanism among committed female college students in the Chinese cultural context under different love priming conditions. Committed Chinese women displayed inattention to attractive alternatives in positive love-scenario priming (Study 1: 114 female undergraduates, age range = 18–26 years), subliminal semantic love priming (Study 2: 110 female undergraduates, age range = 18–25 years), and baseline conditions (Studies 1 and 2). Those with high levels of chronic jealousy showed significantly increased attention to and difficulty disengaging attention from attractive rivals when subliminally primed with love. This provides further evidence, from an Eastern cultural context, for the existence of attentional biases toward attractive alternatives and rivals in early stage attentional processes for relationship maintenance. This research also illustrates the important role of romantic love in maintaining long-term romantic relationships.

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Chen, Haipeng (Allan), Sharon Ng et Akshay R. Rao. « Cultural Differences in Consumer Impatience ». Journal of Marketing Research 42, n^o 3 (août 2005) : 291–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.2005.42.3.291.

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In this article, the authors examine cross-cultural variations in how people discount the future. Specifically, they predict that people from Western cultures are relatively less patient and therefore discount the future to a greater degree than do people from Eastern cultures, and thus Westerners value immediate consumption relatively more. Furthermore, on the basis of regulatory focus theory, the authors predict that when Easterners are faced with the threat of a delay in receiving a product (i.e., a prevention loss), they are more impatient, whereas when Westerners are faced with the threat of not being able to enjoy a product early (i.e., a promotion loss), their impatience increases. This enhanced impatience manifests in preference for expedited consumption of a product purchased online in two studies. In both studies, the authors used a priming methodology on “bicultural” Singaporean participants; the results support the predictions. In the second study, they also found evidence in support of the process-based explanation for the interaction between culture and message framing.

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Kemmelmeier, Markus, et Belinda Yan-Ming Cheng. « Language and Self-Construal Priming ». Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 35, n^o 6 (novembre 2004) : 705–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022104270112.

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Suh, Eunkook M., ED Diener et John A. Updegraff. « From Culture To Priming Conditions ». Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 39, n^o 1 (janvier 2008) : 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022107311769.

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Jiao, Jingjing, et Jun Zhao. « Individualism, Collectivism, and Allocation Behavior : Evidence from the Ultimatum Game and Dictator Game ». Behavioral Sciences 13, n^o 2 (14 février 2023) : 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs13020169.

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Studies have demonstrated the influence of the cultural values of individualism and collectivism on individuals’ economic behavior (e.g., competition and trade). By using individualistic and collectivistic texts to prime participants’ minds in a lab experiment, we investigated the impact of the cultural values of individualism and collectivism on allocation behavior in an ultimatum game (UG) and dictator game (DG). In the dictator game, we found that participants in the collectivism-priming condition reported a slightly higher mean offer than in the individualism-priming condition, and participants had an average higher acceptance rate of the proposers’ offer in the collectivism-priming (vs. individualism-priming) condition in the ultimatum game. Our findings suggest that participants exhibit more altruistic allocation behavior and are more tolerant of unfair allocation behavior after being primed by the collectivistic (vs. individualistic) texts. In comparison with participants who did not undergo initiation, we also found that Chinese participants who had been influenced by collectivist values for a long time remained unaffected after the initiation of collectivism, but shifted their allocation behavior (i.e., showed decreased altruistic allocation behavior and reduced tolerance of unfair allocation behavior) when individualism was primed.

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Rohmer, Odile, et Eva Louvet. « Implicit stereotyping against people with disability ». Group Processes & ; Intergroup Relations 21, n^o 1 (28 mars 2016) : 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430216638536.

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Focusing on the two fundamental dimensions underlying stereotype content (warmth/competence), the major aim of the present research was to test implicit stereotyping toward persons with disability. We hypothesized that persons with disability are associated with less warmth than persons without disability and with less competence, especially when a competence-relevant context is activated (work context). Three experimental studies were conducted using two different priming paradigms: conceptual priming (Study 1) and evaluative priming (Studies 2 and 3). In Study 3, context (work vs. control) was introduced as an additional factor. Our results showed that persons with disability were systematically associated with less warmth than persons without disability, and with less competence when priming a work context. These results provide a more comprehensive understanding of discriminatory behaviors toward people with disability, despite legislation promoting equal rights.

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Sato, Wataru, Krystyna Rymarczyk, Kazusa Minemoto, Jakub Wojciechowski et Sylwia Hyniewska. « Cultural Moderation of Unconscious Hedonic Responses to Food ». Nutrients 11, n^o 11 (19 novembre 2019) : 2832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11112832.

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Previous psychological studies have shown that images of food elicit hedonic responses, either consciously or unconsciously, and that participants’ cultural experiences moderate conscious hedonic ratings of food. However, whether cultural factors moderate unconscious hedonic responses to food remains unknown. We investigated this issue in Polish and Japanese participants using the subliminal affective priming paradigm. Images of international fast food and domestic Japanese food were presented subliminally as prime stimuli. Participants rated their preferences for the subsequently presented target ideographs. Participants also rated their preferences for supraliminally presented food images. In the subliminal rating task, Polish participants showed higher preference ratings for fast food primes than for Japanese food primes, whereas Japanese participants showed comparable preference ratings across these two conditions. In the supraliminal rating task, both Polish and Japanese participants reported comparable preferences for fast and Japanese food stimuli. These results suggest that cultural experiences moderate unconscious hedonic responses to food, which may not be detected based on explicit ratings.

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Cho, Jaee, Carmit T. Tadmor et Michael W. Morris. « Are All Diversity Ideologies Creatively Equal ? The Diverging Consequences of Colorblindness, Multiculturalism, and Polyculturalism ». Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 49, n^o 9 (22 août 2018) : 1376–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022118793528.

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In three studies, we examined how diversity ideologies can differentially affect creativity. Building on past research establishing that embracing foreign ideas contributes to creativity in problem solving, we predicted that diversity ideologies would have consequences for cultural creativity through their differential impact on how people would make use of foreign knowledge. We found that colorblindness (the ethos of disregarding cultural differences) was associated with lower cultural creativity through reduced inclusion of foreign ideas. Polyculturalism (the ethos of fostering intercultural interaction) was associated with higher cultural creativity through greater inclusion of foreign ideas. Finally, we found that classical multiculturalism (the ethos of preserving separate cultural traditions) had no effects on creative problem solving. Results held across different populations of participants (Americans, Israelis), different measures of creativity (flexibility, novelty), and different ways of probing ideologies (individual differences, experimental priming). These results indicate that diversity ideologies not only affect how people treat foreign people but also how they treat foreign ideas, with implications for their creativity.

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Gruneau Brulin, Joel, Peter C. Hill, Kristin Laurin, Mario Mikulincer et Pehr Granqvist. « Religion vs. the welfare state—the importance of cultural context for religious schematicity and priming. » Psychology of Religion and Spirituality 10, n^o 3 (août 2018) : 276–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/rel0000200.

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WESTERHOF, GERBEN J., KAROLIEN HARINK, MARTINE VAN SELM, MADELIJN STRICK et RICK VAN BAAREN. « Filling a missing link : the influence of portrayals of older characters in television commercials on the memory performance of older adults ». Ageing and Society 30, n^o 5 (16 mars 2010) : 897–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x10000152.

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ABSTRACTThe portrayal of older characters in television commercials has over time become more varied and positive. This study examines how different portrayals of older characters relate to self-stereotyping, a process through which older individuals apply their beliefs about older people in general to themselves and behave accordingly. The study thereby seeks to connect, as few have previously done, cultural studies and critiques of media portrayals with psychological studies of the effects of self-stereotyping. Sixty participants aged 65–75 years were primed with television commercials that portrayed older characters in different ways: ‘warm and incompetent’, ‘warm and competent’, and ‘cold and competent’. It was hypothesised that priming with warm/incompetent portrayals would have a negative effect on memory performance because such representations match the dominant stereotype, and that the effect would occur only among older people who identify with their own age group. It was found that the participants who identified with their own age group did indeed show impaired memory performance after priming with warm/incompetent portrayals, but also that the same effect was found after priming with warm/competent portrayals. The findings are discussed in terms of resistance against stereotyping by older individuals themselves as well as by media producers.

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Khukhlaev, O. E., et E. A. Аlexandrova. « Religion and intergroup conflict : modern studies of religious fundamentalism ». Современная зарубежная психология 7, n^o 4 (2018) : 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2018070404.

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The article contains an overview of modern approaches to the question of whether beliefs, specifically religious relations, practices or religious groups are the cause of intergroup conflict. The considered key arguments «for» and «against» the decisive role of religion in the intergroup opposition that is related to the religious factor do not allow drawing definite conclusions. Studies show that the role of a key variable in the structure of interreligious hostility - religious fundamentalism – is extremely ambiguous and strongly depends on the characteristics of the situation (for example, the nature of priming with religious texts), and on the cultural context. The specificity of micro and macro levels in a particular situation can lead to both – an increase and a leveling out of the «religion-specific» factor in intergroup opposition.

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Delgado, Naira, Armando Rodríguez-Pérez, Jeroen Vaes, Jacques-Philippe Leyens et Verónica Betancor. « Priming Effects of Violence on Infrahumanization ». Group Processes & ; Intergroup Relations 12, n^o 6 (21 octobre 2009) : 699–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430209344607.

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Two experiments examine whether exposure to generic violence can display infrahumanization towards out-groups. In Study 1, participants had to solve a lexical decision task after viewing animal or human violent scenes. In Study 2, participants were exposed to either human violent or human suffering pictures before doing a lexical decision task. In both studies, the infrahumanization bias appeared after viewing the human violent pictures but not in the other experimental conditions. These two experiments support the idea of contextual dependency of infrahumanization, and suggest that violence can prime an infrahuman perception of the out-group. Theoretical implications for infrahumanization and potential underlying mechanisms are discussed.

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Ng, Ting Kin, Sik Hung Ng et Shengquan Ye. « Assimilation and Contrast Effects of Culture Priming Among Hong Kong Chinese ». Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 47, n^o 4 (21 février 2016) : 540–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022116631826.

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Matsumoto, David, Ana Maria Anguas-Wong et Elena Martinez. « Priming Effects of Language On Emotion Judgments in Spanish—English Bilinguals ». Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 39, n^o 3 (7 février 2008) : 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022108315489.

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Magid, Kesson, Vera Sarkol et Alex Mesoudi. « Experimental priming of independent and interdependent activity does not affect culturally variable psychological processes ». Royal Society Open Science 4, n^o 5 (mai 2017) : 161025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.161025.

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Cultural psychologists have shown that people from Western countries exhibit more independent self-construal and analytic (rule-based) cognition than people from East Asia, who exhibit more interdependent self-construal and holistic (relationship-based) cognition. One explanation for this cross-cultural variation is the ecocultural hypothesis, which links contemporary psychological differences to ancestral differences in subsistence and societal cohesion: Western thinking formed in response to solitary herding, which fostered independence, while East Asian thinking emerged in response to communal rice farming, which fostered interdependence. Here, we report two experiments that tested the ecocultural hypothesis in the laboratory. In both, participants played one of two tasks designed to recreate the key factors of working alone and working together. Before and after each task, participants completed psychological measures of independent–interdependent self-construal and analytic–holistic cognition. We found no convincing evidence that either solitary or collective tasks affected any of the measures in the predicted directions. This fails to support the ecocultural hypothesis. However, it may also be that our priming tasks are inappropriate or inadequate for simulating subsistence-related behavioural practices, or that these measures are fixed early in development and therefore not experimentally primable, despite many previous studies that have purported to find such priming effects.

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Morris, Michael W., et Kwok Leung. « Creativity East and West : Perspectives and Parallels ». Management and Organization Review 6, n^o 3 (novembre 2010) : 313–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8784.2010.00193.x.

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This Editors' Forum – ‘Creativity East and West’ – presents five papers on the question of cultural differences in creativity from the perspective of different research literatures, followed by two integrative commentaries. The literatures represented include historiometric, laboratory, and organizational studies. Investigation of cultural influences through country comparisons and priming manipulations, focusing on how people perform creatively and how they assess creativity. This introduction notes parallels in the findings across these research perspectives, suggesting some cultural universals in creativity and some systematic differences. Many differences can be explained in terms of the model that creativity means a solution that is both novel/original and useful/appropriate, yet that Western social norms prioritize novelty whereas Eastern norms prioritize usefulness – an account which predicts cultural differences would arise in contexts that activate social norms. The commentaries elaborate this argument in terms of processes – at the micro cognitive level and at the macro societal level – through which creativity occurs.

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Bowman, Marion. « Leonard Norman Primiano (1957–2021) ». Folklore 133, n^o 1 (2 janvier 2022) : 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0015587x.2021.2008143.

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Sik Hung Ng et Julian C. L. Lai. « Effects of Culture Priming on the Social Connectedness of the Bicultural Self ». Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 40, n^o 2 (mars 2009) : 170–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022108328818.

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Kendrick, James. « Disturbing New Pathways : Psycho and the Priming of the Audience ». Journal of Popular Film and Television 38, n^o 1 (26 février 2010) : 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01956050903293014.

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Gibson, Lisanne. « Piazzas or Stadiums ». Museum Worlds 1, n^o 1 (1 juillet 2013) : 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/armw.2013.010107.

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Over the last twenty-five years or so there has been a ‘cultural turn’ in urban development strategies. An analysis of the academic literature over this period reveals that the role of new museums in such developments has oft en been viewed reductively as brands of cultural distinction with economic pump priming objectives. Over the same twenty-five year period there has also been what is termed here a ‘libertarian turn’ in museum studies and museology. Counterposing discussions of the museum’s role within urban development with discussions from within the museum studies literature on the ‘post-museum’ reveals the dichotomous nature of these approaches to the museum. This article proposes instead a consideration of the phenomenotechnics of new museum developments. This approach presents a way of taking account of both technical and symbolic conditions and characteristics and in doing so, it is hoped, provides a way of analyzing the ‘realpolitik’ of the role of museums in urban development.

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Alvarez, Mauricio J., et Markus Kemmelmeier. « Free speech as a cultural value in the United States ». Journal of Social and Political Psychology 5, n^o 2 (5 février 2018) : 707–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v5i2.590.

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Political orientation influences support for free speech, with liberals often reporting greater support for free speech than conservatives. We hypothesized that this effect should be moderated by cultural context: individualist cultures value individual self-expression and self-determination, and collectivist cultures value group harmony and conformity. These different foci should differently influence liberals and conservatives’ support for free speech within these cultures. Two studies evaluated the joint influence of political orientation and cultural context on support for free speech. Study 1, using a multilevel analysis of data from 37 U.S. states (n = 1,001), showed that conservatives report stronger support for free speech in collectivist states, whereas there were no differences between conservatives and liberals in support for free speech in individualist states. Study 2 (n = 90) confirmed this pattern by priming independent and interdependent self-construals in liberals and conservatives. Results demonstrate the importance of cultural context for free speech. Findings suggest that in the U.S. support for free speech might be embraced for different reasons: conservatives’ support for free speech appears to be motivated by a focus on collectively held values favoring free speech, while liberals’ support for free speech might be motivated by a focus on individualist self-expression.

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Jang, Daisung, et Do-Yeong Kim. « Increasing Implicit Life Satisfaction ». Social Behavior and Personality : an international journal 39, n^o 2 (1 mars 2011) : 229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2011.39.2.229.

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We carried out 3 studies in which methods to increase implicit life satisfaction in collectivist participants were investigated. In Study 1, participants were instructed to recall their day from a positive perspective, each day for a total of 17 days. While some participants explicitly rated their lives as being less negative, this did not result in implicit life satisfaction changes in those participants. In Study 2, the participants were exposed to supraliminal priming of the concept My Life with positive valences, but the effects of this exposure on explicit and implicit life satisfaction proved not to be significant. In Study 3, an increase in implicit life satisfaction resulted from inducing moods in a fashion consistent with the collectivist cultural framework, but not with the individualist cultural framework. However, no changes in explicit life satisfaction were noted in this study.

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Aarts, Henk, Masanori Oikawa et Haruka Oikawa. « Cultural and Universal Routes to Authorship Ascription : Effects of Outcome Priming on Experienced Self-Agency in the Netherlands and Japan ». Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 41, n^o 1 (7 octobre 2009) : 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022109349511.

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Altarriba, Jeanette, et Tina M. Canary. « The Influence of Emotional Arousal on Affective Priming in Monolingual and Bilingual Speakers ». Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 25, n^o 2-3 (juin 2004) : 248–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01434630408666531.

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Andrews, Ginger. « Primping in the Rearview Mirror ». Hudson Review 55, n^o 2 (2002) : 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3852998.

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Magliocco, Sabina. « Leonard Norman Primiano (1957–2021) ». Journal of American Folklore 135, n^o 536 (1 avril 2022) : 250–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/15351882.135.536.12.

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Kreidler, John. « Modeling the future of US arts policy : Beyond supply-side pump-priming ». Cultural Trends 22, n^o 3-4 (décembre 2013) : 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09548963.2013.817643.

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Gnambs, Timo. « Limited evidence for the effect of red color on cognitive performance : A meta-analysis ». Psychonomic Bulletin & ; Review 27, n^o 6 (7 juillet 2020) : 1374–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-020-01772-1.

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AbstractRed color supposedly affects cognitive functioning in achievement situations and impairs test performance. Although this has been shown for different cognitive domains in different populations and cultural contexts, recent studies including close replications failed to corroborate this effect. Reported here is a random-effects meta-analysis of 67 effect sizes (38 samples) that compared test performance after viewing red or a control color. For anagram tests and knowledge tests no significant difference between color conditions was found (Cohen’s d of -0.06 and -0.04); for reasoning tests the pooled effect of d = -0.34, 95% CI [-0.61, -0.06] indicated significantly lower scores in the red condition. The cumulative meta-analysis revealed substantially larger effects in initial studies as compared to subsequent research. After correcting for publication bias no evidential value for an effect of red color on intellectual performance was available. The review casts doubt on the existence of a robust color-priming effect in achievement situations.

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Doering, Jan. « Ethno-Racial Appeals and the Production of Political Capital : Evidence from Chicago and Toronto ». Urban Affairs Review 56, n^o 4 (6 mars 2019) : 1053–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078087419833184.

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Ethno-racial appeals mobilize individuals through their social categories. Such appeals matter especially in municipal elections, where partisan cues are often absent and turnout is low. This article presents findings from an analysis of ethno-racial appeals in 914 campaign documents from the 2014 Toronto and 2015 Chicago municipal elections. It reveals that campaigns frequently target non-White and White ethnic voters through explicit appeals. These appeals do not fit into the existing framework of racial priming theory. Drawing instead on Bourdieu’s theory of capital, the article conceptualizes ethno-racial appeals as attempts to produce or destroy a candidate’s political capital among specific groups. Campaigns do this directly by making claims about the group’s purported interests or indirectly by invoking candidates’ relevant cultural or social capital. Analyzing ethno-racial appeals in this way helps to comprehend the mobilization of non-Whites, illuminates the production of ethno-racial voting, and contributes to the understanding of place-based culture.

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Hitzeman, Cortney, et Colin Wastell. « Are Atheists Implicit Theists ? » Journal of Cognition and Culture 17, n^o 1-2 (8 février 2017) : 27–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12342190.

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The Cognitive Science of Religion commonly advances the view that religious beliefs emerge naturally via specific cognitive biases without cultural influence. From this perspective comes the claim that self-proclaimed atheists harbour traces of supernatural thinking. By exploring the potential influence of the cultural learning mechanism Credibility Enhancing Displays (creds), which affirms beliefs, current disparities between studies involved in priming the implicit theism of atheists, might be reconciled. Eighty-eight university students were randomly assigned to either a religious or control prime condition. A dictator game was completed to obtain an indication of pro-social behaviour (psb). Lifetime theists reported significantly higher religiouscreds exposure levels than lifetime atheists, though not convert atheists. Conversely, lifetime atheists reported significantly lowercreds exposure scores than convert atheists. Convert atheists in the prime condition were significantly more pro-social than lifetime atheists. Additionally, higher scores on thecreds exposure measure equated to higherpsbin the religious condition than the control condition. The results are consistent with the view that supernatural belief formation is an interactive process between both context and content biases, and that in order to accurately test for implicit theism, past personal differences in exposure to religiouscreds should be considered.

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Peña, Jorge, Grace Wolff et Magdalena Wojcieszak. « Virtual Reality and Political Outgroup Contact : Can Avatar Customization and Common Ingroup Identity Reduce Social Distance ? » Social Media + Society 7, n^o 1 (janvier 2021) : 205630512199376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305121993765.

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This study ( N = 217) explores the potential for virtual reality to decrease social distance toward outgroup members among women. Raising the salience of individuals’ real physical identity through avatar customization and common ingroup identity manipulations was theorized to influence social distance. Participants who customized an avatar to resemble their real selves showed increased social distance. However, avatar customization also increased user identifiability, which was linked to reduced social distance. Priming a common ingroup identity increased identity salience but did not influence social distance. In examining heterogeneous effects by prior levels of issue involvement, participants with high and moderate involvement with immigration showed increased social distance after customizing an avatar to resemble their real selves, thus implying boomerang effects. The study discusses how avatar customization, identifiability, and common ingroup primes in virtual encounters may influence outgroup attitudes and intergroup relations.

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Ito, Kenichi, Terri Su-May Tan, Albert Lee et Liman Man Wai Li. « Low Residential Mobility and Novelty-Seeking Consumption ». Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 50, n^o 10 (novembre 2019) : 1242–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022119886107.

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Cultural research using a socioecological perspective has shown that residential mobility fosters familiarity-seeking behavior. In particular, residentially mobile individuals tend to purchase from national chain stores, which offer the same products across different locations. Positing this process as a reaction to a rapidly changing high mobility environment, we investigated whether a low mobility environment—characterized by a more familiar, less stimulating environment—results in novelty-seeking consumptive behaviors. In testing our hypothesis, Study 1 used archival data to explore novelty-seeking consumption based on the sales of consumable brands in the United States, Japan, and Singapore. Study 2 primed participants with either a high or a low mobility mind-set to explore the effect of mobility on novelty-seeking consumption. The results supported our hypothesis that consumers in a relatively low mobility country (Japan) tend to purchase from newer and, thus, novel brands more than consumers in mobile countries (the United States or Singapore). Furthermore, compared with high mobility, priming participants with a low mobility mind-set led them to select novel over traditional products.

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Ma, Yina, Shengmin Yang et Shihui Han. « Attitudes influence implicit racial face categorization in a perceptual task ». Group Processes & ; Intergroup Relations 14, n^o 6 (22 juin 2011) : 887–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430211409962.

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Perceptual mechanisms have been proposed for the categorization of racial faces. Social cognitive mechanisms involved in the categorization of racial faces, however, remain unclear. The present study investigated whether and how attitudes influence racial face categorization by measuring reaction times to judge orientations of own-race or other-race faces. Study 1 showed that, in a task of judging orientations of Caucasian and Asian faces, European Americans responded faster to own-race (Caucasian) faces than to other-race (Asian) faces. Study 2 showed that Han Chinese responded faster to own-race (Han Chinese) faces than to other-race (Uigur Chinese) faces. In addition, we found that, in both experiments, own-race advantage in reaction times was eliminated by inducing negative attitudes toward own-race faces using a negative association priming procedure. Moreover, the mediation analysis in Study 2 showed that the priming effect was mediated by attitude bias toward own-race faces. Our findings provide evidence for categorization of racial faces in a perceptual, race-irrelevant task, which, however, is strongly modulated by attitudes toward target faces.

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Grey, Ian, et Justin Thomas. « National Identity, Implicit In-Group Evaluation, and Psychological Well-Being Among Emirati Women ». Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 50, n^o 2 (21 novembre 2018) : 220–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022118812131.

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A sense of connectedness, and belonging to a valued social group (social identity processes), has been found to promote psychological well-being. This study, using implicit and explicit assessments, extends the exploration of social identity and well-being to citizens of the United Arab Emirates (Emiratis). In this cross-sectional correlational study, Emirati college women ( N = 210), all of them bilingual (English/Arabic), performed an affective priming task designed to assess, implicitly, in-group (Emirati) preference (a positive bias toward the in-group relative to an out-group). Participants also completed the Multicomponent In-Group Identification Scale (MIIS), a measure of in-group identification and self-report measures of English/Arabic language proficiency. Participants also reported their psychological well-being using the World Health Organization’s well-being index. Implicit in-group preference and self-reported Arabic language dominance were independently predictive of higher levels of psychological well-being. The implicit measure was the strongest, most robust, predictor. Interventions aimed at maintaining or increasing a positive sense of a shared social identity may be a useful objective of public mental health strategy.

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Ham, Youngjun, et Miran Han. « Evaluation of Shear Bond Strength of Various Orthodontic Bracket Bonding Agents ». JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ACADEMY OF PEDTATRIC DENTISTRY 49, n^o 3 (31 août 2022) : 264–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5933/jkapd.2022.49.3.264.

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Due to the development of properties of adhesive materials currently used in dentistry, the bonding ability between the brackets and the tooth enamel has been greatly improved. In general, in situations where cooperation can be obtained, adhesion of the orthodontic bracket through the conventional three-step process can show excellent bonding strength. However, if it is difficult to expect patient cooperation, as in the pediatric dentistry area, or if moisture isolation is not properly performed, the binding strength that does not reach the expected effect. As a result, various products that simplify the process for adhesion are being developed. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the shear bonding strength between the conventional 3-step adhesion system, self-etching primer system and one-step adhesion system that reduces the priming process. A total of 60 human maxillary, mandibular premolars were prepared. Group I (control group) were followed conventional 3-step bonding process. Group II were conditioned with self-etching primer. Group III were etched with 37% phosphoric acid and brackets were bonded with self-priming adhesive. The resultant shear bond strength of each group was measured and an adhesive remnant index (ARI) was recorded. The mean shear bond strength of group I, II, III were 14.69 MPa, 11.21 MPa and 12.21 MPa respectively. Significant differences could only be found between group I, II and group I, III (p < 0.05). The ARI indicated no significant difference among all groups.

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Duhaime, Erik P. « Is the call to prayer a call to cooperate ? A field experiment on the impact of religious salience on prosocial behavior ». Judgment and Decision Making 10, n^o 6 (novembre 2015) : 593–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500007038.

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AbstractWhile religiosity is positively correlated with self-reported prosociality, observational and experimental studies on the long-hypothesized connection between religion and prosocial behavior have yielded mixed results. Recent work highlights the role of religious salience for stimulating prosocial behavior, but much of this research has involved priming Christian subjects in laboratory settings, limiting generalization to the real world. Here I present a field study conducted in the souks in the medina of Marrakesh, Morocco, which shows that religious salience can increase prosocial behavior with Muslim subjects in a natural setting. In an economic decision making task similar to a dictator game, shopkeepers demonstrated increased prosocial behavior when the Islamic call to prayer was audible compared to when it was not audible. This finding complements a growing literature on the connection between cultural cues, religious practices, and prosocial behavior, and supports the hypothesis that religious rituals play a role in galvanizing prosocial behavior.

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Osborn, Hannah J., Nicholas Sosa et Kimberly Rios. « Perceiving demographic diversity as a threat : Divergent effects of multiculturalism and polyculturalism ». Group Processes & ; Intergroup Relations 23, n^o 7 (5 novembre 2019) : 1014–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430219880606.

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The growing racial/ethnic diversity in the United States can be perceived as threatening to White Americans. The present work examines how interethnic ideologies—different ways of framing ethnic diversity—moderate perceptions of threat and political conservatism among White Americans exposed to a passage about the US becoming a “majority-minority” nation. Across 3 studies, we found divergent effects of multiculturalism and polyculturalism within the context of growing diversity. Priming multiculturalism increased perceived threats to the ingroup’s power and status, which in turn led to greater endorsement of conservative political views (Studies 1 and 3) and warmer feelings toward a conservative political figure (i.e., Donald Trump; Studies 2 and 3); however, these relationships were attenuated and sometimes reversed among participants primed with polyculturalism. We discuss implications for how interethnic ideologies influence White Americans’ threatened responses to increasing diversity.

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Zebian, Samar. « Number Conceptualisation among Lebanese Micro-Business Owners who Engage in Orally-Based Versus Paper-Based Numeracy Practices : An Experimental Cognitive Ethnography ». Journal of Cognition and Culture 8, n^o 3-4 (2008) : 359–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853708x358227.

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AbstractThe study of everyday numeric thinking in adults directs our attention to several aspects of number cognition that have received almost no attention in the experimental cognitive science literature, namely the influences of socially situated artifact use on numeric processing. The current studies explore numeral recognition and conceptualisation processes in business people who engage in different types of numeracy practices; orally based numeracy practices which involve very little use of written records compared to paper-based numeracy practices. Ethnographic observations of Lebanese business people were conducted to gain a detailed understanding of the socio-cognitive demands in orally-based paperless and paper-based business settings. These observations were in turn used to design experimental reaction time studies which investigated currency based numeral recognition and conceptualisation processes. The results of the numeral recognition and priming studies clearly illustrate that the use of artifacts in everyday numeracy practices influences numeral recognition and conceptualisation in a way that suggests tight linkages between the visio-spatial processes involve in recognizing numerals embedded in cultural artifacts and the semantically based processes involved in the conception of these numerals. The relevance of the current findings for the main models of adult numeric cognition and for research on everyday numeracy will be discussed.

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Dixon, Travis L., Yuanyuan Zhang et Kate Conrad. « Self-Esteem, Misogyny and Afrocentricity : An Examination of the Relationship between Rap Music Consumption and African American Perceptions ». Group Processes & ; Intergroup Relations 12, n^o 3 (17 avril 2009) : 345–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430209102847.

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The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between African American audiences, rap music videos, Black collective self-esteem, and attitudes towards women. One-hundred and forty-one African American college students participated in a survey measuring their amount of rap music video viewing, collective self-esteem, Afrocentric identity, and their belief that rap degrades women. The results revealed that viewers who consumed more rap music videos also had a higher sense of collective self-esteem. Additionally, individuals who had strong Afrocentric features tended to identify with rap music videos that contained characters with strong Afrocentric features. Finally, consumption of misogynistic rap content was negatively related to the belief that rap music degrades women. These results are discussed in light of Allen's (1993, 2001) cultural lens perspective, Appiah's (2004) theory of ethnic identification and the priming paradigm. Suggestions are made for future research concerning African American audiences and rap music.

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Schoen, Harald. « Winning by Priming ? Campaign Strategies, Changing Determinants of Voting Intention, and the Outcome of the 2002 German Federal Election ». German Politics and Society 22, n^o 3 (1 septembre 2004) : 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/104503004782353230.

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Although governing coalitions in Germany often win reelection,many observers were surprised by the victory of the red-green coalitionin 2002. Earlier that year, the polls had shown strong supportfor a potential coalition of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU)and the Christian Social Union (CSU), together with the Free DemocraticParty (FDP). In the summer of 2002, however, the SPD andthe Greens began to gain ground; and finally, the red-green coalitionwon the majority of seats in the election to the German parliament,the Bundestag, on 22 September 2002.

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Jamieson, Jeremy P., et Stephen G. Harkins. « Distinguishing between the effects of stereotype priming and stereotype threat on math performance ». Group Processes & ; Intergroup Relations 15, n^o 3 (22 août 2011) : 291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430211417833.

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Travaglino, Giovanni A., et Chanki Moon. « Power distance orientation as an antecedent of individuals’ intentions to engage in radical political action ». Group Processes & ; Intergroup Relations 23, n^o 8 (décembre 2020) : 1283–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430220921940.

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The cultural dimension of power distance refers to individuals’ acceptance of power inequalities in society. Countries characterized by high power distance at the collective level face more domestic extremism. However, research has yet to examine how individual differences in power distance orientation may affect individuals’ intentions to engage in radical and violent political action. In this research, we test the hypothesis that stronger endorsement of power distance values makes people more prone to express their intentions to engage in radical and violent political action. To test the hypothesis’ generalizability across contexts, we sample from 2 countries characterized by different levels of power distance at the collective level, South Korea (higher power distance) and the United States (lower power distance). Studies 1a and 1b were surveys ( N = 1,214) demonstrating an association between power distance orientation and radical political action over and beyond other known predictors of political participation, including political efficacy, perceived justice, emotions of anger and contempt, political orientation, and social dominance orientation. In Studies 2a–2c ( N = 430; 2c preregistered), priming a higher (vs. lower) power distance orientation heightened individuals’ propensity to express the intentions to engage in radical political action. Theoretical implications of the findings, and future research directions, are discussed.

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Peng-Li, Danni, Raymond C. K. Chan, Derek V. Byrne et Qian Janice Wang. « The Effects of Ethnically Congruent Music on Eye Movements and Food Choice—A Cross-Cultural Comparison between Danish and Chinese Consumers ». Foods 9, n^o 8 (12 août 2020) : 1109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9081109.

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Musical fit refers to the congruence between music and attributes of a food or product in context, which can prime consumer behavior through semantic networks in memory. The vast majority of research on this topic dealing with musical fit in a cultural context has thus far been limited to monocultural groups in field studies, where uncontrolled confounds can potentially influence the study outcome. To overcome these limitations, and in order to explore the effects of ethnically congruent music on visual attention and food choice across cultures, the present study recruited 199 participants from China (n = 98) and Denmark (n = 101) for an in-laboratory food choice paradigm with eye-tracking data collection. For each culture group, the study used a between-subject design with half of the participants listening to only instrumental “Eastern” music and the other half only listening to instrumental “Western” music, while both groups engaged in a food choice task involving “Eastern” and “Western” food. Chi-square tests revealed a clear ethnic congruency effect between music and food choice across culture, whereby Eastern (vs. Western) food was chosen more during the Eastern music condition, and Western (vs. Eastern) food was chosen more in the Western music condition. Furthermore, results from a generalized linear mixed model suggested that Chinese participants fixated more on Western (vs. Eastern) food when Western music was played, whereas Danish participants fixated more on Eastern (vs. Western) food when Eastern music was played. Interestingly, no such priming effects were found when participants listened to music from their own culture, suggesting that music-evoked visual attention may be culturally dependent. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that ambient music can have a significant impact on consumers’ explicit and implicit behaviors, while at the same time highlighting the importance of culture-specific sensory marketing applications in the global food industry.

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Allen, Thomas J., Jeffrey W. Sherman et Karl Christoph Klauer. « Social context and the self-regulation of implicit bias ». Group Processes & ; Intergroup Relations 13, n^o 2 (mars 2010) : 137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430209353635.

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Placing outgroup members in positive social contexts can reduce implicit bias. Different contexts may activate different associations of the group. Alternatively, contexts may act as cues for inhibiting bias. We applied the Quad model (Sherman et al., 2008) to address these possibilities. We also examined how motivation moderates these effects. Participants completed a Black—White evaluative priming task with primes presented in positive versus negative contexts and a measure of motivation to control prejudice. Results showed less implicit bias in positive versus negative contexts and that this effect was stronger among highly motivated participants. Modeling revealed that these effects were related to inhibition of biased associations, but not to changing the associations that were activated. Implications for prejudice reduction are discussed.

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Fordham, Joseph, Rabindra Ratan, Kuo-Ting Huang et Kyle Silva. « Stereotype Threat in a Video Game Context and Its Influence on Perceptions of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) : Avatar-Induced Active Self-Concept as a Possible Mitigator ». American Behavioral Scientist 64, n^o 7 (31 mai 2020) : 900–926. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764220919148.

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The connection between video games and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields has become a key focus for education and game scholars alike. While games may have the power to bring more students toward STEM fields, gender stereotypes about gaming ability may hinder this potential. To examine this issue, two studies were conducted to investigate whether stereotype threat induced in a gaming context would affect players’ game performance and their perceptions of STEM fields. The first study found that priming gender stereotypes influenced female participants’ video game performance as well as interest in and perceptions of STEM fields. A second study investigated this relationship through the use of both overtly gendered and nongendered forms of stereotype threat as well as avatar-induced identity salience. Interaction effects found between implicit/explicit stereotype threat and identity salience suggest a relationship between forms of stereotype threat and active self-concept.

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