Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « CTBNC »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "CTBNC"
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Linzner, Dominik, et Heinz Koeppl. « Active learning of continuous-time Bayesian networks through interventions* ». Journal of Statistical Mechanics : Theory and Experiment 2021, no 12 (1 décembre 2021) : 124001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/ac3908.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract We consider the problem of learning structures and parameters of continuous-time Bayesian networks (CTBNs) from time-course data under minimal experimental resources. In practice, the cost of generating experimental data poses a bottleneck, especially in the natural and social sciences. A popular approach to overcome this is Bayesian optimal experimental design (BOED). However, BOED becomes infeasible in high-dimensional settings, as it involves integration over all possible experimental outcomes. We propose a novel criterion for experimental design based on a variational approximation of the expected information gain. We show that for CTBNs, a semi-analytical expression for this criterion can be calculated for structure and parameter learning. By doing so, we can replace sampling over experimental outcomes by solving the CTBNs master-equation, for which scalable approximations exist. This alleviates the computational burden of integrating over possible experimental outcomes in high-dimensions. We employ this framework in order to recommend interventional sequences. In this context, we extend the CTBN model to conditional CTBNs in order to incorporate interventions. We demonstrate the performance of our criterion on synthetic and real-world data.
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Xu, J., et C. R. Shelton. « Intrusion Detection using Continuous Time Bayesian Networks ». Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 39 (23 décembre 2010) : 745–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.3050.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) fall into two high-level categories: network-based systems (NIDS) that monitor network behaviors, and host-based systems (HIDS) that monitor system calls. In this work, we present a general technique for both systems. We use anomaly detection, which identifies patterns not conforming to a historic norm. In both types of systems, the rates of change vary dramatically over time (due to burstiness) and over components (due to service difference). To efficiently model such systems, we use continuous time Bayesian networks (CTBNs) and avoid specifying a fixed update interval common to discrete-time models. We build generative models from the normal training data, and abnormal behaviors are flagged based on their likelihood under this norm. For NIDS, we construct a hierarchical CTBN model for the network packet traces and use Rao-Blackwellized particle filtering to learn the parameters. We illustrate the power of our method through experiments on detecting real worms and identifying hosts on two publicly available network traces, the MAWI dataset and the LBNL dataset. For HIDS, we develop a novel learning method to deal with the finite resolution of system log file time stamps, without losing the benefits of our continuous time model. We demonstrate the method by detecting intrusions in the DARPA 1998 BSM dataset.
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Signorini, Francesca, Martina Panozzi, Agnese Proietti, Greta Alì, Olivia Fanucchi, Alessandro Picchi, Alessandro Ribechini et al. « Conventional Transbronchial Needle Aspiration (cTBNA) and EBUS-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) : A Retrospective Study on the Comparison of the Two Methods for Diagnostic Adequacy in Molecular Analysis ». Journal of Molecular Pathology 2, no 4 (9 octobre 2021) : 296–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmp2040025.
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Introduction: In recent years, there has been a growing development of molecularly targeted therapies for various types of solid tumors—in particular, in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This has required the need for greater quantities of tissue that is able to support ancillary studies, alongside cyto-histological diagnoses for the assessment of molecular targets. Conventional TBNA (cTBNA) and EBUS-guided TBNA (EBUS-TBNA) have shown a high diagnostic yield for malignant mediastinal and/or hilar lymph node enlargement and peribronchial masses; however, few studies have compared these two procedures. We retrospectively compared TBNA patients (EBUS-TBNA and cTBNA) in order to determine the diagnostic yield and material adequacy for subsequent ancillary analyses. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 318 patients with clinical suspicion of lung cancer or with disease recurrence. All of the patients underwent TBNA (either EBUS-TBNA or cTBNA) on enlarged mediastinal and/or hilar lymph nodes and peribronchial masses between January 2017 and June 2021 at the University Hospital of Pisa, Italy. After a definitive diagnosis, molecular analyses and an evaluation of PD-L1 expression were performed in the cases of adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and NSCLC, not otherwise specified (NOS). Results: EBUS-TBNA was performed in 199 patients and cTBNA was performed in 119 patients with 374 and 142 lymph nodes, respectively. The overall diagnostic yield for positive diagnoses was 59% (diagnostic rate of 61% in EBUS-TBNA, and 55% in cTBNA). Adenocarcinoma (ADC) was the most frequent diagnosis in both methods. EBUS-TBNA diagnostic adequacy was 72% for molecular analysis, while it was 55.5% for cTBNA, showing a statistical trend (p = 0.08) towards the significance of EBUS. The average percentage of neoplastic cells was also statistically different between the two methods (p = 0.05), reaching 51.19 ± 22.14 in EBUS-TBNA and 45.25 ± 22.84 in cTBNA. With regard to the PD-L1 protein expression, the percentage of positivity was similar in both procedures (86% in EBUS-TBNA, 85% in cTBNA). Conclusions: Conventional TBNA (cTBNA) and EBUS-guided TBNA (EBUS-TBNA) are minimally invasive diagnostic methods that are associated with a high diagnostic yield. However, EBUS-TBNA has an improved diagnostic adequacy for molecular analysis compared to cTBNA, and is associated with a higher average percentage of neoplastic cells.
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Song, Xiao Xue, et Shiai Xu. « The Effect of Pre-Crosslinked CTBN on the Mechanical Properties and Morphology of Epoxy Resin ». Advanced Materials Research 1120-1121 (juillet 2015) : 568–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1120-1121.568.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A novel kind of rubber toughened epoxy was prepared by in situ pre-crosslinking carboxyl-terminated butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer (CTBN) in the epoxy matrix. The in situ pre-crosslinking of CTBN was initiated by BPO, followed by the curing reaction of epoxy to form the final pre-crosslinked CTBN/epoxy composites. Mechanical properties of epoxy are further improved by the incorporation of pre-crosslinked CTBN compared with its traditional CTBN/epoxy counterparts due to the improved interfacial strength between rubber and epoxy. SEM shows that the size of phase separated rubber particles of pre-crosslinked CTBN/epoxy decreases significantly.
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Li, Guoyou, Yajian Zhou, Jingxian Zhou, Kangfeng Zheng et Yixian Yang. « Finite-SNR Diversity-Multiplexing Tradeoff for Cooperative Transmissions with Opportunistic Network Coding ». Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2012 (2012) : 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/437927.
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We present a multiuser cooperative transmission scheme with opportunistic network coding (CTONC), which can improve system performance. In contrast to direct transmission and conventional cooperative transmission, the CTONC allows the relay node to decide whether or not to help do cooperation and employ network coding based on the limited feedback from the destinations. It will not help a transmission pair unless its direct transmission fails. This enables CTONC to make efficient use of the degrees of freedom of the channels. We derive and analyze the diversity-multiplexing tradeoff for the CTONC over Rayleigh fading channels at finite signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). Theoretical analysis and numerical results show that the proposed scheme achieves better performance gain in terms of average mutual information, outage probability, and finite-SNR diversity-multiplexing tradeoff.
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Xing, Jun, Jayant J. Jayasundar, Yexin Ouyang et Wen-Ji Dong. « Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Structural Kinetic Studies of Cardiac Thin Filament Deactivation ». Journal of Biological Chemistry 284, no 24 (15 avril 2009) : 16432–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m808075200.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cardiac thin filament deactivation is initiated by Ca2+ dissociation from troponin C (cTnC), followed by multiple structural changes of thin filament proteins. These structural transitions are the molecular basis underlying the thin filament regulation of cardiac relaxation, but the detailed mechanism remains elusive. In this study Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) was used to investigate the dynamics and kinetics of the Ca2+-induced conformational changes of the cardiac thin filaments, specifically the closing of the cTnC N-domain, the cTnC-cTnI (troponin I) interaction, and the cTnI-actin interaction. The cTnC N-domain conformational change was examined by monitoring FRET between a donor (AEDANS) attached to one cysteine residue and an acceptor (DDPM) attached the other cysteine of the mutant cTnC(L13C/N51C). The cTnC-cTnI interaction was investigated by monitoring the distance changes from residue 89 of cTnC to residues 151 and 167 of cTnI, respectively. The cTnI-actin interaction was investigated by monitoring the distance changes from residues 151 and 167 of cTnI to residue 374 of actin. FRET Ca2+ titrations and stopped-flow kinetic measurements show that different thin filament structural transitions have different Ca2+ sensitivities and Ca2+ dissociation-induced kinetics. The observed structural transitions involving the regulatory region and the mobile domain of cTnI occurred at fast kinetic rates, whereas the kinetics of the structural transitions involving the cTnI inhibitory region was slow. Our results suggest that the thin filament deactivation upon Ca2+ dissociation is a two-step process. One step involves rapid binding of the mobile domain of cTnI to actin, which is kinetically coupled with the conformational change of the N-domain of cTnC and the dissociation of the regulatory region of cTnI from cTnC. The other step involves switching the inhibitory region of cTnI from interacting with cTnC to interacting with actin. The latter processes may play a key role in regulating cross-bridge kinetics.
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Korte, F. Steven, Erik R. Feest, Maria V. Razumova, An-Yue Tu et Michael Regnier. « Enhanced Ca2+ binding of cardiac troponin reduces sarcomere length dependence of contractile activation independently of strong crossbridges ». American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 303, no 7 (1 octobre 2012) : H863—H870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00395.2012.
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Calcium sensitivity of the force-pCa relationship depends strongly on sarcomere length (SL) in cardiac muscle and is considered to be the cellular basis of the Frank-Starling law of the heart. SL dependence may involve changes in myofilament lattice spacing and/or myosin crossbridge orientation to increase probability of binding to actin at longer SLs. We used the L48Q cardiac troponin C (cTnC) variant, which has enhanced Ca2+ binding affinity, to test the hypotheses that the intrinsic properties of cTnC are important in determining 1) thin filament binding site availability and responsiveness to crossbridge activation and 2) SL dependence of force in cardiac muscle. Trabeculae containing L48Q cTnC-cTn lost SL dependence of the Ca2+ sensitivity of force. This occurred despite maintaining the typical SL-dependent changes in maximal force (Fmax). Osmotic compression of preparations at SL 2.0 μm with 3% dextran increased Fmax but not pCa50 in L48Q cTnC-cTn exchanged trabeculae, whereas wild-type (WT)-cTnC-cTn exchanged trabeculae exhibited increases in both Fmax and pCa50. Furthermore, crossbridge inhibition with 2,3-butanedione monoxime at SL 2.3 μm decreased Fmax and pCa50 in WT cTnC-cTn trabeculae to levels measured at SL 2.0 μm, whereas only Fmax was decreased with L48Q cTnC-cTn. Overall, these results suggest that L48Q cTnC confers reduced crossbridge dependence of thin filament activation in cardiac muscle and that changes in the Ca2+ sensitivity of force in response to changes in SL are at least partially dependent on properties of thin filament troponin.
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Liu, Lizhu, Hong Zhang, Nan Zhang et Ling Weng. « The preparation and application of CTBN modified epoxy adhesive ». Pigment & ; Resin Technology 44, no 6 (2 novembre 2015) : 358–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-10-2014-0099.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of two epoxy ratio and carboxyl-terminated butadiene solid rubber (CTBN) content on adhesive and flexible copper clad laminate (FCCL) performance. The epoxy adhesive used for FCCL was prepared with epoxy resin of 901 and 6128 as matrix and CTBN as toughener. Design/methodology/approach – The epoxy adhesive was prepared with epoxy resin as matrix, CTBN as toughener and 4,4′-diamino diphenyl sulfone as curing agent in solvent of butanone by mechanical agitation. The adhesives were cast on the polyimide film; subsequently, the polyimide film was dried at 160°C for 3 min to remove the solvent. Then, it was laminated with copper foil at 180°C with the pressure of 12 MPa for 3 min. The FCCL was obtained after heating for 3 h in a vacuum oven at 160°C. The structure and dielectric properties of cured adhesive, surface morphology of peeling FCCL and mechanical properties of FCCL were determined. Findings – CTBN was found to react with the epoxy resin during the curing process, with the rubber phase being precipitated and dispersed in the epoxy matrix. The relative dielectric constant and the dielectric loss tangent slightly increased with increasing CTBN content. The peeling strength of FCCL increased accompanied by a decrease of folding resistance with the increase of 901 content. Further, with the addition of XNBR, the peel strength of FCCL increased, as well as the folding resistance of FCCL, but at a higher XNBR level of 20 weight per cent, the folding resistance of FCCL tended to decrease. Research limitations/implications – In the study reported here, the effects of different epoxy resin molecular weight and CTBN content were investigated. Results of this research could benefit in-depth understanding of the influence of epoxy resin molecular weight and CTBN content on adhesive performance and could further promote the development of epoxy adhesive. Practical implications – The adhesion of epoxy adhesive prepared from epoxy resin with different molecular weight and CTBN increased, leading to the increase in peeling strength and folding resistance of FCCL. Social implications – The peeling strength of FCCL increased as the adhesion strength of epoxy adhesive increased by adding CTBN, making FCCL widely applicable. Originality/value – The mechanical properties of epoxy adhesive were increased by adding CTBN. The effects of CTBN on the microstructure and properties of FCCL were discussed in detail.
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Bian, Xingming, Rui Tuo, Wei Yang, Yiran Zhang, Qing Xie, Junwei Zha, Jun Lin et Shaojian He. « Mechanical, Thermal, and Electrical Properties of BN–Epoxy Composites Modified with Carboxyl-Terminated Butadiene Nitrile Liquid Rubber ». Polymers 11, no 10 (23 septembre 2019) : 1548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11101548.
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Filled high thermal conductivity epoxy composite solves the problem of the low thermal conductivity of the epoxy resin itself, but the addition of the thermal conductive filler reduces the mechanical properties of the composite, which limits its application in the field of high voltage insulation. In this work, carboxyl-terminated butadiene nitrile liquid rubber (CTBN) was used to toughen the boron nitride-epoxy hybrid system, and the effects of different contents of CTBN on the mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, glass transition temperature, thermal stability, and dielectric properties of the composites were investigated. The results showed that when the content of CTBN was 5–15 wt.%, the CTBN formed a dispersed island structure in the epoxy resin matrix. The toughness of the composite increased by about 32%, the breakdown strength was improved, and the thermal conductivity was about 160% higher than that of pure epoxy resin. As the CTBN content increased, the glass transition temperature and thermal stability of the composite decreased and the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss increased. When the CTBN content is 10–15 wt.%, a toughened epoxy composite material with better comprehensive properties is obtained.
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Ouyang, Chun Fa, Qun Gao, Yu Tao Shi et Wen Tao Li. « Effect of CTBN on Properties of Oxide Graphene/Epoxy Resin Composites ». Advanced Materials Research 412 (novembre 2011) : 393–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.412.393.
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The effect of liquid carboxyl terminated butadiene acrylonitrile copolymer (CTBN) on the properties of oxide graphene (OG) /epoxy resin (EP) composite has been studied. The results show that oscillations process can greatly increase the tensile strength, shear strength and hardness of the composites, for the compatibility between the EP and the OG can be greatly improved after oscillations. Infra-red analysis shows that CTBN reacts with EP to form ester group. The tensile strength of the EP decrease, and the elongation at break increase, as more and more CTBN added. The tensile strength of the OG/EP composite is 14.37 MPa, while that of CTBN/OG/EP (15/0.001/100) composite is 4.84 MPa.
Thèses sur le sujet "CTBNC"
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CODECASA, DANIELE. « Continuous time bayesian network classifiers ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/80691.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Streaming data are relevant to finance, computer science, and engineering, while they are becoming increasingly important to medicine and biology. Continuous time Bayesian networks are designed for analyzing efficiently multivariate streaming data, exploiting the conditional independencies in continuous time homogeneous Markov processes. Continuous time Bayesian network classifiers are a specialization of continuous time Bayesian networks designed for multivariate streaming data classification when time duration of events matters and the class occurs in the future. Continuous time Bayesian network classifiers are presented and analyzed. Structural learning is introduced for this class of models when complete data are available. A conditional log-likelihood scoring is derived to improve the marginal log- likelihood structural learning on continuous time Bayesian net- work classifiers. The expectation maximization algorithm is developed to address the unsupervised learning of continuous time Bayesian network classifiers when the class is unknown. Performances of continuous time Bayesian network classifiers in the case of classification and clustering are analyzed with the help of a rich set of numerical experiments on synthetic and real data sets. Continuous time Bayesian network classifiers learned by maximizing marginal log-likelihood and conditional log-likelihood are compared with continuous time naive Bayes and dynamic Bayesian networks. Results show that the conditional log-likelihood scoring combined with Bayesian parameter estimation outperforms marginal log-likelihood scoring and dynamic Bayesian networks in the case of supervised classification. Conditional log-likelihood scoring becomes even more effective when the amount of available data is limited. Continuous time Bayesian network classifiers outperform dynamic Bayesian networks even on data sets generated from dis- crete time models. Clustering results show that in the case of unsupervised learning the marginal log-likelihood score is the most effective way to learn continuous time Bayesian network classifiers. Continuous time models again outperform dynamic Bayesian networks even when applied on discrete time data sets. A Java software toolkit implementing the main theoretical achievements of the thesis has been designed and developed under the name of the CTBNCToolkit. It provides a free stand- alone toolkit for multivariate trajectory classification and an open source library, which can be extend in accordance with the GPL v.2.0 license. The CTBNCToolkit allows classification and clustering of multivariate trajectories using continuous time Bayesian network classifiers. Structural learning, maximizing marginal log-likelihood and conditional log-likelihood scores, is provided.
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Dweck, David. « Challenging Current Paradigms Related to Cardiomyopathies : Are Changes in the Calcium Sensitivity of Myofilaments Containing Mutations Good Predictors of the Phenotypic Outcomes ? » Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/313.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Three novel mutations (G159D, L29Q and E59D/D75Y) in cardiac troponin C (CTnC) associate their clinical outcomes with a given cardiomyopathy. Current paradigms propose that sarcomeric mutations associated with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) decrease the myofilament calcium sensitivity while those associated with hypertrophic (HCM) cardiomyopathy increase it. Therefore, we incorporated the mutant CTnCs into skinned cardiac muscle in order to determine if their effects on the calcium regulation of tension and ATPase activity coincide with the current paradigms and phenotypic outcomes. This required the development of new calculator programs to solve complex ionic equilibria to more accurately buffer and expand the free calcium range of our test solutions. In accordance with the DCM paradigms, our result show that G159D and E59D/D75Y CTnC decrease the myofilament calcium sensitivity and force generating capabilities which would likely increase the rate of muscle relaxation and weaken the contractile force of the myocardium. Alternatively, the lack of myofilament change from L29Q CTnC (associated with HCM) may explain why the only proband is seemingly unaffected. Notably, the changes in the calcium sensitivity of tension (in fibers) do not necessarily occur in the isolated CTnC and vice versa. These counter-intuitive findings are justified through a transition in calcium affinity occurring at the level of cardiac troponin (CTn) and higher, implying that the true effects of these mutations become apparent as the hierarchal level of the myofilament increases. Despite these limitations, the regulated thin filament (RTF) retains its role as the calcium regulatory unit and best indicates a mutation's ability to sensitize (+) or desensitize (-) the muscle to calcium. Since multiple forms of cardiomyopathies exist, the identification of new drugs that sensitize (+) or desensitize (-) the calcium sensitivity could potentially reverse (+ or -) these aberrant changes in myofilament sensitivity. Therefore, we have developed an RTF mediated High Throughput Screening assay to identify compounds in libraries of molecules that can specifically modulate the calcium sensitivity of cardiac contraction. The knowledge gained from these studies will help us and others to uncover new pharmacological agents for the investigation and treatments of cardiomyopathies, hypertension and other forms of cardiovascular diseases.
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Sousa, Cleide Maria da Silva e. « Centro de Memória da CTBC e sua integração ao processo de comunicação da empresa ». Florianópolis, SC, 2004. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/87233.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-21T16:51:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 224865.pdf: 1793257 bytes, checksum: 82bb8d9ca82ea382d26ce5164ea479fb (MD5)
A revisão teórica sobre comunicação, comunicação empresarial, comunicação interna e externa, cultura organizacional e memória empresarial resultou, neste trabalho, no modelo de análise Comunicação, Imagem, Identidade e História. Tal modelo foi a base para a observação da realidade empresarial, da estrutura e funcionamento do acervo histórico em implantação pela CTBC, empresa do Grupo Algar prestadora de serviços na área de telecomunicações e que completará cinqüenta anos de atuação em fevereiro de 2004. O acervo analisado, denominado Centro de Memória CTBC, e em fase de criação desde 1999, dentro de um programa de memória empresarial, já tem catalogados documentos, fotos, publicações, vídeos, equipamentos, objetos e, principalmente, depoimentos gravados com funcionários e ex-funcionários com o objetivo de resgatar a história da Empresa. Para avaliar a importância do programa de memória empresarial, ou seja, se ele contribui com o processo de comunicação na consolidação da imagem e da cultura organizacionais, este estudo de caso teve como premissa analisar, por meio do acervo disponível, se a identidade da Empresa está em sintonia com a imagem desejada. A referência para tal análise foi encontrada em itens de Crenças e Valores e Competências Essenciais seguidas pela CTBC e pelo Grupo Algar. A conclusão, após observação e vivência diária da pesquisadora, como funcionária da CTBC, e consulta ao acervo, de acordo com a metodologia estabelecida, foi que o acesso à história da Empresa permitiu verificar que há um alinhamento cultural, em cinco décadas de mudanças sociais, econômicas, políticas e administrativas, que corresponde à necessidade da organização de preservar seus valores básicos, o que mostrou a importância do Centro de Memória ao contribuir, como ferramenta do processo de comunicação, para consolidar a imagem e a cultura organizacionais. external communication, organizational culture and company memory resulted, in this study, in an analysis model of Communication, Image, Identity and History. That model was the basis for the observation of the company reality, of the structure and function of the historical background being implanted by CTBC, an Algar Group company rendering services in the area of telecommunications and which will complete fifty years of activity in February, 2004. The background analyzed, denominated Memory Center CTBC, in its creational phase since 1999, within a company memory program, has already catalogued documents, pictures, publications, videos, equipment, objects and, principally taped testimonies with workers and ex-workers with the objective of recovering Company history. To evaluate the importance of the program of company memory, or in other words, if it contributes to the communication process of consolidating the image and organizational culture, this case study had as its premise, the analysis, from the available records, as to whether the Company identity is in harmony with the desired image. Reference for such analysis was found in items of Beliefs, Values and Essential Skills followed by CTBC and the Algar Group. The conclusion reached, after personal, daily contact by the researcher, as a CTBC worker and background consultation, according to the established methodology, was that access to the Company history permitted the verification of cultural alignment, in five decades of social, economic, political and administrative changes, that correspond to organizational necessity for the preservation of its basic values, which showed the importance of the memory center contributing, as a tool in the process of communication, to consolidate organizational image and culture.
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Silva, Valéria Vieira da. « A qualidade das informações na percepção de integrantes da cadeia de suprimentos interna : o caso do serviço Netsuper da CTBC Telecom ». Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2007. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/12032.
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To grow in competitive environments, the organizations have to improve processes
and people abilities thru information technology and make strategic decisions about
information quality demand, in their in-house supply chains, to delivery quality service.
However, guarantee customers demand and satisfy employees needs, request appropriate
information management, what can be expensive and difficult. For that reason, information
supply thru the process chain, demands an efficient structure to understand what these
subsidies symbolize and why they are so important to delivery services with quality. Thus, the
objective of this research is to evaluate the information flow quality in a services organization
in-house supply chain, to identify the information quality dimensions that allow the progress
of planned results attainment. For this, it was conduced a case study at CTBC Telecom, a
regional telecommunications player in Brazilian southeastern, with a good social-economics
representation. The specific focus of appreciation was the NetSuper, a broad band service
(ADSL). The analysis identified the main information quality dimensions to the executives
and their distortions that compromise these subsidies quality. For this, CTBC Telecom inhouse
supply chain was drawn, the information flow of this chain was justified, the
dimensions quality were ranked to prioritize those most important at the managers perception
and the complete view of information flow process was described. Afterwards, the salesmen
information knowledge level, about NetSuper service, was identified and also their
satisfaction with the quality of information, processes and other subsidies for sales, for then,
verifies the information quality loss. The research is descriptive and, predominantly
qualitative. For data gathering it had been applied half-structuralized interviews with
managers, document analyses and a structuralized questionnaire to a representative salesmen
sample of direct and indirect channels. Data were tabulated and interpreted applying
frequency analysis, dynamic tables and graphical exits. This case study evidenced that
managers perceive the information quality loss, confirmed by the questionnaires data from
salespeople, which evidence their lack of knowledge about the product advantages and
attributes. Sales force sample highlighted some specific needs on quality dimensions that
would improve the information quality flow. But, by the results, it was evidenced that the
most important quality dimensions for CTBC Telecom Company are not dealt with priority in
the Organization, what demonstrate that a model of integrated management of processes is
needed. Further on this, it was recommended a scheme for an information quality
management structure, referenced on the theoretical models of Supply Chain Management
(Lambert, 2004) and Services Quality Gaps (Zeithaml and Parasuraman, 2004). Subsequent
studies should include suppliers and consumers in the analysis, enclosing, by this, all
relationships of the chain in which the information flows. Another investigative aspect is the
adoption of measurement patterns of the information quality for all actors of the in-house
supply chain, to survey the quality of the information.Para crescer em ambientes competitivos, as organizações devem aprimorar processos e competências internas, por meio da tecnologia, e tomar decisões estratégicas sobre a demanda por qualidade da informação. Porém, atender o mercado e responder às necessidades dos clientes internos por informações com qualidade, exige gestão integrada, o que pode ser caro e difícil. Por isso, disseminá-las na cadeia de suprimentos interna, exige uma estrutura de processos eficazes, para compreender o que estes subsídios representam e por que são importantes para a entrega de produtos com qualidade. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa é avaliar a qualidade das informações que permeiam o fluxo da cadeia de suprimentos interna de uma organização de serviços, verificar a perda e identificar as dimensões de qualidade das informações que facilitam a obtenção dos resultados planejados. Para isso, valeu-se do estudo de caso na CTBC Telecom, operadora de telecomunicações que atua em parte do sudeste brasileiro com relevante representatividade socioeconômica. O foco específico de apreciação foi o serviço de acesso à Internet por banda larga, o NetSuper. Na análise identificaram-se as dimensões da qualidade das informações mais relevantes para os gestores e as distorções que comprometem a qualidade desses insumos. Para isso, desenhou-se a cadeia de suprimentos interna da Organização, explicou-se o fluxo das informações nessa cadeia, elaborou-se um ranking para priorizar as dimensões da qualidade na percepção dos gestores e descreveu-se o processo de repasse das informações. Em seguida, identificou-se o nível de conhecimento dos vendedores sobre as informações do NetSuper e a sua satisfação com a qualidade dessas informações, dos processos e demais subsídios para vendas, para então, verificar a perda da qualidade. A pesquisa é descritiva e, predominantemente qualitativa. Para a coleta de dados aplicaram-se: entrevistas semi-estruturadas com gestores, análises de documentos e questionário estruturado a uma amostra de vendedores dos canais de vendas diretos e indiretos. Para tabular e interpretar os dados aplicou-se análise de freqüência, tabelas dinâmicas e saídas gráficas. No estudo constatou-se que os gestores percebem a perda da qualidade das informações, comprovada nos canais de vendas, pelas evidências de baixo conhecimento sobre o produto e a carência dos vendedores na ênfase em dimensões da qualidade que facilitariam o fluxo de informações. Nos resultados, ficou constatado que as mais relevantes dimensões da qualidade para a CTBC Telecom, não são tratadas com prioridade nos processos e que a Organização necessita de um modelo de gestão integrada. Diante disso, apresentou-se uma proposta de estrutura de gestão da qualidade das informações, tendo como referência os modelos teóricos de Gestão da Cadeia de Suprimentos e de Lacunas da Qualidade em Serviços. Estudos posteriores devem incluir a análise com fornecedores e consumidores, abrangendo toda a cadeia de relacionamentos por onde permeiam as informações. Outro aspecto a investigar é a adoção de meios de medição da qualidade das informações nos elos da cadeia de suprimentos interna para aferir a sua qualidade.
Mestre em Administração
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Lanteri, V. « CAMBIAMENTI TRIDIMENSIONALI DEL MASCELLARE SUPERIOREDOPO ESPANSIONE CON LEAF EXPANDER® IN UN CAMPIONEDI PAZIENTI IN ETA¿ EVOLUTIVA.VALUTAZIONE MEDIANTE SOVRAPPOSIZIONE DI MODELLI DIGITALI E DI CTBC ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/473542.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Scopo del lavoro: valutare le modificazioni trasversali delle arcate ottenuti con un’espansione lenta, con forze leggere ed alto controllo del movimento, su un campione di pazienti in crescita, con insufficienza trasversale del mascellare.
Materiali e Metodi: sono stati inclusi nello studio n° 10 pazienti (n° 3 maschi, n° 7 femmine) con un’età media di 7 anni 5 mesi +/- 7 mesi, trattati con espansione mascellare lenta per la correzione di crossbite posteriore monolaterale (con shift mandibolare), mediante il dispositivo denominato Leaf Expander (L.E.), ancorato sui secondi molari decidui.
Su questo campione di n°10 pazienti sono stati eseguiti due diversi Studi Pilota.
- Studio Pilota I In tutti i pazienti (n°10) sono stati realizzati modelli digitali delle arcate dentarie prima dell’inizio del trattamento (T1) e a fine terapia, al momento della rimozione dell’espansore L.E. (T2). I modelli sono stati analizzati rilevando n°5 parametri lineari: 1) distanza intermolare sup. (molari permanenti) 2) distanza intermolare sup. (molari decidui) 3) distanza intercanina superiore 4) distanza intermolare inferiore (molari permanenti) 5) distanza intercanina inferiore
- Studio Pilota II In n° 5 pazienti, con deficit di spazio a carico dei canini superiori, è stata effettuata una tomografia computerizzata cone beam (CBCT) prima dell’inizio del trattamento (T1), seguita da una CBCT al momento della rimozione del L.E. (T2). Sono state eseguite misurazioni e sovrapposizioni al fine di valutare n° 3 parametri, i più significativi secondo la letteratura: 1) ampiezza nasale 2) ampiezza mascellare a livello dei II molari decidui 3) ampiezza mascellare a livello di primi molari permanenti
Risultati: In tutti i pazienti si è realizzata la correzione del crossbite posteriore, con 4 mesi di trattamento in media. Tutti i parametri oggetto di valutazione, dentali e scheletrici, relativi all’arcata superiore, sono aumentati significativamente durante la fase di espansione lenta mascellare. Il percorso eruttivo e la prognosi dei canini inclusi risultano migliorati. Per quanto riguarda l’arcata mandibolare abbiamo rilevato la riduzione del diametro intermolare 6-6 e l’incremento del diametro intercanino.
Conclusioni: i risultati dei due Studi Pilota convalidano l’efficacia dell’espansore lento Leaf Expander, nel trattamento delle insufficienze trasversali del mascellare, nel giovane paziente, con azione sia dentoalveolare sia scheletrica.Aim of the researche: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the dental and bone effects of slow maxillary expansion, with low forces and hight movement control, in a sample of young patients with unilateral transversal maxillary deficiency, with mandibular shift. Materials and method: have been included in the study 10 patients (n° 3 male, n° 7 female) with an average age of 7.5 yrs +/- 7, treated with a slow maxillary expansion by Leaf Expander appliance . - Pilot Study I: for all ten patients, the digital models have been made at the beginning of the therapy (T1), at the end of expansion (T2). Five parameters have been measured with the cast analysis: 1) the distance between the first upper permanent molars 2) the distance between the upper second deciduous molars 3) the distance between the upper canine cusps 4) the distance between the lowers molars 5) the distance of the lower canine cusps. - Pilot Study II: for only 5 patients, with loss of space for upper cusps, a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) have been performed at the beginning of the therapy (T1) and after expansion (L.E. remotion) (T2). Misurations and superimpositions have been performed to evaluate the three parameters, most relevant on basis of literature: 1) nasal width 2) basal bone 3) intermolar diameter at II deciduous molars Results: In all the patients the complete correction of posterior crossbite has been achieved in 4 monts, on average. Significant increases in the dental and skeletal transversal diameters were obtained with slow maxillary expansion. Increases were also obtained about anterior mandibular arch (+ 1mm). Conclusions: the Pilot Studys performed confirm the soundness of Leaf Expander appliance in the transversal deficiency correction with a both dental-alveolar and skelectal action in the treatment of young patients.
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Yi-HuiChen et 陳一誨. « An Analysis on Acquisition Performance of CTBC Holding ». Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/mg35m8.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士國立成功大學
高階管理碩士在職專班(EMBA)
104
This study aims to investigate the competition between financial holding companies in the domestic and international financial environment and explore the mean through which these companies achieve corporate goals by using CITIC Financial Holding Company as case study for analysis. The results obtained from SWOT, five forces, and stock price analyses, as well as merger synergies assessment offer insights for integration strategy in financial industry. By employing numerous domestic and international mergers and acquisitions, life insurance companies and financial institutions increase market share and advance merger synergies. Although amplified scale of mergers may not reflect the proper increase in overall performance, players in financial sector are maneuvering to adjust business strategies in both regional and international market to advance competitiveness.
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CHIU, CHI-FANG, et 邱琦芳. « Investment Decision Model of Association-The Case Study of CTBC ». Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01672539161389243406.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士實踐大學
企業管理學系碩士在職專班
104
There is a lot of potential in Taiwan wealth management market, all the banks are involving in this segment and trying to gain the market share as much as they can. The banking industry, debenture, insurance, and financial consultants, to name a few, are jumping into this market and providing different kinds of services and projects for customers. Technology innovations brought out the automatic services that gradually replace the traditional counter service. What are more to come are the "Fintech" and "Bank3.0", trends that bring tremendous changes to the banking industry and traditional financial organisations. The main focus of this study is based on the actual bank financial management service, with data mining categorization skill (discriminant analysis, logistic regression analysis, neural network) to construct predictions on behaviour patterns of individual investments. According to this prediction model, we can then offer strategic directions to increase the clients' investment willingness and their satisfaction. This study is completed with 210 clients database as evidence for the hypothesis outlined in this study. The results are listed in the following: 1.Customers aged average 50.16 years old, average property sum NTD10,383K, 44.76% categorised in the aggressive segment, 29.52% mainly invested in the mature stock market, 34.76% with investment duration lasting more than 12 months. 2.The main purpose of this prediction model is to compare the 3 different analysing tools to reach the best choice. According to the research result, artificial neural network accomplished with 100%, which is the highest score among the analysing tools, is the best and most recommended instrument. 3.In general, the prediction model constructed by the artificial neural network is the most accurate prediction results; and the "investment duration" and "currents in NTD (per 10,000)" of the individual client would affect the plausibility of the prediction.
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黃弘智. « Entrepreneurship pro-poor plan Case of CTBC foundation- The Happiness Project ». Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4dm5zx.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士國立政治大學
財務管理研究所
105
Founded in 2004, CTBC foundation had been cared about vulnerable families and children since it founded. CTBC foundation established an entrepreneurship pro-poor plan named The Happiness Project in 2011. This project coordinates with multi institution including commercial bank, social welfare organization ,consulting institution , credit guarantee fund and life insurance company to establish an all-around environment for vulnerable families parents to start their own business. Coordinated through project consultants, counselors and start-up parents themselves, The Happiness project becoming better and approaching perfection day by day to avoid adverse selection and resource abuse. By means of “The Real Big Fried Squid” and “Li Cheng compound dining” two start-ups counseled by CTBC Happiness project. We realize what difficulties micro-entrepreneur might confront when they set up their own business. Via start-up lecture learning and assistance from consultants & counselors the two entrepreneur learned their start up skill and solved difficulties. As we know government also play an assistant role in start-up loans for a long time and the authorities concerned can make a better public appeal compared to private company. So it’s a great challenge for Ms. Lin, the project leader, to differentiate Happiness Project to other start-up assistance project. Lack of the first capital and resource integration capabilities, Vulnerable families face greater challenge comparted to normal start-up, and one-time credit and assistance lack of follow-up might make cause greater risk for them. Understanding the USP of Happies Project and its long-term accumulated know-how. Project leader Ms. Lin wish the project can be spread like bamboo after a spring rain and solve the vicious circle of poor prevailed in vulnerable families in Taiwan fundamentally.
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Hui-ChenHsu et 許惠貞. « Analyzing the Synergy by the CTBC Financial Holdings Aquiring Insurance Companies ». Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5r22m6.
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Pai, Chun-An, et 白峻安. « Effect of the Truncated cTnC Expression on Cardiac Function in Transgenic Fish ». Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52964766540567704164.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士國立臺灣大學
分子與細胞生物學研究所
94
Mutations of cardiac troponin C (cTnC) may cause cardiomyopathy, which is one of the most serious heart diseases of elders, but there is no suitable animal model to study this late-onset disorder. Zebrafish is a good material due to its embryo is transparent and the inducible system in vivo is developed. Zebrafish inducible transgenic line was carried out which expressed cardiac specific EGFP and truncated cTnC at the same time with doxcycline (10μg/ml) induction. After induction at 3 dpf of F2 embryo, we observed that the heart beating rate of zebrafish inducible transgenic line was slower than that of the control fish (188.9± 21.7 Vs. 199.8±22.2 beats/min) after 4 days induction. Both the diastolic volume and the systolic volume of zebrafish inducible transgenic line were larger than control group over the observation time (after 1 to 6 days induction). Furthermore, the ejection fraction of zebrafish inducible transgenic line was also lower than control group during the observation period (after 1 to 6 days induction), especially at 5 days induction (8 dpf) (41.9±6.8 % Vs. 49.3±5.7 %).On the other hand, most of the individuals revealed progressively dilated atrium syndrome till 6-9 days induction, and the individuals with syndrome would die soon. And we found the myocardium wall of ventricle of zebrafish inducible transgenic line (D12) have ventricular muscle wall irregular thickening(5.4∼24.3μm).This phenotype is like the eccentric hypertrophy of human dilated cardiomyopathy. In conclusion, induction of heart-specific truncated form cTnC competing with normal cTnC activity would lead to increased end-diastolic ventricular volume、increased end-systolic ventricular volume、decreased ejection fraction and heart wall thickness disproportionate，these all are the symptom of dilated cardiomyopathy. We think that zebrafish inducible transgenic line is a potential animal model for cardiomyopathy research.
Livres sur le sujet "CTBNC"
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Murgu, Septimiu, Henri Colt, Nikos Koufos, Grigoris Stratakos, Patricia Vujacich et Hernan Iannella. The Essential cTBNA Bronchoscopist : Conventional TransBronchial Needle Aspiration. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2015.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "CTBNC"
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Revathi, A., M. Sendil Murugan et Sandhya Rao. « Thermo-Mechanical Creep and Recovery of CTBN–Epoxy Shape Memory Polymers Under Saline Environment ». Dans Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 361–68. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6002-1_28.
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« 1 The NEC Family ». Dans Choosing the right NEC contract, 1–9. Thomas Telford Publishing, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/ctrnc.33832.0001.
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« 2 The Engineering and Construction Contract (ECC) ». Dans Choosing the right NEC contract, 10–27. Thomas Telford Publishing, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/ctrnc.33832.0002.
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« 3 The Engineering and Construction Subcontract (ECS) ». Dans Choosing the right NEC contract, 28–35. Thomas Telford Publishing, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/ctrnc.33832.0003.
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« 4 The Engineering and Construction Short Contract (ECSC) ». Dans Choosing the right NEC contract, 36–43. Thomas Telford Publishing, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/ctrnc.33832.0004.
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« 5 The Engineering and Construction Short Subcontract (ECSS) ». Dans Choosing the right NEC contract, 44–47. Thomas Telford Publishing, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/ctrnc.33832.0005.
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« 6 The Professional Services Contract (PSC) ». Dans Choosing the right NEC contract, 48–60. Thomas Telford Publishing, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/ctrnc.33832.0006.
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« 7 The Term Service Contract (TSC) ». Dans Choosing the right NEC contract, 61–74. Thomas Telford Publishing, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/ctrnc.33832.0007.
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« 8 The Adjudicator's Contract (AC) ». Dans Choosing the right NEC contract, 75–78. Thomas Telford Publishing, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/ctrnc.33832.0008.
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« Index ». Dans Choosing the right NEC contract, 79–83. Thomas Telford Publishing, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/ctrnc.33832.bm01.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "CTBNC"
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Sobrinho, Ledjane L., Veroˆnica M. A. Calado et Fernando L. Bastian. « Development of Composite Pipes for Riser Application in Deep Water ». Dans ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25949.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This work deals with the development of composite pipes for riser application in deep water. Initially, an epoxy resin system was toughened by rubber CTBN addition (10 wt%) as a way of improving the flexibility of future risers. Mechanical and thermal analyses were carried out for characterizing the polymeric systems. As expected, due to the fact that the modulus of the CTBN is much lower than that of the epoxy phase, the tensile modulus decreased with the addition of CTBN, from 3.45 to 2.75 GPa, and the elongation at fracture increased from 2.96 to 5.24%. On the other hand, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the CTBN-epoxy system changed from 141°C to 136°C. Later, composite tubes were prepared and mechanically characterized. The influence of matrix toughening and the number of composite layers on the mechanical behavior of the tubes were studied using hydrostatic and split-disk tests. In both tests, the results indicate that the matrix plays an important role in composite fracture processes. In the split-disk tests, the tensile strength and the elongation at fracture increased with the addition of CTBN, from 731 to 831 MPa and from 2.34 to 3.09%, respectively. In the case of the hydrostatic tests, the pipes colapse and bursting pressures increased about 14% and 19%, respectively, with the rubber addition to the polymeric matrix. At last, it was verified that the strength of the tubes increases linearly with the number of layers. These results confirm the feasibility of the developed tubes for application as risers in deep water.
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Sue, Hung-Jue, P. Mac Puckett et Yee Y. Wang. « Toughening of High Performance Epoxy Adhesives Using Core-Shell Particles ». Dans ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0512.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Epoxy adhesives are commonly toughened by carboxylic terminated butadiene nitrile (CTBN) rubber to improve the T-peel and Lap-shear strength of adhesives. Unfortunately, many key material properties, such as glass-transition temperature (Tg), Young’s modulus, thermal expansion coefficient, and processability, will be compromised if CTBN rubber is utilized for toughening. Furthermore, CTBN rubber has been shown to be ineffective in toughening high performance, highly crosslinked thermosets. Novel rubber toughening approaches have to be sought to overcome the above-mentioned problems. The present work focuses on the use of a core-shell particle (CSP) technology, which is comprised of either a rubber core or a rigid plastic core and a shell that stabilizes the dispersion of particles in thermosets. The results indicate that the toughness can be greatly improved by introducing the CSP for toughening. No reduction in Tg is observed. The modulus of elasticity of the CSP-toughened epoxy systems can be maintained if the core of CSP being utilized is rigid. Furthermore, since the viscosity of the toughened epoxy only increases slightly, no compromise in processability is made. These CSP may be suitable for toughening highly filled thermosets for electronic applications.
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Juahir, Noor Hidayah, Siti Nur Liyana Mamauod et Ahmad Zafir Romli. « The effect of aliphatic glycidyl ether (AGE) on the morphological and physico mechanical properties of carboxylic terminated butadiene acrylonitrile (CTBN) modified epoxy resin ». Dans DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING FOR INDUSTRY COMPETITIVENESS : Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Mechanical Engineering (ICOME 2017). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5047167.
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Mamauod, Siti Nur Liyana, Noor Amira Nabillah Ab Rahim, Nur Raihan Mohamed et Ahmad Zafir Romli. « Synergistic effect of hybrid nanofiller (nano-calcium carbonate/nano-silicone dioxide) on the tensile and impact properties of modified epoxy resin (EP/CTBN) composites ». Dans DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING FOR INDUSTRY COMPETITIVENESS : Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Mechanical Engineering (ICOME 2017). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5047161.
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Diemunsch, Kenneth. « CBTC Field Test and Commissioning ». Dans 2015 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2015-5614.
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Communications-Based Train Control (CBTC) technology is the most advanced train control system for urban railway infrastructures. It is very different from conventional relay based signaling systems and more complex than most cab signaling systems. CBTC functions are numerous, highly complex with customized details for each project. They cannot be tested for all possible conditions at all locations. Knowledge of the CTBC system and experience with train control commissioning are keys to performing enough tests to detect most issues but permit the start of revenue service as early as possible. The testing strategy proposed by the CBTC supplier is the result of years of experience with the goal of minimizing expensive field tests while demonstrating that the system will work properly in revenue service. Despite the numerous tests performed before revenue service, it is inevitable that operating challenges will be faced during the first months of CBTC system operation. The recent Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Std 1474.4-2011 Recommended Practice for Functional Testing of a Communications-Based Train Control System [1] provides a good description how and where CBTC functions should be tested. However, it does not describe the sequence of tests in the context of a project where CBTC is deployed on a transit property. This paper presents the sequence of field tests required to commission a CBTC system and provides insight based on experience with several CBTC projects in the last decade.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "CTBNC"
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Smith, R. E. Chemical characterization of CTBN (carboxyl-terminated butadiene/acrylonitrile) and its epoxy adduct. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), janvier 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5054971.
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Cundiff, Kenneth. Calibrating the SPECTACULAR constitutive model using legacy Sandia data for two filled epoxy systems : 828/CTBN/DEA/GMB and 828/DEA/GMB. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), mai 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1867984.
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