Bibliographies thématiques / Crowd-structure interactions

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Crowd-structure interactions »

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Publié le 14 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Crowd-structure interactions"

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Xia, Tong, Junjie Lin, Yong Li, Jie Feng, Pan Hui, Funing Sun, Diansheng Guo et Depeng Jin. « 3DGCN : 3-Dimensional Dynamic Graph Convolutional Network for Citywide Crowd Flow Prediction ». ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data 15, no 6 (28 juin 2021) : 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3451394.

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Crowd flow prediction is an essential task benefiting a wide range of applications for the transportation system and public safety. However, it is a challenging problem due to the complex spatio-temporal dependence and the complicated impact of urban structure on the crowd flow patterns. In this article, we propose a novel framework, 3- D imensional G raph C onvolution N etwork (3DGCN), to predict citywide crowd flow. We first model it as a dynamic spatio-temporal graph prediction problem, where each node represents a region with time-varying flows, and each edge represents the origin–destination (OD) flow between its corresponding regions. As such, OD flows among regions are treated as a proxy for the spatial interactions among regions. To tackle the complex spatio-temporal dependence, our proposed 3DGCN can model the correlation among graph spatial and temporal neighbors simultaneously. To learn and incorporate urban structures in crowd flow prediction, we design the GCN aggregator to be learned from both crowd flow prediction and region function inference at the same time. Extensive experiments with real-world datasets in two cities demonstrate that our model outperforms state-of-the-art baselines by 9.6%∼19.5% for the next-time-interval prediction.
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BELLOMO, N., D. KNOPOFF et J. SOLER. « ON THE DIFFICULT INTERPLAY BETWEEN LIFE, "COMPLEXITY", AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES ». Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences 23, no 10 (12 juillet 2013) : 1861–913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021820251350053x.

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This paper presents a revisiting, with developments, of the so-called kinetic theory for active particles, with the main focus on the modeling of nonlinearly additive interactions. The approach is based on a suitable generalization of methods of kinetic theory, where interactions are depicted by stochastic games. The basic idea consists in looking for a general mathematical structure suitable to capture the main features of living, hence complex, systems. Hopefully, this structure is a candidate towards the challenging objective of designing a mathematical theory of living systems. These topics are treated in the first part of the paper, while the second one applies it to specific case studies, namely to the modeling of crowd dynamics and of the immune competition.
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Kim, HaeJung Maria, Kyung Wha Oh et Hye Jung Jung. « Socialization on Sustainable Networks : The Case of eBay Green’s Facebook ». Sustainability 12, no 8 (24 avril 2020) : 3476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083476.

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Given that novel merchandising informatics is seen as a better approach to studying eco-friendly markets, this study aimed to explore consumer socialization of sustainable networks based on the theory of consumer socialization. By employing social network analysis using the NodeXL program, we examined the social class hierarchy, investigated the structure of social agent–learner relationships, and explored the social learning properties of the eBay Green Team Facebook network. The results indicated that the network has been structured as a ‘tight-crowd network’ through 76,482 interactions among 1612 actors from 19 clusters. Specifically, the centrality measure revealed the top influentials and their interactions with other eBay Green participants. The semantic analysis discerned the salient words, which implies that consumers gain utility from this network. We concluded that sustainable networks in social media can provide an account of the socialization of consumer attitudes and the role of top influentials in sustaining the relational network.
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Shahhoseini, Zahra, et Majid Sarvi. « Traffic Flow of Merging Pedestrian Crowds : How Architectural Design Affects Collective Movement Efficiency ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no 20 (18 septembre 2018) : 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118796714.

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The need for developing reliable and rigorous models that can replicate and make predictions of pedestrian crowd evacuations has necessitated an understanding of the impact of architecture on individuals’ interactions with their surroundings and the behavioral rules that govern their movements. Due to the challenges of providing such behavioral data from natural evacuations and previous crowd incidents, simulation-based and laboratory-based evacuation experiments have recently been employed as innovative data-provision approaches to study crowd behavior notably under emergency conditions. This study explores pioneer experiments of emergency escape with a view to investigating the relationship between spatial constraints and collective behavior of human crowds. Here, we make use of two types of empirical and analytical data obtained from a large number of well-controlled laboratory and evacuation simulation experiments. This study presents findings corresponding to how and to what extent the presence of conflicting layouts in egress areas, particularly merging corridors, affect the collective motion of pedestrians. The focus of attention will be on measures of performance at macroscopic level derived from both observations. Our results suggested that the movement patterns observed in both types of experiments are sensitive to the angle between the two merging streams and the symmetry/asymmetry of the merging layouts, with symmetric layouts almost invariably outperforming the asymmetric counterparts. Also, within each symmetry/asymmetry structural type, the angle at which the flows combined with each other affected the efficiency of discharge. Our findings provide further evidence as to the significant role of the architectural structure of the movement area in facilitating the traffic flow of heavy crowds of pedestrians.
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HIRAO, Akihiro, TOMOKI IKENAGA et YUKIKAZU YAMAGUCHI. « Examinations on the methodology for discussing issues of urban places by analyzing interactions between the crowd of visitors and spatial structure ». Proceedings of The City Planning Institute of Japan, Kansai Branch 14 (2016) : 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.11361/cpijkansai.14.0_145.

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Aleksandrov, Mitko, David J. Heslop et Sisi Zlatanova. « 3D Indoor Environment Abstraction for Crowd Simulations in Complex Buildings ». Buildings 11, no 10 (29 septembre 2021) : 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11100445.

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This paper presents an approach for the automatic abstraction of built environments needed for pedestrian dynamics from any building configuration. The approach assesses the usability of navigation mesh to perform realistically pedestrian simulation considering the physical structure and pedestrian abilities for it. Several steps are examined including the creation of a navigation mesh, space subdivision, border extraction, height map identification, stairs classification and parametrisation, as well as pedestrian simulation. A social-force model is utilised to simulate the interactions between pedestrians and an environment. To perform quickly different 2D/3D geometrical queries various spatial indexing techniques are used, allowing fast identification of navigable spaces and proximity checks related to avoidance of people and obstacles in built environments. For example, for a moderate size building having eight floors and a net area of 13,000 m2, it takes only 104 s to extract the required building information to run a simulation. This approach can be used for any building configuration extracting automatically needed features to run pedestrian simulations. In this way, architects, urban planners, fire safety engineers, transport modellers and many other users without the need to manually interact with a building model can perform immediately crowd simulations.
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Kornberger, Martin. « The visible hand and the crowd : Analyzing organization design in distributed innovation systems ». Strategic Organization 15, no 2 (10 mai 2016) : 174–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476127016648499.

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The effectiveness and creativity of Linux, Wikipedia, and a plethora of other distributed innovation systems have attracted the attention of scholars, practitioners, and policy makers. The hallmark of these distributed innovation systems is that value creation transcends the boundaries of hierarchically organized firms. To date, only relatively few studies have focused on the organization design of distributed innovation systems. This conceptual article addresses this lacuna by asking, how does organization design structure relationships in distributed innovation systems, including interactions between the “visible hand” of the manager and the “crowd” of distributed innovation? The purpose of this article is to shift the unit of analysis of organization design from the individual firm to networks of actors providing a framework to study how design organizes distributed innovation systems. In order to do so, three design mechanisms (interface design, the design of participatory architectures, and the design of evaluative infrastructures) are proposed through which firms and other network actors organize their encounter in “the open” and through which they manage communication, coordination of tasks, and control in distributed innovation systems.
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Wang, Jing-hong, Siu-ming Lo, Jin-hua Sun, Qing-song Wang et Hong-lin Mu. « Qualitative simulation of the panic spread in large-scale evacuation ». SIMULATION 88, no 12 (11 septembre 2012) : 1465–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549712456884.

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A small amount of literature has been produced on the study of panic spread in a large-scale emergency evacuation, especially that which involves rescue guidance. In a large-scale evacuation action, there are complicated interactions between people and the disaster environment, and it is very difficult to present such interactions in quantitative functions or specific values. In this paper, a qualitatively simulated approach to model and study the panic spread is proposed. First, the internal structure of the evacuation system is described and various internal and external phenomena related to the change of evacuees’ behaviors in the evacuation process are qualitatively interpreted. Based on the qualitative knowledge, a qualitative simulation model of a large-scale evacuation system is established. The calculation results of inverse group matrix verify the rationality and stability of our model. According to the implementation of a series of scenarios with different input, some uncertainty factors that can affect the panic spread in the evacuation process are analyzed, in which the spread of disaster, the rescue guidance, and the normal emotional evacuees are mainly considered. This model reproduces a well-known phenomenon in crowd evacuation, namely “fast is slow”, and confirms that the severity of disaster exponentially positively correlates with the panic spread, and the effectiveness of rescue guidance is influenced by the leading emotion in the crowds as a whole.
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Pécol, Philippe, Stefano Dal Pont, Silvano Erlicher et Pierre Argoul. « Modelling crowd-structure interaction ». Mécanique & ; Industries 11, no 6 (novembre 2010) : 495–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/meca/2010057.

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Ye, Yuanjian, Renjie Zhang, Yiqing Zhao, Yuanyuan Yu, Wenxin Du et Tinggui Chen. « A Novel Public Opinion Polarization Model Based on BA Network ». Systems 10, no 2 (9 avril 2022) : 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems10020046.

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At present, the polarization of online public opinion is becoming more frequent, and individuals actively participate in attitude interactions more and more frequently. Thus, online views have become the dominant force in current public opinion. However, the rapid fermentation of polarized public opinion makes it very easy for actual topic views to go to extremes. Significantly, negative information seriously affects the healthy development of the social opinion ecology. Therefore, it is beneficial to maintain national credibility, social peace, and stability by exploring the communication structure of online public opinions, analyzing the logical model of extreme public attitudes, and guiding the communication of public opinions in a timely and reasonable manner. Starting from the J–A model and BA network, this paper explores the specific attributes of individuals and opinion network nodes. By incorporating parameters such as individual conformity and the strength of individual online relationships, we established a model of online group attitude polarization, then conducted simulation experiments on the phenomenon of online opinion polarization. Through simulations, we found that individual conformity and the difference in environmental attitude greatly influence the direction of opinion polarization events. In addition, crowd mentality makes individuals spontaneously choose the side of a particular, extreme view, which makes it easier for polarization to form and reach its peak.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Crowd-structure interactions"

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Jones, Christopher Andrew. « Crowd-structure dynamic interaction in stadia ». Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543299.

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Pecol, Philippe. « Modélisation 2D discrète du mouvement des piétons : application à l'évacuation des structures du génie civil et à l'interaction foule-passerelle ». Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00674774.

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Développer un modèle de mouvement de foule capable de simuler l'évacuation d'un lieu public de moyenne ou forte affluence devient utile, voire nécessaire, afin que les futures constructions ou aménagements publics puissent offrir une qualité de sécurité optimale à leurs usagers. Les effets des piétons sur les structures du génie civil, comme l'interaction dynamique foule-structure, doivent aussi être pris en compte et modélisés. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, un modèle de foule 2D discret est proposé dans lequel les actions et les décisions de chaque piéton sont traitées individuellement. Ce modèle est aussi capable de modéliser le chargement dynamique d'un piéton sur une structure vibrante. Trois étapes sont nécessaires à l'établissement du modèle proposé. La première concerne la gestion du mouvement et des interactions piéton-piéton et piéton-obstacle. Nous nous sommes inspirés des milieux granulaires pour modéliser les interactions au sein de la foule. Nous avons étudié, implémenté et adapté dans l'environnement MATLAB, le modèle granulaire proposé par Frémond, entrant dans un cadre thermodynamique rigoureux dans lequel les interactions locales sont gérées par l'utilisation de pseudo-potentiels de dissipation, et dans lequel les collisions entre particules peuvent être élastiques ou inélastiques. Une comparaison de ce modèle à deux autres approches déjà adaptées aux mouvements de foule est présentée.La seconde étape consiste à gérer le comportement des piétons. Cette gestion du comportement se fait en plusieurs niveaux de complexité. Dans le premier niveau qui est nécessaire, une stratégie de déplacement est affectée à chaque piéton. La stratégie du chemin le plus court pour qu'un piéton se déplace d'un lieu à un autre a été choisie. Elle a été implémentée à l'aide d'un algorithme de Fast Marching et utilisée pour obtenir la direction souhaitée de chaque piéton au cours du temps. Les autres niveaux de complexité permettent de décrire des comportements plus élaborés tels que l'évitement entre piétons ou le déplacement en sous-groupe, grâce à l'introduction de forces sociales. Une approche originale permettant de former des sous-groupes de piétons à l'aide d'un pseudo-potentiel de dissipation est proposée. La dernière étape concerne le couplage piéton-structure, nous avons cherché à modéliser le chargement dynamique d'un piéton sur une structure vibrante. L'action du piéton sur le sol a été représentée par une force sinusoïdale qui modélise le mouvement d'oscillation de l'individu pendant la marche. En fixant notre attention sur les passerelles, on s'est intéressé au phénomène de synchronisation en fréquence qui peut apparaître entre la fréquence de marche de chaque piéton et la fréquence d'oscillation du système "foule-passerelle". Ce phénomène a été modélisé grâce à l'utilisation d'une équation différentielle de type Kuramoto qui gère la phase de la force de marche de chaque piéton. Un développement analytique du modèle proposé permet d'obtenir les expressions de certains paramètres liés à la synchronisation. Des simulations numériques appliquent ce modèle de foule à l'évacuation des structures du génie civil et à l'interaction foule-passerelle
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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Crowd-structure interactions"

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Salyards, Kelly A., et Robert J. Firman. « Human-Structure Interaction : Effects of Crowd Characteristics ». Dans Civil Engineering Topics, Volume 4, 247–54. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9316-8_22.

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Kabalan, Bachar, Pierre Argoul et Silvano Erlicher. « Crowd-Structure Interaction in Laterally Vibrating Footbridges : Comparison of Two Fully Coupled Approaches ». Dans Springer Series in Solid and Structural Mechanics, 207–23. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48884-4_11.

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Hanson, Robin. « Collaboration ». Dans The Age of Em. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198754626.003.0034.

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How do rituals differ in an em world? Today, we use rituals such as graduations, marriages, retirement parties, and funerals to jointly and overtly affirm community values at key social transitions. However, if we use a broader sense of the term “ritual,” most social interactions and many apparently non-social processes are also rituals, wherein emotional energy becomes amplified as participants achieve a common focus of attention and act in ways that are finely synchronized and coordinated with each other ( Collins 2004 ). during rituals, synchronized feelings and body movements of people who are adjacent to one other become especially potent. Such group synchronization shows participants that they feel similarly to others in the group, and know each other well. people, things, and beliefs that are the mutual focus of attention in such rituals acquire added importance and emotional energy, and become able to increase the passion of subsequent rituals. The emotional energy that comes from a common focus of attention on synchronized actions has long influenced the frequency and structure of many forms of synchronized human activities, in dances, plays, movies, concerts, lectures, protests, freeways, business meetings, group recitations in schools, consumption of advertised products, and group songs that coordinate work in hunting, farming, sailing, armies, and factories. We expect ems to continue to show this tendency to prefer social situations where vivid awareness of finely synchronized actions can assure them of shared capacities and values. For example, similar to people today we expect ems to say hello and goodbye as they join and leave meetings, and to find reasons for frequent face-to-face meetings at work. Some examples of common overt rituals today are when the police stop a driver, when a waiter takes an order, when two sports teams battle in front of a crowd, and when an audience watches a movie together. In the industrial era, we have a substantially lower rate of such rituals than did our forager and farmer ancestors. For our ancestors, in contrast, it was more like having Christmas or Thanksgiving happen several times a month, with many smaller ceremonies happening several times a day (Collins 2004).
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Abirami T, Priakanth P et Madhuvanthi T. « Effective Face Mask and Social Distance Detection with Alert System for Covid-19 Using YOLOv5 Model ». Dans Advances in Parallel Computing Algorithms, Tools and Paradigms. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/apc220011.

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Globally, numerous preventive measures were taken to treat the COVID-19 epidemic. Face masks and social distancing were two of the most crucial practices for limiting the spread of novel viruses. With YOLOv5 and a pre-trained framework, we present a novel method of complex mask detection. The primary objective is to detect complex different face masks at higher rates and obtain accuracy of about 94% to 99% on real-time video feeds. The proposed methodology also aims to implement a structure to detect social distance based on a YOLOv5 architecture for controlling, monitoring, accomplishing, and reducing the interaction of physical communication among people in the day-to-day environment. In order for the framework to be trained for the different crowd datasets from the top, it was trained for the human contrasts. Based on the pixel information and the violation threshold, the Euclidean distance between peoples is determined as soon as the people in the video are spotted. In the results, this social distance architecture is described as providing effective monitoring and alerting.
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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Crowd-structure interactions"

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De Luca, Antonio, Scott Lomax et Marguerite Jeansonne Pinto. « Advanced analysis of a pedestrian bridge and considerations on crowd-structure interaction ». Dans IABSE Symposium, Prague 2022 : Challenges for Existing and Oncoming Structures. Zurich, Switzerland : International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/prague.2022.1427.

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<p>Pedestrian bridges, grandstands, and other long-span structures may be subjected to crowd loading. Crowds have the dual effect to produce large forces and alter the structure’s modal properties and damping. Vibration testing of full-scale structures allows the verification of the modelling assumptions and design criteria.</p><p>This paper discusses the case study of a pedestrian bridge structure subjected to crowd loading. The results of the design finite element model of the bridge and the bridge performance were validated through field testing. The theoretical effects of crowds were analysed and compared to the experimental test data.</p>
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Gallegos-Calderón, Christian, Javier Naranjo-Pérez, José M. Goicolea, Jaime H. García-Palacios et Iván M. Díaz. « Dynamic Response Prediction of Lightweight Pedestrian Structures : Equivalent Crowd-Structure System ». Dans Footbridge 2022 (Madrid) : Creating Experience. Madrid, Spain : Asociación Española de Ingeniería Estructural, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24904/footbridge2022.278.

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<p>In the analysis of lightweight footbridges subjected to pedestrian actions, the vertical dynamic response is often overestimated when Human-Structure Interaction (HSI) is omitted. To account for the phenomenon, a Single- Degree of Freedom (DOF) system has been employed to represent a person. When dealing with a stream of people, this approach may lead to an expensive computational problem as several DOFs have to be managed. An alternative to overcome this issue is modelling the crowd as a distributed Mass-Spring- Damper-Actuator system acting on the structure. Hence, an equivalent time-invariant system with two DOFs can be obtained while considering HSI. This paper proposes a procedure to determine the resonant response of pedestrian structures subjected to a flow of walking pedestrians. Through the construction of a Transfer Function in the frequency domain, accounting for the parameters of the crowd and the structure, the dynamic analysis can be addressed by computing a simple algebraic multiplication. The proposed approach is applied to a lightweight Fibre Reinforced Polymer footbridge, which has been recently designed and built by the authors at the School of Civil Engineering – Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. A weak traffic class (0.2 pedestrians/m<sup>2</sup>) is the considered load scenario for the assessment of the structural acceleration response. As a good agreement between experimental and numerical results is shown, the proposal may be employed for the fast prediction of the dynamic response of other lightweight pedestrian structures at design stage.</p>
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