Thèses : « Cross field »

1

Razavi, Seyed Mostafa. « CROSS-PLATFORM FORCE FIELD DEVELOPMENT BASED ON FORCE-SMOOTHED POTENTIAL MODELS ». University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1590770530909963.

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Söderlind, Eva, et Sara Kidby. « Cross cultural cooperation : a field study about India and Sweden ». Thesis, Södertörn University College, Södertörn University College, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-300.

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A successful cooperation between different cultures in a global organisation depends on a good understanding about the norms and the values in the other culture. To have a good understanding about other cultures makes it easier to build good international relationships between countries without misunderstandings and misperceptions.

In this master thesis we investigate the cultural differences between Swedes and Indians that can be found in Swedish subsidiaries in India and if these cultural differences affect the cooperation between Indians and Swedes. The five cultural aspects that are in focus in this study are the following;

1. Identity – concerns if members of a business culture see themselves as individuals or as a collective (see figure 3, p.30).

2. Time – concerns how business cultures value time (see figure 4, p.32).

3. Ambiguity – concerns how business cultures react to the uncertainties and ambiguities in the daily work (see figure 5, p.34).

4. Integrative strategy – concerns if business cultures are conflict orientated or not, emphasise competitive behaviour or not, and how they value their free time (see figure 6, p.37).

5. Power and hierarchy – concerns how business cultures divide power and what they recognise as status (see figure 7, p.40).

The empirical result was gathered during a two month field study in India where we interviewed both Swedish and Indian managers and engineers about their experience in cross cultural cooperation.

The investigation revealed that there are differences in the cultures and that they affect the cooperation between Indians and Swedes in the subsidiaries. The biggest difference in identity was the informal classification in Indian business societies. The Swedish managers sometimes had problems with recognising the differences in ranks and the informal hierarchy among the Indians which could lead to Indian employees feeling bypassed and overlooked. (See 7.1.3 Conclusion of Identity, p.60)

When it comes to differences concerning time the Indians were more optimistic about time and did not have the same respect as the Swedes regarding being on time and keeping deadlines. This could lead to problem in the cooperation because Swedes believed that time and money was wasted when deadlines were not kept. (See 7.2.3 Conclusion of Time, p.64)

In the aspect of ambiguity Swedes valued safety more than taking risks when doing business. The Indians on the other hand valued risk taking more than safety. This led to problems in the cooperation because the Indians saw the Swedish way of always analysing risks before doing business as costly. Too much concern about safety led to non-competitive prices and loss of markets. (See 7.3.3 Conclusion of Ambiguity, p.68)

In the analysis of integrative strategy we found that the Indian business society was regarding the manager as someone above the regular employee. This view led to problems in the communication between the Swedish managers and the Indian employees because the employees did not dare to criticise the manager’s decisions. The Swedish manager expected the employees to correct him when he was wrong and got disappointed when they did not. (See 7.4.4 Conclusion of Integrative strategy, p. 72)

In the cultural aspect power and hierarchy we concluded that the manager in India was seen as someone with a lot of authority and as a father figure for the employees. This was not the case in Sweden where the manager was more seen as a companion. The different management styles led to confusion among the employees when the Swedish manager demanded them to be more independent and the Indian manager expected them to be more dependent on his authority. (See 7.5.4 Conclusion of Power and Hierarchy, p. 75)

The result of this study gives a knowledge and understanding about cultural differences between Indians and Swedes and can be used as guidelines when cooperating across the Indian and Swedish culture.

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Garrett, Michael Lane. « Fluctuation induced cross-field transport in Hall thrusters and tokamaks ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85776.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 113-120).
One area of fundamental plasma physics which remains poorly understood is the transport of particles across magnetic field lines at rates significantly higher than predicted by theory exclusively based on collisions. This "anomalous" transport is observed in many different classes of plasma experiment. Notably, both magnetic confinement fusion devices and Hall thrusters exhibit anomalous cross-field particle diffusion. This higher than predicted "loss" of particles has significant practical implications for both classes of experiment. In the case of magnetic confinement fusion experiments, such as tokamaks, the Lawson criterion nT[tau]E >/= 10²¹ [keV. s. M- ³] dictates that the reactant particles in a fusion plasma must be confined for a sufficient time to fuse. Higher than predicted cross-field transport decreases the effectiveness of the magnetic confinement and makes fusion more difficult to achieve. For Hall thrusters, enhanced cross-field electron mobility reduces the efficiency of the thruster. As a result, more propellant and power is required to achieve the same thrust. The goal of this thesis is to review observed and predicted fluctuation induced particle transport in Hall thrusters and tokamaks. To date, significant work has been done within both the tokamak and propulsion communities to attempt to quantify the effect of turbulent fluctuations of plasma parameters on anomalous cross-field transport. However, our understanding of the fundamental physical processes that lead to anomalously high cross-field transport remains incomplete. These two regimes of plasma physics are very different in several important ways. The magnetic field strength and field orientation, the device size, the collisionality of different species, the ion mass, and the presence of neutrals are all areas with significant differences between tokamaks and Hall thrusters. However, there are similarities as well. For example, the edge density and temperature in a tokamak are similar to those found in Hall thrusters, both have magnetized electrons, drift waves occur in both regimes and many of the observed fluctuations are of similar scale. Generally, research on cross-field transport within the tokamak community is isolated from work done within the thruster community. However, analysis of physics within both regimes reveals a rich set of complex fluctuations across a broad frequency spectrum, which contribute to cross-field transport. By studying the relevant phenomena in tandem, we can reveal fundamental processes present in both regimes. Hopefully, this will lead to a global explanation for these elusive physical processes.
by Michael Lane Garrett.
S.M.

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4

Hollmann, Eric Matthias. « Experimental studies of cross-magnetic-field transport in nonneutral plasmas / ». Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9935481.

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Johnson, Janelle Marie. « Mapping a New Field : Cross-border Professional Development for Teachers ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/202740.

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Many of the international, supranational, national, and grassroots development organizations working in the field of education channel their efforts into capacity-building for teachers. My research examines the nexus of such international development by US-based organizations with national schooling systems by naming and theorizing this process as a new field called cross-border teacher education. "Cross-border" is the term employed by UNESCO (2005) and OECD (2007) to describe international cooperative projects in higher education, synonymous with "transnational," "borderless," and "offshore" education (Knight, 2007). I use a critical lens to compare two distinct models of cross-border teacher education: a small locally based non-profit development organization in Guatemala that has worked with one school for several years, and a US government-funded program whose participants are trained in bilingual teaching methods and critical thinking at US colleges and universities, then return to their home communities throughout Mexico and Guatemala. These are programs for inservice teachers and are henceforth referred to as cross-border professional development or CBPD. The research questions for this study are: What institutions shape cross-border professional development in these cases? How are language policies enacted through CBPD? How do teachers make meaning of their CBPD experiences when they return to their classrooms and communities? And finally, What do these case studies tell us about cross-border professional development as a process? These questions generate understandings of national education systems, US-based international development, and cross-border education. Utilizing ethnographic approaches to educational policy that locate regional, class, and ethnic asymmetries (McCarty, 2011; Tollefson, 2002), data was gathered according to the distinct organizational structures of the two agencies. For the larger organization data collection was initiated with electronic open-ended questionnaires and supplemented by semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and program documents. Data on the smaller organization was collected through participant observation in professional development workshops and classrooms, semi-structured interviews, and textual analysis of teacher reflections, organizational emails and documents. The research focuses on the voices of teachers as the target of cross-border professional development efforts, but also maps out the dialogic perspectives of education officials and the organizations‘ administrators to illuminate tensions within the process as well as highlights some surprising roles for teachers as agents of change.

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Yu, Guanghui. « Non-diffusive cross field transport in scrape-off-layer in Tokamak ». Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3220396.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2006.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed September 5, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 123-131).

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Axelsson, Clara, et Charlotte Gustafsson. « Constituting Sesame : a minor field study of a cross-cultural cooperation ». Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för arbetsvetenskap och medieteknik, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5374.

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Internationally, universities are undergoing renewal because of technological and social changes that both increases the importance of open and flexible learning, as well as makes it practicable. Net-based education makes it possible to create courses where students can collaborate and share knowledge globally. Collaborative Learning in Virtual Communities, with the working title Sesame, is a cooperative project between Blekinge Institute of Technology, BTH, and University of Pretoria, UP that has intention to provide a course like this. The aim of this collaboration is to initiate research in, as well as to test, and evaluate methods for net-based collaborative learning to see how this can provide new perspectives for students and lecturers in both countries. One key concept in the project is ?internationalisation at home? and this means interaction and knowledge sharing between people from different countries, and cultures, without them having to physically leave their country. In this thesis we describe the phase of constituting Sesame focusing on the cooperation between the involved parties from the two countries.
Sesame är ett projekt mellan Blekinge Tekniska Högskola och Universitet i Pretoria som syftar till att skapa kurser där studenter från de båda universiteten ska samarbeta och därigenom utbyta kunskaper och erfarenheter. Målet med projektet är att initiera forskning, såväl som att testa och utvärdera metoder för kollaborativt lärande. Ett nyckelbegrepp inom Sesame är ? internationalisation at home?, vilket betyder möjlighet till interaktion och kunskapsutbyte mellan människor i olika länder och kulturer, utan att de fysiskt måste lämna sina länder. I den här rapporten beskriver vi planeringsfasen av Sesame där vi fokuserar på samarbetet mellan deltagarna i Sverige och Sydafrika.

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Loeliger, Jennifer Blankenburg. « Japanese paddy field landscapes, a cross-cultural examination of scenic preferences ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ61919.pdf.

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Goedecke, Walter 1954. « Field studies and scale modeling using cross-borehole electromagnetic diffraction probing ». Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278261.

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The scope of these studies encompasses both field site testing and scale modeling. The purpose was to better understand the complexities of electromagnetic diffraction geotomography, or the imaging of ground between boreholes using electromagnetic waves. Two field sites and a scale model tank were investigated. One field site, the San Xavier Mine facility, is located in metamorphosed paleozoic limestone. This site proved a challenge in that the medium was fairly inhomogeneous and resulted in server wave scattering. Inter-borehole transmission allowed only 15 MHz to penetrate for an adequate signal level. Both a parallel scan and geotomography of targets produced inconclusive results. The Apache Leap site contained a homogeneous quartz-latite tuff, allowing penetration of 150 MHz. Parallel scans of a metal pipe target, proved that alterant geotomography, or scans performed before and after tracer injection, was a possibility for future studies. The model tank allowed the use of horizontal dipole antennas, a coil substitute. Target effects produced strong interference patterns.

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Coelho, Sergio Luis Villares. « The dynamics of the near field of entraining jets in cross-flows ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292919.

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Scharfe, Michelle Kristin. « Electron cross field transport modeling in radial-axial hybrid hall thruster simulations / ». May be available electronically:, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.

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Nothofer, Angela. « Cross-polar coupling in GTEM cells used for radiated emission measurements ». Thesis, University of York, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341840.

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Romeo, Peggy Arlyn. « Cross-cultural field experiences in Costa Rica a qualitative study of teacher change / ». Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2122.

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Thesis (Ed. D.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 228 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 199-210).

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Safie, Omar Taha. « Review of the cross-sectional field of outdoor camps, resiliency, and juvenile delinquncy ». CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2821.

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Successful outdoor camp programs are being threatened by decreased funding and increased focus on the control of juvenile delinquents. To determine the success of outdoor camp programs for the juvenile delinquent, it is important to examine the recidivism rates of those who go through the programs compared to those who do not. By properly infusing outdoor camp programs with resiliency education, new programs can be created with even more success. This paper is a literature review of the present state of research in both fields. With the background information presented here, the goal is to become a 'springboard' for further research.

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Siegenthaler, Scott J. « The academic achievement of cross-country and long-distance track runners a seasonal comparison / ». Online version, 2001. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2001/2001siegenthalers.pdf.

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Persson, Peter. « A pre-field, church-based training course on cross-cultural adjustment for prospective Austrian missionaries ». Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2002. http://www.tren.com.

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Dunlavy, Jennifer K., William A. Sands, Jeni R. McNeal, Michael H. Stone, Sarah L. Smith, Monem Jemni et G. Gregory Haff. « Strength Performance Assessment in a Simulated Men’s Gymnastics Still Rings Cross ». Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4609.

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Athletes in sports such as the gymnastics who perform the still rings cross position are disadvantaged due to a lack of objective and convenient measurement methods. The gymnastics “cross ”is a held isometric strength position considered fundamental to all still rings athletes. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if two small force platforms (FPs) placed on supports to simulate a cross position could demonstrate the fidelity necessary to differentiate between athletes who could perform a cross from those who could not. Ten gymnasts (5 USA Gymnastics, Senior National Team, and 5 Age Group Level Gymnasts) agreed to participate. The five Senior National Team athletes were grouped as cross Performers; the Age Group Gymnasts could not successfully perform the cross position and were grouped as cross Non- Performers. The two small FPs were first tested for reliability and validity and were then used to obtain a force-time record of a simulated cross position. The simulated cross test consisted of standing between two small force platforms placed on top of large solid gymnastics spotting blocks. The gymnasts attempted to perform a cross position by placing their hands at the center of the FPs and pressing downward with sufficient force that they could remove the support of their feet from the floor. Force-time curves (100 Hz) were obtained and analyzed for the sum of peak and mean arm ground reaction forces. The summed arm forces, mean and peak, were compared to body weight to determine how close the gymnasts came to achieving forces equal to body weight and thus the ability to perform the cross. The mean and peak summed arm forces were able to statistically differentiate between athletes who could perform the cross from those who could not (p < 0.05). The force-time curves and small FPs showed sufficient fidelity to differentiate between Performer and Non- Performer groups. This experiment showed that small and inexpensive force platforms may serve as useful adjuncts to athlete performance measurement such as the gymnastics still rings cross.

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Gunay, Emre. « Numerical Modeling Of Edremit Geothermal Field ». Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614890/index.pdf.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the geothermal potential, sustainability, and reinjection possibility of Edremit geothermal field. In order to investigate this, a numerical model consisting of a hot and cold water aquifer system is established. A two dimensional cross sectional model is set to simulate this geothermal system. Different pressure and temperature values are applied to the nodes at the boundaries to perform a steady state calibration which minimizes the computed results and observed values obtained from the near well logs. After the calibration, three alternative scenarios are proposed and the response of the pressure and temperature to these conditions is evaluated. At first the water is pumped from the wells of Yagci, Derman, Entur and ED-3 seperately at a mass rate of 5 kg/s and energy rate of 4.182 x 105 J/s. Then, in scenario 2 the water is pumped at the same rate from all the wells mentioned in the first scenario together. For the third scenario another well is opened to the geothermal system and 80% of the pumped water (temperature being 200C) is injected to the system from the wells while all the wells mentioned are working. The results of these scenarios are utilized to evaluate the reservoir in terms of its response to different production and reinjection conditions. Interpretation of the reservoir response in view of the pressure and temperature declines emphasize that such a simulation study can be applied to assess potential and sustainability of the geothermal systems.

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Lillis, Anne M. « Capitalising on the potential of cross-sectional field studies for theory refinement in management accounting ». Melbourne, Vic. : University of Melbourne, Dept. of Accounting and Business Information Systems, 2002. http://wff2.ecom.unimelb.edu.au/accwww/research/papers/0203%20ALillis&JMundy.pdf.

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Gibson, Patrick. « Pulsed field of a magnetising coil wound with a solid conductor of rectangular cross-section ». Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9640.

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Includes bibliographical references.
This describes a mathematical approach to solving the pulsed magnetic field for an N-turned magnetising coil. This coil is assumed to be made from a copper conductor with rectangular cross-sectional area. The algorithm accounts for each turns physical dimensions and spatial coordinates with respect to other turns, by simulating each winding with a model helical turn. A boundary matching method is used to determine the current density distribution in the 2D plane of the call conductor and the changed impedance due to "skin-effect". By assuming this distribution and changed impedance applies for the N-turned coil volume, the effects of eddy current losses are approximated inside the call. Results of comparing field calculations with several analytical field solutions for static fields, and by measurements for pulsed fields, confirms the accuracy of the field algorithm in approximating a real coil field to within 10% error. This algorithm can be used to aid the design for generation of saturation fields for magnetisation of different ferromagnetic materials.

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Pino, Ivano <1977&gt. « Monitoring Ice Velocity Field in Victoria Land (Antarctica) Using Cross-Correlation Techniques on Satellite Images ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1177/1/tesi_dottorato_ivano_pino.pdf.

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Pino, Ivano <1977&gt. « Monitoring Ice Velocity Field in Victoria Land (Antarctica) Using Cross-Correlation Techniques on Satellite Images ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1177/.

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Pargell, Karlsson Micaela, et Elin Widén. « Cultural challenges in Thailand - An unchanged fact ? : A minor field study abour cultural challenges among Swedish executives in Thailand ». Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76427.

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Today, all companies face a challenge to cope with the globalized market, where organizations continuously establish on new markets in new countries. Different cultures meet and must be able to collaborate in an organization. The increased economic growth as well as the explosive Swedish tourism in Thailand today attracts more and more Swedish companies to the Thai market. It is likely that this can lead to different cultural challenges where people from different cultures meet and are forced to adapt to each other's established norms and behaviors. Our study aims to investigate the cultural challenges experienced by Swedish executives in Thailand. Our purpose is to identify the largest cultural challenges experienced by Swedish executives and to understand why this may be perceived as a cultural challenge among the Swedish executives. A qualitative method and a semi-structured interview form have been used in the conduct of the survey. The result showed that the main cultural challenges experienced by the Swedish executives were hierarchy, view of a leader, crosscultural leadership and collectivism. The Buddhist religion, the strongly established norms of Thai culture and the executives own positive and adaptable attitude towards cultural challenges proved to be the reason why these cultural challenges were experienced by the Swedish executives.

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Fitzgerald, Jeffrey H. « Physiological responses of elite cross-country skiers at selected exercise intensities under laboratory and field conditions ». Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7857.

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The purpose of this study was to compare the heart rate (HR) and blood lactate (BLa) responses of elite male and female cross-country skiers. The testing consisted of a progressive incremental test on a sport-specific ski treadmill (ST) on Day 1 followed by dryland field tests using 2 training techniques, running with cross-country ski poles (RP) and freestyle rollerskiing (FR), on Days 2 and 3. The dryland field tests consisted of discontinuous bouts of exercise using 3 selected exercise intensities called Zone 1, Zone 2 and Zone 3. The Zones were intended to elicit steady-state responses corresponding to the dryland training intensities of the cross-country skiers. The immediate post-exercise HRs and the one minute post-exercise BLas from the 3 Zones and the 2 training techniques were compared with the HRs and BLas on the ST. The results suggest that there were no significant physiological differences between the dryland training techniques across the three Zones but that there were significant physiological differences when the laboratory responses were compared with the field responses. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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de, la O. Schöneck Mauricio, et Roshan Mathew. « Mapping cross-channel ecosystems : A case study based on a company in the field of UX ». Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-37248.

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Every product or service is part of an ecosystem. The analysis of ecosystems enables organizations to understand the use and potential of a product or service. The information that flows through ecosystems is not always tangible. However, it can be categorized and accessed through different gateways. In this thesis, the authors present an overview of current service design tools and compare them to a cross-channel ecosystem’s approach. The ubiquitous nature of technology permits users to interact and perform activities uninterrupted within physical and digital space. Therefore, the inclusion of external stakeholders within an ecosystem enables a richer analysis of a product or service design. Two major factors that are taken into consideration: 1. Touchpoints within the ecosystem. 2. The information channels that can be accessed through touchpoints. This thesis involves an exploratory case study that aims at mapping cross-channel experiences and ecosystems thereafter in relation to a publishing firm located in New York. Along the conceptualization process, the authors faced difficulties understanding appropriate methods of labelling and choosing of elements that assist in the construction of an ecosystem. However, the initial drawing of the firm’s ecosystem clearly differs from the results attained from the interviews outcomes on the one hand. On the other hand, the final diagram of overlapped information channels placed over a fraction of the ecosystem, provides a tangible understanding towards the presence of touchpoints in one or more information channels. By displaying such cross-channel ecosystems, organizations can increase or re-structure their activities according to their strategy. The study gives a very concrete proposition of how the ecosystems can be mapped. Further studies and guidelines to increase an ecosystems parameters and precision of execution is still to be developed and researched.

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Neitz, Ole [Verfasser]. « Propagating Plane-Wave Expansions for Microwave Near-Field Imaging and Radar Cross Section Determination / Ole Neitz ». München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1219470848/34.

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Haglind, Daniel. « Coping with success and failure – Among Swedish and Portuguese track and field athletes and coaches ». Thesis, Halmstad University, Halmstad University, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-122.

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The aim of this study was to examine how athletes and coaches, in Sweden and Portugal, perceive and experience success and failure in relation to sport. Moreover, study if there were cultural differences in coping. The main objectives of the study consisted of examining differences based on culture and coaches vs. athletes in the following research questions; how athletes and coaches define, react and cope with success and failure, how they perceive consequences and how coaches help athletes to cope with success and failure. Fifteen (n=15) individual semi structured interviews was carried out with ten (n=10) Swedish and five (n=5) Portuguese sportsmen. An interview guide based on the objectives of the study was developed. 1226 raw data units were identified and categorised using categorization, tagging and regrouping of relevant concepts. The results are discussed according to several stress-coping theories. Moreover, the result showed some differences based on both culture and on coaches vs. athletes. Furthermore success was mainly defined as reaching goals and failure as performance related mistakes. Reactions on both success and failure were mainly emotional. Negative consequences of both success and failure were most common and problem- focused coping were adopted to cope with those situations. The coaches supported the athletes by adopting emotion- and problem-focused coping.

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Lau, Siu-Ling Bonita. « Cross cultural differences in locus of control, field dependence-independence and uncertainty orientation among Canadians and Chinese ». Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28414.

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The present study is a cross cultural study comparing North Americans and Chinese on field dependence-independence, locus of control and uncertainty orientation. The relationships among these constructs and cultural based differences in those relationships were also explored. Chinese were speculated to be more field dependent, external locus of control and certainty-oriented than North Americans. This study was the first exploratory investigation of a suggested model, which provided a perspective of how field dependence-independence, locus of control, uncertainty orientation, moral judgement and learned helplessness interact. The study may also have some contribution to broadening our view on how Chinese express themselves on the three cognitive constructs mentioned above. A sample of 39 Hong Kong Chinese and 41 Canadian college students were selected according to their cultural backgrounds. The results partially supported cultural differences in locus of control and uncertainty orientation. A strong cultural difference was found on the two subscales of the locus of control instrument and the two component measures for uncertainty orientation. Cultural differences for field dependence-independence was not confirmed. Results concerning the interrelationships among these cognitive constructs suggested a moderate association between locus of control and uncertainty orientation for Canadian subjects, but not for Chinese subjects. No other significant correlations among these constructs was obtained in this study. Because of the methodological problems inherent in the instruments, it is difficult to interpret the obtained results unambiguously, especially for the Hong Kong group. Further empirical work should be done before any firm conclusion can be drawn form the current results. Some implications for future cross-cultural studies were also discussed.
Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate

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Jacobs, H., et V. N. Teise. « The roles of work-integrated learning in achieving critical cross-field outcomes in a hospitality management programme ». Journal for New Generation Sciences, Vol 12, Issue 1 : Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/653.

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Published Article
Work-Integrated Learning (WIL) is a form of Experiential Learning (EL) which implies learning by experience. This article represents the findings of a study regarding the roles of WIL and how such roles can be quantified when measured against the achievement of Critical Cross-Field Outcomes (CCFOs). The study was based on an empirical mixed-method triangulation, which allowed the researchers to use both qualitative and quantitative methods to address the research problem. The sample size is 35, constituting the third and fourth-year groups in the Hospitality Management programme at a higher education institution in South Africa. The results of the quantitative study indicate that the students have identified various roles for WIL whereas the quantitative investigation revealed that students are of the opinion that WIL contributes significantly towards the achievement of CCFOs. WIL therefore contributes to skills development in general and to the attainment of skills and attributes as represented by the CCFOs in particular. Recommendations regarding the implications of the study are made for curriculation purposes as well as for credit values to be attached to WIL.

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Mejias, Roberto Jesus Pintor. « A cross-cultural comparison of group support systems (GSS) outcomes : A United States and Mexico field experiment ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187308.

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This research project was a cross-cultural field experiment designed to measure the effects of "national culture" (U.S. and Mexican) upon group performance in GSS (Group Support Systems) and non-GSS environments. Relatively few studies have considered cultural dimensions in their analysis of GSS and even fewer have employed empirical data to test their hypotheses. In view of the significant global developments in information technology, this has been a disappointing shortcoming of current information technology (IT) research. Two groups of hypotheses were developed that predicted the effects of three independent variables; national culture, support technology and identification features upon group performance, consensus levels and satisfaction perceptions, both within and between each national culture (U.S. and Mexico). Hofstede's model of cultural differentiation was used to predict the relative performance and perceptions of U.S. and Mexican participants. The research methodology utilized an abbreviated version of Hofstede's Cultural Values Survey as a pre-test questionnaire and a GSS Group Perceptions questionnaire as a post-test questionnaire to measure group and individual perceptions. A double translated Spanish version of each questionnaire was developed by the author for the Mexican sample. Experimental results within each culture indicate that Mexican participants generated more comments, more comment lines and more idea categories per participant using GSS technology than manual technology. Similar results, as expected, were reported for the U.S. sample. With regard to consensus, Mexican manual groups generated higher consensus levels than Mexican GSS groups. However, there were no significant differences in consensus levels between GSS and Manual groups for the U.S. sample. With regard to satisfaction levels, there were no significant differences between GSS and manual groups for the U.S. sample. However, the Mexican sample reported significant differences between GSS and manual groups in "satisfaction with the group decision" and perceived "participation equity". Experimental results comparing cultures indicate that while U.S. GSS groups were more productive than Mexican groups, Mexican groups, across all experimental treatments, generated higher levels of consensus than U.S. groups. However, there were no significant differences in changes in consensus levels between U.S. and Mexican groups. With regard to satisfaction and perceived participation equity, Mexican groups expressed more "satisfaction with their group's decision" and perceived more "participation equity" than U.S. groups. These differences were especially pronounced in comparing U.S. GSS and Mexican GSS groups.

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Oh, Jeong-Ho. « Field monitoring and modeling of pavement response and service life consumption due to overweight truck traffic ». Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1298.

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A number of pavement structures experience deterioration due to high traffic volume and growing weights. Recently, the Texas Legislatures passed bills allowing trucks of gross vehicle weight (GVW) up to 556 kN routinely to use a route in south Texas along the Mexican border. Thus, there is a need to model pavement responses due to various types of overweight truck traffic (OTT) by taking into account axle loads, configuration, and pavement layer material characterizations in order to provide a guideline to assess the existing pavement performance and expected service life. It is for this purpose that the nonlinear cross-anisotropic pavement analysis finite element program (NCPA) has been developed. Stress dependent and directionally different resilient modulus and Poisson's ratios are incorporated into the finite element formulation to model the pavement response. As a tool to assess the performance of the pavement, the procedure to calculate the overall rutting and the cracked area was included in the formulation Intensive nondestructive testing has been performed to identify the existing pavement test section geometry and layer properties. In addition, a fiber optic based Weigh-in Motion (WIM) sensor was developed and tested. It is expected to be a promising device to monitor traffic by showing a reliable response. Sampled materials from the test section were tested to characterize their stress-dependent, cross-anisotropic and permanent deformation properties. Constitutive models are verified by comparing the predicted displacements with field displacements measured with the Multi-Depth Deflectometer (MDD). The result was that the least error between predicted and measured displacements is generated by the nonlinear cross-anisotropic model. In addition, the cross-anisotropic characteristic of the asphalt concrete material is introduced and evaluated based on the relationship between the backcalculated static and dynamic modulus. This addition improves the accuracy of the assessment of pavement performance with respect to both rutting and fatigue cracking. Charts to evaluate the service life of the existing pavement subjected to OTTs are established in terms of the unit service life consumed due to the rutting and fatigue cracking with the various observed combinations of pavement geometry, traffic load, and material properties.

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Kyselovaа, K. S. « Diplomacy in the field of international business ». Master's thesis, Sumy State University, 2021. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/86557.

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The master’s thesis focuses on the diplomacy and cultural aspects in the theory of international relations. The analysis of theoretical positions of the role of diplomacy in the development and strengthening of international cooperation is carried out. The main purpose of this study is to propose a strategic path for further development of international relations against the background of a global pandemic.
У роботі досліджені дипломатія та культурні аспекти в теорії міжнародних відносин. Проведений аналіз теоретичних положень ролі дипломатії у розвитку та зміцненні міжнародного співробітництва. Основною метою цього дослідження є пропозиція стратегічного шляху подальшого розвитку міжнародних відносин на фоні світової пандемії.

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Gehring, Margaret M. « Career longevity of four women cross country and track and field coaches at the NCAA Division III level ». The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1022856180.

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Gehring, Margaret Mary. « Career longevity of four women cross country and track and field coaches at the NCAA Division III level / ». The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486546889381717.

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Gehring, Margaret M. « Career longevity of four women cross country and track and field coaches at the NCA Division III level ». Connect to this title online, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5F1022856180num=osu.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2002.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 233 p. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Mary O'Sullivan, Dept. of Education. Includes bibliographical references (p. 213-218).

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Arenander, Charlotte. « A DiscourseAnalysis of Leadership in Non-Profit Cross-Cultural Organizations in Chiang Mai, Thailand : A Minor Field Study ». Thesis, Umeå universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-95164.

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This study is a discourse analysis of leadership among Thai staffworking in non-profit cross-cultural organizations in Chiang Mai, Thailand. The purpose is to study the pervading leadership discourses, how these are affected by the fact that they are working in non-profit cross-cultural organizations, and how the staffexperiencesconflicting discourses in the organization. The material consists of six interviews with Thai staff. The result includeseight leadership discourses, where the two greatest are relational leadership and national culture. Relational leadership includes the importance of relationship between leaders and followers, something that also characterizes the Thai culture. The national culture discourse consists of descriptions of leadership stylesthatdepend onnational culture. Several of the other leadership discourses presented also include similarities with the Thai culture as explained by for example Hofstede (1980) and Ukosakul (2005), while others are descriptions of transformationalleadership, a leadership style said by some to be universal(Den Hartog, House,Hanges, & Ruiz-Quintanilla, 1999). The leadership discourses are affected by the fact that the informants are working in non-profit cross-cultural organizations, causing for example challenges in communication. The informants also describe that they adapt to theculturesof the people they are working with, but also expect leaders to adapt to the local culture and context. Despite differences in national culture, the organizational goals create a common base. The conflicting discourses that are describedhave to do with national cultures, both between different national cultures, but also between culture and personality or religious discourses.

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Johnson, Darrel E. « Estimating the Dynamic Sensitive Cross Section of an FPGA Design through Fault injection ». Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd803.pdf.

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Overby, Kyle Eugene. « Field based study of thrust faults in the Appalachian Valley and Ridge Province Newport, Virginia ». Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64983.

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This study focuses on a series of thrust sheets exposed in the Appalachian Valley and Ridge Province Blacksburg-Pembroke area in southwest Virginia. Structures in the hanging wall of the Saltville thrust (Saltville thrust sheet) and the footwall of the Saltville thrust (Narrows thrust sheet) are examined. The first part of this study involves the construction of a series of thrust transport-parallel 1:24,000 scale geologic cross sections to constrain the subsurface geometry of fault and fold structures within the Saltville and Narrows thrust sheets. The second part of the study involves an outcrop-scale study of geologic structures exposed along a series road cuts in the footwall of the Saltville thrust and the geometric and relative timing relationships between folding, cleavage formation and thrust faulting. The cross sections show a series of interconnected splay faults branching off of the Saltville thrust and cutting both its hanging wall and footwall. Angle of dip and magnitude of dip-slip displacement on thrust and splay faults progressively decrease from hinterland to foreland within this fault system that is referred to as the Spruce Run Mountain-Newport (SRMN) fault system. Bedding within this fault system essentially forms a structural transition zone between the Saltville and Narrows thrust sheets, defining a km-scale fractured synform-antiform fold structure that has many structural attributes usually associated with fault propagation folding. In the road cut outcrops, early meter-scale faults are folded by later foreland-(NW) vergent folds. Although cleavage defines convergent cleavage fans about these folds, subtle obliquities between folds and cleavage indicate that folding post-dates early layer-parallel shortening and associated foreland-vergent thrusting.
Master of Science

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Buck, Dietrich. « Mechanics of Cross-Laminated Timber ». Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Träteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-68729.

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Increasing awareness of sustainable building materials has led to interest in enhancing the structural performance of engineered wood products. Wood is a sustainable, renewable material, and the increasing use of wood in construction contributes to its sustainability. Multi-layer wooden panels are one type of engineered wood product used in construction. There are various techniques to assemble multi-layer wooden panels into prefabricated, load-bearing construction elements. Assembly techniques considered in the earliest stages of this research work were laminating, nailing, stapling, screwing, stress laminating, doweling, dovetailing, and wood welding. Cross-laminated timber (CLT) was found to offer some advantages over these other techniques. It is cost-effective, not patented, offers freedom of choice regarding the visibility of surfaces, provides the possibility of using different timber quality in the same panel at different points of its thickness, and is the most well-established assembly technique currently used in the industrial market. Building upon that foundational work, the operational capabilities of CLT were further evaluated by creating panels with different layer orientations. The mechanical properties of CLT panels constructed with layers angled in an alternative configuration produced on a modified industrial CLT production line were evaluated. Timber lamellae were adhesively bonded in a single-step press procedure to form CLT panels. Transverse layers were laid at a 45° angle instead of the conventional 90° angle with respect to the longitudinal layers’ 0° angle. Tests were carried out on 40 five-layered CLT panels, each with either a ±45° or a 90° configuration. Half of these panels were evaluated under bending: out-of-plane loading was applied in the principal orientation of the panels via four-point bending. The other twenty were evaluated under compression: an in-plane uniaxial compressive loading was applied in the principal orientation of the panels. Quasi-static loading conditions were used for both in- and out-of-plane testing to determine the extent to which the load-bearing capacity of such panels could be enhanced under the current load case. Modified CLT showed higher stiffness, strength, and fifth-percentile characteristics, values that indicate the load-bearing capacity of these panels as a construction material. Failure modes under in- and out-of-plane loading for each panel type were also assessed. Data from out-of-plane loading were further analysed. A non-contact full-field measurement and analysis technique based on digital image correlation (DIC) was utilised for analysis at global and local scales. DIC evaluation of 100 CLT layers showed that a considerable part of the stiffness of conventional CLT is reduced by the shear resistance of its transverse layers. The presence of heterogeneous features, such as knots, has the desirable effect of reducing the propagation of shear fraction along the layers. These results call into question the current grading criteria in the CLT standard. It is suggested that the lower timber grading limit be adjusted for increased value-yield. The overall experimental results suggest the use of CLT panels with a ±45°-layered configuration for construction. They also motivate the use of alternatively angled layered panels for more construction design freedom, especially in areas that demand shear resistance. In addition, the design possibility that such 45°-configured CLT can carry a given load while using less material than conventional CLT suggests the potential to use such panels in a wider range of structural applications. The results of test production revealed that 45°-configured CLT can be industrially produced without using more material than is required for construction of conventional 90°-configured panels. Based on these results, CLT should be further explored as a suitable product for use in more wooden-panel construction.

External cooperation: Martinson Group AB and Research Institutes of Sweden (RISE)

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Fernandes, Bertrand. « Nondestructive Evaluation of Deteriorated Prestressing Strands Using Magnetic Field Induction ». University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1271432554.

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Johansson, Linda, et Rebecka Hagman. « Same, Same but Different : -a Minor Field Study of the Future Red Cross Women´s Project, Malindi Branch, Kenya ». Thesis, Växjö University, School of Social Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-973.

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Same, Same, but Different

-a Minor Field Study of the Future Red Cross Women’s Project,

Malindi Branch, Kenya.

In May 2005, we received a scholarship from the Swedish International Development Agency, SIDA, to conduct a Minor Field Study about the future women’s project at the Malindi Red Cross branch, Kenya. The branch has since May 2002 been involved in a Twinning cooperation with the Swedish Red Cross Southeast Region.

The aim of this thesis is by using the Logical Framework Approach and the Intersectional perspective, to examine the situation for women in Malindi and the work of the Red Cross branch, in order to propose guidelines for the future Red Cross women’s project. The questions asked were: How can the guidelines for the women’s project be formulated in order for the vision of the Red Cross to be reached? What changes within the individual, societal and political sphere have to be accomplished in order to meet the needs and interests of different women in Malindi?

The work of the Red Cross is in a political science perspective interesting as it through its role of a humanitarian organisation and NGO, plays an important role in the Kenyan civil society, performing activities and providing services that originally should be supplied by the government.

We have found that it is not possible to talk about the woman in Malindi, due to the fact that women’s backgrounds, problems, needs and interests are different. Therefore it is of great importance that the Red Cross in order to accomplish its vision, i.e. to reach the most vulnerable, includes a gender and an intersectional approach into its activities and outreaches. There is a desire in Kenya to politicize the gender issue, however the future will show the will to actually implement these laws and reforms needed for the empowerment of the women. Moreover, different gender structures can only be achieved through the questioning of the traditional gender roles from both men and women and in this process we have recognised the Red Cross as an important moulder of public opinion. Finally we also want to suggest an inclusion of the gender- and the intersectional perspective into the method of LFA, since the traditional model is not sufficient in considering the different needs of different people.

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Davis, Stephen M. « An assessment of pre-field missionary preparation of cross-cultural church planters sent by North American independent Baptist churches ». Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2004. http://www.tren.com.

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Johanek, Cynthia L. « Cross-cultural learning styles studies and composition : re- examining definitions, generalizations, and applications of past field dependence-independence research ». Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/864905.

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In recent years, the media have publicized the social problem of physical child abuse. This study examined three artifacts of physical abuse: the children's book Robin's Story, the popular song "Luka," and the television documentary Scared Silent: Exposing and Ending Child Abuse. Chapter One described each artifact and provided a literature review which detailed the writings about physical child abuse and artifacts discussing this topic. The chapter then posed research questions about how the artifacts viewed abused children and their abusers, the causes of abuse, and the solutions proposed for ending physical abuse.Chapter One finally discussed the narrative framework of rhetorical analysis used to examine the three artifacts. The narrative method used in this analysis employed three steps: 1) An examination of narrative structure, which discussed the plot of the story, the crucial points of the story and the events which supplemented those points, and the steps of breach, crisis, redress, and reintegration in the narrative; 2) An examination of narrative rationality, which talked about the completeness and true to life quality of the story and evaluated the reasons the rhetors gave for following the course of action endorsed by the story; and 3) An examination of narrative standards, including truth standard or how the narrative compares with what the audience believes is true; aesthetic standard or the grammar, setting, and characterization within the story, and ethical standard or the values expressed within the narrative. Chapter Two applied this framework to the children's book Robin's Story. Chapter Three viewed the popular song "Luka" through the narrative framework. Chapter Four discussed the documentary Scared Silent in terms of narrative analysis.Chapter Five then discussed the conclusions of the analysis for each artifact, artifacts discussing physical abuse, and for rhetoric. Some of the conclusions reached were that artifacts discussing physical child abuse should attempt to make their stories universal, that such artifacts need to distinguish between abuse and physical punishment, and that artifacts dealing with this problem must provide concrete courses of action to end physical abuse. This analysis concluded that, while narrative analysis provided the answers to the research questions, this framework needs to be made into a concrete method of rhetorical analysis to ensure that narratives are effectively evaluated. Narrative analysis was positive in this analysis, however, in that it supported the definitions of rhetoric as value, epistemology, motive, drama, meaning, and argument. This analysis found that, to end the problem of physical child abuse, rhetors must work with experts in this field and tailor artifacts from different perspectives to various audiences using different forms of media.
Department of English

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Nelson, Danny, et Fredrik Nordin. « It’s Like Entering Another World : A field study examining cross-cultural differences among Swedish expatriates operating in Sri Lanka ». Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-85023.

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Tuhela-Reuning, Stephen R. « A planar near-field scanning system for the measurement of bistatic radar cross-section in a compact range environment ». The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1413282146.

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Kasper, Helmut, Mark Lehrer, Jürgen Mühlbacher et Barbara Müller. « Thinning Knowledge : An Interpretive Field Study of Knowledge-Sharing Practices of Firms in Three Multinational Contexts ». Sage, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1056492610370366.

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Knowledge is often tacit and "sticky", i.e. highly context-specific and therefore costly to transfer to a different setting. This paper examines the methods used by firms to facilitate cross-site knowledge sharing by "thinning" knowledge, that is, by stripping knowledge of its contextual richness. An interview-based study of cross-site knowledge sharing in three industries (consulting, industrial materials, and high-tech products) indicated that highly developed knowledge-sharing systems do not necessarily involve extensive codification and recombination of personalized knowledge. Many multinational firms evidently conceive their knowledge-sharing systems with more modest objectives in mind than any large-scale "learning spirals" featuring iterative conversion of personalized knowledge into codified knowledge and vice-versa. A typology of knowledge-thinning systems was derived by interpreting the field study results from the perspective of knowledge-thinning methods used in earlier eras of history. The typology encompasses topographical, statistical and diagrammatic knowledge-thinning systems. (authors' abstract)

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Verdegan, Laura. « Assessment of risk factors for stress fractures and future osteoporosis in female collegiate cross country runners ». Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2007. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2007/2007verdeganl.pdf.

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Geho, Benjamin Francis. « Cross-cultural experiences as an integral part of the field work requirements of the Baptist Theological College of Western Brazil ». Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1995. http://www.tren.com.

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Baschetti, Serafina. « A new modelling of the cross-field transport in diverted edge plasma : application to 2D transport simulations with SolEdge2D-EIRENE ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECDM0009.

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Le fonctionnement à l'équilibre du réacteur à fusion de prochaine génération, ITER, nécessitera le développement d'outils numériques fiables permettant d'estimer les paramètres d'ingénierie clés à un coût de calcul raisonnable. Les codes de transport répondent à cette exigence car ils reposent sur des équations fluides bidimensionnelles qui sont moyennées sur les fluctuations temporelles, de la même manière que les modèles « Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes » couramment utilisés dans la communauté des fluides neutres. De plus, les codes de transport peuvent rassembler la plupart des ingrédients physiques régissant le comportement du plasma de bord, ainsi que une topologie magnétique réaliste et la géométrie du mur. Cependant, leur prévisibilité est limitée par une description inadéquate des flux turbulents perpendiculaires aux lignes de champ magnétique, qui influent fortement e confinement du plasma sur de longues périodes. En effet les flux perpendiculaires, supposés diffusifs, sont grossièrement déterminés par des coefficients de diffusion homogènes ou "ad-hoc", ou par des procédures à boucle de rétroaction appliquées "a-posteriori" à des données expérimentales. Motivés par ces questions, nous présentons dans ce travail un nouveau modèle pour estimer de manière cohérente la distribution des flux perpendiculaires dans les codes de transport, lorsque les plasmas en régime permanent sont concernés. La stratégie consiste à introduire des outils numériques efficaces largement utilisés dans la communauté de la turbulence neutre en physique des plasmas. Deux concepts clés sont inspirants dans la communauté des fluides neutres. Le premier est "l'hypothèse de Boussinesq". Elle consiste à linéariser le tenseur de contraintes de Reynolds dansl'équation de Navier-Stokes moyennée dans le temps via une relation de diffusion dans laquelle le terme de proportionnalité est appelé « eddy viscosity ». Le deuxième concept est le modèle "k-epsilon", dans lequel les équations de transport pour l'énergie turbulente cinétique moyenne et le taux d'échange d'énergie entre les structures turbulentes sont conçues de manière semi-empirique. A l'équilibre, k et epsilon permettent une estimation auto-cohérente de l’« eddy viscosity », intégrant ainsi l'impact de la turbulence sur les flux moyennés à l'état d'équilibre. Ces concepts ne peuvent pas être appliqués directement pour enrichir la modélisation des flux perpendiculaires dans les plasmas en raison de différentes propriétés de turbulence. Par conséquent, nous suggérons une adaptation du modèle k-epsilon pour les flux neutres à des plasmas à confinement magnétique, où deux équations de transport pour l’énergie cinétique turbulente et son taux de dissipation sont dérivées algébriquement, y compris la physique de l’instabilité d’interchange linéaire, responsable de la distribution "ballonnée" du transport perpendiculaire dans le bord du plasma. Différentes approches sont décrites pour fermer les paramètres libres : premièrement, une procédure de boucle de rétroaction pour optimiser les résultats numériques comparés avec un test expérimental. Ensuite, on assume une loi d'échelle de référence pour la largeur du profil de flux de chaleur dans la SOL, déterminée empiriquement à partir des mesures expérimentales du flux de chaleur sur le divertor externe dans diverses machines. Le nouveau modèle est intégré au package de transport SolEdge2D-EIRENE, développé en collaboration entre le CEA et le laboratoire M2P2 de l'Université d'Aix-Marseille. Les résultats numériques à l’état d’équilibre sont discutés et on démontre qu’ils se comparent favorablement aux données expérimentales soit à l'outer midplane que au divertor externe. De plus, on montre que les distributions de diffusivité présentent des asymétries poloïdales cohérentes avec la distribution "ballonnée" du transport perpendiculaire observée dans les mêmes conditions dans les codes de premier principe et les expériences
Steady-state operations of the next-generation fusion device ITER will require the development of reliable numerical tools to estimate key engineering parameters suitable for technological constraints at reasonable computational cost.So-called transport codes fulfil this requirement since they rely on 2D fluid equations averaged over time fluctuations, similarly to Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes models commonly used for engineering applications in the neutral fluid community. Furthermore, transport codes can gather most of the physical ingredients ruling the edge plasma behaviour, as well as realistic magnetic topology and wall geometry. However, their predictability is limited by a crude description of turbulent fluxes perpendicular to the magnetic field lines. In the plasma community, a special concern is devoted to acquire a detailed understanding of these fluxes, since they strongly impact on the power extraction and the confinement of plasma over extended periods of time. In transport codes though, turbulent fluxes, which are assumed diffusive, are crudely determined by either homogeneous, or ad-hoc diffusive coefficients, or feedback-loop procedures applied a-posteriori on experimental data.Motivated by these issues, in this work we introduce step-by-step a new approach with the aim to self-consistently estimate the distribution of turbulent fluxes in transport codes, when steady-state plasmas are concerned. The underlying strategy is inspired by the work done from the 60’s in neutral turbulence and adapted here to plasma for fusion applications.The first key concept is the Boussinesq assumption. It consists in assuming a colinearity between the Reynolds stress tensor - which represents the contribution of turbulence to the mean flow - and the mean rate of strain tensor - expressed by the gradient of the mean velocity through a coefficient: the so-called eddy-viscosity. The second concept is to express this new eddy viscosity coefficient as a function of characteristic turbulence quantities. We have focused here on the most popular in Computational Fluid Dynamics, the κ-ε model, where transport equations for the averaged kinetic turbulent energy and the turbulence dissipation rate are designed semi-empirically. Steady-state κ and ε allow for a self-consistent estimation of the eddy-viscosity coefficient, thus including the impact of turbulence in steady-state mean flows. We propose a κ-ε -like model where two transport equations for turbulent kinetic energy and its dissipation rate are derived algebraically, including the physics of the linear interchange instability. For the numerical implementation, we exploit the flexibility of the transport package SolEdge2D-EIRENE, developed for many years through the collaboration of the IRFM at the CEA and the laboratory M2P2 at Aix-Marseille University.Since the new model is semi-empirical, it presents some free parameters to be closed. In this work, we have proposed different approaches. In particular, in order to increase the predictive capabilities of the model, a reference scaling law for the width of the heat-flux profile in the scrape-off layer has been assumed, empirically determined from the experimental measurements of the outer target heat load in various machines. The new model is integrated in SolEdge2D-EIRENE for simulations with diverted plasma in TCV and WEST-like geometries, for L-mode discharges. Steady-state results are discussed and shown to favourably compare with experimental data at both the outer mid-plane and the outer divertor. Moreover, self-consistent distributions of diffusivities are shown to exhibit poloidal asymmetries consistently with the ballooned distribution of cross-field transport due to the interchange instability and observed at the same conditions in both first-principle codes and experiments

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Chan, Yan-chuen, et 陳仁川. « Cross-cultural communication in a Japanese multinational company in Hong Kong ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42577032.

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Thèses sur le sujet « Cross field »

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