Articles de revues : « Cross-examination principle »

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Panchenko, V. « Organizational and legal aspects of examination of cross-border bankruptcy cases with multiple proceedings ». Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series : Law 1, n^o 72 (16 novembre 2022) : 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2022.72.25.

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The article conducts a scientific and practical study of organizational and legal aspects regarding the use of internationally recognized mechanisms in the field of cross-border bankruptcies when considering cases in court, the legal certainty of some categories in the field of cross-border bankruptcy with multiple proceedings through a legislative and doctrinal prism. International judicial practice has been studied and it has been determined that in order to resolve problematic issues regarding the coordination of bankruptcy procedures in the consideration of cross-border bankruptcy cases with multiple proceedings, cross-border protocols are used as a way to increase the effectiveness of cooperation in the field of insolvency. It has been proven that the practical application of the principle of reciprocity, the legal institution of court cooperation, the use of cross-border protocols in cross-border bankruptcy cases with multiple proceedings are quite uncertain in Ukraine, unlike internationally. It is asserted that the institution of cross-border bankruptcy with multiple proceedings in Ukraine needs the fastest possible organizational and legal response regarding regulatory support and legal certainty of the studied categories and conceptual apparatus in this area, their effective implementation in judicial practice. The legislation in the field of insolvency and bankruptcy procedures with the participation of a foreign element is analyzed for the proper legal certainty of the outlined conceptual apparatus in practice and the possibility of improving national legislation in the field of cross-border bankruptcies. It was noted that Ukraine needs to improve both the legislation on cross-border bankruptcies and the legal system as a whole, taking into account international aspects of legal development. It was concluded that judicial practice is the basis for proper cooperation in the way of implementing the principle of reciprocity, relying not only on the formality of application, but also on the effectiveness of filling meaningful action plans for the implementation of such cooperation, including using cross-border protocols.

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Ramlie, Habibah @. Artini, Saifulazry Mokhtar, Mohd Sohaimi Esa et Jamsari Hashim. « SIGNIFICANCE OF CROSS-RELIGIOUS AND CROSS-CULTURAL ETHNIC RELATIONSHIP AMONG STUDENTS IN THE ACHIEVEMENT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs) ». International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling 7, n^o 45 (15 mars 2022) : 01–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijepc.745001.

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Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) or Matlamat Pembangunan Mampan was launched by the United Nations General Assembly in 2015 with the aim of achieving holistic sustainable development by 2030 for the harmony and prosperity of the global community. The SDGs’ principle of ‘Leave No One Behind’ with 17 main goals revolves around the importance of human rights pertaining to social development, economy and the environment. The purpose of this study was to discuss the general relationship between two SGDs – education goal (4th goal) and peace goal (16th goal) – and the aspect of cross-religious and cross-cultural ethnic relationship among students. This qualitative examination utilised the method of content analysis of several related writings and research. This study also sought to explore the interaction experiences of students in schools in the aspect of cross-religious and cross-cultural ethnic relationship utilised the method of quantitative. Data was analysed using the SPSS technique on 207 research respondents’ responses to questionnaires. This was to enable the researchers acquire in-depth understanding of the issues under examination. With this study, a preliminary observation on the significance of cross-religious and cross-cultural ethnic relationship among students could be produced to highlight the importance of integration between the aspects of education and cross-religious and cross-cultural ethnic relationship at the school level towards the attainment of Sustainable Development Goals.

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Spurlock, Danielle, et Philip Berke. « Intention and Action : Evaluating the Policy Antecedents of Development ». Sustainability 14, n^o 7 (25 mars 2022) : 3889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14073889.

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Development management ordinances are central components of the development process, and yet there is not an established set of principles to guide their evaluation. We build upon the established plan quality literature to develop a protocol to assess ordinances based on their content and their administration. Using substantive and procedural principles enables the examination of how ordinances incorporate both scientific information and administrative practices to support policy implementation. Our cross-sectional study of 22 jurisdictions in two different states compared riparian buffer policies, single-purpose mandates, and sociodemographic variables. We found (1) overall low ordinance quality scores, (2) statistically significant differences between the watersheds at the sub-principle level, and (3) multiple, moderate correlations among ordinance quality scores, population density, and planning capacity. The findings suggest opportunities to increase the usage of best available science and promising administrative practices within ordinances aimed at protecting water quality.

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Lee, Chang-On. « The right to cross-examination in view of Constitution, Human rights and Comparative law ». Korean Association of Criminal Procedure Law 14, n^o 2 (30 juin 2022) : 215–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.34222/kdps.2022.14.2.213.

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The Constitutional Court decided the targeted clause unconstitutional, which had allowed the admissibility of the video recording containing pretrial statement of the minor victims of sexual violence crimes without their direct testimony in the trial court. According to the Court, this is mainly because there is a risk of hindering the discovery of the truth, if the defendant's right to cross-examination is not guaranteed and even though harmonious methods that can prevent secondary damages of the victims already exist, depriving the defendant's opportunity to cross-examine not utilizing those methods violate the constitutional principle of prohibition of excessive restriction and violate the right to a fair trial guaranteed by Article 27 of the Act. However, the decision contradicts the Constitution and the criminal procedure law system, and the right to cross-examination itself cannot be regarded as an independent fundamental right of the Constitution. Guaranteeing the defendant's right to cross-examination of minor victims of sexual violence crimes without considering the fairness of the specific trial can not be justified in terms of human rights, as it can impair the truth of case and impose secondary harms on minor victims. These problems cannot be solved with the so-called harmonious methods, and the decision cannot be justified in terms of the point of view of comparative law. The admissibility of the video recording where the right to cross-examination is not guaranteed should be allowed to be ultimately decided by the court according to the judgment on whether or not the fairness of a specific trial has been violated, and that is a more appropriate and systematic way.

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O'Brien, Hannah, Fiona Kiely, Aileen Barry et Sarah Meaney. « Cross-sectional examination of extrapyramidal side effects in a specialist palliative care inpatient unit ». BMJ Supportive & ; Palliative Care 9, n^o 3 (9 octobre 2018) : 271–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjspcare-2018-001504.

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ObjectivesExtrapyramidal side effects (EPSEs) are serious potentially reversible side effects of antipsychotic and other medications that can cause distress for patients. A core principle of palliative care involves optimising quality of life. If side effects of medications are burdensome, it is imperative that we address this issue. The aim of the study was to determine and describe the burden of EPSEs in a specialist inpatient unit.MethodsConsenting patients who met inclusion criteria were assessed for EPSE with two validated screening tests, the Modified Simpson-Angus Scale (MSAS) and Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARS). Additional demographic data were collected including medications associated with EPSE, previous history of EPSE and known risk factors that may predispose a patient to EPSE.Results43% inpatients met inclusion criteria. At least 66% of patients were taking regular medications associated with EPSE. Of those, 25% were taking ≥2 medications associated with EPSE. The MSAS revealed 50% scored <3, 44% scored 3–5% and 6% scored 6–11. Seven patients had at least one ‘not rateable score’. In the BARS (sitting±standing), 94% scored 0/5 and 6% scored 1/5. 12.5% of participants were able to stand for 2 min to complete the BARS.Conclusions50% screened positive for EPSE. The complete BARS was unsuitable for most participants. The MSAS, while allowing a not rateable score, may underestimate EPSE. The frailty of an inpatient unit population impacts on applicability of screening tools and may therefore underestimate the burden of the problem in this population. Development of a population-specific screening tool warrants further investigation.

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Attardo, Salvatore. « Competition and cooperation ». Pragmatics and Cognition 5, n^o 1 (1 janvier 1997) : 21–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.5.1.05att.

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An argument is presented for augmenting Gricean pragmatics with cognitively significant information about whether the participants in the interaction share the same goals, the same amount of information, and the degree of their awareness of both. The additions handle situations of competitive conversational exchanges, where the cooperative principle has been claimed to be inoperative, and show that cooperation underlies competitive exchanges as well. Some examples of competitive exchanges are examined, including witness cross-examination, sales pitches, propaganda, and lies.

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Alexander, Stephen, et Katie Hooper. « Blessing applications : how does the court balance proper scrutiny with the principle of non-intervention ? » Trusts & ; Trustees 28, n^o 3 (28 février 2022) : 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/ttac006.

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Abstract The supervisory court on a blessing application generally acts without cross-examination and full disclosure and, yet, must be satisfied as to the propriety of the trustee's decision before it bestows upon a trustee the armour of a blessing. How then is this to be achieved without that stringent testing of the trustee's evidence? Recent decisions of the Royal Court of Jersey indicate that the Court does not shy away from adopting an inquisitorial role itself, by interrogating the evidence and identifying any flaws in the trustee's decision. But is such an approach consistent with the principle of non-intervention on the part of the supervisory court? This article considers these thorny issues.

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Rahimi, Aisyah Mohd, Intan Nurdin, Shahrina Ismail et Azira Khalil. « Malaysian Nurses’ Knowledge of Radiation Protection : A Cross-Sectional Study ». Radiology Research and Practice 2021 (4 août 2021) : 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5566654.

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Radiology is a vital diagnostic tool for multiple disorders that plays an essential role in the healthcare sector. Nurses are majorly involved in a healthcare setting by accompanying patients during the examination. Thus, nurses tend to be exposed during inward X-ray examination, requiring them to keep up with radiation use safety. However, nurses’ competence in radiation is still a concept that has not been well studied in Malaysia. The study aimed to define the level of usage understanding and radiation protection among Malaysian nurses. In this research, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 395 nurses working in hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare sectors in Malaysia. The survey is based on the developed Healthcare Professional Knowledge of Radiation Protection (HPKRP) scale, distributed via the online Google Forms. SPSS version 25.0 (IBM Corporation) was used to analyze the data in this study. Malaysian nurses reported the highest knowledge level in radiation protection with a mean of 6.03 ± 2.59. The second highest is safe ionizing radiation guidelines with 5.83 ± 2.77, but low knowledge levels in radiation physics and radiation usage principle (4.69 ± 2.49). Therefore, healthcare facilities should strengthen the training standards for all nurses working with or exposed to radiation.

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Sawyer, Edward, et Jamie Holmes. « Confidential trust information and court proceedings : can privacy be maintained ? » Trusts & ; Trustees 26, n^o 4 (11 avril 2020) : 319–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/ttaa015.

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Abstract Trust litigation often involves highly confidential information, and it is common for all concerned to want any proceedings kept as confidential as possible. In this article, we explore four different ways in which such information might nonetheless be sought by, or become available to, a wider audience, namely through: (i) the publication of trusts judgments pursuant to the principle of open justice, (ii) applications to lift the confidentiality attaching to documents disclosed in Beddoe proceedings, (iii) the cross-examination of the trust’s own lawyers on a witness summons and (iv) the deployment of letters of request (formerly “rogatory”) against an overseas trustee.

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Chughtai, Ali. « Zainab’s Murder : Heinous Crimes, Speedy Trial and the Challenge of Procedural Rights ». Review of Human Rights 4, n^o 1 (9 mai 2018) : 11–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35994/rhr.v4i1.85.

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In early 2018, a seven-year old girl, Zainab Amin, was raped and murdered in district Kasur, Punjab province, Pakistan. The cold-blooded incident shocked the people across the country. These questions included the suspect’s confession before trial, the in-camera trial being completed within four consecutive working days, the cross-examination of 56 witnesses, and the paucity of time given to the defence counsel. In this paper I argue that although such heinous offences should be awarded legally warranted punishment, the courts must ensure that the special criminal procedure does not let go the principle of due process. I take Zainab’s case as an example to see whether the principle of due process and procedural rights of the suspect were ensured as required for a fair trial. The paper puts to critical light the chronological facts of the case (as reported in the press) and relies on applied jurisprudence to underscore the potential/danger of letting go the due process and procedural rights in speedy trials.

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Bardini, Chiara. « The Ability to Pay in the European Market : An Impossible Sudoku for the ECJ ». Intertax 38, Issue 1 (1 janvier 2010) : 2–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2010001.

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The article analyses the meaning of the ability-to-pay principle in the European market and its development in the case law of the European Court of Justice (ECJ). Through the separate examination of the subjective and objective ability to pay, the work explores the possibility of applying some of the findings of the ECJ in decisions concerning individual taxpayers to analogous cases involving companies and businesses in general. In both situations, the actual protection of the ability to pay in cross-border scenarios is considered in order to assess the ability of the Court’s negative integration powers to make up for the lack of harmonization.

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Catanzano, Amy. « The Positron Passport : An Essay-Poem in Quantum Poetics ». CounterText 7, n^o 3 (décembre 2021) : 507–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/count.2021.0249.

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This essay-poem develops the author's ongoing transdisciplinary examination of her integrated artistic practice and theory known as ‘quantum poetics’, investigating shared principles in poetry and science with the aim of reinventing common notions of spacetime, language, and reality. Topics touched upon include her research in particle physics at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) and Canfranc Underground Laboratory, the uncertainty principle in quantum theory and aesthetic ambiguity, Werner Heisenberg's essays on language and science, the reader of a literary text in relation to an observation in quantum theory, string theory and poetry, the asymmetry of matter and antimatter in the known universe in relation to the imagination, and the poethics of science. Using a cross-genre form that includes poetry, creative nonfiction, and academic scholarship identified as an essay-poem, the author writes in ‘windows’, justified text blocks that transition into and out of original poetry and quoted material by writers and scientists. One purpose of these windows is to treat the spacetime of the page as a literary device, one that visually foregrounds the material construct of literary language.

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Mokodompis, Yasir, et Dr Irwan M.Kes. « DETECTION OF ANTI-SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS 2 (SARS-COV-2) ANTIBODY IGM AND IGG IN ADOLESCENTS IN GORONTALO ». International Journal of Health Science & ; Medical Research 1, n^o 1 (23 février 2022) : 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37905/ijhsmr.v1i1.13567.

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Background : COVID-19 is the disease that caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Due to the increasing spread of COVID-19 infection in various countries, WHO declared the infection of COVID-19 as a pandemic situation. Detection of IgM and IgG antibodies using the principle of immunochromatography is considered easier to perform than other test. This method can be used as an initial prediction of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Aim : The aims to detect IgM and IgG antibodies anti SARS-CoV-2 in North Sulawesi office workers.Method : This is an descriptive study with cross sectional design. Antibody detection was carried out by dropping the serum of Balai Wilayah Sungai Sulawesi I workers on the examination tool and interpreted according to the result shown.Result : The test carried out 112 workers showed two workers gave reacrive IgM and IgG reactive results, and four workers gave IgG reactive results.Conclusion : IgM and IgG were detected in Balai Wilayah Sungai Sulawesi I workers and this results could be use as a markers for further examination.

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Zhao, Qingqing, Chu-Ren Huang et Yunfei Long. « Synaesthesia in Chinese : A corpus-based study on gustatory adjectives in Mandarin ». Linguistics 56, n^o 5 (28 août 2018) : 1167–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2018-0019.

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Abstract This study adopted a corpus-based approach to examine the synaesthetic metaphors of gustatory adjectives in Mandarin. Based on the distribution of synaesthetic uses in the corpus, we found that: (1) the synaesthetic metaphors of Mandarin gustatory adjectives exhibited directionality; (2) the directionality of Mandarin synaesthetic gustatory adjectives showed both commonality and specificity when compared with the attested directionality of gustatory adjectives in English, which calls for a closer re-examination of the claim of cross-lingual universality of synaesthetic tendencies; and (3) the distribution and directionality of Mandarin synaesthetic gustatory adjectives could not be predicted by a single hypothesis, such as the embodiment-driven approach or the biological association-driven approach. Thus, linguistic synaesthesia was constrained by both the embodiment principle and the biological association mechanism.

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Sanders, Shaakirrah. « Making the Right Call for Confrontation at Felony Sentencing ». University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, n^o 47.3 (2014) : 791. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.47.3.making.

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Felony sentencing courts have discretion to increase punishment based on un-cross-examined testimonial statements about several categories of uncharged, dismissed, or otherwise unproven criminal conduct. Denying defendants an opportunity to cross-examine these categories of sentencing evidence undermines a core principle of natural law as adopted in the Sixth Amendment: those accused of felony crimes have the right to confront adversarial witnesses. This Article contributes to the scholarship surrounding confrontation rights at felony sentencing by cautioning against continued adherence to the most historic Supreme Court case on this issue, Williams v. New York. This Article does so for reasons beyond the unacknowledged dark racial undercurrent that permeated the facts and circumstances of that case. Instead, this Article challenges the Williams Court’s assumption that judicial authority existed in pre-Founding felony cases to consider un-cross-examined testimony for purposes of fixing the punishment. This Article also examines whether recent Court decisions requiring cross-examination of testimonial statements at trial should cause the Court to reconsider its current understanding of confrontation rights at sentencing. Furthermore, this Article addresses the growing importance of sentencing hearings given the prevelance of guilty pleas in the modern U.S. criminal justice system. This work advances the discussion on this issue by proposing a framework to distinguish between testimonial statements that should be cross-examined and those that should not. It concludes that, in some circumstances, confrontation is the right call at felony sentencing and advocates a balanced and practical application of this vital right.

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Murphy, Jack. « Combating the ‘myth of physical restraint’ in human trafficking and modern slavery trials heard in the Crown Court ». International Journal of Evidence & ; Proof 26, n^o 1 (1 décembre 2021) : 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13657127211060555.

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The greatest hurdle to an effective criminal justice response to human trafficking is the prevalence of myths about how exploitation happens and who ‘counts’ as a genuine victim. This includes the myth that, to be a genuine victim, an individual must have been subject to some form of physical restraint. Previous work has demonstrated how this myth undermines trafficking prosecutions in various jurisdictions. It has demonstrated that, in the absence of physical restraint during their exploitation, victims are deemed to lack credibility. However, what is missing in the current body literature is a robust analysis of whether something should be done to address this issue. By engaging with the foundational principle of accurate fact-finding, this article argues that some form of regulation of cross-examination in the English and Welsh jurisdiction, with a view to preventing this myth from manifesting in trials, would be justified.

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Čulo, Oliver. « Constructions-and-frames analysis of translations ». Constructions and Frames 5, n^o 2 (31 décembre 2013) : 143–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cf.5.2.02cul.

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Translation can generally be seen as a task in which the meaning of the original should be preserved as far as possible. This paper formulates the preservation of meaning in terms of the primacy of the frame hypothesis: ideally, the frame of the original is matched by the frame of the translation. I investigate one factor overriding this principle in translations between English and German through the examination of two grammatical constructions, one in English, one in German, which are not commonly available in the other language. Picking a construction comparable in function in the target language leads to frame shifts. In addition to highlighting the interplay between construction and frame choice, the paper explores how frame-to-frame relations can be used to describe the semantic relatedness of original and translation in cases of frame divergences. Theoretical and methodological questions and implications of the cross-lingual application of frame relations are discussed at the end.

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Kim, Byung-Soo. « Protection of Child Victims of Sexual Violence and Guarantee of the Right to Cross-examination of the Accused through Video trial : Constitutional Court 2021.12.23., 2018Heonba 524 decision ». Korean Association of Criminal Procedure Law 14, n^o 2 (30 juin 2022) : 255–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.34222/kdps.2022.14.2.255.

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In the case of sexual violence crimes stipulated in the 'Sexual Violence Punishment Act', in the case of a victim under the age of 19 recorded in a video, when the authenticity of the establishment is recognized by a court statement of a trusted person or a person who was a witness during the investigation process. It is related to the special provision that limits the defendant's right to cross-examine the original affidavit by stipulating that evidence can be recognized even in the present case. According to the Constitutional Court, preventing secondary harm to minor victims is an important value that cannot be given up in forming criminal procedures for sexual violence crimes. Even though a harmonious method can be assumed, the provision for judgment excessively restricts the defendant's right of defense by practically excluding the defendant's right to cross-examine the original speaker in the statement of the minor victim included in the video. Balance of legal interests, Violation of the principle of excessive prohibition, such as the minimum of infringement, infringes the right of the accused to receive a fair trial. The current law provides various witness support systems that can prevent and guarantee the defendant's right to cross-examination in consideration of the various secondary damages that can occur to minor victims during the testimony process. In the case of witness interrogation of minor victims of sexual violence through sexual assault, there is no choice but to appear in court again and make a statement, so the effect of reducing secondary damage caused by repeated statements will not be significant. As a way to reduce the secondary damage through direct face-to-face, we intend to review the video trial by means of a video relay as an improvement method. In the case of the witness interrogation system by means of a video relay system, the victim does not have to attend the courtroom or face the accused in person because the victim attends the testimony room outside the court and testifies through the relay device. However, if reference is made to the standards that can limit the defendant's right to face through the Craig Test on the remote witness interrogation procedure in the United States, it is possible to operate witness interrogation using video and other relay devices without infringing direct attention and the defendant's right to face. will be. In other words, if the right to face the accused and the right to cross-examination cannot be fully guaranteed, a significant public interest must exist. In addition, the credibility of the testimony must be secured in such a way that the underage victim can take an oath, cross-examination is possible, and the form of testimony can be confirmed in front of a judge, jury, and the accused.

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Palma, Brenda U., Vilma Ramos, Rosemarie R. Casimiro et Arneil G. Gabriel. « Harmony in Educational Institution : Management-Employee Union’s Shared Responsibility ». Journal of Public Administration and Governance 9, n^o 1 (12 mars 2019) : 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v9i1.14217.

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The principle of shared responsibility is the key to harmony and cooperation between recognized employees’ union and management of the university. This study was conducted to analyze the attitude of the members of Wesleyan University Philippines-Faculty and Staff Association (WUPFSA) towards their union. Through the use of descriptive correlational research method, survey questionnaires, interviews, and cross-examination of secondary data, the study was able to: a) describe variables such association-demographic profile of the members, employees’ attitude towards union’s role, as well as problems encountered through the years; and b) determine the significant relationship between the socio-demographic profile of the employees and their attitude towards the association. The study also found out that the positive attitude of the employees towards the union is attributable to the commitment of the officers in the discharge of their duties and responsibilities. The positive attitude of members towards the management not only strengthens the union but also promotes peace and harmony within the educational milieu significantly boosting the morale of employees and generating activities which fosters academic excellence.

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Fajarna, Farah, Safridha Kemala Putri et Nelvi Indah Irayana. « Perbedaan kadar glukosa darah berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan spektrofotometer dengan glukometer di UPTD Puskesmas Sukajaya Kota Sabang ». Jurnal SAGO Gizi dan Kesehatan 4, n^o 1 (19 décembre 2022) : 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.30867/gikes.v4i1.1068.

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Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders with typical symptoms of hyperglycemia. Blood glucose examination can use a spectrophotometer and a glucometer (Point of Care Test). Although both are used to check blood glucose, these two tools have some differences when viewed from the working principle, the samples used, and their benefits. Both tools have advantages and disadvantages. The cost factor, a spectrophotometer is more expensive and requires more blood and a long time. Compared to glucometers, which are cheaper, easier to use, and have faster results. However, the level of reliability in measuring the value of fasting blood sugar levels is not yet significantly known.Objectives: This study aims to measure the difference in fasting blood sugar levels based on a spectrophotometer examination with a glucometer examination at Sukajaya Health Center, Sabang City.Methods: The analytical descriptive research uses a cross-sectional design. The research was conducted at the Sukajaya Health Center in Sabang City in October 2019. The object of this study was 24 patients. The examination is carried out through a Duplo process to avoid errors. The tools used to check fasting blood sugar levels are Spectrophotometer and Glucometer. Data analysis used non-parametric statistical tests, namely Kruskal Wallis, at 95% CI.Results: The average fasting blood glucose level using a spectrophotometer with repetition twice (Duplo) is 146.83 mg/dl (minimum= 77 mg/dl and maximum= 404 mg/dl). While the average value of fasting blood glucose levels examined using a glucometer is 158,25 mg/dl (minimum = 66 mg/dl and maximum= 424 mg/dl). The results of statistical tests indicate a difference in the average fasting blood glucose levels in patients examined using a spectrophotometer with a glucometer (p= 0,019; p < 0,05) at UPTD Puskesmas Sukajaya Sabang City.Conclusion: Using a glucometer, the results of checking blood glucose levels show a higher value than a spectrophotometer. There are differences in fasting blood sugar levels in patients examined with a spectrophotometer and glucometer.

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Prastanti, Agustina Dwi, Bagus Abimanyu, Andrey Nino Kurniawan et Salis Nurbaiti. « CR Image Optimization and Radiation Dose Limitation With Collimation Adjusting on Cervical Radiography ». Jurnal Imejing Diagnostik (JImeD) 8, n^o 1 (11 février 2022) : 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31983/jimed.v8i1.8259.

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Background: Radiological examination in cervical services, Radiographers often opening the collimation wider of the size of the imaging plate for fear of being cut. This is done because it is supported by the image cropping facility on the CR. So there is a habit of opening the collimation width as wide as the imaging plate, which is often done with the assumption that it is better to widen the collimation than cut off the object. Obviously this will increase the radiation dose in patients with basic limitations. According to ICRP, patient safety must refer to the principle of radiation protection ALARA namely in the shortest possible time to get quality radiographs and patients receive the most minimum radiation exposure as possible.Methods: This research is a descriptive analytic research conducted with a cross sectional approach. The study was conducted by varying the radiation field area to be used for cervical examination. There are 10 variations of collimation area with 3 (three) exposures in each collimation. Then measured contrast, noise and radiation dose. Radiation dose is calculated by means of a babyline device.Results: The results showed that the collimation setting did not affect contrast radiography in CR because collimation was not the main factor that could affect contrast radiography on CR. The collimation setting on cervical radiography has an effect on the radiation dose, so it is necessary to adjust the collimation to get the minimum dose possible. The most optimal collimation area on cervical radiographic examination was obtained at a size of 12 x 24 cm with the smallest noise reception and dose compared to others and had higher contrast. Average contrast value achieved was 0.45 with a dose of 39.23 µGy.Conclusion: The collimation setting on cervical radiography has an effect on the radiation dose, so it is very necessary to adjust the collimation to get the minimum dose possible. The most optimal collimation area on cervical radiographic examination is obtained at a size of 12 x 24 cm with the smallest noise reception and dose compared to others and has a higher contrast.

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Akhtyrska, N. « ASSESSMENT OF THE CONCLUSIONS OF «SCIENTIFIC JUDGES» IN THE PRACTICE OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS ». Criminalistics and Forensics, n^o 64 (7 mai 2019) : 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2019.64.09.

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The article, based on an analysis of judicial and investigative practices, highlighted the complex issues relating to the legal status of an expert and a specialist, ensuring their independence, evaluating and using the conclusions of an expert and a specialist by the court in strict compliance with and ensuring the principle of equality of the parties in the criminal process. The defense has the right to request the cross-examination of the expert, regardless of whether he was questioned at the pre-trial investigation stage. This does not exclude the possibility of using the previous testimony in court (protocol, audio, video recording), but only for the purpose of establishing contradictions. Refusal to satisfy the petition is a violation of the Convention requirements for a fair trial and equality of the parties. A tacit refusal of any guarantee of justice is not excluded, but at the same time, the existence of such a refusal must be proved «unequivocally». The court is obliged to accept as evidence from the defense the findings of the expert on the same issues on which the prosecution provided the findings of the state examination. The rules of admissibility of evidence may sometimes be contrary to the principles of equality of the procedural capacities of the parties and the adversarial process or otherwise affect the fairness of the proceedings. The rules for the admissibility of the conclusions of a specialist should not deprive the party of defense of the opportunity to effectively challenge them, in particular, by using them in the case or obtaining other opinions and conclusions. The state prosecution is obliged to disclose to the defense all available evidence (the conclusions of the examination for the benefit of the prosecution, and for the benefit of the defense). Hiding expert conclusions is a violation of the principle of equality of the parties. In the context of globalization, it is often necessary to use evidence obtained in the territory of a foreign state. All documents must be provided to the defense for review in plain language. If at the end of the investigation some documents are not translated and it is provided only after the start of the judicial review, the court is obliged to announce their contents and provide them for review. According to the Court, this does not constitute a violation of the right to defense. In case of poor-quality translation, the party has the right to request a re-transfer. If documents in a foreign language remain in the case file (without translation), this does not indicate a violation of convention standards if the arguments contained in these documents are not based on the indictment or conviction. Thus, in order to provide methodological assistance to law enforcement agencies and courts in the application of legislation related to the involvement of experts and the assessment of their findings, it is necessary to develop guidelines with regard to international standards, convention requirements, as well as to make changes and additions to existing legislation. Key words: criminal proceedings, «scientific judges», questioning of an expert, expert opinion, specialist opinion, European Court of Human Rights.

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FADLI, Moh, Aan Eko WIDIARTO, Dhiana PUSPITAWATI, Diah Pawestri MAHARANI, Airin LIEMANTO, Zainal ARIFIEN et Rizki Febrianto SUPRIYADI. « THE LEGAL CONSTRUCTION OF SPIRITUALITY, ETHICAL AND SUSTAINABLE TOURISM OF TEMPLES IN MALANG RAYA, INDONESIA ». GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites 35, n^o 2 (30 juin 2021) : 515–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30892/gtg.35232-679.

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Temples has become one of the main tourism destinations in which a lot of people look for spiritual fulﬁlment. However, there are many weaknessess on protection and management of temples in Malang Raya that do not consider spirituality, ethics and sustainable tourism aspects. The paper aims to construct integrated law regarding protection and management of temples in Malang Raya based on the principle of spirituality, ethics and sustainable tourism. This research is a socio-legal study integrating legal, economics, cultural studies. The research data was collected from library research and observation of 29 temples, followed by cross-examination analysis techniques to formulate the solution. The results identify challenges encountered in the protection and management of the temples in Malang, in terms of regulation, economics, market, attraction, accommodations, environment, and ethics. Hence, the integrated legal construction covering all sectors is a key to protection and management of temple tourism in Malang Raya. The changing from government-based to community-based has its urgency to be applied to help involve more participation of the society. Furthermore, optimizing this transformation of paradigm can be accelerated through education program such as hands-on training or formal education.

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Firmansyah, Prasetya Angga, Risky Irawan, Dian Rahadianti et Fachrudi Hanafi. « HUBUNGAN INDEKS MASSA TUBUH (IMT) DENGAN RASIO VOLUME EKSPIRASI PAKSA SATU DETIK PERTAMA PER KAPASITAS VITAL PAKSA (VEP1/KVP) PADA PASIEN ASMA STABIL DI RSUD KOTA MATARAM 2019 ». JURNAL KEDOKTERAN 6, n^o 2 (27 mai 2021) : 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.36679/kedokteran.v6i2.332.

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Saat ini asma masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan utama baik di negara maju maupun di negara berkembang. Diperkirakan terdapat 300 juta penduduk di dunia menderita asma. Prevalensi asma di Indonesia sendiri pada tahun 2018 sebesar 2,4%. Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) berada di peringkat ke 7 dengan angka kejadian mencapai 2,5%. Asma adalah penyakit heterogen dengan berbagai proses penyebab yang mendasarinya. Salah satu penyebab asma yang telah diidentifkasi adalah asma dengan obesitas. Gold standart dalam pemeriksaan penyakit asma adalah spirometri. Parameter yang dinilai dalam pemeriksaan spirometri untuk menilai derajat obstruksi pasien asma adalah VEP1/KVP. Perubahan pada IMT baik overweight maupun underweight akan menyebabkan perubahan mekanik dan kimiawi sistem pernapasan yang nantinya berperan sebagai faktor yang berpengaruh dan memperberat nilai VE1/KVP pada pasien asma. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini mengetahui hubungan indek massa tubuh dengan rasio volume ekspirasi paksa satu detik pertama per kapasital vital paksa pada pasien asma stabil di RSUD Kota Mataram 2019. Penelitian ini merupakan analitik observasional, dengan rancangan cross sectional. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa data sekunder dari rekam medik pasien asma yang menjalani rawat jalan di RSUD Kota Mataram 2019 berupa data berat badan dan tinggi badan serta nilai VEP1/KVP. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 118 orang. Analisis data menggunakan rank spearman dengan bantuan software SPSS versi 25. Hasil analisis didapatkan nilai p-value 0,000 (p-value ≤0,05), yang berarti terdapat hubungan antara IMT dan VEP1/KVP pada pasien asma stabil. Terdapat hubungan antara Indeks Massa Tubuh dengan rasio VEP1/KVP pada pasien asma stabil di RSUD Kota Mataram 2019.Kata Kunci: Asma, indeks massa tubuh, VEP1/KVP.ABSTRACTRight now, asthma is as yet one of the principle medical issues in both created and non-industrial nations. The highest quality level in inspecting asthma is spirometry. The boundary evaluated in the spirometry assessment to survey the level of impediment in asthma patients was FEV1/FVC. Changes in BMI both overweight and underweight will cause mechanical and synthetic changes in the respiratory framework which will later go about as an impacting factor and bother the VE1/KVP esteem in asthma patients. The reason for this examination to decide the connection between weight file and the proportion of constrained expiratory volume of the first second per constrained fundamental limit in stable asthma patients at Mataram City Clinic 2019. This examination was an observational scientific contemplated, with a cross sectional plan. This examination utilizing optional information from clinical records of asthma patients as weight and tallness information just as VEP1/KVP esteems. The patients are going through outpatient at the Mataram City Medical clinic in 2019. The example in this investigation added up to 118 individuals. Information examination utilized position spearman with the assistance of SPSS form 25 programming The aftereffects of the investigation utilizing Rank Spearmen acquired a p-value of 0.000 (p-value ≤0.05), which implies that there is a connection among BMI and FEV1/FVC in stable asthma patients at Mataram City Clinic 2019.Keywords: Asthma, body mass index, FEV1/FVC.

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Pallivilla, Uma Rani, Vahini Gudeli, Maadhurika Ledalla et Rajendra Jalagam. « Patterns of Neonatal Thrombocytopenia with A Note on Platelet Indices and Optical Technology – A Cross-Sectional Study ». Annals of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine 9, n^o 7 (12 août 2022) : A148–154. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apalm.3177.

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Introduction: Neonatal thrombocytopenia is defined as a platelet count <150×10^9/L regardless of gestational-age. It results from hypo-proliferation in marrow or peripheral destruction of platelets. Platelet count can be rapidly measured using automated hematology analyzers, but peripheral smear remains best method. The causes of neonatal thrombocytopenia are defined by time of presentation into foetal (mainly TORCH infections), early (< 3 days), and late. The present study highlights pattern and severity of neonatal thrombocytopenia in study hospital, adding importance of platelet indices and optical technology. Aim: To study patterns and severity of neonatal thrombocytopenia, platelet indices and to measure accuracy of platelet count by optical technology methods against peripheral smear. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study done for a period of 8 months from December 2018 to July 2019, at ASRAM medical college, Eluru. During this period blood samples of 113 critical cases of newborns, admitted with thrombocytopenia, were collected in Ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) vials. The platelet count was analyzed by two automated analyzers, Sysmex XN1000 and Horiba ABX Pentra XL 80. The Leishman-stained films were examined under a light microscope. ANOVA test was used to find mean difference between platelet counts, sensitivity, and specificity, and accuracy was calculated by MEDCALC CALCULATOR. Results: Out of total of 113 critical cases of new-borns admitted to Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at institute, 85 presented with thrombocytopenia. The variation of platelet indices was noted in 40 cases, blood cultures were collected in 77 cases. Thrombocytopenia showing platelet count less than 20,000/ mm3 is considered very severe, with 30.5% (26 cases) of total number. Elevated platelet indices were noted at 47.5%. The common clinical diagnosis was neonatal sepsis (42.3%), followed by neonatal jaundice (18.8%). The light scatterer principle of platelet evaluation proved to have better accuracy than electrical impedance, in comparison to peripheral smear findings. Conclusion: The study concludes that neonatal septicemia is major cause of neonatal thrombocytopenia as proved by correlating platelet count with platelet indices. And also, usage of automated hemogram reports with platelet indices, is a source of information to suspect etiology of thrombocytopenia thereby preventing adverse outcomes. The principle of Optical Light scatterer technique in an automated analyzer gives better results than the electrical impedance technique for detecting platelet count value, though peripheral smear examination is mandatory for confirmation.

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Suziarty, Yessy, Ratna Akbari Ganie et Santi Syafril. « THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NITRIC OXIDE AND GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN CONTROLLED AND UNCONTROLLED TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS IN THE ADAM MALIK HOSPITAL MEDAN ». INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY 25, n^o 1 (1 novembre 2018) : 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24293/ijcpml.v25i1.1513.

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Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia and other metabolic changes can cause Nitric Oxide (NO) production disturbance. This study investigated the difference in the levels of NO and its’relationship with HbA1c in controlled and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus type 2 patients in the Adam Malik Hospital. This study was a cross-sectional study, conducted in Outpatient Clinic and Inpatient Ward of Internal Medicine Section of Endocrinology in the Adam Malik Hospital on June through October 2016, involving 70 patients type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) consisting of 35 controlled type 2 diabetes patients and 35 uncontrolled type 2 diabetes patients that fulfill this study’s criteria. Nitric Oxide examination conducted by using Chemwell analyzer with the principle of double-antibody sandwich using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). There was no significant relationship between HbA1c and Nitric Oxide in patients with controlled (r = 0.264) (p = 0.125) and uncontrolled (r = 0.194) (p = 0.265) type 2 diabetes mellitus. But there was a significant relationship between HbA1c and NO in patients with type 2 DM (r = 0,636) (p = 0.0001). In this study, there was no significant association between HbA1c and Nitric Oxide levels in patients with controlled and uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus. There is a statistically significant relationship between HbA1C and NO in patients with type 2 diabetes.

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Kuswati, Kuswati, et Rohmi Handayani. « BONE DENSITY OF THE LUMBAR SPINE L1-L4 AND FEMUR NECK ON CHILDBEARING AGE WOMAN WHO ARE IMPLANT AND NON HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVES ACCEPTORS. » Journal of Midwifery 3, n^o 1 (30 juin 2018) : 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jom.1.1.25-32.2018.

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mplant contraception is one type of contraceptive in the form of an implant made of silastik rubber containing the progestin hormone (levonogestrel) attached to the upper arm. This contraceptives are effective enough to prevent pregnancy in long-term with a lifetime of 3 years for 2 sticks and 1 stick implant. The main principle of levonorgestrel implants was to inhibite the ovulation resulting suppression of estrogen production. Estrogen is one of the important factors in bone remodeling. This becomes our concerns about the effect of implant use on the bone health status of the acceptors. The objective of this study is to determine mean difference of bone mineral density of the Lumbar Spine L1-L4 and Femur Neck on childbearing age woman who are implant acceptors and non hormonal family planning acceptors.This study was analytic survey with cross sectional design. The population in this study were all childbearing age woman in the work area of South Klaten Public Health Center. The sample were 30 people using purposive sampling. Data analysis was performed using Unpaired T-test with p ≤ 0,05. The result of examination on implant acceptor group totaling 15 people shown that the average of T-Score Lumbar Spine L1-L4 bone density was 0,51 and T-score of Femur neck bone was 0,1. While the results of bone density examination in the group of acceptor non hormonal totaling 15 people shown that the average value of T-score Lumbar Spine L1-L4 was 0.72, whereas the mean value of T-score of femur neck bone was 0.06. Unpaired T-Test statistic test for difference of bumble density of Lumbar Spine L1-L4 and Femur Neck between the two groups obtained P value 0.611 and 0.889 (P> 0,05). So there is no statistically significant difference between Lumbar spine L1-L4 and Femur neck bone density on childbearing age woman who are non-hormonal and implant acceptors. Keyword: Bone density, Lumbar Spine L1-L4, Femur neck, Implant, non hormonal Contraceptive

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Martínez, Luisa, Cindy Mendivelso, Paula Bustamante, César Sánchez et Ángela Sarrazola. « Prevalence of temporomandibular dysfunction and pain syndrome and associated factors in dental students ». Revista Estomatología 23, n^o 1 (1 juillet 2015) : 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/re.v23i1.2966.

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Background: Temporomandibular joint dysfunction and pain syndrome (TMJD) has been identified as one of the principle causes of non-dental pain in the orofacial region. Objective: To describe the prevalence of TMJD and associated factors in the students of the faculty of odontology of the University Cooperativa de Colombia (UCC), Envigado campus. Materials and methods: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study. 98 randomly selected students were evaluated. A survey, clinical examination, Helkimo index, emotional distress and anxiety test was performed. Univariate and bivariate analysis was performed (Chi2, p<0,05). Results: 66% were women. The average age was 21 years (SD±3). 26,5% had dental clenching habit, 26,5% and 18,4% onicofagia bruxism. 31,6% reported joint click, 30,6% headache or neck pain, 18,4% pain in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and 12,2% mandibular stiffness. Clinically, 44,5% presented unilateral chewing. 62,2% showed deviation on opening and 81,6% on closing. 42,9% had anxiety disorder and to a lesser extent panic disorder. 74,7% had mild TMJD. No difference was found with statistical significance between the prevalence of sex TMJD. (Chi2, p=0,255) or any association with anxiety disorders (Chi2, p=0,060), and distress. Conclusions: Mild TMJD was most frequent among the student population. Clenching habits, nail biting and unilateral chewing were identified. No difference was found by gender or any association with anxiety disorder or anxiety. Particularly striking is the high prevalence of unilateral chewing and anxiety disorder, which are important to study.

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Eyifa-Dzidzienyo, Gertrude Aba Mansah. « Social Construction and the Invisible Gender Roles in Talensi House Construction ». EAZ – Ethnographisch-Archaeologische Zeitschrift 53, n^o 1/2 (22 août 2022) : 86–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.54799/wfop9930.

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»Women do not build«, is a Talensi saying that is known to the young and the old of both sexes. Is there any truth in this saying? Or can a building be constructed by men only? Gender is a basic structuring principle for Talensi activities including house construction. However, some gendered roles are socially more visible and acknowledged than others. Gender is used here to refer to the socially, culturally, psychologically and historically constructed identities that the Talensi perceive as male and female. The society has accordingly defined roles for men and women in house construction. This paper examines gender perspectives among the Talensi of Tengzug in indigenous house construction. Who does what on the basis of biological, cultural, social and historical experiences? The methods used in gathering data included interviewing a cross section of people of both sexes, differing ages and social status. Ethnographic data was collected by personal observation and participation in gendered activities. The research found adequate evidence to show that both sexes and gender groups contribute substantially to house construction. Men are responsible for the erection of building structures and roofing while women do the plastering and flooring. It also shows that the invisibility of women in Talensi indigenous house construction is set and guided by local cultural norms and practices that are underpinned by a patrilineal system of inheritance. A critical examination of the total building experiences of the Talensi society shows that women do build.

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Namba, Takayuki, Nobuyuki Masaki, Bonpei Takase et Takeshi Adachi. « Arterial Stiffness Assessed by Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, n^o 15 (26 juillet 2019) : 3664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20153664.

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Arterial stiffness is an age-related disorder. In the medial layer of arteries, mechanical fracture due to fatigue failure for the pulsatile wall strain causes medial degeneration vascular remodeling. The alteration of extracellular matrix composition and arterial geometry result in structural arterial stiffness. Calcium deposition and other factors such as advanced glycation end product-mediated collagen cross-linking aggravate the structural arterial stiffness. On the other hand, endothelial dysfunction is a cause of arterial stiffness. The biological molecular mechanisms relating to aging are known to involve the progression of arterial stiffness. Arterial stiffness further applies stress on large arteries and also microcirculation. Therefore, it is closely related to adverse outcomes in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular system. Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) is a promising diagnostic tool for evaluating arterial stiffness. The principle is based on stiffness parameter β, which is an index intended to assess the distensibility of carotid artery. Stiffness parameter β is a two-dimensional technique obtained from changes of arterial diameter by pulse in one section. CAVI applied the stiffness parameter β to all of the arterial segments between heart and ankle using pulse wave velocity. CAVI has been commercially available for a decade and the clinical data of its effectiveness has accumulated. The characteristics of CAVI differ from other physiological tests of arterial stiffness due to the independency from blood pressure at the time of examination. This review describes the pathophysiology of arterial stiffness and CAVI. Molecular mechanisms will also be covered.

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MCDERMOTT, YVONNE. « The Admissibility and Weight of Written Witness Testimony in International Criminal Law : A Socio-Legal Analysis ». Leiden Journal of International Law 26, n^o 4 (8 novembre 2013) : 971–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156513000502.

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AbstractThis article introduces some quantitative and qualitative analysis on the use of written witness statements in lieu of oral testimony at trial to assess in practice the impact of the rules on the admissibility of written witness testimony before the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, and the Special Court for Sierra Leone. It traces pieces of evidence admitted under the newer, more liberal, rules on written witness testimony from admissibility to judgment, to establish what impact, if any, these rules have had in practice and whether the critique that such rules might jeopardize fair-trial standards has been realized. The analysis illustrates that the newer rules on admissibility are used with relative infrequency in some tribunals, but that the admission of such statements could raise the question of equality of arms in others, given that the more liberal rules on written statements tend to be used more frequently by the prosecution than by the defence. It will be shown that some chambers have continued to emphasize the importance of oral testimony and have taken a very cautious approach when weighing written testimony, whilst others have suggested that written testimony that was not subject to full cross-examination should not, in principle, be given less weight than oral testimony. The ‘totality of the evidence’ approach in weighing the evidence will be analysed from a practical standpoint, and it will be shown that recent Appeals Chamber jurisprudence suggests that trial chambers may need to take a more particularized approach to pieces of evidence in the future.

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Konevskikh, Liliya A., T. T. Ladokhina, E. D. Konstantinova et S. G. Astakhova. « THE IMPACT OF OCCUPATIONAL AND LIFESTYLE FACTORS ON STATE OF ARTERIAL VESSELS IN COPPER INDUSTRY WORKERS ». Hygiene and sanitation 99, n^o 1 (15 janvier 2020) : 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33029/0016-9900-2020-99-1-45-50.

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Introduction. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in working-age population, including mortality occurring through occupational fatalities. The core principle in fighting CVDs is having special consideration for individuals with a high risk of its development. In order to identify those individuals, the SCORE (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation) system is advised. The realizations (i.e. the effects of exposure) with respect to the same risk factors may vary across individuals. Therefore, it is of urging importance to conduct an assessment of the integral cardiovascular risk estimates that are informative of coming-to-an-effect long-term exposures to adverse factors and helpful in identifying changes at early reversible stages of CVD. Material and methods. A cross-sectional study included 108 male workers aged 27-63 years, without apparent health disorders who been working in unsafe conditions over from 4 to 40 years, employed as occupational staff (converter furnace operators, charge workers, burners, smelters) in copper production enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region. Clinical examination and laboratory tests were conducted at the Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center in 2017-2018. The evaluated indices included: total cholesterol (TC), glucose, Pb and Cu level in blood. A 3D-sphygmography with CAVI assessment and aa. carotides ultrasound with intima-media thickness (IMT) assessment were performed. Cardiovascular risk (CVR) was evaluated according to the SCORE assessment. Results. The following CVR factors were identified: smoking (72.2%), obesity of various classes (33.3%), TC > 4.9 mmol/l (57.9%), high fasting glucose (73.9%) and arterial hypertension stages 1-2 (40.7%). An arterial vessel stiffness increase by CAVI (>8.0) was found in 28.7% of subjects. Associations were found between CAVI index and (i) total CVR level as evaluated by SCORE (p=0.00105), (ii) blood Cu level (r=0.33). Therefore, further research is needed.

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Brigham, Christopher R. « Legal Update : Cross-Examination : Fifth Edition Examples ». Guides Newsletter 8, n^o 2 (1 mars 2003) : 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2003.marapr02.

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Abstract Physicians may need to defend their impairment evaluation opinions during cross-examination, and, in contrast to direct examination during which leading questions cannot be asked, during cross-examination the laws of evidence allow the questioning attorney to pose leading questions that are designed to elicit more information than a “yes” or “no” answer. A witness being cross-examined with leading questions typically may respond “yes,” “no,” or “I don't know,” but physicians should not volunteer information during examination because this may disclose inappropriate information. Similarly, physicians should avoid vague terms such as “I guess,” “I believe,” or “It's possible.” If the witness does not know the answer, the proper response is “I don't know,” or “I don't remember.” The expert's professional qualifications, expert opinion, and reasoning in forming that opinion are all subject to challenge, and the expert must be qualified to perform permanent impairment evaluations and prepare a report with supportable conclusions. The article includes examples of cross-examinations based on principles from the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Chapters 1 and 2. For example, evaluators may be criticized for erroneously using the terms guidelines instead of guides and disability instead of impairment; physicians who use impairment and disability interchangeably should expect close cross-examination. Evaluating physicians also may be challenged regarding their status as “independent and unbiased” examiners based on having seen the patient only once or, as a treating physician, on numerous occasions.

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Jabeen, Faiza, Syeda Khadija et Sapna Daud. « Prevalence of Primary and Secondary Infertility ». Saudi Journal of Medicine 7, n^o 1 (17 janvier 2022) : 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjm.2022.v07i01.004.

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Objective: The purpose of this study is to decide the prevalence of primary and secondary infertility. Material and Method: In this systematic review facts extracted by Medline, PubMed, science direct and Obs gyne online library that were queried for studies posted between 2005 to 2021 by using specific MeSH terms. We extracted data from 15 cross sectional studies that was carried out in discipline exercise regions of tertiary care health facility. Results: This study shows data from population surveys reporting on occurrence of number one and secondary infertility. Fifteen research furnished estimates of primary and secondary infertility incidence in 6400 infertile couple. Out of 6400 infertile patients 3600 (fifty six.25%) offering with primary and 2800 (43.2%) supplying with secondary infertility. Age distribution with number one infertility confirmed that the majority of the participants belong to the most fertile age institution. Age distribution of women with secondary infertility confirmed that majority belongs to the age institution of 30–39 years. The primary results of the modern researches had been the primary infertility’s high rate (fifty six.25%) and excessive charge of female factors among infertile couples. Although, it has been said in other researches that female variables (40%), male variables (40%) or a combination (20%) of each could be associated to the causes of infertility. Motive of the couple’s infertility turned into determined on the basis of their examination results and medical history. As compared to the secondary infertility, number one infertility occurrence was higher within the people approaching a tertiary care middle of public zone. Conclusion: From this systematic evaluate we concluded that as compared to secondary infertility, the primary infertility’s superiority is higher. The marriage age is increasing which impacts reasons with male variables and unexplained infertility greater generally observed with increasing age of marriage. Female component stays a principle reason for the infertility including some unexplained reasons and means. In the population coming to a public region tertiary care center, the number one infertility’s prevalence is higher as compared to the prevalence of secondary infertility.

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Bamforth, Nicholas. « Parliamentary privilege and defamation ». Cambridge Law Journal 58, n^o 3 (novembre 1999) : 461–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197399243012.

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IN the past five years, the conceptual ambiguities of Parliamentary privilege have come to haunt the courts with a vengeance. Ancient constitutional questions such as what constitutes a “proceeding” in Parliament and what counts as “questioning” a proceeding–encapsulated in colourful nineteenth-century cases like Stockdale v. Hansard (1839) 9 Ad.&E. 1, the Case of the Sheriff of Middlesex (1840) 11 Ad.&E. 273, and Bradlaugh v. Gossett (1884) 12 Q.B.D. 271–have been at the forefront of a clutch of recent decisions. In Prebble v. Television New Zealand [1995] 1 A.C. 321, the Privy Council gave new bite to Parliamentary privilege by ruling (in relation to the New Zealand Parliament) that it would be an abuse of both Article 9 of the 1689 Bill of Rights–which prohibits courts from questioning the freedom of speech and debates or proceedings in Parliament–and of a broader principle of mutuality of respect between Parliament and the judiciary, to allow any party to litigation to “bring into question anything said or done in the House by suggesting (whether by direct evidence, cross-examination, inference or submission) that the actions or words were inspired by improper motives or were untrue or misleading” (above, at 337). As a result, domestic courts stayed two libel actions brought by Members of Parliament, on the basis that the claims and defences involved raised issues whose investigation would infringe Parliamentary privilege (see, e.g., Allason v. Haines, The Times, 25 July 1995). Parliament responded by enacting section 13 of the Defamation Act 1996, allowing individual MPs to waive Parliamentary privilege in order to bring defamation actions. But in an apparent reassertion of the spirit of Prebble, the Court of Appeal expressly approved–albeit outside the context of defamation–the Privy Council's wide definition of privilege as a matter of domestic law (R. v. Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards, ex p. Fayed [1998] 1 W.L.R. 669, noted [1998] C.L.J. 6).

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Vance, Charles, David M. Boje et H. Daniel Stage. « An Examination of the Cross-Cultural Transferability of Traditional Training Principles for. Optimizing Individual Learning ». Journal of Teaching in International Business 2, n^o 3-4 (18 juin 1991) : 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j066v02n03_08.

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Munday, Roderick. « The Paradox of Cross-Examination to Credit—Simply Too Close for Comfort ». Cambridge Law Journal 53, n^o 2 (juillet 1994) : 303–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197300099062.

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Any defendant with a criminal record, who takes the witness-stand, must beware the snares of section 1(f) of the Criminal Evidence Act 1898. The shield this statute confers, once described by Viscount Sankey as “one of the most deeply rooted and jealously guarded principles of our criminal law”, which forbids the prosecution or any co-accused from questioning him on his previous convictions and general bad character, can be forfeited in three ways. An accused may variously adduce evidence of his good character, cast imputations on the character of the prosecutor or the witnesses for the Crown, or give evidence against a co-accused: in each of these circumstances, under sub-provisos (ii) and (iii) of section 1(f), cross-examination of the accused on his bad character then becomes permissible with the leave of the judge. Although there is a frail argument that such evidence may go to issue, the overwhelming preponderance of authority holds

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Kumar, Vinay, et T. N. Krishnamurti. « Improved Seasonal Precipitation Forecasts for the Asian Monsoon Using 16 Atmosphere–Ocean Coupled Models. Part I : Climatology ». Journal of Climate 25, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2012) : 39–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jcli4125.1.

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Abstract The goal of this study is to utilize several recent developments on rainfall data collection, downscaling of available climate models, training and forecasts from such models within the framework of a multimodel superensemble, and first a detailed examination of the seasonal climatology. The unique aspect of this study is that it became possible to use the forecast results from as many as 16 state-of-the-art coupled climate models. A downscaling component, with respect to observed rainfall estimates, uses a very dense Asian rain gauge network. This feature enables the forecasts of each model to be bias corrected to a common 25-km resolution. The downscaling statistics for each model, at each grid location, are developed during a training phase of the model forecasts. This is done wherever the observed rainfall estimates are available. In the “forecast phase,” the forecasts from all of the member models use the downscaling coefficients of the “training phase.” The downscaling and the extraction of the superensemble weights are done during the training phase. This makes use of the cross-validation principle. This means that the season to be forecasted is left out of the entire forecast dataset. Thus all of the statistics for downscaling and the superensemble construction are done separately for the forecasts of each season for all the years. The forecast phase is the season that is being forecast, where the aforementioned statistics are deployed for constructing the final downscaled superensemble. These forecasts are next used for the construction of a multimodel superensemble. The geographical distributions of the downscaling coefficients provide a first look at the systematic errors of the member model forecasts. This combination of multimodels, the vast rain gauge dataset, the downscaling, and the superensemble provides a major improvement for the rainfall climatology and anomalies for the forecast phase. One of the main results of this paper is on the improvement of rainfall climatology of the member models. The downscaled multimodel superensemble shows a correlation of nearly 1.0 with respect to the observed climatology. This high skill is important for addressing the rainfall anomaly forecasts, which are defined in terms of departures from the observed (rather than a model based) climatology. This first part of the paper provides a description of the member models, the length of the training and forecast phases, the sensitivity of results as the numbers of forecast models are increased, and the skills of the downscaled climatology forecasts.

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Simbolon, Mangapul Alexus. « IMMIGRATION SUPERVISION ON SEA TRANSPORTATION IN THE IMMIGRATION EXAMINATION PLACE OF TANJUNG PERAK SEA PORT ». Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Keimigrasian 4, n^o 1 (18 mai 2021) : 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.52617/jikk.v4i1.220.

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For the sake of realizing the upholding of state sovereignty and security, Indonesia must prioritize the duties and functions of Immigration in filtering people who want to enter or leave the territory of Indonesia by upholding the principle of Immigration, namely selective policy, especially for immigration officers at immigration checkpoints at airports, ports, and even at cross-border posts that must always prioritize this principle, that is, only foreigners who benefit and benefit the Indonesian state can enter Indonesian territory. Increased supervision of sea transportation means at the Tanjung Perak Seaport TPI must start from reforming the rules in carrying out immigration duties and functions by prioritizing immigration landing SOPs, regulation and availability of adequate budget preparation human resources as well as an increase in the welfare of officers in carrying out their duties both regarding the availability of equipment. transportation and accommodation outside the area. Permenkumham Number 44 of 2015 has not been implemented optimally, the old habits that have traditionally been in the landing task are still running. This mindset is clearly no longer appropriate to the current situation with rapid technological advances and is not in line with the Kemenkumhan Values, namely "PASTI".

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Al-Shehab, Ali J. « A CROSS-SECTIONAL EXAMINATION OF LEVELS OF MORAL REASONING IN A SAMPLE OF KUWAIT UNIVERSITY FACULTY MEMBERS ». Social Behavior and Personality : an international journal 30, n^o 8 (1 janvier 2002) : 813–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2002.30.8.813.

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This cross-cultural study was conducted to examine the moral reasoning of a sample of full time faculty members at Kuwait University. Eighty-six participants completed Rest's Defining Issues Test (DIT) which measures percentage of principled moral reasoning indexed as P%-score. The analysis of the results showed that the obtained P-% score was lower than the norms reported in the published research on Western subjects. Overall, the stages were not significantly related to age or discipline of the participants. Discussions of the present findings were made in line with the recent research on moral development calling for a reorientation of the psychology of morality, which has been predominantly based on the cognitive developmental paradigm for a number of decades.

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Faraji Khiavi, Farzad, Mohammad Qolipour, Davoud Afshar Farouji et Iman Mirr. « Relationship between Outpatients’ Visit Time and Physicians’ Prescription Quality in Teaching Hospitals of Ahvaz : 2015 ». Global Journal of Health Science 8, n^o 11 (1 mars 2016) : 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v8n11p83.

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BACKGROUND: Examination time is a key factor determining the relative value of clinical physicians’ examination and care quality. Whereas commitment ‎to standard prescription principles by physicians increases the likelihood of proper treatment, its effectiveness and patients’ improvement. This study aimed to determine the relationship between outpatients’ examination time and physicians prescribing quality in teaching hospitals of Ahvaz.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 550 outpatients who visited teaching hospitals of Ahvaz in 2015. The quality of the prescriptions was assessed by WHO checklist. Each prescription was scored with a score range from 0 to 21, they were divided into four equal score categories including low (0–5.25), low intermediate (5.26–10.5), high intermediate (10.5–15.75) and good (15.76–21) and using correlation and regression was analyzed.RESULTS: The total mean of examination time and commitment to prescription principles was 4.88±0.12 min and 15.92±1.14, respectively. Correlation coefficients between outpatients’ examination time and dimensions of “legibility”, “pharmaceutical form” and “medical orders”, and the total quality of prescription were significant (p˂0.005). The relationship between examination time and prescription quality confirmed with the fitting linear regression model. Increase per minute in patient’s examination by a physician, which is about 0.33 points, was added to the basic quality scores of prescription.CONCLUSION: There was a relationship between Examination time and dimensions of legibility, pharmaceutical form, and medical order. Considering commitment ‎to standard prescription principles, examination time, which was declared by the Health Sector Evolution Guideline, improve physicians’ prescription quality and quality of provided services of hospitals. Therefore, providing an internet schedule for examination will be extremely helpful in organizing physicians’ examination.

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Ståhl, Tomas. « The amoral atheist ? A cross-national examination of cultural, motivational, and cognitive antecedents of disbelief, and their implications for morality ». PLOS ONE 16, n^o 2 (24 février 2021) : e0246593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246593.

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There is a widespread cross-cultural stereotype suggesting that atheists are untrustworthy and lack a moral compass. Is there any truth to this notion? Building on theory about the cultural, (de)motivational, and cognitive antecedents of disbelief, the present research investigated whether there are reliable similarities as well as differences between believers and disbelievers in the moral values and principles they endorse. Four studies examined how religious disbelief (vs. belief) relates to endorsement of various moral values and principles in a predominately religious (vs. irreligious) country (the U.S. vs. Sweden). Two U.S. M-Turk studies (Studies 1A and 1B, N = 429) and two large cross-national studies (Studies 2–3, N = 4,193), consistently show that disbelievers (vs. believers) are less inclined to endorse moral values that serve group cohesion (the binding moral foundations). By contrast, only minor differences between believers and disbelievers were found in endorsement of other moral values (individualizing moral foundations, epistemic rationality). It is also demonstrated that presumed cultural and demotivational antecedents of disbelief (limited exposure to credibility-enhancing displays, low existential threat) are associated with disbelief. Furthermore, these factors are associated with weaker endorsement of the binding moral foundations in both countries (Study 2). Most of these findings were replicated in Study 3, and results also show that disbelievers (vs. believers) have a more consequentialist view of morality in both countries. A consequentialist view of morality was also associated with another presumed antecedent of disbelief—analytic cognitive style.

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Svensson, Göran, et Greg Wood. « A CROSS-CONTINENTAL EXAMINATION AND COMPARISON OF DESCRIPTIVE CRITERIA IN MARKETING JOURNALS – AMJ, EJM AND JM ». Revista de Negócios 12, n^o 3 (24 février 2008) : 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7867/1980-4431.2007v12n3p74-87.

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O objetivo é melhorar a investigação transcontinental e a comparação dos critérios descritivos não tradicionais numa seleção de periódicos acadêmicos de ponta na área de marketing. A amostragem de periódicos é restrita ao exame e comparação de três destes periódicos que são: Australian Marketing Journal (AMJ), European Journal of Marketing (EJM) e the Journal of Marketing (JM), nos quais predominam estudos de caráter empírico. Além disso, mostrou-se que, nos periódicos considerados, temas gerais predominam sobre edições especiais. O exame e comparação dos critérios estão baseados numa análise de contexto de 811 artigos publicados durante o período de seis anos, entre 2000-2005. Artigos que não são classificados dentro da categoria de estudos empíricos, tais como revisão geral, revisão da literatura, papers teóricos, revisão e comentários de livros são também menos publicados. Também, mostrou-se que, nestes periódicos, foram publicadas menos edições especiais ou seções especiais. A principal contribuição deste estudo reside na investigação e comparação dos critérios descritivos em periódicos de diferentes continentes, especialmente analisando critérios que não foram explorados e relatados previamente na literatura. Palavras chave: Marketing. Periódicos. Descritivo. Critério. Investigação. Comparação. Transcontinental.

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Dixon, Jonathon J., et Lucy Meehan. « Radiography and ultrasound of the equine neck ». UK-Vet Equine 5, n^o 4 (2 juillet 2021) : 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ukve.2021.5.4.142.

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Diagnostic imaging of the equine neck is undertaken for a wide variety of conditions. In many cases, radiography is the principal imaging modality, often complemented by ultrasound examination. Common conditions encountered include osteoarthritis, articular process joint osteochondral fragmentation, cervical vertebral malformation (‘wobbler’), fractures and numerous soft tissue lesions. The complex three-dimensional anatomy of the region limits interpretation of planar images and, in some cases, cross-sectional imaging (such as computed tomography) may be required. However, careful use of radiography and ultrasound can help clinicians to achieve a diagnosis in many cases, often from combining conventional and lesion-orientated projections with a thorough clinical examination.

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Hobér, Kaj, et Howard S. Sussman. « Do Not Let the Witness Explain (а chapter from the book “Cross-Examination in International Arbitration : Nine Basic Principles” (Oxford University Press, 2015)) ». International Соmmercial Arbitration Review 2018, n^o 1 (4 décembre 2018) : 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32875/icar.2018.1.66.

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Hoffman, Brian F. « Courts and Torts : The Psychiatrist Preparing for Trial ». Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 42, n^o 5 (juin 1997) : 497–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379704200506.

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Objective: To outline how a psychiatric expert can do an impartial assessment and medicolegal report and then give an effective presentation in court that can sustain cross-examination. Methods: The legal principles of litigating emotional trauma are reviewed, including proving causation, characterizing emotional suffering, assessing disability, and determining a realistic prognosis. Results: Psychiatrists must understand the interplay of legal and psychiatric principles when they are asked to assess litigants who are suing for monetary compensation for a widening range of emotional injuries resulting from motor vehicle accidents, slips and falls, incest and sexual abuse of children, discrimination, unlawful dismissal, malpractice, human-made disasters, product liability, and intentional torts, to name a few. Conclusion: The psychiatrist can prepare his or her attitude, knowledge, and skills to give a presentation in court that will be credible, trustworthy, and dynamic. With adequate preparation, the psychiatric expert can bring an informed psychiatric perspective to the court that will have a significant impact on the outcome of the judicial deliberations.

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Chen Cravens, Xiu. « The cross-cultural validity of the Learning-Centered Leadership framework and its assessment instrument for principals ». Journal of Educational Administration 52, n^o 1 (28 janvier 2014) : 2–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jea-09-2012-0102.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to select a theoretical framework for effective school leadership that is connected with research, standards and current practices in the USA, and examine its validity and generalizability cross-culturally. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses both qualitative and quantitative methods through expert panel evaluation, cognitive interviews, and field testing of the instrument. The author asks: How well does the Learning-Centered Leadership (LCL) framework align with the professional standards and current practices of principals in urban Chinese schools in the opinion of the experts? Is there evidence that its leadership assessment instrument has construct validity in Chinese urban schools based on the re-examination of its content and measurement criteria? And is there evidence that the instrument is yielding consistent results when taken by the intended participants? How effective are the analytic strategies employed by this study in detecting the equivalences and discrepancies in how educational leadership is defined and evaluated, between two vastly different educational systems? Findings – The paper finds evidences that give support to the claim that there is strong cross-cultural alignment on the overarching goal of improving student learning. However, the US framework and assessment will need to be modified to reflect the Chinese reform priorities that emphasize the balance between academic and social learning. Originality/value – The belief that there are common elements in contemporary international educational policy has brought growing interest in sharing leadership theories and successful models cross-culturally. This paper addresses the challenges in understanding the complexity of cross-cultural translation of theories and applications, and explores viable solutions to meaningful adaptation.

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Revilla, Elena, et Desirée Knoppen. « Building knowledge integration in buyer-supplier relationships ». International Journal of Operations & ; Production Management 35, n^o 10 (5 octobre 2015) : 1408–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-01-2014-0030.

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Purpose – There are two major objectives in the research. First, the authors investigate the impact of knowledge integration in terms of joint decision-making and joint sense-making, on relational performance, including operational efficiency and innovation. Second, the authors examine the key antecedents that might facilitate knowledge integration: strategic supply management and trust. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This paper expands and tests theory drawing upon survey data from 133 buyer-supplier relationships (BSRs). The authors employed a two-step process of analysis to evaluate first the measurement model and then the structural model. The measurement model test built upon confirmatory factor analysis, while the structural model quality test built upon path analysis. Findings – The results suggest that both integrative mechanisms, joint decision making and joint sense making, affect performance although in different ways. This study also finds that while trust has multiple significant influences and consequently must be viewed as an organizing principle, strategic supply management is required to jointly understand the dynamic and complex context but not to jointly make ongoing decisions. Research limitations/implications – Three limitations: first, this study was cross-sectional rather than longitudinal. Second, in line with accepted practice, the authors surveyed only one side of the relationship. The suppliers’ viewpoint is thus not fully taken into account. Third, another potential limitation of the study is that the sample stems from just one country and its size does not distinguish subgroups in the analysis of the path model. Practical implications – Managers should be advised that: first, a trusting partnership built on knowledge integration is a hard order, especially with a new, unknown supplier in a low-cost country, where intellectual property protection is less obvious; second, strategic supply management may not improve cost or operational performance, but in its absence, it is unlikely that a supplier has insight into the exact needs of its buyer and thus, may not add considerable value to their customers; third, building a dynamic knowledge integration capability (valuable, rare, and difficult to imitate) takes time, as does creating reliable learning mechanisms. Joint teams, visit partners’ workplace, early involve suppliers in developing new products or selection of supplier with high-learning capabilities may help to create a knowledge integration capability. Social implications – The authors suggest that companies should move from an arm-length relationship and turn their supplier relationships into a tool for innovating faster while cutting cost. In order to do this, joint sense-making and joint decision should be seen as institutionalized inter-firm routines rather than ad hoc activities. Thus, the authors recommend managers to proactively build certain knowledge-based capabilities that hinges heavily upon a strategic stance toward supply management and trustful relationships with selected suppliers. Originality/value – The major intent of this research is to expand understanding of knowledge integration by building a more testable, complex model around its creation. While previous research relied on a configuration approach to explore the relationship between knowledge integration and performance, the authors evaluate causal relationships at the level of the formative dimensions rather than higher order knowledge integration, as this has proven to be a superior analytical method. Second, although supply chain scholars have expressed great interest in trust, an in-depth examination of prior studies in knowledge integration indicate that trust has been analyzed alone. In contrast, the study empirically examines the simultaneous effect of trust and strategic supply management in BSRs.

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Sultana, Maria, Muhammad Imran et Muhammad Amjad Saleem. « Impact of WACC in Elucidation of Cross Sectional Stock Returns by Stylized Portfolios : Pragmatic Evidence from Pakistan Stock Exchange ». Global Management Sciences Review IV, n^o I (30 décembre 2019) : 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gmsr.2019(iv-i).04.

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The fundamental structure of the present theory of asset pricing underscored clarifying the path as to how the systematic risk is estimated and how investors are adapted to behavior for such risk. The mixed expense of debt and equity that an association should procure to raise funds for its assignments impacts its stock returns through investment choices and is an additional significant segment of business valuation work on the grounds that for putting resources into more risky resources, investors request better yields or higher returns, for legitimizing better yields this risk premium emerging from such risks is included in the returns. Hence, in clarifying portfolio returns, the three-factor model is increased with WACC to analyze its logical force that if WACC is estimated by the market or not through multivariate regressions. Two principle results are deduced by the examination; first; the findings attest to the presence of market premium, size impact, value impact, WACC premium in the equity market of Pakistan. Second, however generally exciting with exceptional interest, when contrasted with FF unique 3-factor model, the models which join WACC outperformed, which also affirmed from Adj.R2 results.

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Lautenschläger, Thea, Markus Rüggeberg, Niclas Noack, Katharina Bunk, Monizi Mawunu, Thomas Speck et Christoph Neinhuis. « Functional principles of baobab fruit pedicels – anatomy and biomechanics ». Annals of Botany 126, n^o 7 (18 août 2020) : 1215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaa149.

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Abstract Background and Aims Fruit pedicels have to deal with increasing loads after pollination due to continuous growth of the fruits. Thus, they represent interesting tissues from a mechanical as well as a developmental point of view. However, only a few studies exist on fruit pedicels. In this study, we unravel the anatomy and structural–mechanical relationships of the pedicel of Adansonia digitata, reaching up to 90 cm in length. Methods Morphological and anatomical analyses included examination of stained cross-sections from various positions along the stalk as well as X-ray microtomography and scanning electron microscopy. For mechanical testing, fibre bundles derived from the mature pedicels were examined via tension tests. For establishing the structural–mechanical relationships, the density of the fibre bundles as well as their cellulose microfibril distribution and chemical composition were analysed. Key Results While in the peduncle the vascular tissue and the fibres are arranged in a concentric ring-like way, this organization shifts to the polystelic structure of separate fibre bundles in the pedicel. The polystelic pedicel possesses five vascular strands that consist of strong bast fibre bundles. The fibre bundles have a Young’s modulus of up to 5 GPa, a tensile strength of up to 400 MPa, a high density (>1 g cm−3) and a high microfibril angle of around 20°. Conclusions The structural arrangement as well as the combination of high density and high microfibril angle of the bast fibre bundles are probably optimized for bearing considerable strain in torsion and bending while at the same time allowing for carrying high-tension loads.

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