Articles de revues : « Cropping financial analysis »

1

Nadeak, Nurpine, Rommy Qurniati et Wahyu Hidayat. « Analisis Finansial Pola Tanam Agroforestri Di Desa Pesawaran Indah Kecamatan Padang Cermin Kabupaten Pesawaran Provinsi Lampung ». Jurnal Sylva Lestari 1, n^o 1 (2 avril 2014) : 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl1165-74.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Agroforestry in Indonesian language simply means as planting trees on agricultural land.Land’s management with sustainable agroforestry systems expected to be able improve field productivity. It has needed to do financial analysis for agroforestry cropping patterns. It based on some of dominant plant species in agroforestry cropping patterns.This study conducted in the Pesawaran Indah Village of Padang Cermin Subdistrict on Pesawaran District in March-May 2012. The study aims to determine a profitable agroforestry cropping patterns based on financial analysis. Sampling used by purposive sampling technique. Financial analysis of agroforestry cropping pattern used the NPV, BCR and IRR with feasibility age of 20 years and an interest rate of 12%.The results showed that there are 9 agroforestry cropping patterns applied. Analysis showed that agroforestry cropping patterns is financially viable to be applied. Among 9 cropping pattern, pattern VI which is combination of Cocoa, Coconut and Banana has the highest profit with NPV is Rp 71.392.802,34,-, BCR of 7,39 and an IRR of 96%.Key words : agroforestry, financial analysis, pattern

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

2

Ishag, Kheiry Hassan M., et Muthir Saleh Said Al Al Rawahy. « Risk and Economic Analysis of Greenhouse Cucumber and Tomato Cropping Systems in Oman ». Sustainable Agriculture Research 7, n^o 4 (22 septembre 2018) : 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v7n4p115.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The agriculture investment decision affected by risk of capital and operation cost, yield and sale price of planted crops. This study examined risk of investment in green-house cucumber and tomato production and optimum mix of crop pattern at Al Batinah, Al Sharqiya Regions of Oman. The net present value with Monte Carlo simulation models are used to test risk efficiency and project viability. The result indicated that investment in two green-houses and growing one tomato crop and two cucumber crops (Tom1Cuc2) per year is more profitable and risk aversion. Stochastic Efficiency with Respect to a Function (SERF) performed and confirmed that (Tom1Cuc2) is the most risk efficient cropping system and got a positive NPV with 62% probability followed by growing tomato crop in two seasons with a positive NPV with probability of 58%. The study concluded tomato and cucumber producers are faced with different production and financial situations and their risk preferences play an important role in determining their production decisions. Risk premium analysis shows that greenhouse tomato growers need to be paid up to RO 2 847 to keep growing tomato instead of (Tom1Cuc2) cropping system. Greenhouse cucumber growers can sacrifices of RO 5 373 to justify not to switch from planting cucumber to grow (Tom1Cuc2) cropping system. Government subsidy should be given to farmers to construct new greenhouses to maximize their resource use efficiency, benefit from extended cropping season, protect their crops from adverse environmental conditions and increase food security.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

3

STEFANOPOULOU, Evangelia, Ioannis ROUSSIS, Konstantinos TSIMPOUKAS, Stella KARIDOGIANNI, Ioanna KAKABOUKI, Antigolena FOLINA et Dimitrios BILALIS. « A Comparative Techno-Economic Analysis of Organic and Conventional Nigella sativa L. Crop Production in Greece ». Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture 77, n^o 1 (3 juin 2020) : 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:2019.0018.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Nigella sativa L. is considered to be an alternative crop offering innovative and high-quality products. A case study was implemented on an existing farm to determine the prospects of N. sativa production in Greece and to assess the economic outcomes of the cultivation of this crop under organic and conventional cropping systems. The total production cost of organic N. sativa seeds was 6.09 €/kg, while the cost of conventional seeds was 4.77 €/kg. The organic and conventional N. sativa seed selling prices were 17.04 and 12.01 €/kg, respectively. Moreover, the financial performance of farm is better after the introduction of N. sativa crop under organic cropping system, where the net profit increased by 63.8% compared to the initial profit of the farm, while the increase in the conventional was less at 49.2%. N

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

4

French, RJ. « Changes in Cropping Systems at the Boundaries of the Pastoral and Cropping Zones in Southern Australia. » Rangeland Journal 15, n^o 1 (1993) : 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9930117.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

A history of cropping at the margins between arable and pastoral lands is examined. Assessment is made of the climatic factors that caused the abandonment of cropping. These criteria are then used to assess the likelihood that future cropping will persist along the present pastoral margins in different states of Australia. A minimum requirement is that the ratio of water use to evaporation in the growing season should exceed 0.3. An analysis of past climatic data should also be made to identify sequences of years when rainfall was both above and below average. Periods of above-average rainfall can lead to undue optimism for future cropping. Simple climatic models are required so that farmers can use them to predict the rainfall in the growing season and thereby make appropriate management decisions. Farming is a complex technical and financial business and farmers will need skills in monitoring, measuring and recording factors that influence their livelihood.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

5

Akhtar, Waqar, Muhammad Zubair Anwar, Sajida Taj, Ghulam Sadiq Afridi, Gomathy Palanappian et Muhammad Zahid Ullah Khan. « Economic Evaluation of Tomato Sole and Tomato Onion Intercropping Systems of Smallholders in District Muzaffargarh, Pakistan ». Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences : B. Life and Environmental Sciences 58, n^o 2 (9 décembre 2021) : 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.53560/ppasb(58-2)640.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The objective of this research was to conduct an economic evaluation of smallholders’ practices i.e tomatoonion intercropping (toi) and tomato sole cropping (ts). Primary farmer’s field-level data was used in the study. Resource use efficiency and financial profitability indicators were calculated for comparison of two tomato cultivation systems. A financial model based on a modified Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) approach was used as a method of research. The result indicates that 53 percent respondent adopts the tomato-onion intercropping system and remaining 47 percent respondents follows sole tomato system. Tomato-onion intercropping gave higher private profitability (US$. 1556/acre) with a benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of 2.35 compared to sole tomato with private profitability of US$.913 per acre with BCR 1.88. A higher BCR was found in tomato-onion intercropping than in the sole tomato cropping system. Tomato onion intercropping (toi) has more resource use efficiency with less Private Cost Ratio (PCR) value 0.30 as compared to tomato sole with PCR value 0.38. In conclusion, the tomato-onion intercropping system resulted in higher net income may be a viable option for smallholders to mitigate the economic risk of sole tomato cultivation. The result proved that the sole tomato cropping system is also economically viable however tomato-onion intercropping proved promising practice to minimize the economic risk of sole tomato crop. The findings have implicates that tomato-onion intercropping has the potential to increase the livelihoods of the smallholders in the study area.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

6

Mburu, John, Jan Börner, Bettina Hedden-Dunkhorst, Arisbe Mendoza-Escalante et Klaus Frohberg. « Feasibility of mulching technology as an alternative to slash-and-burn farming in eastern Amazon : A cost–benefit analysis ». Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 22, n^o 2 (juin 2007) : 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170507001639.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

AbstractThis paper addresses the question as to whether it is profitable to apply a mechanical mulching technology (MT) in the Bragantina region of Brazil and assesses the technology's feasibility as an alternative to the slash-and-burn practices of the Amazon. Using empirical data collected from a prototype assessment and a few secondary sources, the paper employs a cost–benefit analysis of ‘with’ and ‘without’ technology cropping systems (plots that applied the technology are compared with those that did not) to assess the financial and economic feasibility of investing in the MT. The analysis showed that the technology is profitable, both financially and socially, mainly because it is able to produce yields that are high enough to offset the costs, including the hiring of the mulching equipment. However, it may not be a feasible alternative to slash-and-burn farming unless certain conditions are fulfilled by farmers. Most of these conditions relate to farmers' adherence to a set of rules for the successful application of the technology. These rules include the abandonment of a single cropping cycle, typical for the traditional slash-and-burn system, and the adoption of two cycles of crop cultivation. In addition, farmers have to choose profitable crop combinations, such as cassava and beans for both cycles. Since most of the trial farmers did not meet these conditions, the technology received a notably low acceptability (8%). Further analysis indicated that the main reason for this trend was the increase of total labor requirement (by 32%), though the technology reduced labor demand during land preparation to almost zero. Similarly, there was a 22% increase in requirement for inorganic fertilizers. Thus, compared with the slash-and-burn practices of the Amazon, the MT can be regarded as a more intensive method of farming which gives higher crop yields but demands higher quantities of inputs such as labor and inorganic fertilizers. The paper concludes by deriving policy implications for the feasibility of the MT as an alternative to slash-and-burn agriculture in the Amazon. Among these is the importance of creating incentives to extend the cropping period from one to two consecutive cycles. Moreover, the necessity to conduct further studies after the technology has been adopted by the farmers is underscored.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

7

Miklyaev, Mikhail, Glenn Jenkins et David Shobowale. « Sustainability of Agricultural Crop Policies in Rwanda : An Integrated Cost–Benefit Analysis ». Sustainability 13, n^o 1 (23 décembre 2020) : 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010048.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Rwanda has aimed to achieve food self-sufficiency but faces binding land and budgetary constraints. A set of government policies have been in force for 20 years that have controlled the major cropping decisions of farmers. A cost–benefit analysis methodology is employed to evaluate the financial and resource flow statements of the key stakeholders. The object of the analysis is to determine the sustainability of the prevailing agricultural policies from the perspectives of the farmers, the economy, and the government budget. A total of seven crops were evaluated. In all provinces, one or more of the crops were either not sustainable from the financial perspective of the farmers or are economically inefficient in the use of Rwanda’s scarce resources. The annual fiscal cost to the government of supporting the sector is substantial but overall viewed to be sustainable. A major refocusing is needed of agricultural policies, away from a monocropping strategy to one that allows the farmers to adapt to local circumstances. A more market-oriented approach is needed if the government wishes to achieve its economic development goal of having a sustainable agricultural sector that supports the policy goal of achieving food self-sufficiency.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

8

Li, Guangdi D., Rajinder P. Singh, John P. Brennan et Keith R. Helyar. « A financial analysis of lime application in a long-term agronomic experiment on the south-western slopes of New South Wales ». Crop and Pasture Science 61, n^o 1 (2010) : 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp09103.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Management of Acid Soils Through Efficient Rotations (MASTER) is a long-term agronomic experiment commenced in 1992. There were 3 fundamental treatment contrasts in this experiment: (a) annual systems v. perennial systems; (b) limed v. unlimed treatments; and (c) permanent pastures v. pasture–crop rotations. The soil was acidic to depth with pH (in CaCl2) below 4.5 and exchangeable Al above 40% at 0.10–0.20 m when the experiment started. Lime was applied every 6 years to maintain soil pHCa at 5.5 in the 0–0.10 m soil depth. A financial analysis was undertaken to estimate potential benefits and costs involved in liming acid soils on the south-western slopes of New South Wales, based on data from the MASTER experiment. The most important finding from the current study is that liming pastures on soils that have a subsurface acidity problem is profitable over the long-term for productive livestock enterprises. The pay-back period for liming pastures, grazed by Merino wethers, was 14 years for both annual and perennial pastures. More profitable livestock enterprises, such as prime lambs or growing-out steers, were estimated to reduce the pay-back period. This gives farmers confidence to invest in a long-term liming program to manage highly acid soils in the traditional permanent pasture region of the high-rainfall zone (550–800 mm) of south-eastern Australia. Results from the current study also confirmed that the total financial return from liming is greater if the land is suitable for operation of a pasture–crop rotation system. The positive cash flows generated from cropping in a relatively short time can significantly shorten the pay-back period for the investment in lime. But cropping without liming on soils with subsurface acidity was worse than grazing animals. Crop choice is crucial for the perennial pasture–crop rotation. Inclusion of high-value cash crops, such as canola or a wheat variety with high protein, would lead to a rise in the aggregate benefits over time as the soil fertility improved and soil acidity was gradually ameliorated.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

9

De Boni, Annalisa, Antonia D’Amico, Claudio Acciani et Rocco Roma. « Crop Diversification and Resilience of Drought-Resistant Species in Semi-Arid Areas : An Economic and Environmental Analysis ». Sustainability 14, n^o 15 (3 août 2022) : 9552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159552.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Specialization and intensification in agriculture have increased productivity but have also led to the spread of monocultural systems, simplifying production but reducing genetic diversity. The purpose of this study was to propose crop diversification as a tool to increase biodiversity and achieve sustainable and resilient intensive agriculture, particularly in areas with water scarcity. In this paper, a combined life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC) applied to evaluate the environmental and economic sustainability of a differentiated system of cultivation were (pomegranates, almonds and olives), according to modern intensive and super-intensive cropping systems. Based on the results obtained, it is deduced that pomegranate cultivation generated the highest environmental load, followed by almonds and olives. From the financial analysis, it emerged that almond farming is the most profitable, followed by pomegranate and olive farming.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

10

Patton, DA, et JD Mullen. « An Analysis of the Private Returns From Three Land Development Options in the Southern Mallee of Nsw. » Rangeland Journal 21, n^o 2 (1999) : 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9990244.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

In early 1993, the DLWC initiated a project to develop regional planning strategies for clearing and cultivation activities in the Southern Mallee and Northern Floodplain areas of the Western Division of NSW. Concentrating on the Southern Mallee region, a benefit-cost analysis of current clearing and cultivation proposals and their impact on the financial viability of the individual landholder has been conducted. While the development proposals all had the potential to return much higher levels of expected net income to farmers than the existing extensive grazing strategy, market and climatic uncertainty meant that the probability of the extensive grazing activity returning more than cropping was as high as 50% for some proposals. This means that farmers have to weigh up higher incomes on average from cropping against the more certain income from grazing. Clearly, this is a personal choice with the more risk averse decision makers favouring the extensive grazing option. However, we found that for levels of risk aversion that research suggests typifies Australian farmers, the development proposals were dominant over the extensive grazing option except where there was a higher proportion of land devoted to conservation at a discount rate of 12%. No attempt has been made in the present study to evaluate the public benefits and costs, in the form of changes in environmental resources, associated with such development proposals Key words: Western Division, conservation, clearing and cultivation, stochastic dominance, economics.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

11

KARIDOGIANNI, Stella, Ioannis ROUSSIS, Konstantinos TSIMPOUKAS, Panayiota PAPASTYLIANOU et Dimitrios BILALIS. « Comparative Technical and Economic Analysis of Organic and Conventional Soybean Production in Greece ». Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture 76, n^o 1 (12 juin 2019) : 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:2019.0005.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Soybean is considered to be an alternative crop and its cultivation could offer an innovative and high-quality product. A case study was implemented on an existing farm to examine the prospects of soybean production in Greece and to evaluate the economic outcomes of the crop cultivation under organic and conventional cropping system. The economic analysis showed that the cost of conventional soybean production was 0.37 €/kg, while the cost of organic soybeans was 0.50 €/kg. The organic and conventional soybean selling prices were 0.6 and 0.4 €/kg, respectively. In addition, the financial performance of the farm improved after the introduction of organic soybean crop, where the net profit increased by 26.3% compared to the initial profit of the farm, while the increase in the conventional was less at 10%. Soybean is a relatively new crop in Greece with high net profit, especially under organic cultivation mainly due to lower inflow of external imports.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

12

Lark, R. M., I. S. Ligowe, C. Thierfelder, N. Magwero, W. Namaona, K. Njira, I. Sandram, J. G. Chimungu et P. C. Nalivata. « Longitudinal analysis of a long-term conservation agriculture experiment in Malawi and lessons for future experimental design ». Experimental Agriculture 56, n^o 4 (13 juillet 2020) : 506–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479720000125.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

AbstractResilient cropping systems are required to achieve food security in the presence of climate change, and so several long-term conservation agriculture (CA) trials have been established in southern Africa – one of them at the Chitedze Agriculture Research Station in Malawi in 2007. The present study focused on a longitudinal analysis of 10 years of data from the trial to better understand the joint effects of variations between the seasons and particular contrasts among treatments on yield of maize. Of further interest was the variability of treatment responses in time and space and the implications for design of future trials with adequate statistical power. The analysis shows treatment differences of the mean effect which vary according to cropping season. There was a strong treatment effect between rotational treatments and other treatments and a weak effect between intercropping and monocropping. There was no evidence for an overall advantage of systems where residues are retained (in combination with direct seeding or planting basins) over conventional management with respect to maize yield. A season effect was evident although the strong benefit of rotation in El Niño season was also reduced, highlighting the strong interaction between treatment and climatic conditions. The power analysis shows that treatment effects of practically significant magnitude may be unlikely to be detected with just four replicates, as at Chitedze, under either a simple randomised control trial or a factorial experiment. Given logistical and financial constraints, it is important to design trials with fewer treatments but more replicates to gain enough statistical power and to pay attention to the selection of treatments to given an informative outcome.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

13

Gandhi, Prima, Wawan Oktariza, Muhammad Kahfi et Annisa Rizky. « ANALISIS KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN PRODUSEN STROBERI SELAMA PANDEMI COVID 19 DI MAGELANG JAWA TENGAH ». Journal of Management Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) 15, n^o 2 (18 mai 2022) : 225–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35508/jom.v15i2.6723.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Horticultural agribusiness such as fruits has local and international market share. Besides that, Fruit agribusiness supports the eighth Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). One of the fruits that have become a commodity for agribusiness in Indonesia is the strawberry. Magelang Regency is a regency in Indonesia that produces strawberries. SOGA Farm Indonesia (SFI) located in Ngablak District is a strawberry producer that fulfills the demand for strawberries in Magelang Regency. To meet the demand for strawberries to income, SFI regulates the cropping pattern with a single row plant system to produce grade A strawberries and processes strawberries of below standard quality into strawberry jam. To determine financial feasibility, it is done by calculating the Net Present Value (NPV), Gross B/C, Net B/C, Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Payback Period. The financial analysis results of these two businesses are feasible to increase SFI's income during the Covid 19 pandemic. Keywords: Income, Productivity, SDGs, Jam, Single Row Plant

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

14

Borges Júnior, João C. F., Paulo A. Ferreira, Camilo L. T. Andrade et Bettina Hedden-Dunkhorst. « Computational modeling for irrigated agriculture planning. Part II : risk analysis ». Engenharia Agrícola 28, n^o 3 (septembre 2008) : 483–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69162008000300009.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Techniques of evaluation of risks coming from inherent uncertainties to the agricultural activity should accompany planning studies. The risk analysis should be carried out by risk simulation using techniques as the Monte Carlo method. This study was carried out to develop a computer program so-called P-RISCO for the application of risky simulations on linear programming models, to apply to a case study, as well to test the results comparatively to the @RISK program. In the risk analysis it was observed that the average of the output variable total net present value, U, was considerably lower than the maximum U value obtained from the linear programming model. It was also verified that the enterprise will be front to expressive risk of shortage of water in the month of April, what doesn't happen for the cropping pattern obtained by the minimization of the irrigation requirement in the months of April in the four years. The scenario analysis indicated that the sale price of the passion fruit crop exercises expressive influence on the financial performance of the enterprise. In the comparative analysis it was verified the equivalence of P-RISCO and @RISK programs in the execution of the risk simulation for the considered scenario.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

15

Armour, RJ, et MF Viljoen. « An economic case for drainage for sustainable irrigation : Case studies in the lower Vaal and Riet catchments ». South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 10, n^o 4 (22 mai 2014) : 470–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v10i4.1060.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Where evaporation exceeds precipitation salinisation is inevitable. This paper presents a multidisciplinary framework of the dynamic interactions between the hydrology, bio-physical and economics of irrigated agriculture in a semi arid area. Status quo drainage and cropping situations are compared to a scenario of increased drainage and leaching and subsequent higher value crops. Stochastically generated hydrology data fitted to a salinisation:yield production function is inputted in a crop enterprise budget (CEB) simulation model.Results show losses due to salinisation of up to R6 962/ha, which exceed the direct costs of installing drainage to control salinisation. Although feasible, farmers at this stage of degradation often do not have the financial ability to repay the loans. Where losses do not exceed the financial costs of drainage, soils are further degrading, higher value crops cannot be planted and potential benefits are lost to society, motivating a green box grant. A macro-economic analysis reveals that the potential benefits to society of drainage can repay the total cost of all necessary drainage in a short period of time.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

16

Zająkała, Monika, et Izabela Wielewska. « ANALYSIS OF THE PROFITABILITY OF GROWING HERBS AND THE MOST COMMONLY CULTIVATED AGRICULTURAL CROP SPECIES ». Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Agricultura 19, n^o 2 (25 avril 2020) : 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37660/aspagr.2020.19.2.2.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Background. The aim of this study was to determine the profitability index of herbs (evening primrose, glandular plantain, black caraway, garden dill) and to compare it with the index of dominant species in the cropping system in Poland.Material and methods. Economic analyzes were carried out based on accounting books made available by the owners of two farms located in the Koronowo Gmina (community) of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship and on data provided by the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Agricultural Advisory Centre. The calculations concern the years 2017–2019 and took into account production value, the amount of gross margin, net agricultural income and profitability index.Results. The calculations carried out confirmed the hypothesis that in most cases growing herbs in the field is more profitable than it is for other plant species. The analysis showed that glandular plantain and garden dill had the highest profitability indices. Herbs from which lower financial results were obtained still enabled an income similar to that from sugar beet, pea or winter oilseed rape. The most profitable among the other species was table potato. A farmer's decision regarding the choice of plants for cultivation on a farm should depend on the possibility of selling the produced raw materials on local markets and on their base of machinery and equipment. The study has shown that growing plants from groups that occupy the largest acreage in the cropping structure is characterized by the need to incur very high overheads.Conclusion. Some selected herbs are characterized by a large profitability index that is even several times higher when compared to commonly cultivated agricultural crop species. While other analyzed herb species allow for an income that is at a similar level compared to crops that occupy the largest acreage in Poland. The selection of herbs for cultivation is an economic opportunity, especially for farms with a small area. Their cultivation enables larger agricultural incomes due to their relatively low overhead costs compared to other species. Herb cultivation, however, is a very specific branch of agriculture that requires more human labour.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

17

Khandoker, S., MA Monayem Miah, MA Rashid, M. Khatun et ND Kundu. « Comparative profitability analysis of shifting land from field crops to mango cultivation in selected areas of Bangladesh ». Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 42, n^o 1 (29 mars 2017) : 137–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v42i1.31986.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Mango has emerged as an important area for diversification and as an alternative cropping pattern due to higher returns and productivity. The study was conducted in three mango growing districts, namely Chapai Nawabganj, Natore, and Rajshahi during 2014-2015 to estimate the financial benefit of shifting cereal lands to mango production, factors influencing shifting decision, and explore related problems of mango cultivation in the study areas. A total of 180 farmers taking 60 farmers from each district were selected through using multistage stratified random sampling for the study. About 49% lands were shifted to mango cultivation from cereal crops which was higher in Chapai Nawabganj (55%) followed by Natore (48%) district. The main reason of this shifting was reported to be higher profit compared to other crops. The average total cost of mango cultivation was Tk. 1, 33,889 per hectare. Higher cost was observed in the 16th-20th year of garden (Tk. 1, 52,010) followed by 11th -15th year (Tk. 1, 48,952). The average yield of mango was found to be the highest in 16th 20th year (26.48 ton/ha) followed by 11-16th year (19.38 ton/ha). Per hectare net return from mango cultivation was Tk. 1, 75,244. Total cost of mango cultivation was 10% higher than Boro-Fallow-T.Aman cultivation. On the other hand, total cost was about 40% lower than Wheat- Jute- T.Aman, Wheat-Aus-T.Aman and Potato-Fallow-T.Aman. The net return from mango cultivation was 75% higher than other cropping patterns. The shifting of cereal lands to mango cultivation was found to be a profitable since the BCR (2.89), net present value (Tk. 33, 71,166) and internal rate of return (39%) were very high. Relative income, farm size and education turned out to be positively significant, whereas age was negatively significant for shifting decision from cereal crops to mango cultivation. Therefore, Farmers should be motivated to cultivate mango in the fallow lands or areas where other crops are not grown well.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(1): 137-158, March 2017

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

18

Florek, Joanna. « POTENTIAL UTILIZATION OF LEGUMES IN FEED PRODUCTION IN POLAND ». Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XIX, n^o 4 (10 octobre 2017) : 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5162.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The aim of the article was to display current production state of vernacular legumes and potentiality of using it as the source of protein in animal feed. In attaining this objective the GUS statistical materials and IERiGŻ-PIB reports were employed. Furthermore, the comparative account profitability of domestic production was conducted. The analysis encompassed years between 2003 and 2016. Additionally, empirical research was conducted, involving homesteads located across the country and occupying themselves with producing leguminous crops. The study revealed that to increase interest in manufacturing seeds of legumes and thereby its supply on the fodder market, essential is to take measures leading to an effortless sale. Aforementioned aspect, in addition to financial gain – is the prime factor taken into account during making the decision regarding crop production. Agricultural producents, being aware of immense difficulty with which selling legumes seeds is associated, at the time of plantations consider it a previous cropping for other crops and consequently ploughing plantation before crop establishment.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

19

Dyrdahl-Young, Ruhiyyih, Emilie Cole, Marisol Quintanilla Tornel, Richard Weldon et Peter DiGennaro. « Economic assessment of nematode biological control agents in a potato production model ». Nematology 22, n^o 7 (24 juillet 2020) : 771–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685411-00003339.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Summary Nematode parasitism is a yield limiting factor in many cropping systems, including potato production, which can translate into substantial economic losses. These impacted financial returns are simply calculated by subtracting the cost of production from total revenue (yield times the price per yield of potatoes). The production costs can include, but are not limited to, chemical and biological control agents. To assess economic returns associated with different nematode management strategies, we evaluated complete cost estimations for a representative commercial potato farm in central Michigan, USA. Economic returns were calculated using stochastic parameters for two biological control agents (MeloCon and Majestene), six chemical controls (Mocap, Movento, Nimitz, Velum and Vydate), and two soil amendments (poultry and dairy manure). Evaluated costs included stochastic estimations for price per unit weight of potatoes, fuel, labour and production land rent. Yield data from three field trials were used to create empirical distributions. Using yield data and stochastic cost estimations, we generated 500 simulations of net returns per treatment. The top three average returns were obtained from the use of Mocap, Nimitz and poultry manure. Velum, Movento, dairy manure and Vydate also gave returns significantly higher than no treatment at all; however, the biological nematicide, Majestene, showed negative returns. This simple financial model is a crucial layer of analysis on the performance of nematicides that can be adapted to advise growers through Agricultural Extension activities and needs to include the evaluation of biological control agents.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

20

Muridin. « ANALISIS USAHA DAN PROSPEK BUDIDAYA JAHE GAJAH (Zingiber officinale) DI DESA KEMU KECAMATAN PULAU BERINGIN, KABUPATEN OKU SELATAN ». Jurnal Bakti Agribisnis 5, n^o 01 (1 avril 2019) : 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.53488/jba.v5i01.72.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Business Analysis and Prospect of Plant Cultivation Elephant Ginger (Zingiber officinale R) in Desa Beringin Island Kemu District of South OKU District. The purpose of this study was to calculate the amount of income and financial feasibility of farming ginger in Desa Beringin Island Kemu District of South OKU District. The choice of location is done intentionally (purposive) conducted in October 2015. Sampling was done by using purposive sampling method on 20 samples of 100 population who undertake the cultivation of ginger in the village Kemu with the criteria of the respondents had sought cultivation of ginger> 5 years and wide land> M².Hasil 1000 study showed that the total cost of production dikelu arkan in the cultivation of ginger in one cropping cycle (9 months) in 2015 amounted to Rp 14,834,059, total receipts amounted to Rp 39.222188 so that the total income received amounted Rp 24,388,128. NPV is Rp 19,211,923, IRR amounted to 54.54% and the Net B / C was 1.9 indicating that the cultivation of ginger in Desa Beringin Island Kemu District of South OKU District feasible (feasible) to be developed so it has good prospects in the future to be developed.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

21

Atmadja, I. Made Dwita, Komang Krisna Heryanda et Ni Made Dwi Ariani Mayasari. « How The Balanced Scorecard Has Impacted Farmers' Productivity In Bantang Kedis Kintamani ». Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi Undiksha 14, n^o 2 (18 décembre 2022) : 204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jjpe.v14i2.54216.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of the balanced scorecard on the performance of farmers' cropping patterns in the hamlet of Bantang Kedis Kintamani. This is a quantitative study conducted using SPSS version 18.0. Multiple linear regression analysis was utilized to analyze the data in this study. According to the findings of this study, there is a substantial level of financial perspective of 0.000, a significant level of customer perspective of 0.039, and a large level of internal business process perspective of 0.031. The significant level of learning and progress is 0.021. All of the balanced scorecard variables have a lower significance threshold = 0.05, indicating that the hypothesis is accepted, and the R square value in the research model is 0.474, with a coefficient of determination of 47.4%. The independent variable appears to have a 47.4% ability to explain the variance of the variable. This study demonstrates the effect of the balanced scorecard on the performance of farmers' planting patterns in the hamlet of Bentang Kedis Kintamani, proving that the balanced scorecard can be used in agriculture and that it is not limited to manufacturing company.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

22

MaCKAY, D. C., et J. M. CAREFOOT. « POTASSIUM STATUS OF IRRIGATED BROWN CHERNOZEMIC SOILS OF SOUTHERN ALBERTA ». Canadian Journal of Soil Science 67, n^o 4 (1 novembre 1987) : 877–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss87-084.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

A series of 10 field experiments conducted over a 4-yr period (1973–1976) on three of the most important Brown Chernozemic soils in the irrigated area of southern Alberta gave no significant yield responses to applied K (at rates of 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha −1 in 1973 and 0, 127, 254 and 508 kg ha−1 in the other years), using potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) as the test crop. The experiments included several cultivars, a variety of growing conditions, and diverse cropping histories. In addition, the K concentration of uppermost mature leaf blades obtained at the 10%-bloom stage were only slightly affected by K treatments, except in 1 yr (1975). The increased K uptake in 1975 was related to greater precipitation before irrigation was applied (66, 99 and 94 mm, respectively) during April, May and June in comparison with the long-term average of 32, 54 and 76 mm. The effects of early-season soil moisture stress were partially confirmed in a controlled environment (CE) experiment in which maintenance of soil water potentials between −30 and −20 kPa throughout the season caused greater uptake of added K in comparison with soil moisture stress in the 0–15 cm zone prior to the 10%-bloom stage. Yields of tubers were depressed with the stressed treatment, but there was no yield response to added K. Leaf analyses from the field experiments indicate that the critical K level of 43 g kg−1, which was established earlier for the Russet Burbank cultivar growing on Podzol soils is too high for irrigated Chernozemic soils, and that 30 g kg−1 would be a more valid tentative value. In a second CE experiment, designed to quantify the fate of applied K during intensive cropping, no yield responses to K applications were obtained with alfalfa on a coarse-textured Cavendish sandy loam during a 2-yr period. With no applied K, crop uptake reduced exchangeable K levels throughout the entire profile (66 cm) by about 20%. Thirty percent of the K removed by the crop originated from nonexchangeable soil K. With the highest K rate (450 kg ha−1 applied twice), 50% could be attributed to plant uptake, 15% to increased exchangeable K, and 35% to fixation in the nonexchangeable form. It is concluded that response to applied K on irrigated Brown and Dark Brown Chernozemic soils of southern Alberta is unlikely, even with intensive cropping, for some time in the future. A practical strategy for producers could be to apply moderate rates of K as a conservation measure when economic conditions are favorable and to rely on soil reserves in times of financial pressures. Key words: K-release, K-fixation, leaf analysis, fertilizer K requirements, soil water stress, K deficiency

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

23

Landicho, Leila Dimayuga, Josefina T. Dizon, Agnes C. Rola, Maria Ana T. Quinbo et Rowena DT Baconguis. « Can Agroforestry Farmers Attain Sustainability ? Case of Farmers in Selected Upland Farming Communities in the Philippines ». International Journal of Agriculture System 5, n^o 2 (26 décembre 2017) : 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/ijas.v5i2.1295.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

This article is based on the study which investigated the socioeconomic and biophysical conditions of the upland farming communities in the Philippines; identified the development pathways that were undertaken by the upland farmers; and determined level of sustainability of the upland farming communities on the basis of their development pathways. This article argues that agroforestry farmers in upland farming communities in the Philippines can attain sustainability. This argument is based on the study conducted in the three pilot upland communities of the Conservation Farming Villages program in Albay, Ifugao and Negros Oriental, Philippines. From seven focus group discussions (FGDs) with at least 12 participants per FGD for a total of 147 farmers, and farm household survey of 230 upland farmers, research results indicate that agroforestry farmers in the three study sites were smallholders and were cultivating in areas with marginal conditions. There were five development pathways identified. These are monocropping in contour, multiple cropping in contour, agroforestry, agroforestry with non-farm activities, and multiple cropping/monocropping without contour. With the community capitals framework as the theoretical foundation, analysis indicated that the five development pathways contributed to a high level of social, human and political capitals having mean scores of 0.73, 0.55 and 0.54, respectively; a moderate level of physical, financial and natural capital, with mean scores of 0.23, 0.20 and 0.23, respectively; and a very low level of cultural capital with mean score of -0.08. At the community level, on the other hand, research results revealed that the CFV sites in Ligao, Albay and La Libertad, Negros Oriental have almost similar contributions to the sustainability of the upland farming communities, while Alfonso Lista, Ifugao had the lowest. Thus, institutional arrangements with the farmers’ association and the local government units also played a key role in the sustainability of the upland farming communities. These results imply the need for a holistic and collaborative engagement towards attaining sustainable upland farming communities.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

24

Gibson, W. R. « Using soil and plant analyses in decisions about fertilisers : a farmer’s perspective ». Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 38, n^o 7 (1998) : 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea97127.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Summary. This paper describes the part played by soil and plant analysis in decisions about fertilisers used on a mixed pastoral and cropping farm at Scone, in the Northern Midlands of Tasmania. Measurements of phosphorus and potassium concentrations in soils provide an essential framework for choosing fertilisers for crops and pastures. Use of lime with certain crops is determined by pH measurements. Neither soil nor plant analysis are used in choosing nitrogenous fertilisers. Fifteen paddocks were tested 7–8 years after initial soil tests (Colwell extracts). Phosphorus concentrations (mean ± s.e.) had risen by 13 ± 5 µg/g (P<0.05) and potassium by 89 ± 19 µg/g (P<0.001). In addition, the relationship between changes in these concentrations and the total phosphorus or potassium applied to individual paddocks was examined. Phosphorus concentration rose (P<0.001) by 5.9 µg/g for each 10 kg/ha additional phosphorus applied over the 7–8 years. Application of phosphorus at 7 kg/ha annually was enough to maintain soil phosphorus levels. No such relationship was detected for potassium. Application of lime at 4 t/ha raised the pH by about 1 unit. These results provide some reassurance about the behaviour of soils on Scone in response to the practices used in commercial mixed farming. The importance for the farmer of analyses being reliable is stressed, as is the need for well-based interpretation of the analytical results in order that the yield responses to fertilisers can be foreseen. Evidence about the financial returns produced by the increased yields is often lacking, especially for grazing enterprises.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

25

Hanaa Tharwat, Mohamed Ibrahim, Maxwell Modiba Maimela, Igor Dekemati, Barbara Simon, Muktar Mohammed et Lisanwork Negatu. « The Role of Mixed Cropping to Climate Change in Sofi District, Harari Regional State, Ethiopia ». Journal of Central European Green Innovation 10, Suppl 3 (15 décembre 2022) : 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33038/jcegi.3564.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Az éghajlatváltozás negatív hatásai intenzíven sújtják az afrikai mezőgazdasági ágazatot. Az olyan országok számára, mint Etiópia, amelyek megélhetése elsősorban a csapadékra támaszkodó önellátó mezőgazdaságon alapul, nagyon fontos, hogy alkalmazkodjanak a változó helyzethez. Ezért az éghajlatváltozás negatív hatásainak mérsékléséhez elengedhetetlen a kontextus-specifikus alkalmazkodási stratégiák kidolgozása. A tanulmány célja az volt, hogy azonosítsa azokat a mezőgazdasági gyakorlatokat, amelyek maximalizálják a termelést és kímélik a természeti erőforrásokat. A vizsgálati körzet, a falvak és a reprezentatív válaszadók kiválasztása során háromlépcsős mintavételi eljárást követtek. Ennek megfelelően egy közigazgatási egységet (kebele) és 60 háztartásfőt választottunk ki célzott mintavétellel, illetve szisztematikus véletlenszerű mintavétellel. A talajadatokon és a másodlagos adatokon kívül szerkezetinterjú ütemtervet dolgoztunk ki, előzetesen teszteltük és felhasználtuk a kvantitatív adatok gyűjtésére. A talajelemzés eredménye azt mutatta, hogy az ökológiai mezőgazdaság hozzájárul a talaj kémiai tulajdonságainak javításához, vagyis a vegyes gazdálkodási gyakorlat a talaj pH-értéke, nitrogénje, szervesanyag-tartalma, szerves szén- és elérhető foszfortartalma szignifikánsan eltér a monokultúrás gazdálkodási rendszertől. The negative impact of climate change has been striking the agricultural sector in Africa. For countries like Ethiopia, whose livelihood occupation of the nation is mainly based on subsistence agriculture that highly rely on rainfall, making an adjustment to adapt to the changing situation is very crucial. Therefore, designing contextual specific adaptation strategies are essential to moderate the negative effect of climate change. The aim of the study was to identify the agricultural practices and conserve natural resources. Three stages sampling procedure was followed in selecting the study district, villages and representative respondents. Accordingly, one kebele and 60 household heads were selected using purposive sampling and systematic random sampling, respectively. In addition to the soil data and secondary data, structure interview schedule was developed, pre-tested and used for collecting quantitative data. The soil analysis result showed that organic agriculture contributed for the improvement of soil chemical property that is the mixed cropping farming practice was significantly different in soil pH, nitrogen, organic matter, organic carbon and available phosphorous than in mono cropping farming system. The descriptive result showed that all the farmers (100%) of the sample respondent participated in land preparation and 98.3% of them participated in manure application and also 98.3% of the sample respondents in participated weeding practices. 98.3% of the sample respondents were participated in harvesting activities. 93.3% of the sample respondents were participated in the fertilizer application activities. 68.3% of the sample respondents were participated in irrigation activities. 13.3% sample respondents were participated in seed treatment activates. To adopt organic agriculture practices whereby financial institutions and other agricultural funders should extend credit or support to agricultural activities with farming practices and technologies that promote organic agriculture. This study has shown that organic agriculture can contribute to better soil health and therefore better crop yields thereby strengthening the adaptation efforts of smallholder farmers. It is therefore recommended that smallholder farmers in Sofi district practice organic agriculture farming practices for adaptation efforts.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

26

Castle, William S., James C. Baldwin et Ronald P. Muraro. « Rootstocks and the Performance and Economic Returns of ‘Hamlin’ Sweet Orange Trees ». HortScience 45, n^o 6 (juin 2010) : 875–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.45.6.875.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

‘Hamlin’ is a principal sweet orange grown in Florida for processing. It is productive but produces juice with low soluble solids content and poor color. A long-term trial was conducted in central Florida to determine rootstock effects on yield and juice quality and the effect of economic analysis on the interpretation of the horticultural results. The trees were a commonly used commercial selection of ‘Hamlin’ sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.] propagated on 19 rootstocks planted in a randomized complete block design of three-tree plots with six replicates in a Spodosol soil at a density of 350 trees/ha. Routine horticultural data were collected from the original trial (H1) for 10 years. Trees on some rootstocks that grew and yielded poorly were removed within a few years and replaced with a second trial (H2) with 13 rootstocks from which data were collected for 5 years. The H1 data were financially analyzed to compare the relative usefulness of horticultural and economic data in interpreting results and making rootstock decisions. In H1 after 10 years, tree height ranged from greater than 5 m [Volkamer lemon (C. volkameriana Ten. & Pasq.)] and Cleopatra mandarin (C. reshni Hort. ex Tan.) to 2.4 m {Flying Dragon trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. ]}. In H2, the trees on somatic hybrid rootstocks were ≈2 m tall after 8 years and 4.4 m among those on mandarins and C-32 citrange (C. sinensis × P. trifoliata). Tree losses from citrus blight were generally low except for the trees on Carrizo and Troyer citranges (greater than 50%). Horticulturally, the highest performing trees in H1, measured by cumulative yield and soluble solids production over 10 years, were those on Carrizo, Troyer, and Benton citranges; poor performers were those on Smooth Flat Seville and Kinkoji (putative sour orange hybrids). Fruit yield and soluble solids production were directly related to tree height regardless of the difference among rootstocks in juice quality. The same relationship existed among the trees in H2 in which the best rootstocks were C-32 and Morton citranges. Trees on Swingle citrumelo (C. paradisi Macf. × P. trifoliata) ranked no. 12 of 19 rootstocks and 9 of 13 rootstocks in H1 and H2, respectively. Financial interpretation of the outcomes to include tree replacement resulting from blight losses did not substantially change the horticultural interpretations. Additional financial analyses demonstrated that the performance of trees on rootstocks with relatively low productivity/tree, like those on C-35 citrange and Kinkoji, would equal those on more vigorous rootstocks when tree vigor was properly matched with spacing. Yield determined the economic outcomes and financial analysis aided the interpretation of rootstock horticultural effects but did not greatly alter the relationship among rootstock results. Highly significant correlations between annual and cumulative data indicated that relative rootstock performance among ‘Hamlin’ orange trees in Florida could be reliably determined based on the first 4 cropping years.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

27

Asbullah, Ma'ruf, Triana Dewi Hapsari et Sudarko Sudarko. « ANALISIS RISIKO PENDAPATAN PADA USAHATANI PADI ORGANIK DI DESA LOMBOK KULON KECAMATAN WONOSARI KABUPATEN BONDOWOSO ». JSEP (Journal of Social and Agricultural Economics) 10, n^o 2 (12 octobre 2017) : 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jsep.v10i2.4552.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Organic farming has become one of risky farming systems, because its yield could be lower than anorganic farming. Moreover, low yield can lead to a suffer in financial loss on organic farming. This might be caused by the changing in input usage when farmers changed their farming system from anorganic to organic farming. The research was aimed to determine : 1) income’s risk of organic farming by different cropping seasons. 2)income’s risk of organic farming based on its harvested area. The research was designed as descriptive and analytical research. The sampling farmers were selected by using proportioned stratified random sampling, Structural interview and documentational techniques were employed to gain informations about income’s risk in organic farming. Coefficient Variances was employed as primary analytical tool in this research. The result showed that : (1) risk in organic farming can be higher as long as it was applied by farmers. This result was concluded based on Coefficient Variance in farmer’s group both in Mandiri I which has 45,54% and Mandiri IB which has 41,34%. (2) according to Coeffient Variance Analysis, risk in organic farming can be lower if farmers have few harversted area. The Coeffient Variance for each categories in harvested area were : narrow harvested area (47,53%); medium harvested area (34,61%) and large harvested area (24,45%). Keywords: Organic Rice, Income, Risk

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

28

Soboka, Berhanu, et Effa Waltaji. « Demonstration and participatory evaluation of Improved Finger Millet Technology in selected Districts of East Wallaga and Buno Badalle Zones ». Journal of Extension Systems 37, n^o 1 (2021) : 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/jes.2021.37108.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The study was conducted in selected districts of western Oromia, during the 2020 cropping season with the objective to demonstrate a recently released finger millet variety to the farmers in the study areas. A new variety (Kumsa) was planted along with a standard check (Bako-09) on 100 m2 adjacent plots, adhering to all agronomic recommendations. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected and analyzed for this study. At maturity, participatory variety evaluation was done using qualitative and quantitative traits/criteria set by the farmers to select the best variety for future use. Disease resistance/ tolerance, grain yield performance, tillering capacity, number of fingers per head and seed colour were the first five most important criteria considered by the farmers in their order of importance. The new variety was ranked first on the basis these criteria and was selected as the first option for future use by the farmers. An independent sample t-test was used to analyze quantitative data, while qualitative data were qualitatively analyzed and described. The mean grain yield performance of the varieties (qt ha-1) was 27.45±1.10 for Kumsa and 22.82±1.3 for Bako-09, respectively which is statistically significant (p<0.01). The new variety, accordingly exhibited a yield advantage of 20.29% over the standard check. The technology gap and technology index, respectively for Kumsa (4.55 qt, 14.22%) compared to that of Bako-09(6.98 qt, 23.42%) reveal more stability and feasibility of the new variety to the farmers. The financial analysis reveals also that the net gain (36612.8 ETB ha-1) was higher for Kumsa than for Bako-09(28.122.5 ETB ha-1) witnessing more profitability of the new variety. The new variety, has consequently, met the farmers demand both in terms of qualitative and quantitative traits including financial benefits than the standard check. This calls for wider dissemination of the variety with its full package to the farmers in the study area and with similar agro-ecological

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

29

Soboka, Berhanu, et Efa waltaji. « Availing Technological Options for Small holder Farmers : The case of Improved Finger millet Variety Demonstration in selected Districts of East Wallaga and Buno Badalle Zones ». Journal of extension systems 37, n^o 1 (2021) : 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/jes.2021.37105.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The study was conducted in selected districts of western Oromia, during the 2020 main cropping season. The objective of the study was to demonstrate a recently released finger millet variety to the farmers in the study areas. A new variety (Kumsa) was planted along with a standard check (Bako-09) on 100 m2 adjacent plots, adhering to all agronomic recommendations. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected and analyzed. At maturity, participatory variety evaluation was done using qualitative and quantitative traits/criteria set by the farmers to select the best variety for future use. Disease resistance/ tolerance, grain yield performance, tillering capacity, number of fingers per head and seed colour were the first five most important criteria considered by the farmers in their order of importance. The new variety was ranked first on the basis these criteria and was selected as the first option for future use by the farmers. An independent sample t-test was used to analyze quantitative data. The mean grain yield performance of the varieties (qt ha-1) was 27.45±1.10 for Kumsa and 22.82±1.3 for Bako-09, respectively which is statistically significant (p<0.01). The new variety, accordingly exhibited a yield advantage of 20.29% over the standard check. The technology gap and technology index, respectively for Kumsa (4.55 qt, 14.22%) compared to that of Bako-09(6.98 qt, 23.42%) reveal more stability and feasibility of the new variety to the farmers. The financial analysis also revealed that the net gain (36612.8 ETB ha-1) was higher for Kumsa than for Bako-09(28.122.5 ETB ha-1) witnessing more profitability of the new variety. The new variety, has consequently, met the farmers demand both in terms of qualitative and quantitative traits including financial benefits than the standard check. This calls for wider dissemination of the variety with its full package to the farmers in the study area and with similar agro-ecological

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

30

Codron, J. M., E. Montaigne et S. Rousset. « Quality management and contractual incompleteness : grape procurement for high-end wines in Argentina ». Journal on Chain and Network Science 13, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2013) : 11–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jcns2013.x218.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Sourcing grapes from independent growers for use in top quality wines sold on the international market is a major organisational challenge for corporate wineries. Our paper adds to the small collection of existing literature addressing these coordination issues in the New World wine sector, by going deeper into the specifics of the contracts. Based on a case-study carried out in the Argentine province of Mendoza, this article presents an in-depth analysis of the technical process, in order to identify the contractual hazards posed by asset specificity, measurement costs, and non-contractible actions. Expanding Transaction Cost Economics to include contract completion and plural governance literature, this paper analyses the contractual and non-contractual mechanisms (price incentives, grower monitoring, allocation of decision rights to the winery, role of backward integration) used to govern such grape transactions. Through our analysis, we were able to arrive at four main conclusions. Firstly, most agreements are still verbal, with the exception of occasional written contracts, whose scope only encompasses minor legal points. It became clear to us that formal, rigid agreements are not always adequate in managing the inherently complex interactions between grape varieties, soil, farming practices and winemaking processes in high-end wine production. Secondly, extensive decision rights are allocated to wineries, to deal with incompleteness. These are key decisions to be taken during the cropping and harvesting process. Thirdly, pricing is generally kept flexible, with grape prices negotiated ex-post. This means that trade imbalances tend to be resolved in the long term. Winegrowers also benefit from financial rewards to compensate for the allocation of authority. Finally, any potential opportunistic behaviour by wineries with regard to asset specificity (in particular yield limitation) and allocation of rights is kept at bay by mechanisms such as winery reputations and credit third-party guarantee. This type of opportunistic behaviour by growers is similarly deterred through monitoring and vineyard ownership on the part of the wineries.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

31

Berhanu, Soboka, et Gacheno Dubiso. « Using farmers evaluation criteria as an essential constituent of variety popularization : The case of improved finger millet variety demonstration in selected districts of East Wallaga Zone ». International Journal of Agricultural Science and Food Technology 8, n^o 2 (3 mai 2022) : 083–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/2455-815x.000149.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The study was conducted in the Boneya Boshe, Wayu Tuqa, and Diga districts of western Oromia, during the 2020 main cropping season. The objective of the study was to demonstrate a recently released finger millet variety to the farmers in the study areas. A new variety (Bako-09) was planted along with standard checks (Gute and Gudetu) on 100 m2 adjacent plots, adhering to breeder recommendations. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected and analyzed for this study. At maturity, participatory variety evaluation was done using qualitative and quantitative traits/criteria set by the farmers to select the best variety for future use. Disease resistance/ tolerance, grain yield performance, tillering capacity, number of fingers per head, and seed color were the first five most important criteria considered by the farmers in their order of importance. The new variety was ranked first based on these criteria and was selected as the first option for future use by the farmers. An independent sample t-test was used to analyze quantitative data, while qualitative data were qualitatively analyzed and described. The mean grain yield performance of the varieties (qt ha-1) was 24.73±1.05, 20.23±0.73 and18.36±0.34 for Bako-09, Gute, and Gudetu, respectively which is statistically significant (p<0.01). The new variety, accordingly exhibited a yield advantage of 22.24% and 34.7%, respectively over Gute and Gudetu varieties. The technology gap and technology index for Bako-09 were 5.07 qt and 17.01%, respectively while the values were 14.77 qt and 42.2%; 4.4 qt and 20.17% for Gute and Gudetu, respectively, witnessing more stability and feasibility of the new variety to the farmers. The result of financial analysis also reveals that a net gain of 31755.83 ETB, 24073.33 ETB, and 20672.5 ETB were accrued from Bako-09, Gute and Gudetu varieties, respectively, evidencing more profitability of the new variety compared to the checks. The new variety, has consequently, met the farmer’s demand both in terms of qualitative and quantitative traits including financial benefits than the standard checks. This calls for wider dissemination of the variety with its full package to the farmers in the study area and with similar agro-ecological conditions.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

32

Amin, Md Hafiz All, Babul Kumar Das, Most Mottakina Akter, Panu Thainiramit, Warangkana Jutidamrongphan, Kua-anan Techato et Tachaya Sangkakool. « Economic feasibility of potato production influenced by intra-row plant spacing under mango-based agroforestry system ». JANUARY 2021, n^o 15(01):2021 (2 janvier 2021) : 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.01.2602.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

For ensuring the food security and maximum use of land, the potato production under a mango-based agroforestry system is an effective production approach. The purpose of this study was to assess the yield potential and the economic benefits of potato production under a mango-based agroforestry system. The potato tubers were planted in a 10-year-old mango orchard and open field condition. The experiment was laid out following a split plot design with three (3) replications. Potato production system under mango orchard and open field were arranged in main plots T0 = potato sole cropping (control) and T1 = potato under mango-based agroforestry system. On the other hand, potato intra-row plant spacing were in sub-plots S0 = 60 × 20 cm2, S1 = 60 × 25 cm2 and S2 = 60 × 30 cm2. The data of yield characters of potatoes were investigated. The cost of production, gross & net return and benefit-cost ratio was calculated for economic analysis. The results show that the closest (60 x 20 cm2) intra-row plant spacing produced the highest yield while the economic returns from potatoes grown under the mango-based agroforestry system were higher than those derived from cropped grown as a sole crop or potatoes cultivation alone (gross returns US$3508/ha, net returns US$1642/ha). Further, the benefit-cost ratio from the combined cultivation of potatoes and mangos was 2.14, which was 20 % higher than growing potatoes as a sole crop. Thus, the cultivation of potatoes under a mango-based agroforestry system offers a significant financial benefit to farmers while ensuring the sustainable use of vacant space in mango orchards

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

33

Shongwe, Phindile, Micah B. Masuku et Absalom M. Manyatsi. « Factors Influencing the Choice of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies by Households : A Case of Mpolonjeni Area Development Programme (ADP) in Swaziland ». Journal of Agricultural Studies 2, n^o 1 (12 février 2014) : 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v2i1.4890.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The increased involvement of food relief agencies nearly on an annual basis is a clear indication that agricultural production continues to decline as a result of climate change. In order to mitigate the negative effect of climate change, households engage on adaptation strategies. The extent to which these impacts are felt depends mostly on the level of adaptation in response to climate change. The main objectives of the study were to identify the adaptation strategies employed by households and to analyse factors influencing the choice of adaptation strategies by households using personal interviews. The study used data from a random sample of 350 households. Descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression model were used to analyse the data. The results showed that adaptation strategies employed were; drought tolerant varieties, switching crops, irrigation, crop rotation, mulching, minimum tillage, early planting, late planting and intercropping. The results showed that the choice of adaptation strategies by households was significantly (p <0.05) influenced by; age of household head, occupation of household head, being a member of a social group, land category, access to credit, access to extension services and training, high incidences of crop pest and disease, high input prices, high food prices, perceptions of households towards climate change. Moreover, the analysis showed that perceptions of households towards climate change significantly influence all adaptation strategies. However, sex and education level of the household head were insignificant in influencing household choice when adapting to climate change. It is recommended that there is need to educate households about the negative impact of climate change on cropping systems. The study also recommends that agriculture extension services should be strengthened, agriculture financial institutions should accommodate subsistence farmers on communal land and rural micro-finance institutions should be developed, in order to facilitate farmers to choose effective adaptation strategies.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

34

Otu I, Ettah,, Udumo, Bassey O.,, Abanyam, Victor A., et Bullem Francis A.,. « Resource use in sweet potato production in delta state, nigeria : a technical efficiency approach ». Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences 21, n^o 1 (25 août 2022) : 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjass.v21i1.1.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Sweet potato is one of the major staple crops in Nigeria and most parts Africa sub-region. Its importance continues to rise due to increased urbanization. This increase definitely come with its share of challenges that need to be addressed. The study was conducted within the framework of the rural farming households who constitute the backbone of the Nigerian agricultural sector, producing about 80 per cent of the total national agricultural output. It examined resource use in sweet potato production in Delta state, Nigeria. The specific objectives are to determine the technical efficiency of sweet potato farmers, assess the factors determining the technical efficiency of potato farmers and to determine the technical efficiency distribution of sweet potato farmers. Multi-stage random sampling technique was adopted to select 120 respondents and stochastic frontier production function employed to realize the objectives. Result of analysis showed that the least technically efficient farmers have to increase their level of production given their inputs and technology to at least 68 % for them to operate at the production frontier while the most technically efficient farmers have to increase their production to at least by 4% for them to operate on the production frontier and be fully efficient with a mean technical efficiency of 0.71. The estimates of the parameters of the production function (sweet potato seeds, labour, fertilizers and agrochemical) were positive and significant at 5% and 1% levels respectively, while capital input was positive and not significant. Factors affecting technical inefficiency of sweet potato farmers among others included: age of farmers and farm size which were negative and significant, while household size, educational qualification, type of cropping and farming experience were all positive and significant. The following recommendations were proffered: sweet potato farmers should have access to improved sweet potato varieties, modern storage technologies, markets and extension services. Adequate financial assistance and credit facilities should also be made available to the sweet potato farmers to enable them expand their crop output.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

35

McGrath, S. R., R. Behrendt, M. A. Friend et A. D. Moore. « Utilising dual-purpose crops effectively to increase profit and manage risk in meat production systems ». Animal Production Science 61, n^o 11 (2021) : 1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an20495.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Dual-purpose cropping (sowing crops with the intention of both grazing them during vegetative growth and harvesting grain thereafter) has become a widespread farming practice in southern Australia. This synopsis paper integrates research from a multi-institutional research project conducted at three nodes located near Hamilton (south-western Victoria), Wagga Wagga (southern NSW) and Canberra (ACT), and sets out 11 principles for the effective utilisation of dual-purpose crops in meat production systems to increase profit and manage risk. Dual-purpose crops can be used to overcome feed quality gaps in late summer–autumn or feed quantity gaps in late autumn/winter. They provide large quantities of high-quality forages for grazing in summer, autumn and winter and can provide a substantial contribution to the annual number of grazing days on a farm. Utilisation of the high-quality dry matter provided by dual-purpose crops is most effective when directed at young growing stock for sale or future reproduction rather than reproducing adult ewes. For example, sale weight of yearlings per ewe was increased by 16% in systems at the Canberra node when dual-purpose crops were prioritised for grazing by weaners. Wool production was also increased in systems that included grazing of dual-purpose crops. Grazing crops in winter does not necessarily reduce supplementary feeding costs for winter or spring lambing. Modelling suggests that inclusion of dual-purpose crops does not substantially change the optimum time of lambing for sheep meat systems. Financial analysis of the experimental data from the Canberra node showed that although cash expenses per hectare were increased in the crop-grazing systems, the overall profitability of those systems over the life of the experiment was greater by AU$207/ha.year than that of the pasture-only system. Factors driving improved profitability included income from grain, higher income from meat and wool, and lower supplementary feeding costs. However, increasing the area sown to crop from 10% to 30% of the farm area in this Southern Tablelands system appeared to increase risk. In south-western Victoria, spring-sown canola carried risk similar to or less than other options assessed to achieve ewe-lamb mating weight. It is likely that at least part of the reduction in risk occurs through the diversification in income from the canola produced as part of the system. It was concluded that the grazing of cereal and canola crops for livestock production can be profitable and assist in managing risk.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

36

Nath, Swami, et Ranveer Singh. « A study of the practices and processes and benefit sharing of limestone mining in the Banour-Shiva Mining Region in Himachal Pradesh, India ». Environmental & ; Socio-economic Studies 8, n^o 1 (1 mars 2020) : 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/environ-2020-0005.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

AbstractMining is essentially an important income generating activity in the developing countries of the world. This is beneficial for their social and economic development and thus developing countries place a great dependence on their exploitation of mineral resources. The focal points for discussion in this article are the process of limestone mining, growth trends in limestone production, allocation of royalties, benefit sharing between limestone miners and local communities. The article undertakes an income-expenditure analysis of limestone contractors and transporters and considers local environmental issues including land degradation, rehabilitation, and compensation problems connected with the mining process. This study has been carried out in the Banor-Shiva limestone mining region which is located in the Sirmaur District of Himachal Pradesh State in India. The study calculated compound annual growth rates and benefit sharing between the miners and local people, and made a calculation of transport costs based on the mining rules in force and the actual practice prevailing in the region. The overall compound annual growth rates for limestone production are 16.2%, 1.6 % and 3.9% and for royalties are 14.1%, 8.5%, and 7.8 5 respectively for the State, District, and Banor-Shiva mining region over the study period. However, these growth rates have continuously decelerated and even found to be negative between the periods following the National Mineral Policies Act of 1993 and 2008. There is a sizeable divergence between the benefits from limestone mining shared between the indigenous communities and limestone miners highlighting the poor land acquisition practices in the study area. The financial benefits awarded by the miners in 2016-17 to the local communities are 1.22% whereas miners have appropriated the lion’s share with 81.37% of total limestone value. The revenue to the Government is 4.30% of market value of limestone. The transportation of limestone from quarry sites to the point of final sale is the largest cost factor in limestone miners’ expenditure which is 10% of the total market value of limestone. Adverse impacts of limestone mining operations in the vicinity such as public health problems, change in land use and cropping patterns, water pollution, lack of rehabilitation of the abandoned mines and unjust division of limestone receipts are the main contentious issues in the study area which are affecting the production and process of limestone mining. These have been reflected in the declining growth rates in production and royalties accrued from limestone produce.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

37

Saefudin, Dibyo Pranowo et Dewi Listyati. « PENGGUNAAN DUA MODEL POLATANAM PADI (Oryza sativa) DAN KACANG TANAH (Arachis hipogea) DENGAN DASAR KELAPA DI KABUPATEN SUKABUMI - JAWA BARAT ». Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 8, n^o 4 (15 juillet 2020) : 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v8n4.2002.132-139.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Produktivitas lahan, tanaman dan pendapatan pctani pekebun kelapa pada umumnya rendah. Salah satu usaha untuk mengatasinya adalah dengan menanam berbagai jenis tanaman sela di antara kelapa atau disebut polatanam campuran. Untuk mengetahui penggunaan dua model pola¬ tanam padi dan kacang tanah di antara kelapa yang lebih produktif dan menguntungkan telah dilakukan penelitian di Desa Caringinnunggal, Kecamatan Ciracap, Kabupaten Sukabumi, Propinsi Jawa Barat dengan jenis tanah podsolik merah kuning, tipe iklim Cl (Oldeman), dan kctinggian tempat 250 m dpi. Penelitian dilaksanakan secara on farm dengan menggunakan mctode observasi dimulai dai bulan Juni 1999 sampai dengan Maret 2000. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah dua model polatanam yaitu : (1) padi dan kacang tanah (75% : 25%); (2) padi dan kacang tanah (50% 50%) dengan dasar kelapa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan dua model polatanam (padi + kacang tanah) campuran berpengaruh positif terhadap tanaman pokok kelapa, khususnya pada karaktcr jumlah daun, jumlah bunga betina, setting buah dan produksi nira. Produktivitas tanaman sela padi pada dua model yang diuji sangat rendah. Produktivitas padi pada model satu adalah 798 kg dan model dua 496 kg gabah kenngpanen atau masing-masing setara dengan 1 064 kg dan 992.0 kg gabah keing panen/ha petanaman kelapa. Produktivitas tanaman sela kacang tanah pada dua model yang diuji cukup tinggi. Produktivitas kacang tanah pada model satu adalah 670 kg dan model dua I 220 kg polong basah atau masing-masing setara dengan 2 680 kg dan 2 440 kg polong basah/ha petanaman kelapa. Hasil. analisis finansial menunjukkan, bahwa model polatanam satu memberikan keuntungan Rp. 904 300/ha/th, B/C ratio 1.12 dan LKM 0.0495, sedang model dua membei keuntungan Rp. 1 367 800/ha/th, B/C ratio 1.17 dan LKM 0.0333.Kata kunci: Cocos nucifera, Oryza saliva, Arachis hipogea, polatanam campuran, Sukabumi ABSTRACT Two model of rice (Oryza sativa> and peanut (Arachis hipogea) cropping system on coconut land in Sukabumi Regency -West JavaThe productivity of coconut smallholder's income, in general, is still low. One of the solutions to overcome this problem is to introduce some intercrops in the coconut land. This study was conducted in Cainginnunggal Village, Ciracap, Sukabumi Regency, West Java Province, rom June 1999 to March 2000. The soil is red yellow podsolic, the climate is C (Oldeman), the altitude is 250 m above sea level. This research used on-farm method with two models, namely (1) ice and peanut 75%: The results of the research showed that the intercropping of rice and peanut on coconut land had good effect on coconut as the main crop, particularly on the coconut leaf number, female lower number, ruit setting, and toddy production. The productivity of ice as the intercrop was very low. On the first model was 798 kg and on the second model was 496 kg harvest dry seed or eqivalent to 1.046 kg and 992 kg harvest dry seed/ha of coconut land. The productivity of peanut as Ihe intercrop was better. On the first model was 670 kg and on the second model was I 220 kg resh pods/ha of coconut land. The results of the financial analysis indicated that the first model gave profit Rp. 904 300/ha/year, B/C ratio 1. 12 and minimum farm size is 0.0495; while me second model gave Rp. 1 367 800/ha/year, B/C ratio 1.17 and minimum farm size 0.0333.Key words : Cocos nucifera, Oryza sativa, Arachis hipogea, coconut cropping pattern, Sukabumi

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

38

Alieksieiev, Oleksii. « MECHANISM OF SOIL REPRODUCTION AND PRESERVATION IN THE SYSTEM OF ORGANIC FARMING ». Agriculture and Forestry, n^o 3 (30 octobre 2020) : 184–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2020-3-16.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The problem of monitoring the condition of soils in Ukraine is not given due attention. This applies to the scientific field, where due to insufficient funding, full-fledged research is not conducted on the distribution, causes and ways to eliminate degradation. The same applies to the legislature and the executive, where no effective control measures have been developed. In general, the society does not create an atmosphere of maximum assistance for the preservation of soil cover as an indispensable national heritage. The media and educational institutions are indifferent to this problem. That is why these issues need immediate solution, namely, the development of an effective mechanism for reproduction and conservation of soils, taking into account the organic system of agriculture, which in recent years has attracted considerable interest not only scientists but also practitioners. The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence of the system of organic farming in terms of ensuring balanced land use. The materials of the article are based on the study of the positive impact of organic agriculture on the reproduction and preservation of soils. The research methodology was based on a systematic approach and a dialectical method of understanding the organic principles of land use in agricultural production, taking into account retrospective analysis, monographic method, methods of synthesis and analysis. The essence of the system of organic farming from the point of view of ensuring balanced land use is revealed. The dynamics of land distribution in Ukraine by land for 2010-2017, which is characterized by an extremely high rate of agricultural development, which is significantly exceeds the ecologically reasonable limits are shown as well as the distribution of soil areas of Ukraine by humus content. The most important resource for soil humus reproduction remains organic fertilizers, plant residues, by-products, green manures, etc., the application of which has a positive effect on the agrochemical, physical and water-air properties of soils. The structure of mineral and organic fertilizers application in 1990-2018 is given. The main problems of agricultural land use are highlighted. Under modern conditions of agricultural production and existing land use systems, it is impossible to achieve even a simple reproduction of soil fertility without significant improvement of mechanisms for controlling their use by the state, and also the introduction of more effective, mostly economic, mechanisms to support soil protection measures. International experience shows that new information technologies, in addition to traditional research methods, will provide effective control of land use and soil protection at different spatial levels, from the state to a specific field. The mechanism of preservation and reproduction of soil fertility in the system of organic agriculture is proposed for use by agricultural commodity producers, which includes a set of measures aimed at restoring stocks of organic substances and improving agrophysical properties of soil. No less important is the state support in solving problematic issues, it is recommended to supplement the developed mechanism with such components as: legal, scientific and technical, economic, financial, scientific and educational supports. Organic agriculture through balanced land use increases the reliability and sustainability of modern agricultural systems. All the proposed methods and techniques of organic farming improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, namely: - increase nutrient reserves; - improve absorption capacity, moisture capacity and moisture permeability; - enriched with microflora; - improve the biological activity and physical state of the soil. Key words: organic cropping, soil, plowlands, structure of sown areas, reproduction and preservation of soils, organic agriculture.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

39

Mohapatra, Geetilaxmi, Meera George et Suchitra Pandey. « Vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in Rajasthan ». Ekonomski anali 67, n^o 234 (2022) : 109–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka2234109m.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Climate change is a globally challenging phenomenon that is particularly distressing for the agricultural sector, as agricultural products and productivity depend on the climate. This study analyses agricultural households? perception of climate change and the adaption strategies undertaken to mitigate it. A purposive random sampling technique is used to collect primary data from a survey conducted in the arid and semi-arid regions of Rajasthan, India. The study employs logistic regression to identify the determinants of the perception of climate change and adaptation strategies, while a livelihood vulnerability index is constructed to indicate households? degree of vulnerability, focusing especially on adaptive capacity. Out of the total sample of 600 households analysed, 534 perceive a long-term change in the climate. Farmers? adaptation strategies include crop diversification, mixed cropping, crop rotation, and farm ponds. The major factors affecting adaptation are the educational status of the household head, farming experience, type of financial support, agricultural training, land size, access to agricultural institutions, distance between the household and farmland, and storage. The livelihood vulnerability index shows that most of the households are moderately vulnerable. The study recommends an efficient weather forecasting system and effective government policies to improve credit availability, financial support, and agricultural mechanization.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

40

Long, Yuqiao, Wenbin Wu, Joost Wellens, Gilles Colinet et Jeroen Meersmans. « An In-Depth Assessment of the Drivers Changing China’s Crop Production Using an LMDI Decomposition Approach ». Remote Sensing 14, n^o 24 (19 décembre 2022) : 6399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14246399.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Over the last decades, growing crop production across China has had far-reaching consequences for both the environment and human welfare. One of the emerging questions is “how to meet the growing food demand in China?” In essence, the consensus is that the best way forward would be to increase crop yield rather than further extend the current cropland area. However, assessing progress in crop production is challenging as it is driven by multiple factors. To date, there are no studies to determine how multiple factors affect the crop production increase, considering both intensive farming (using yield and multiple cropping index) and large-scale farming (using mean parcel size and number of parcels). Using the Logarithmic-Mean-Divisia-Index (LMDI) decomposition method combined with statistical data and land cover data (GlobeLand30), we assess the contribution of intensive farming and large-scale farming changes to crop production dynamics at the national and county scale. Despite a negative contribution from MPS (mean parcel size, ), national crop production increased due to positive contributions from yield (), MCI (multiple cropping index, ), as well as NP (number of parcels, ). This allowed China to meet the growing national crop demand. We further find that large differences across regions persist over time. For most counties, the increase in crop production is a consequence of improved yields. However, in the North China Plain, NP is another important factor leading to crop production improvement. On the other hand, regions witnessing a decrease in crop production (e.g., the southeast coastal area of China) were characterized by a remarkable decrease in yield and MCI. Our detailed analyses of crop production provide accurate estimates and therefore can guide policymakers in addressing food security issues. Specifically, besides stabilizing yield and maintaining the total NP, it would be advantageous for crop production to increase the mean parcel size and MCI through land consolidation and financial assistance for land transfer and advanced agricultural infrastructure.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

41

PRIBADI, EKWASITA RINI. « KAJIAN KELAYAKAN USAHATANI POLA TANAM SAMBILOTO DENGAN JAGUNG ». Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri 13, n^o 3 (25 juin 2020) : 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jlittri.v13n3.2007.98-105.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

ABSTRAK Sambiloto (Andrografis paniculata Nees) secara alami hidup subur di antara tegakan hutan. Hal ini megindikasikan bahwa tanaman ini toleran terhadap naungan. Kajian pola tanam jagung dan sambiloto diharapkan mendorong efisiensi produksi dan meningkatkan daya saing. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Cimanggu Bogor pada tanah Latosol, ketinggian 240 m dpl, tipe iklim A. Penanaman pada bulan Nopember 2003 dan panen mulai bulan Maret 2004 selama 5 kali panen dengan selang setiap 2 bulan. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) 6 kali ulangan dengan 4 perlakuan, yaitu : (1) monokultur sambiloto, (2) sambiloto + jagung jarak tanam 150 cm x 20 cm, (3) sambiloto + jagung jarak tanam 120 cm x 20 cm, (4) sambiloto + jagung jarak tanam 90 cm x 20 cm. Bibit sambiloto disemaikan selama 2 bulan dan ditanam dengan jarak tanam 30 cm x 40 cm, dipupuk dengan 10 ton pupuk kandang, 150 kg urea, 150 kg SP-36, dan 150 kg KCl per ha. Pupuk kandang, SP-36, dan KCl seluruhnya diberikan pada saat tanam. Urea diberikan masing-masing 1/3 bagian pada umur 0, 1, dan 2 BST (Bulan Sesudah Tanam). Untuk setiap ha tanaman jagung dipupuk dengan 5 ton pupuk kandang, 300 kg SP-36, dan 200 kg KCl yang diberikan pada saat tanam, dan 300 kg urea diberikan masing-masing 1/2 bagian pada umur 0, dan 1 BST. Benih jagung (Hibrida lokal R-01) ditanam 2 butir per lubang tanam, ditanam 2 kali selama musim tanam yaitu pertama 2 minggu sebelum penanaman sambiloto, dan penanaman kedua 75 hari setelah penanam jagung yang pertama. Data input-output usahatani dianalis secara deskriptif dilanjutkan dengan analisis B/C rasio dan sensitivitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mutu simplisia semua pola tanam memenuhi standard Materia Medika Indonesia. Produktivitas sambiloto per m 2 makin menurun dengan kerapatan pola tanam; pada pola monokultur diperoleh hasil 1,1 kg/m 2 sedangkan pada pola tanam dengan jagung jarak tanam 90 cm x 20 cm menghasilkan 0,5 kg/m 2 terna basah. Produktivitas jagung per m 2 meningkat dengan makin rapatnya pola tanam yaitu mencapai 13,3 tongkol pada jagung jarak tanam 150 cm x 20 cm, dan 22,2 tongkol pada jarak tanam jagung 90 cm x 20 cm. Biaya produksi sambiloto sebagian besar untuk bibit (Rp. 300/tanaman); biaya bibit tertinggi pada pola tanam monokultur yaitu 66,5% dari total biaya usahatani dan terendah pada pola tanam dengan jagung jarak tanam 90 cm x 20 cm yaitu 36%. Untuk menekan biaya usahatani disarankan petani melakukan penyemaian benih sendiri. Pola tanam sambiloto dengan jagung jarak tanam 90 cm x 20 cm, paling layak secara finansial dengan pendapatan bersih mencapai Rp1.188.360 dan B/C rasio 1,45 per 1.000 m2 lahan dan memberikan sumbangan lebih dari 20% terhadap pendapatan petani sebagai manager usahatani, mempunyai daya adaptasi yang cukup fleksibel terhadap perubahan biaya produksi dan harga produk, serta memberikan tambahan pendapatan bersih (keuntungan sebesar) Rp.51.675/1.000 m 2 lahan dibandingkan pola monokultur. Kata kunci : Sambiloto, Andrografis paniculata Nees, jagung, polatanam, usahatani, produksi, Jawa Barat ABSTRACT Feasibility study of king bitter and corn cropping pattern King bitter (Andrografis paniculata Nees) is naturally grown wildly under forest trees. This indicates that the plant is shade tolerant. The cropping pattern of the plant with corn was expected to improve its production efficiency and compatibility. The experiment was conducted in the Cimanggu Experimental Garden Bogor, Latosol soil type, elevation 240 m above sea level, climate type A of Schmidt and Fergusson. Planting was done November 2003. The experiment was designed in a randomized block with 6 replications. Treatments were (1) monoculture of king bitter cropping pattern, (2) king bitter and corn (in a plant spacing 150 cm x 20 cm) cropping pattern, (3) king bitter and corn (in a plant spacing 120 cm x 20 cm) cropping pattern, (4) king bitter and corn (in a plant spacing 90 cm x 20 cm) cropping pattern. King bitter was planted at 30 cm x 40 cm spacing, fertilized with 10 tons manure + 150 kg SP-36 + 150 kg KCl and 150 kg urea fertilizer was applied one of third dosage in 0, 1, and 2 months after planting. Corn was grown twice during the experiment; first was planted 2 weeks prior to planting of the king bitter, and second was 75 days after the first planting. Corn was fertilized with 5 tons manure + 300 kg SP36 + 200 kg KCl per ha, and 300 kg urea fertilizer was applied half dosage in 0, and 1 months after planting. First harvest of the king bitter was done in March 2004, followed with 5 harvests every 2 months. Farming efficiency was analyzed using descriptive analysis, B/C ratio and sensitivity analysis. The results showed that quality of dry raw material of king bitter matched with MMI standard. Productivity of king bitter decreased by the increasing population of corn in cropping pattern, in monoculture bitter king productivity was 1.1 kg/m 2 decreased to 0.5 kg/m 2 in cropping pattern king bitter and corn (in a plant spacing 90 cm x 20 cm). In opposite, the productivity of corn increased by the increasing population of corn in cropping pattern, that were 13.3 cobs/m 2 in cropping pattern king bitter and corn (in a plant spacing 150 cm x 20 cm) increased to 22.2 cobs /m 2 in cropping pattern king bitter and corn (in a plant spacing 90 cm x 20 cm). Most of king bitter production cost (Rp. 300/polybag),is for seedlings. In monoculture of king bitter, seedling cost of king bitter was 66,5% of production cost, and in cropping pattern king bitter and corn (in a plant spacing 90 cm x 20 cm) the seedling cost was 36% of production cost. To reduce production cost, farmers suggested to produce the seedlings by themselves. The study suggested that the best cropping pattern was king bitter planted with corn at 90 cm x 20 cm planting space. This cropping pattern financially acceptable as it raised income as much as Rp.1,188,360, B/C ratio 1,45 per 1.000 m2 and gave more then 20% of management income which was more adaptable to fluctuation production cost and price of product, and gave Rp. 51,675/1.000 m 2 net benefit compared to monoculture of king bitter Key words: Sambiloto, Andrografis paniculata Nees, corn, cropping pattern, farming, production, West Java

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

42

Moore, Andrew D. « The case for and against perennial forages in the Australian sheep–wheat zone : modelling livestock production, business risk and environmental interactions ». Animal Production Science 54, n^o 12 (2014) : 2029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14613.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Perennial forages have been proposed as a means of ameliorating both the summer–autumn feed gap and the risks posed by soil salinity and erosion in mixed farming areas of southern Australia. Whole-farm simulation analyses using the APSIM and GRAZPLAN models at nine locations across southern Australia have evaluated the likely trade-offs among expected profitability, financial risk, soil erosion risk, deep drainage and soil carbon change as annual pastures are converted to perennial pastures based on a C3 grass, a C4 grass or lucerne. Differences between perennial and annual feedbases in total pasture growth (median –11%, range –47% to +20%) and metabolisable energy supply from pasture (median +1%, range –48% to +52%) were diverse across locations and perennial species. At some locations, improvements in the pasture feedbase were counter-balanced by lower livestock intakes from crop stubbles. The modelled farming system with the highest profit included some perennial pasture at seven of the nine locations, but no one pasture species or land-use system predominated across all locations or producer risk attitudes. Local characteristics of the soils and farming systems are as important as broad climatic factors in determining how substituting perennial for annual pastures alters the trade-off between profitability and wind erosion risk. Further expanding permanent pastures into land currently used for crops only unequivocally reduced wind erosion risk at the four locations with Mediterranean climates. Lucerne grown in long rotations provided the best trade-off between mean gross margin and financial risk at Merriwagga and Temora. Permanent C3 or C4 perennial grass pastures separated from continuous cropping may simultaneously increase profits and reduce business and erosion risk at low-rainfall locations with Mediterranean climates, as long as they can be managed to persist. Managing pastures for greater nitrogen inputs could be considered as an erosion-abatement strategy.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

43

Quee, Dan David, Joseph Sarkodie-Addo, Stephanie Duku, Alusaine Edward Samura, Abdul Rahman Conteh, Jenneh Fatima Bebeley et Janatu Veronica Sesay. « Economic Evaluation of Weed Control and Herbicide Residues on Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Ghana ». Journal of Agricultural Science 8, n^o 7 (8 juin 2016) : 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v8n7p47.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

A study on economic evaluation of some weed management strategies and herbicide residues analysis on roots of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) was conducted during 2014 and 2015 cropping season in Kumasi, Ghana. Cost and benefits were computed from the use of two manual weedings (hoeing and cutlassing), two pre-emergence herbicides (Butachlor 60% EC and Terbulor 500 EC) with two-supplemenatary hoe weeding, weed-free and weedy check. These were evaluated using two varieties of cassava, Ampong (Early branching) and Dokuduade (Late branching). The treatment was a factorial laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates. Partial farm budgeting were used for economic analysis of data and herbicide residues analysis in roots of cassava were determined using Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detector (GC-ECD). Results showed that Terbulor 500 EC with two supplementary hoe weeding was more economical, profitable and beneficial than those other treatments applied in the production of cassava. In addition, the average concentration of Terbulor 500 EC (0.003 mg/kg) and Butachlor 60% EC (0.001 mg/kg) residues in roots of cassava varieties were below the maximum residue limit (MRL) of 0.01 mg/kg set by Ghana Standards Authority for cassava. In conclusion, Terbulor 500 EC with two supplementary hoe weeding was more effective and financially rewarding and both herbicides had lower residual effects on cassava.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

44

Thể, Bùi Dũng, et Hồng Bích Ngọc. « ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF TYPICAL SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT MODELS IN SELECTED PROVINCES OF VIETNAM ». Hue University Journal of Science : Economics and Development 128, n^o 5B (16 janvier 2019) : 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26459/hueuni-jed.v128i5b.5068.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Abstract: This study undertakes an economic analysis of selected sustainable land management (SLM) models in three selected provinces: Hoa Binh province in the Northwestern Mountainous region, Quang Tri province in the North Central Coast and Can Tho province in the Mekong Delta. The SLM models in Hoa Binh province are agroforestry models and those in the provinces of Quang Tri and Can Tho are annual crop rotations and intercropping with improved cultivation methods. The present study uses primary data from a multipurpose survey of 826 farm households. The results show that the agroforestry systems in Hoa Binh province are not financially attractive to farmers as their net returns are low, but their off-site benefit of soil erosion reduction in terms of safe removal and dumping cost of sediment is remarkable, about VND 300,000–320,000 per hectare per year. The SLM models in Hai Lang district (Quang Tri) are profitable with a much higher net return than that of prevailing non-SLM model with cassava mono-cropping. For Can Tho province, the SLM models with rice and upland crop rotations have significantly higher net returns than those of the triple-rice rotation model. However, the profitability of the studied SLM models is significantly affected by the risks associated with poor development or lack of outlet markets. Enhancing farmers’ agribusiness knowledge making them be able to deal with risks in the adoption of SLM models is of vital importance.Keywords: sustainable land management economic analysis, Hoa Binh, Quang Tri, Can Tho

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

45

Yohana, Cindy, Wiwiek Andajani, Eko Yuliarsha Sidhi et Nina Lisanty. « Keuntungan Pola Tanam Jagung Tumpangsari dengan Kacang Tanah di Kabupaten Sumba Timur, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur ». JINTAN : Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian Nasional 2, n^o 1 (28 janvier 2022) : 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30737/jintan.v2i1.2209.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Katikupialang Hamlet, Pataawang Village, Umalulu District is a corn-producing area in East Sumba Regency. Corn has become the main commodity, although local farmers have begun to apply an intercropping corn cropping pattern with peanuts in recent times. This study was objected to financially comparing the income and feasibility of maize farming with monoculture or intercropping patterns. The sample was randomly selected from 20 farmers practicing the corn monoculture pattern and ten farmers practicing the corn-peanut intercropping design. The analysis method includes analysis of costs, revenues, income, and efficiency or feasibility of farming. Furthermore, a comparative study of income and efficiency was carried out using the F and t-tests. The analysis results showed that the income from intercropping maize with peanuts per hectare per growing season is higher than the income from monoculture maize. Likewise, the value of the R/C Ratio and the results of statistical tests were also the same. Based on these findings, counseling related to intercropping maize and beans can be carried out more actively in the East Sumba area.Dusun Katikupialang, Desa Pataawang, Kecamatan Umalulu merupakan wilayah produsen jagung di Kabupaten Sumba Timur. Jagung menjadi komoditi utama, meski dalam kurun waktu terakhir, petani setempat mulai menerapkan pola tanam jagung tumpangsari dengan kacang tanah. Penelitian dilakukan untuk membandingkan secara finansial usahatani pola monokultur jagung dan pola jagung tumpangsari kacang tanah guna mempelajari pola usahatani yang yang efisiensi dan pendapatan paling tinggi. Sampel ditentukan terhadap 20 petani pelaku pola monokultur jagung dan 10 petani pelaku pola jagung tumpangsari dengan kacang tanah dengan teknik simple random sampling. Metode analisis meliputi analisis finansial (biaya, pendapatan, dan kelayakan) usahatani, dilanjutkan dengan analisis statistik pengujian hipotesis. Hasil analisisnya, pendapatan per hektar per musim tanam untuk usahatani jagung tumpangsari lebih besar daripada monokultur, secara statistik hasil pengujian juga terbukti demikian. Hal yang sama juga untuk nilai R/C Ratio dan hasil pengujian statistiknya. Berdasarkan temuan ini, penyuluhan terkait pola tanam jagung tumpang sari dengan kacangkacangan dapat lebih aktif lagi dilakukan di daerah Sumba Timur.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

46

Petheram, C., J. Gallant, P. Stone, P. Wilson et A. Read. « Rapid assessment of potential for development of large dams and irrigation across continental areas : application to northern Australia ». Rangeland Journal 40, n^o 4 (2018) : 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj18012.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Water scarcity in southern Australia and an imperative to develop regional economies have combined to renew focus on the potential for irrigated agricultural development in Australia’s largely undeveloped and sparsely populated north. More than 2 billion potential dam sites across northern Australia (an area of ~3 million km2) were assessed in a consistent and objective manner, using the DamSite model, in the largest comprehensive assessment of large dams undertaken globally. Simultaneous consideration was given to large dams and their proximity to land physically suited to the development of irrigated cropping and horticulture. We did not consider regulatory and land-ownership limitations on irrigation and dam development or social, environmental and economic considerations. Although these factors do and will constrain water and agricultural development in northern Australia, each requires a site-specific analysis, and these factors can potentially change with time. Physical resources (soil, surface water, and topography suitable for large, in-stream dams) sufficient to support ~1.84 Mha of irrigated agriculture exist in northern Australia. This would require use of the entire yield from eight existing dams (including the Burdekin Falls and Ord River dams) and the construction of 117 new dams. A more financially attractive option could involve using water from 85 large dams (eight existing and 77 new dams) and a large number of reregulating structures (e.g. weirs) to irrigate 1.34 Mha of land suitable for irrigated agriculture. If realised, this would result in a ~50% increase in Australia’s area under irrigation. Approximately 50% of the potential 1.34 Mha of irrigated land in northern Australia (~670 000 ha) could be irrigated with ~20 of the more promising large dams, highlighting the declining marginal returns to dam construction and the benefits of strategic land and water resource planning. In reality, a range of regulatory, political and socio-economic factors will considerably constrain the upper physical limit to dam and irrigation development stated in this paper. They may also inevitably result in major developments occurring over longer timeframes than dam and irrigation developments of comparable scale in southern Australia during the 20th Century. Alternative sources of water (e.g. groundwater, wetlands, waterholes) and water storage (e.g. gully dams, ringtanks, managed aquifer recharge) are physically capable of supplying smaller volumes of water than large dams, although each may have important roles to play in maximising the cost-effectiveness of water supply in northern Australia.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

47

Karuma, Anne N., Patrick T. Gicheru et Charles K. K. Gachene. « Financial Returns of Maize and Bean Production under Selected Tillage Practices in Semi-arid Area of Mwala Sub County, Kenya ». Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & ; Sociology, 20 octobre 2020, 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2020/v38i1030424.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

An on-farm experiment was carried out to assess the short term financial returns over four cropping seasons of selected tillage practices and cropping systems in semi-arid Mwala Sub County of Kenya. The tillage treatments were Disc Ploughing (DP), Disc Ploughing and Harrowing (DPH), Ox-ploughing (OX), Subsoiling – Ripping (SSR), Hand hoeing with Tied Ridges (HTR), and Hand hoeing (H) only. There were three cropping systems of Sole Maize (SM), Sole Bean (SB), and Maize - Bean intercrop (M + B), which were investigated in a Split-Plot Design with four replications. Input and output prices were obtained from the local markets and used to compute the financial returns. Across the tillage practices, higher net returns were realized in DPH (USD 1165), DP (USD 1014), and SSR (USD 866). In the cropping systems, the intercrop (USD 1051) and sole bean (USD 954) reported higher benefits than sole maize (USD 692). Based on marginal analysis, it is economically viable to recommend the SSR with sole bean systems to farmers in Mwala Sub County as it produced the higher BCR (> 2) and an MRR (> 100 %) which is comfortable to most farmers.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

48

Veldkamp, Edzo, Marcus Schmidt, Christian Markwitz, Lukas Beule, René Beuschel, Andrea Biertümpfel, Xenia Bischel et al. « Multifunctionality of temperate alley-cropping agroforestry outperforms open cropland and grassland ». Communications Earth & ; Environment 4, n^o 1 (24 janvier 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00680-1.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

AbstractIntensively managed open croplands are highly productive but often have deleterious environmental impacts. Temperate agroforestry potentially improves ecosystem functions, although comprehensive analysis is lacking. Here, we measured primary data on 47 indicators of seven ecosystem functions in croplands and 16 indicators of four ecosystem functions in grasslands to assess how alley-cropping agroforestry performs compared to open cropland and grassland. Carbon sequestration, habitat for soil biological activity, and wind erosion resistance improved for cropland agroforestry (P ≤ 0.03) whereas only carbon sequestration improved for grassland agroforestry (P < 0.01). In cropland agroforestry, soil nutrient cycling, soil greenhouse gas abatement, and water regulation did not improve, due to customary high fertilization rates. Alley-cropping agroforestry increased multifunctionality, compared to open croplands. To ameliorate the environmental benefits of agroforestry, more efficient use of nutrients is required. Financial incentives should focus on conversion of open croplands to alley-cropping agroforestry and incorporate fertilizer management.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

49

Owusu Danquah, Eric, Hashini Galhena Dissanayake, Frank Osei Danquah, Cholani Weebadde, Patricia Pinamang Acheampong et Stella Ama Ennin. « Financial analysis of pigeonpea-yam cropping system options and implications on profitability of smallholder farmers in Ghana ». Agroforestry Systems, 3 novembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10457-022-00788-x.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

50

Van Damme, Patrick, Wim Sampers et Frans Pauwels. « Socio-economic Aspects of the intensive growing of the Cowpeas ( Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) in Kano, northern Nigeria ». Afrika Focus 2, n^o 2 (28 juillet 1986). http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/af.v2i2.6616.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The costs and benefits of single crop cowpea and cowpea grown in, a traditional mixed cropping system are calculated for the Kano area, in northern Nigeria. If all the technical requirements are met, single crop cowpea is more profitable, on a financial return per unit land basis, than the traditional crop mixture. A one year effort to try and familiarize traditional farmers with a new variety and new production methods is clearly not enough and may even demotivate a number of farmers when the yields, and financial returns, are low. To ensure that the improved technologies are adopted, it will be necessary to provide a credit programme enabling farmers to purchase the improved inputs, and a marketing structure that guarantees fixed and stable market prices throughout the year. KEYWORDS: Vigna unguiculata, cowpea, northern Nigeria, financial analysis, marketing

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Articles de revues sur le sujet « Cropping financial analysis »

Créez une référence correcte selon les styles APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard et plusieurs autres