Bibliographies thématiques / Crop management practices

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Crop management practices »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 20 juillet 2024

Créez une référence correcte selon les styles APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard et plusieurs autres

Choisissez une source :

Sommaire

Articles de revues
Thèses
Livres
Chapitres de livres
Actes de conférences
Rapports d'organisations

Consultez les listes thématiques d’articles de revues, de livres, de thèses, de rapports de conférences et d’autres sources académiques sur le sujet « Crop management practices ».

À côté de chaque source dans la liste de références il y a un bouton « Ajouter à la bibliographie ». Cliquez sur ce bouton, et nous générerons automatiquement la référence bibliographique pour la source choisie selon votre style de citation préféré : APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.

Vous pouvez aussi télécharger le texte intégral de la publication scolaire au format pdf et consulter son résumé en ligne lorsque ces informations sont inclues dans les métadonnées.

Articles de revues sur le sujet "Crop management practices"

Teli, Suhrid, Abhijit Saha et Bobilan Debbarma. « Climate Smart Weed Management Practices ». Plant Health Archives 1, n^o 1 (20 avril 2023) : 03–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.54083/pha/1.1.2023/03-04.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Climate changes are rapidly occurring due to anthropogenic activities. Human activities contribute to global warming by increasing greenhouse gases which are the main factors of extreme climate change. This change increases competition between weeds and crops. Most troublesome weeds are responsive to grow with increasing CO2 gas then crop. Also, high atmospheric temperature helps to reduce uptake of herbicide due to more diffusion and rapidly dry droplets. There is an inevitable need to study how changing climate conditions are affecting crop-weed competition, weed life and herbicide effectiveness in order to create adaptation and mitigation plans for changing climatic scenario. The overall objective of this article is to portray smart weed management approaches under climate change scenario resulting high productivity of crops and more returns for farmers alongwith an effective maintenance of the weeds.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Scursoni, Julio Alejandro, Alejandra Carolina Duarte Vera, Fernando Hugo Oreja, Betina Claudia Kruk et Elba Beatriz de la Fuente. « Weed management practices in Argentina crops ». Weed Technology 33, n^o 03 (juin 2019) : 459–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2019.26.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

AbstractData from surveys are used to help quantitatively diagnose the relative importance of chemical and nonchemical management practices, identify weed problems, and provide potential solutions. However, to our knowledge, such surveys have not been conducted in Argentina. In 2016, advisors and crop producers from cropping areas across Argentina were surveyed through email with the objectives to identify the main weed species problems and assess the use of chemical and nonchemical weed management practices in different crop production areas in Argentina. Fleabane, pigweed, johnsongrass, fingergrass, goosegrass, barnyardgrass, and ryegrass were considered the most important weeds. More than 53% of the producers used only chemical options; 86% used chemical fallow (i.e., keeping weed free with chemical application); 62% used full herbicide rates; 46% used proper herbicide timing; 41% used multiple modes of action; and 32% used rotation of herbicide modes of action. The main nonchemical practices used were crop rotation (45%); avoiding seed production during (31%) and after (25%) the crop cycle; narrow row spacing (19%); and cultivars with greater competitive ability (18%). Less than 15% of the people surveyed used increased crop densities or altered date of sowing. There is a high dependence on chemical control in the main crops grown in Argentina. Extension efforts are needed to emphasize the importance of integrated weed management.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Stals, J. P., et S. Ferreira. « TRACKING FARM MANAGEMENT PRACTICES WITH REMOTE SENSING ». ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W2 (16 novembre 2017) : 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w2-197-2017.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Earth observation (EO) data is effective in monitoring agricultural cropping activity over large areas. An example of such an application is the GeoTerraImage crop type classification for the South African Crop Estimates Committee (CEC). The satellite based classification of crop types in South Africa provides a large scale, spatial and historical record of agricultural practices in the main crop growing areas. The results from these classifications provides data for the analysis of trends over time, in order to extract valuable information that can aid decision making in the agricultural sector. Crop cultivation practices change over time as farmers adapt to demand, exchange rate and new technology. Through the use of remote sensing, grain crop types have been identified at field level since 2008, providing a historical data set of cropping activity for the three most important grain producing provinces of Mpumalanga, Freestate and North West province in South Africa. This historical information allows the analysis of farm management practices to identify changes and trends in crop rotation and irrigation practices. Analysis of crop type classification over time highlighted practices such as: frequency of cultivation of the same crop on a field, intensified cultivation on centre pivot irrigated fields with double cropping of a winter grain followed by a summer grain in the same year and increasing cultivation of certain types of crops over time such as soyabeans. All these practices can be analysed in a quantitative spatial and temporal manner through the use of the remote sensing based crop type classifications.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Oad, F. C., M. H. Siddiqui, U. A. Buriro et G. S. Solangi. « Weed Management Practices in Cotton Crop ». Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 6, n^o 2 (1 février 2007) : 344–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2007.344.348.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Sharma, Amandeep, Mohit Singh, M. K. Rana, Pooja, Ridhima Arya, Nimit Kumar, Abhivyakti, Manmohan Mittal et Pooja Rani. « Paddy Straw Management Practices ». Ecology, Environment and Conservation 29, n^o 02 (2023) : 885–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2023.v29i02.057.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Paddy straw is one of the organic materials and natural residues obtained from the paddy crop. It is the third largest crop remanant obtained from the agriculture after sugarcane bagasse and maize straw. Storage of the surplus paddy straw, removal of entire straw from the field and very little time between the cultivation of the next crop are the major issues associated with paddy straw. Thus, stubble burning is a quickest, cheapest and easiest way to prepare field for the next crop. Burning of paddy straw results in extensive impact on both on and off farm, e.g., killing of useful microflora and fauna of the soil, losses of soil organic matter and contribution to harmful greenhouse gases including their harmful effects on human and animal health. Therefore, paddy straw burning is a major issue of environmental pollution also. Hence, need of the hour is to provide environment friendly alternatives to paddy straw instead of burning in open field. Paddy straw can be used as a source of energy, mulching material, biofuel, industrial raw material, fodder for animals, etc.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Freebairn, DM, et WC Boughton. « Hydrologic effects of crop residue management practices ». Soil Research 23, n^o 1 (1985) : 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9850023.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

A daily water balance model of catchment behaviour was used with rainfall and runoff data from three 1 ha catchments over the period 1976-1981 inclusive to study the effects of different practices of crop residue management on volumes and peak rates of runoff. The practices studied were stubble burning, stubble incorporation, and stubble mulching. Rainfall and runoff data from the six-year study period were used to calibrate the catchment model to each of the management practices in turn. A 64-year record of daily rainfalls from a nearby meteorological station was used to estimate the long-term effects of the practices on the frequency distributions of runoff. An empirical relationship between peak rates of runoff and daily amounts of runoff was used with the daily water balance model to estimate the effects of the practices on peak rates of runoff. Burning of stubble produced the highest peak rates and amounts of runoff and mulching the lowest.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Papadopoulos, A. P., J. L. Shipp, W. R. Jarvis, T. J. Jewett et N. D. Clarke. « The Harrow Expert System for Greenhouse Vegetables ». HortScience 30, n^o 4 (juillet 1995) : 846F—847. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.846f.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Greenhouse crop production technology is advancing rapidly, and the management of greenhouse crops has become increasingly difficult. Computerized environment and fertigation control of greenhouse crops grown in soilless media offer opportunities for unparalleled manipulation of crop growing conditions. However, the optimization of crop growing conditions for maximum productivity must be practiced with an eye on environmental regulations; worker health concerns; consumer demands for safe food; and ultimately on energy, water, fertilizer, and pesticide use economy. Managing the complex greenhouse cropping system requires a multidisciplinary approach that integrates pest and disease protection strategies with routine cultural practices and environmental and fertigation regimes into a common decision-making process or Integrated Crop Management strategy. This poster describes an Expert System for greenhouse cucumber management based on a general model of Integrated Crop Management for greenhouse crops.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Barau, Aliyu Akilu, Md Safiul Islam Afrad, Abdul Halim, GKM Mustafizur Rahman et Md Enamul Haque. « Crop Management Practices in Rural Riverine Islands of Bangladesh ». Tropical Small Island Agriculture Management 1, n^o 2 (31 décembre 2021) : 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/tsiam.2021.1.2.57.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

This study focused on farmers’ crop management practices in selected rural riverine islands (Char lands) of Sariakandi Upazila, Bogura district, Bangladesh. Disproportionate stratified sampling was adopted to select the respondents. The data were elicited using an interview schedule and analyzed via Statistics 10 software. Results revealed that, on average, there was moderate knowledge on crop management practices, and the attitude towards the practices was favorable. But, in deviance from what is habitually obtained on mainland Bangladesh where rice cultivation dominates, jute (35.84%) and chili (28.4%) covered the majority in Char Ghagua and Char Shaluka, respectively. In Char Tengrakura, rice and chili covered a little above half (52.7%) of the crops cultivated by the respondents. In terms of the management practices, the lion’s share (81.7%, 74.7%, and 77.0%) of soil management practices was covered by chemical fertilizers in all the Char lands. Similarly, the use of chemicals dominated when handling pests and diseases. Triple cropping was foremost across the Char lands and had high mean coverage in Char Tengrakura (63.6%). The mean coverage of irrigation water management practices was virtually shallow tube well in the Char lands. Generally, there was moderate knowledge and a positive attitude towards crop management practices. That crop management practices (use synthetic materials and underground water) employed in the Char lands are unsustainable, tending to induce degradation of land and water resources.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Zhu-Barker, Xia, Mark Easter, Amy Swan, Mary Carlson, Lucas Thompson, William R. Horwath, Keith Paustian et Kerri L. Steenwerth. « Soil Management Practices to Mitigate Nitrous Oxide Emissions and Inform Emission Factors in Arid Irrigated Specialty Crop Systems ». Soil Systems 3, n^o 4 (24 novembre 2019) : 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems3040076.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from arid irrigated agricultural soil in California have been predicted to represent 8% of the state’s total GHG emissions. Although specialty crops compose the majority of the state’s crops in both economic value and land area, the portion of GHG emissions contributed by them is still highly uncertain. Current and emerging soil management practices affect the mitigation of those emissions. Herein, we review the scientific literature on the impact of soil management practices in California specialty crop systems on GHG nitrous oxide emissions. As such studies from most major specialty crop systems in California are limited, we focus on two annual and two perennial crops with the most data from the state: tomato, lettuce, wine grapes and almond. Nitrous oxide emission factors were developed and compared to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emission factors, and state-wide emissions for these four crops were calculated for specific soil management practices. Dependent on crop systems and specific management practices, the emission factors developed in this study were either higher, lower or comparable to IPCC emission factors. Uncertainties caused by low gas sampling frequency in these studies were identified and discussed. These uncertainties can be remediated by robust and standardized estimates of nitrous oxide emissions from changes in soil management practices in California specialty crop systems. Promising practices to reduce nitrous oxide emissions and meet crop production goals, pertinent gaps in knowledge on this topic and limitations of this approach are discussed.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Plus de sources

Thèses sur le sujet "Crop management practices"

Silvertooth, J. C. « Cultural and Management Practices for Pima Cotton Production ». College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/209590.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The good use of cultural or agronomic practices is fundamental to the production of high yields and quality of American Pima cotton. In order for Pima farmers to maintain viable production operations, a continual review and improvement upon the existing set of cultural practices are in order. Basic aspects of crop production such as planting date management, soil fertility and plant nutrition, plant growth regulator use, crop termination, and defoliation are reviewed in this paper in relation to American Pima cotton production. Specific attention is also given to potassium (K) fertility management and Alternaria leaf spot regarding new aspects of potential management needs.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Deryng, Delphine. « Simulating the effects of climate and land management practices on global crop yield ». Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92347.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Global warming resulting from increasing greenhouse gas emissions is a threat to global food production. A rise in temperatures along with a shift in precipitation regimes is expected to decrease production in the future. However, farm management, such as the choice of crop cultivar, planting decisions, and irrigation can help farmers to alleviate some of the potential crop yield losses from climate change. In order to estimate the role of climate and agricultural management practices on yield, a new global crop model, PEGASUS 1.0 (Predicting Ecosystem Goods And Services Using Scenarios) has been developed for maize, soybean, and spring wheat. This thesis presents the methods used to develop the model, and its evaluation against present-day data, along with a model sensitivity experiment to a global warming of 2°C. Overall, results for present-day simulations are reasonable. Simulated planting and harvesting dates occur within the range of observations for more than 62% of total crop harvested areas, for each of the three crops. A comparison between simulated and observed crop yields indicates a weighted coefficient of determination, with the weighting based on crop harvested area, of 0.81 for maize, 0.63 for soybean, and 0.45 for spring wheat. The model simulates that an increase in temperature will result in a global decrease in crop yields. Nevertheless, adapting planting dates and cultivar choices to changes in temperature can avoid 6078% of yield losses globally. Overall, the model results suggest that agricultural production in the richest countries, mostly located in the northern high latitudes, could benefit from increase in temperature, while the agriculture in the poorest countries in the tropics are likely to suffer the most.
Le réchauffement planétaire lié à l'émission croissante des gaz à effet de serre menace la production alimentaire mondiale. Une augmentation des températures ainsi qu'une modification des régimes de précipitations augmentent les risques de mauvaises récoltes à long terme. Toutefois, certaines pratiques agricoles, comme le choix du type de semence, les dates de semis, et l'irrigation permettent aux agriculteurs de s'adapter au mieux aux variations climatiques. Afin d'évaluer le rôle combiné du climat et des pratiques agricoles sur le rendement des cultures, un nouveau modèle agricole, PEGASUS 1.0 (Predicting Ecosystem Goods And Services Using Scenarios), a été développé. PEGASUS simule le rendement du maïs, du soja, et du blé de printemps à l'échelle mondiale. Cette thèse présente les méthodes utilisées pour développer le modèle, ainsi que son évaluation sur les données agricoles actuelles. Par ailleurs, la sensibilité du modèle à un réchauffement global de 2°C a été estimée. De manière générale, les résultats des simulations correspondant aux conditions climatiques actuelles sont satisfaisants. Ainsi, les dates de semence et de récolte simulées coïncident avec l'éventail des dates observées pour plus de 62% des surfaces cultivées, pour chacune des trois cultures. De plus, l'évaluation du rendement agricole calculé indique un coefficient de détermination, pondéré par la surface récoltée, égale à 0.81 pour le maïs, 0.63 pour le so ja, et 0.45 pour le blé de printemps. Les résultats des simulations correspondant à un réchauffement de la température montrent une réduction générale des rendements agricoles. Cependant, lorsque les dates de plantation et le choix du cultivar sont adaptés à la nouvelle température, les pertes sont réduites de 60 à 78%. Les variations de rendement agricoles ont été comparées par revenus économiques, démontrant que les pays les plus riches pourraient bénéficier$

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Banda, Alefa. « Adoption and crop productivity impacts of sustainable agricultural and land management practices in Zambia ». Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/63232.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Agricultural productivity in the Sub Saharan African (SSA) region has been cited to be low (Suttie & Benfica, 2016). As a result, there is a consistent call for evolution in smallholder farming. In addition to improving agricultural productivity, this evolution should factor in adaptation to climate variability and change. To achieve this, the use of sound and sustainable agricultural and land management practices (SALMPs) stands paramount. Among these include: (1) improved agronomic practices such as the use of improved seed varieties (HYV), (2) integrated nutrient management practices (INM), (3) tillage and residue management practices (TRM), (4) water management practices (WM), and (5) agroforestry practices (AF) (Branca et al., 2011 and Smith et al., 2007). These sets of SALMPs have been argued to be more environmentally friendly and are associated with positive and significant productivity impacts, in isolation and/or combination. Even though several studies that analyse adoption and impacts of various agricultural practices exist, they are limited to single practices mostly. However, it is seldom that farmers adopt agricultural practices in isolation. Consequently, factors influencing adoption and impact of individual and combined sets of agricultural practices remain elusive. For instance, the influence of location specific and weather covariates with potentially significant effects on adoption decisions have not extensively been investigated. Among these variables include: agro-ecological zones and weather factors — temperature and rainfall. To address this issue, this study includes dummies for the three agro-ecological zones (AEZs) in Zambia and actual historical temperature and rainfall data as explanatory variables. This is a step farther as opposed to using indicative variables based on farmer perceptions. Crop productivity, gross value of production and net revenue impacts of individual and combined sets of SALMPs are also estimated to achieve the main objective of the study. Unlike most studies, this research project uses panel data. A second panel sample is created for first-time adopters primarily to estimate pure adoption impacts of individual and combined sets of SALMPs. The study findings show wide-spread distribution of SALMPs adoption sets by AEZs. The widely practiced sets of non-mutually exclusive SALMPs were HYV, TRM and INM practices, whereas AF practices were the least adopted. At household level, extensively practiced sets of SALMPs in combination include: HYV and INM practices, and HYV, INM and TRM practices. Various human and social capital characteristics, wealth status of the household, resource constraint and access to information variables, location and field level characteristics are found to have significant effects on adoption decisions. More interestingly, the influence of agro-ecological zone location dummies and weather factors are mixed. For example, compared to AEZ I a drier zone with the poorest distribution of rainfall, farm households located in AEZ IIa (area with good agricultural potential are significantly less likely to adopt WM practices). Also, higher average temperatures significantly lower the likelihood of adopting most sets of SALMPs, whereas adoption and dis-adoption is more likely with increase in the average rainfall during the growing season. This to some extent, indicates the climate variability and change adaptability potential of several SALMPs. Lastly, the results from the impact analysis show that combining different sets of SALMPs yields positive and significant crop productivity gains per hectare. On average, the gains in crop productivity for widely practiced sets of SALMPs — HYV, INM and TRM practices and HYV and INM practices, are above 15 percent. This shows that greater productivity gains can be realized by adopting various combinations of different individual sets of SALMPs. In fact, first-time adopters were found to be better-off when specific sets of SALMPs are adopted in bundles. However, the expected net revenue impacts of individual and combined sets of SALMPs are mixed, even though they are negative for the most part. These study findings support the positive and significant crop productivity impacts of SALMPs. However, the negative net revenue impacts, among maize selling households, suggest that the gains in crop productivity may not be sufficiently large enough to offset variable production costs. This, therefore, calls for simultaneous promotion of agricultural technology uptake and maize commercialization through value addition.
Dissertation (MSc Agric)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
African Economic Research Consortium
DAAD
Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development
MSc (Agric)
Unrestricted

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Muratore, Thomas Joseph Jr. « LONG-TERM LAND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND THEIR EFFECT ON SOIL HEALTH AND CROP PRODUCTIVITY ». UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_etds/115.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Agricultural intensification reliant on monocrops could change soil health in a way that does not support maximum crop productivity. Twenty-nine-year-old no-till field plots at the University of Kentucky Spindletop research farm showed a significant reduction in corn yields from continuous corn plots compared to those from plots in various types of rotation. The objective of this study was to determine what role soil microbes might play in yield reduction and how management and time effects microbial community structure. Samples were collected from the following treatments: continuous corn (CC), continuous soybean (SS), a 2-year corn/soybean rotation (CCSS), Corn in rotation with soybean with winter wheat cover (C/W/S), and sod controls (SOD). Soil health-related parameters were determined along with microbial community structure using phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA). Results show that there is a strong seasonal dynamic in microbial communities with May, July and September showing the greatest differentiation between treatments. Nonparametric multidimensional analysis (NMDS) shows that microbial communities under SS, CC treatments were significantly different from the CS and CWS treatments across all four years of the study. My findings will prove useful for assessing the contribution of biological indicators to agroecosystem function and will aid in making recommendations of when and how to manage these parameters to improve soil health and maximize yield.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Palmer, Carol. « Reconstructing and interpreting ancient crop management practices : ethnobotanical investigations into traditional dryland farming in northern Jordan ». Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1994. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1809/.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

This study is an exploration of agricultural decision-making and an investigation into the effects of different crop management practices on weed composition. The aim of this research is to enable the reconstruction of ancient crop management practices from archaeological weed assemblages and to inform archaeological interpretation, i.e. to interpret what the identified ancient crop management practices may imply. This particular Investigation focuses on con temporary and recent 'traditional' farmers in northern Jordan. The first aspect of this study looks at agricultural practice and agricultural decision making. In order to sustain agricultural production farmers rotate their crops - typically with a period of bare, or cultivated, fallow. The choice of crop rotation regime (and indeed, how crops are managed during the agricultural year) is affected not only by environmental factors but also by cultural and social factors. For example, contemporary farmers who own livestock often cultivate legume crops rather than practice fallow between wheat years. On the other hand, short-falls in labour can result in the elimination of legumes from a crop rotation regime. In the past 60 years, the system of land tenure in the study area has profoundly changed - from communal to private ownership - and this also has affected crop management practices. The implications of these observations for archaeological Interpretation are assessed. The second aspect of this study examines the way different crop management practices affect weed composition. Although the main factor affecting weed composition was found to be vegetation zone, there was also some indication that crop management practices do indeed affect weed composition, but further substantiation is required. There is evidence that cultivated fallow favours the presence of weeds which can germinate in either autumn or spring whilst continuous cultivation encourages the establishment of perennial weeds. In both cases, tilage - the number of episodes and the timing of the operations - would seem to be the key factor. The way these results can be developed in the future are discussed.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Huang, Xuewen. « Analysis of effects of soil properties, topographical variables and management practices on spatial-temporal variability of crop yields ». Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Jordan, Daniel L. « IMPACT OF HIGH-INPUT PRODUCTION PRACTICES ON SOYBEAN YIELD ». UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/36.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

High-input management practices are often heavily marketed to producers to increase soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.] yield in already high-yielding environments. Field research was conducted in three locations within 6 states (Arkansas, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, and Minnesota) in 2009 to determine the effect of seed treatment, inoculant, foliar fungicide, additional soil fertility beyond state recommendations, foliar fertilizer, increased population over state recommendations, and narrow row spacing on yield. The high-input system (combination of the management practices) yielded higher than standard-input system (University recommended management practices) in only 8 of the 18 locations. Narrow rows, in both the high and standard-input systems, only increased yield in 4 locations. Inoculant did not increase yield at any location. Foliar fertilizer application and seed treatment increased yield in one location each. The additional soil fertility and fungicide application increased yield in two locations each. The increased population increased yields in 3 of the 18 locations; while an additional fungicide application at R5 only increased yield in 1 location. Foliar fertilizers at rates above commercial use did not increase soybean yield in Kentucky in 2008 or 2009. High-input production practices were largely unsuccessful at increasing soybean yield in these studies.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

McHenry, Bailey Marie. « Balanced nutrition and crop production practices for the study of grain sorghum nutrient partitioning and closing yield gaps ». Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32725.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Master of Science
Agronomy
Ignacio Ciampitti
P. V. Vara Prasad
Mid-west grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) producers are currently obtaining much lower than attainable yields across varying environments, therefore, closing yield gaps will be important. Yield gaps are the difference between maximum economic attainable yield and current on-farm yields. Maximum economic yield can be achieved through the optimization of utilizing the best genotypes and management practices for the specific site-environment (soil-weather) combination. This research project examines several management factors in order to quantify complex farming interactions for maximizing sorghum yields and studying nutrient partitioning. The factors that were tested include narrow row-spacing (37.5 cm) vs. standard wide row-spacing (76 cm), high (197,600 seeds haˉ¹) and low (98,800 seeds haˉ¹) seeding rates, balanced nutrient management practices including applications of NPKS and micronutrients (Fe and Zn), crop protection with fungicide and insecticide, the use of a plant growth regulator, and the use of precision Ag technology (GreenSeeker for N application). This project was implemented at four sites in Kansas during 2014 (Rossville, Scandia, Ottawa, and Hutchinson) and 2015 (Topeka, Scandia, Ottawa, Ashland Bottoms) growing seasons. Results from both years indicate that irrigation helped to minimize yield variability and boost yield potential across all treatments, though other factors affected the final yield. In 2014, the greatest significant yield difference under irrigation in Rossville, KS (1.32 Mg haˉ¹) was documented between the ‘low-input’ versus the ‘high-input’ treatments. The treatment difference in grain sorghum yields in 2014 was not statistically significant. In 2014, the Ottawa site experienced drought-stress during reproductive stages of plant development, which resulted in low yields and was not influenced by the cropping system approach. In 2015 the treatments were significant, and in Ottawa, narrow row spacing at a lower seeding rate maximized yield for this generally low-yielding environment (<6 Mg haˉ¹) (treatment two at 6.26 vs. treatment ten at 4.89 Mg haˉ¹). Across several sites, including Rossville, Hutchinson, Scandia, Topeka, and Ashland, a similar trend of narrow row spacing promoting greater yields has been documented. Additionally, when water was not limiting sorghum yields (i.e., under irrigation), a balanced nutrient application and optimization of production practices did increase grain sorghum yields (‘high-input’ vs. ‘low-input’; the greatest difference was seen in 2014 in Rossville, 1.2 Mg haˉ¹, and in 2015 in Ashland, 1.98 Mg haˉ¹). In the evaluation of nutrient uptake and partitioning in different plant fractions, there was variability across all site-years which did not always follow the same patterns as the yield, however, the low-input treatment was shown to have significantly lower nutrient uptakes across all the nutrients evaluated (N, P, K, S, Fe, Zn) and across most fractions and sampling times. The objectives of this project were to identify management factors that contributed to high sorghum yields in diverse environments, and to investigate nutrient uptake and partitioning under different environments and crop production practices.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Nishigaki, Tomohiro. « Improvement of Water- and Nutrient-Use Efficiency with Optimum Agricultural Management Practices in Upland Cropping Systems in Morogoro, Tanzania ». Kyoto University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/228243.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Sebetha, Erick Tshivetsi. « Evaluation of yield and protein content ot two cowpea cultivars grown under diferent management practices ». Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/579.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Thesis (M.Sc. (Horticulture)) --University of Limpopo, 2009
Field experiments were conducted at the University of Limpopo experimental farm, Syferkuil during 2005/06 and 2006/07 production seasons. This was initiated to examine the effect of leaf removal on cowpea biomass, protein content and grain yield under sole and binary cultures. Treatments consisted of cowpea varieties (Pan 311 and Red caloona), cropping systems (sole and intercropping) and cowpea-leaf pruning regimes (pruning and un-pruned). Sweet corn was planted, as a component crop in the intercropped plots while sole sweet corn plot was included as a treatment. All treatment combinations were laid out as Randomize complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates. Supplementary irrigation was carried out during the plant growth period. Fully expanded leaves were harvested once on all cowpea plants in the two middle rows from designated plots at seven weeks after planting for each year. Growth and yield data were collected from component crops during the course of the trial while the protein content of harvested leaves and immature pods as well as the different cowpea plant parts at harvest were determined. Results of the study revealed that leaves of cowpea variety, Pan 311 harvested prior to the reproductive stage had significantly higher protein content than those of Red caloona. Protein content of immature Pan 311 pods had higher (18.8 to 25.1%) than Red caloona (17.9 to 20.7%) during both planting seasons. The percent protein content of cowpea stem obtained at harvest for Pan 311 varied between 9.3 and 9.4%, and between 9.9 and 12.3% for Red caloona during both planting seasons. Grain yield obtained for Pan 311 and Red caloona were 1703.7 kg ha-1 and 1479.8 kg ha-1, respectively during 2005/06 and 1290.7 kg ha-1 and 511.7 kg ha-1 respectively during 2006/07 planting seasons. Sweet corn intercropped with Red caloona during both planting seasons had higher average grain yield than when intercropped with Pan 311. Although intercropping decreased the partial land equivalent ratio (LER) value of individual component crops, the combined LER values of between 1.1 and 2.3 under intercrop for the different treatment combinations implies that the practice is advantageous. The results of post harvest soil analyses revealed that topsoil has the pH value of 7.11-7.29 indicating neutral soil while subsoil pH value of 6.27-6.91 indicated slightly acidic to neutral soil during both planting seasons. Based on the findings of this study, cowpea variety Pan 311 can be recommended as a better vegetable crop than Red caloona since it has higher leaf and immature pod protein content. It also had higher grain yield than Red caloona when intercropped with sweet corn. Sweet corn had high grain yield when intercropped with Red caloona than when intercropped with Pan 311. Keywords: Cropping systems, protein content, grain yields, leaf pruning and cowpea.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Plus de sources

Livres sur le sujet "Crop management practices"

Reddy, Belum V. S. Sweet sorghum crop production and management practices. Hyderabad : International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, 2012.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Singh, Diwan. SW monsoon based contingent crop management practices for Haryana. Hisar : AICRP on Agrometeorology, Department of Agril Meteorology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, 2010.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Maloney, Thomas R. A survey of human resource management practices in florist crop production firms. Ithaca, N.Y : Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, 1992.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

United States. Soil Conservation Service, dir. Conservation practices to protect water quality. [Washington, D.C.?] : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1993.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Merritt, Padgitt, et United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Economic Research Service, dir. Production practices for major crops in U.S. Agriculture, 1990-97. [Washington, D.C.] : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 2000.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Agency, International Atomic Energy, dir. Management practices for improving sustainable crop production in tropical acid soils : Results of a coordinated research project. Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency, 2006.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Agency, International Atomic Energy, dir. Nutrient and water management practices for increasing crop production in rainfed arid/semi-arid areas : Proceedings of a coordinated research project. Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency, 2005.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Singh, Kamal Gurmit. Best management practices for drip irrigated crops. Waretown, NJ : Apple Academic Press, 2015.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Tim, Osborn C., et United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Economic Research Service. Resources and Technology Division., dir. A preliminary assessment of the integrated crop management practice. Washington, DC : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Resources and Technology Division, 1994.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Jeanette, Clarke, et Zimbabwe. Forestry Commission. Division of Research & Development., dir. Building on indigenous natural resource management : Forestry practices in Zimbabwe's communal lands. Harare, Zimbabwe : Published by Earthware Pub. Services on behalf of the Research and Development Division of the Forestry Commission, 1994.

Trouver le texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Plus de sources

Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Crop management practices"

Egli, Dennis B. « Crop management : principles and practices. » Dans Applied crop physiology : understanding the fundamentals of grain crop management, 89–123. Wallingford : CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245950.0004.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Abstract This chapter discusses planting-seed quality, variety selection, plant population, planting date and row spacing. The goal of crop management is to create the perfect environment for the growth of the crop, where the perfect environment is characterized by the absence of stress or other factors that reduce crop growth and yield. This goal may be impossible or uneconomical to achieve, but that does not detract from its usefulness as a goal. The management practices discussed in this chapter are fundamental components of grain production systems that contribute to reaching the goal of the perfect environment. There are many management options available to an individual producer; selecting the best combination is not always easy and it may be constrained by factors outside the realm of the physiological processes controlling crop yield.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Thierfelder, Christian. « Land management through conservation agriculture and associated practices. » Dans Sustainable agricultural intensification : a handbook for practitioners in East and Southern Africa, 80–90. Wallingford : CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800621602.0006.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Abstract This chapter presents conservation agriculture, which can help smallholder farmers build better resilience to the consequences of climate change and variable weather (including persistent droughts and unseasonal dry spells). It addresses challenges to crop productivity and profitability while promoting sustainable land use and supporting ecosystem services. Conservation agriculture is based on the principles of minimum soil disturbance, crop residue retention, and crop rotation.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Ruley, J. A. « Crop Residue Management Practices for Sustaining Soil Health ». Dans Zero Waste Management Technologies, 213–26. Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57275-3_10.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Pampaniya, Nirav, Mukesh K. Tiwari, Vijay J. Patel, M. B. Patel, P. K. Parmar, Sateesh Karwariya, Shruti Kanga et Suraj Kumar Singh. « Estimation of Crop Coefficients Using Landsat-8 Remote Sensing Image at Field Scale for Maize Crop ». Dans Geospatial Practices in Natural Resources Management, 463–77. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38004-4_21.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Bazza, M. « Improving irrigation management practices with water-deficit irrigation ». Dans Crop Yield Response to Deficit Irrigation, 49–70. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4752-1_4.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Narayanasamy, P. « Cultural Practices Influencing Biological Management of Crop Diseases ». Dans Biological Management of Diseases of Crops, 9–56. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6377-7_2.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Scordia, Danilo, Giorgio Testa et Salvatore L. Cosentino. « Crop Physiology in Relation to Agronomic Management Practices ». Dans Kenaf : A Multi-Purpose Crop for Several Industrial Applications, 17–43. London : Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5067-1_2.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Randall, G. W. « Best Management Practices for Efficient Nitrogen Use in Minnesota ». Dans Proceedings of Soil Specific Crop Management, 255–68. Madison, WI, USA : American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/1993.soilspecificcrop.c20.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Poetzsch, Marc, et Zheng Han. « New Game : Should the Multinational Crop Protection Company CPG Enter China’s M-Commerce Market ? » Dans Management Practices in Asia, 63–81. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19662-2_6.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Ali, Muhammad Arif, Fariha Ilyas, Subhan Danish, Ghulam Mustafa, Niaz Ahmed, Sajjad Hussain, Muhammad Arshad et Shakeel Ahmad. « Soil Management and Tillage Practices for Growing Cotton Crop ». Dans Cotton Production and Uses, 9–30. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1472-2_2.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Crop management practices"

Whigham, Keith. « Recommended Practices for Soybean Management ». Dans Proceedings of the 10th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-670.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Duffy, Michael. « Iowa Cropping Practices, 1996 ». Dans Proceedings of the 1995 Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-582.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Lundvall, John P. « Management Practices for Improved Soybean Profits ». Dans Proceedings of the 10th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-651.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Hartzler, Bob. « Adaptation of Weeds to Management Practices ». Dans Proceedings of the 13th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-738.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Duffy, Michael, et Matthew Ernst. « 1998 Iowa Cropping Practices ». Dans Proceedings of the 10th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-646.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Conley, Shawn P., et Judith B. Santini. « Crop Management Practices in Indiana Soybean Production Systems ? » Dans Proceedings of the 16th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-838.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Doll, Jerry. « Old and New Weed Management Practices in Alfalfa ». Dans Proceedings of the First Annual Crop Production and Protection Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-357.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Lasley, Paul. « Iowa Farmers' Practices and Opinions About Lisa ». Dans Proceedings of the 28th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-292.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Helmers, Matthew J. « Nutrient reduction strategy : One farm, many practices ». Dans Proceedings of the 24th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-130.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Al-Kaisi, Mahdi. « Best management practices for sustaining yield and soil quality ». Dans Proceedings of the 24th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-131.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Crop management practices"

McNairn, H., D. Wood, Q. H. J. Gwyn, R. J. Brown et F. Charbonneau. Mapping Tillage and Crop Residue Management Practices with RADARSAT. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/219178.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Rawitz, Eliahu, J. F. Power, Amos Hadas, Wallace W. Wilhelm, Dan Wolf et Yona Chen. Tillage and Crop Residue Management Practices for Improved Crop Production and Soil Structure Maintenance. United States Department of Agriculture, avril 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1985.7566585.bard.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Michel, Joshua. Understanding How Cereal Rye Cover Crop Best Management Practices Influence Biomass Accumulation and Corn Yield. Ames (Iowa) : Iowa State University, août 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/cc-20240624-1529.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Portz, Dennis N., et Gail R. Nonnecke. Influence of Cover Crop Rotation and Conventional Management Practices on Strawberry Plant Growth and Weed Growth. Ames : Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2553.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Kliewer, Mark, Shimon Lavee et J. A. Wolpert. Integrated Canopy Management Practices for Optimizing Vine Micro-Climate, Crop Yield, and Quality of Table and Wine Grapes. United States Department of Agriculture, août 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1991.7695832.bard.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Portz, Dennis N., et Gail R. Nonnecke. How Pretreatment Cover Crop and Conventional Management Practices Affect Strawberry Plant Growth and Yield, Pest Populations, and Soil Characteristics. Ames : Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-326.

Texte intégral

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Pérez Pazos, Jazmín, Lily Luna Castellanos et Oscar Burbano Figueroa. Biomass accumulation response of cassava (Manihot esculenta C.) to NPK fertilization and biofertilizers in two soil types under greenhouse conditions. Corporación colombiana de investigación agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.poster.2018.2.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Cassava is one of the agricultural products of importance to food security in most developing countries. 50% of national production is concentrated in the Caribbean region, however, yields are low, as a consequence of the poor level of technification of the crop (MADR, 2006). The validation of practices associated with fertilization and the use of beneficial microorganisms is one of the alternatives to be included in the integrated management strategies of the crop.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Heitman, Joshua L., Alon Ben-Gal, Thomas J. Sauer, Nurit Agam et John Havlin. Separating Components of Evapotranspiration to Improve Efficiency in Vineyard Water Management. United States Department of Agriculture, mars 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594386.bard.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Vineyards are found on six of seven continents, producing a crop of high economic value with much historic and cultural significance. Because of the wide range of conditions under which grapes are grown, management approaches are highly varied and must be adapted to local climatic constraints. Research has been conducted in the traditionally prominent grape growing regions of Europe, Australia, and the western USA, but far less information is available to guide production under more extreme growing conditions. The overarching goal of this project was to improve understanding of vineyard water management related to the critical inter-row zone. Experiments were conducted in moist temperate (North Carolina, USA) and arid (Negev, Israel) regions in order to address inter-row water use under high and low water availability conditions. Specific objectives were to: i) calibrate and verify a modeling technique to identify components of evapotranspiration (ET) in temperate and semiarid vineyard systems, ii) evaluate and refine strategies for excess water removal in vineyards for moist temperate regions of the Southeastern USA, and iii) evaluate and refine strategies for water conservation in vineyards for semi-arid regions of Israel. Several new measurement and modeling techniques were adapted and assessed in order to partition ET between favorable transpiration by the grapes and potentially detrimental water use within the vineyard inter-row. A micro Bowen ratio measurement system was developed to quantify ET from inter-rows. The approach was successful at the NC site, providing strong correlation with standard measurement approaches and adding capability for continuous, non-destructive measurement within a relatively small footprint. The environmental conditions in the Negev site were found to limit the applicability of the technique. Technical issues are yet to be solved to make this technique sufficiently robust. The HYDRUS 2D/3D modeling package was also adapted using data obtained in a series of intense field campaigns at the Negev site. The adapted model was able to account for spatial variation in surface boundary conditions, created by diurnal canopy shading, in order to accurately calculate the contribution of interrow evaporation (E) as a component of system ET. Experiments evaluated common practices in the southeastern USA: inter-row cover crops purported to reduce water availability and thereby favorably reduce grapevine vegetative growth; and southern Israel: drip irrigation applied to produce a high value crop with maximum water use efficiency. Results from the NC site indicated that water use by the cover crop contributed a significant portion of vineyard ET (up to 93% in May), but that with ample rainfall typical to the region, cover crop water use did little to limit water availability for the grape vines. A potential consequence, however, was elevated below canopy humidity owing to the increased inter-row evapotranspiration associated with the cover crops. This creates increased potential for fungal disease occurrence, which is a common problem in the region. Analysis from the Negev site reveals that, on average, E accounts for about10% of the total vineyard ET in an isolated dripirrigated vineyard. The proportion of ET contributed by E increased from May until just before harvest in July, which could be explained primarily by changes in weather conditions. While non-productive water loss as E is relatively small, experiments indicate that further improvements in irrigation efficiency may be possible by considering diurnal shading effects on below canopy potential ET. Overall, research provided both scientific and practical outcomes including new measurement and modeling techniques, and new insights for humid and arid vineyard systems. Research techniques developed through the project will be useful for other agricultural systems, and the successful synergistic cooperation amongst the research team offers opportunity for future collaboration.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Gerstl, Zev, Thomas L. Potter, David Bosch, Timothy Strickland, Clint Truman, Theodore Webster, Shmuel Assouline, Baruch Rubin, Shlomo Nir et Yael Mishael. Novel Herbicide Formulations for Conservation-Tillage. United States Department of Agriculture, juin 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7591736.bard.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

The overall objective of this study was to develop, optimize and evaluate novel formulations, which reduce herbicide leaching and enhance agronomic efficacy. Numerous studies have demonstrated that CsT promotes environmental quality and enhances sustainable crop production, yet continued use of CsT-practices appears threatened unless cost effective alternative weed control practices can be found. The problem is pressing in the southern portion of the Atlantic Coastal Plain region of the eastern USA where cotton and peanut are produced extensively. This research addressed needs of the region’s farmers for more effective weed control practices for CsT systems. HUJI: CRFs for sulfentrazone and metolachlor were developed and tested based on their solubilizion in cationic micelles and adsorption of the mixed micelles on montmorillonite. A better understanding of solubilizing anionic and nonionic organic molecules in cationic micelles was reached. Both CRFs demonstrated controlled release compared to the commercial formulations. A bioassay in soil columns determined that the new sulfentrazone and metolachlor CRFs significantly improve weed control and reduced leaching (for the latter) in comparison with the commercial formulations. ARO: Two types of CRFs were developed: polymer-clay beads and powdered formulations. Sand filter experiments were conducted to determine the release of the herbicide from the CRFs. The concentration of metolachlor in the initial fractions of the effluent from the commercial formulation reached rather high values, whereas from the alginate-clay formulations and some of the powdered formulations, metolachlor concentrations were low and fairly constant. The movement of metolachlor through a sandy soil from commercial and alginate-clay formulations showed that the CRFs developed significantly reduced the leaching of metolachlor in comparison to the commercial formulation. Mini-flume and simulated rainfall studies indicated that all the CRFs tested increased runoff losses and decreased the amount of metolachlor found in the leachate. ARS: Field and laboratory investigations were conducted on the environmental fate and weed control efficacy of a commercially available, and two CRFs (organo-clay and alginate-encapsulated) of the soil-residual herbicide metolachlor. The environmental fate characteristics and weed control efficacy of these products were compared in rainfall simulations, soil dissipations, greenhouse efficacy trials, and a leaching study. Comparisons were made on the basis of tillage, CsT, and conventional, i.e no surface crop residue at planting (CT). Strip-tillage (ST), a commonly used form of CsT, was practiced. The organo-clay and commercial metolachlor formulations behaved similarly in terms of wash off, runoff, soil dissipation and weed control efficacy. No advantage of the organo-clay over the commercial metolachlor was observed. Alginate encapsulated metolachlor was more promising. The dissipation rate for metolachlor when applied in the alginate formulation was 10 times slower than when the commercial product was used inferring that its use may enhance weed management in cotton and peanut fields in the region. In addition, comparison of alginate and commercial formulations showed that ST can effectively reduce the runoff threat that is commonly associated with granular herbicide application. Studies also showed that use of the alginate CRF has the potential to reduce metolachlor leaching. Overall study findings have indicated that use of granular herbicide formulations may have substantial benefit for ST-system weed management for cotton and peanut production under Atlantic Coastal Plain conditions in the southeastern USA. Commercial development and evaluation at the farm scale appears warranted. Products will likely enhance and maintain CsT use in this and other regions by improving weed control options.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Dudley, Lynn M., Uri Shani et Moshe Shenker. Modeling Plant Response to Deficit Irrigation with Saline Water : Separating the Effects of Water and Salt Stress in the Root Uptake Function. United States Department of Agriculture, mars 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586468.bard.

Texte intégral

Résumé :

Standard salinity management theory, derived from blending thermodynamic and semi- empirical considerations leads to an erroneous perception regarding compensative interaction among salinity stress factors. The current approach treats matric and osmotic components of soil water potential separately and then combines their effects to compute overall response. With deficit water a severe yield decrease is expected under high salinity, yet little or no reduction is predicted for excess irrigation, irrespective of salinity level. Similarly, considerations of competition between chloride and nitrate ions have lead to compensation hypothesis and to application of excess nitrate under saline conditions. The premise of compensative interaction of growth factors behind present practices (that an increase in water application alleviates salinity stress) may result in collateral environmental damage. Over-irrigation resulting in salinization and elevated ground water threatens productivity on a global scale. Other repercussions include excessive application of nitrate to compensate for salinity, unwillingness to practice deficit irrigation with saline water, and under-utilization of marginal water. The objectives for the project were as follows: 1) To develop a database for model parameterization and validation by studying yield and transpiration response to water availability, excessive salinity and salt composition. 2) To modify the root sink terms of an existing mechanism-based model(s) of water flow, transpiration, crop yield, salt transport, and salt chemistry. 3) To develop conceptual and quantitative models of ion uptake that considers the soil solution concentration and composition. 4) To develop a conceptual and quantitative models of effects of NaCl and boron accumulation on yield and transpiration. 5) To add a user interface to the water flow, transpiration, crop yield, salt transport, chemistry model to make it easy for others to use. We conducted experiments in field plots and lysimeters to study biomass production and transpiration of com (Zeamays cv. Jubilee), melon (Cucumismelo subsp. melo cv. Galia), tomato (Lycopersiconesculentum Mill. cv. 5656), onion (Alliumcepa L. cv. HA 944), and date palms (Phoenix Dactylifera L. cv. Medjool) under salinity combined with water or with nitrate (growth promoters) or with boron (growth inhibitor). All factors ranged from levels not limiting to plant function to severe inhibition. For cases of combined salinity with water stress, or excess boron, we observed neither additive nor compensative effects on plant yield and transpiration. In fact, yield and transpiration at each combination of the various factors were primarily controlled by one of them, the most limiting factor to plant activity. We proposed a crop production model of the form Yr = min{gi(xi), where Yr = Yi ym-1 is relative yield,Ym is the maximum yield obtained in each experiment, Xi is an environmental factor, gi is a piecewise-linear response function, Yi is yield of a particular treatment. We selected a piecewise-linear approach because it highlights the irrigation level where the response to one factor ceases and a second factor begins. The production functions generate response "envelopes" containing possible yields with diagonal lines represent response to Xi alone and the lines parallel to the X-axis represent response to salinity alone. A multiplicative model was also derived approximating the limiting behaviour for incorporation in a hydrochemical model. The multiplicative model was selected because the response function was required to be continuous. The hydrochemical model was a better predictor of field-measured water content and salt profiles than models based on an additive and compensative model of crop response to salinity and water stress.

Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Nous offrons des réductions sur tous les plans premium pour les auteurs dont les œuvres sont incluses dans des sélections littéraires thématiques. Contactez-nous pour obtenir un code promo unique!