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1
Houben, Marcus Franciscus Josef. « No blank cheque : how and why European States precondition their participation in international crisis management operations / ». [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb400662163.
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Koktsidis, P. I. « Geo-strategic conflict, violent radicalization and crisis management in South Eastern Europe : The Case of Fyr Macedonia ». Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517237.
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Silva, Vitor Hugo Crespo da. « Working capital management and financial constraints in Europe within different economic cycles ». Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16654.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Mestrado em Contabilidade, Fiscalidade e Finanças EmpresariaisO Fundo de Maneio Necessário (WCM) tem vindo a ganhar uma crescente importância ao longo dos anos, nos pontos de foco das estratégias das empresas. Especialmente, quando se considera a mais recente crise financeira e a sua principal consequência, a redução de liquidez providenciada pelas fontes de financiamento. Neste sentido, procuramos entender a relação entre o WCM e a performance das empresas não cotadas, medido através da Rendibilidade dos Capitais Próprios, considerando também a presença de constrangimentos de financiamento e a canalização de investimento entre activos alternativos. Usando uma amostra de 135.005 observações empresa-ano, aproximadamente 19.814 empresas de 25 países da União Europeia cobrindo o período de 2008-2017. Os nossos resultados mostram que empresas com maiores montantes de financiamento dedicados a Working Capital (WC) afectam negativamente a sua performance. De salientar que, as empresas que sintam maior pressão em obter liquidez internamente sofrem mais com pequenas alterações no investimento de WC. Concluímos também que, em períodos de crise, empresas com menores recursos que sejam possíveis ser usados como colateral apresentam maior risco de prejudicar a sua rendibilidade ao aumentarem os montantes dedicados a WC. Finalmente, em períodos de crise, o efeito negativo na performance proveniente de investir em WC, enquanto financiam também outros activos, é atenuado devido à diminuição de oportunidades de investimento nestes últimos.
Working Capital Management (WCM) elevated its importance throughout the years in the companies strategies focus. Specially, when considering the recent financial crisis and its main consequence: the reduction of liquidity provided by financing sources. In this sense, this paper examines the relation between WCM and unlisted firms corporate performance, measured by Return on Equity, while considering the presence of financial constraints and the channeling of investment between alternative assets. Using a sample of 135.005 unlisted firm-year observations, approximately 19.814 firms from 25 countries of the European Union over the period of 2008-2017. We show that firms with greater amounts of financing reserved to Working Capital (WC) affect negatively their performance. Importantly, when considering firms which are more distressed in the availability of internal finance, will suffer more the impact on their profitability derived by smaller changes in the investment in WC. We also exhibit that, in periods of crisis, firms with lower resources to use as collateral have more risk of harming their performance by increasing the amount of financing dedicated to WC. Finally, in periods of crisis, the negative effect on performance of investing in WC while having cash tied in other assets is diminished due to the tightening of investment opportunities in the latter assets.
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4
Bugai, Veaceslav D. « European security organizations in the post-Cold-War security environment the new frame of European security ». Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Mar%5FBugai.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Civil-Military Relations))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2006.Thesis Advisor(s): Donald Abenheim. "March 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-74). Also available online.
5
Ramos, Stephanie C. « A Structural Analysis of the European Monetary Union and its Effect on Greece in Light of the European Financial Crisis ». Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/239.
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The intent of this paper is to analyze the structural composition of the European Monetary Union and its implications for the European Financial Crisis, specifically with respect to Greece. This analysis will be driven by a trend analysis of several economic variables from 1999-2010. These variables range from the four requirements set under the Maastricht criteria, competitiveness indicators, and relative European trade balances, to international investment position. A quantitative and empirical analysis of this data finds that the Greek crisis was a result of structural issues with the EMU and the Greek government. The ECB’s inability to enforce the Maastricht Criteria and independent fiscal policy, as well as Greece’s inability to implement efficient fiscal and economic policy, resulted in growing imbalances within the Euro area, as well as a loss of competitiveness and irresponsible rise in sovereign debt for Greece. It is inferred that the EMU was ineffective in achieving its goals of integration; that Greece was not ready to join the EMU when it did; and therefore Greece as a Member State of the EMU was destined to fail.
6
Lindley, Daniel A. (Daniel Allen) 1961. « Transparency and the effectiveness of security regimes : a study of Concert of Europe crisis management and United Nations peacekeeping ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10036.
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Ivanovski, Hristijan. « A common defence for Europe ». Israel Defence, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31255.
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One of the major analytical shortcomings regularly made by EU and NATO experts today lies with exclusively seeing the European defence project as a post-World War II (WWII) phenomenon and the EU’s Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) as mainly a post-Cold War product. No analyst has so far seriously explored the idea of European defence predating WWII and the 20th century. Instead, since 1999 one frequently reads and hears about the ‘anomalous,’ ‘elusive’ CSDP suddenly complicating transatlantic relations. But the CSDP is hardly an oddity or aberration, and it is certainly not as mysterious as some might suggest. Drawing extensively from primary sources and predicated on an overarching evolutionist approach, this thesis shows that the present CSDP is an ephemeral security and defence concept, only the latest of its kind and full of potential. Drawing its deepest ideational roots from the (pre-)Enlightenment era, the CSDP leads to a pan-European defence almost irreversibly. A common defence for Europe is quite possible and, due to the growing impact of the exogenous (multipolar) momentum, can be realized sooner rather than later even without a full-fledged European federation.May 2016
8
Shimizu, Shu. « The battle of economic ideas : a critical analysis of financial crisis management discourse in the UK, 2007-8 ». Thesis, University of Essex, 2016. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/16259/.
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This thesis contributes to our understanding of the financial crisis as it played itself out in the UK. The onset of the crisis provoked multiple diagnoses and interpretations of the crisis. Pre-dominant economic understandings of the crisis minimised its significance, suggesting that the natural operation of market mechanisms would enable the economic system to self-correct spontaneously and rapidly. As the economic situation worsened, however, other interpretations gained ground. From this perspective, the crisis was an event that exposed the limits of the highly financialised status of our economy, presenting policy makers with the opportunity to roll back the financialisation. The eventual non-realisation of this financial ‘roll-back’ is the starting point of many studies, and my thesis can be said to contribute to this literature in a modest way. Its main focus is the battle of economic ideas in elite policy-making circles in the UK. What is often missing from critical narratives of the crisis period is a detailed account of the dynamic interplay of competing interpretations of the crisis at crucial conjunctural moments by key agencies and figures animating the crisis drama in the UK context. These battles are ‘battles of ideas’ in the sense that they refer to competing characterisations of the unfolding events, as well as competing policy and regulatory proposals designed to manage the crisis, rooted in competing economic doctrines, espoused by different actors occupying hegemonic positions of the UK elite finance and media establishment. Although these battles were often fought with great intensity and urgency, there was an internal complexity to the dynamic of these battles that often gets glossed over in accounts of this period. I suggest that ‘reactivating’ this period in detail and with nuance is helpful in showing not only the manner in which ‘neoliberal finance’ has managed to survive the crisis largely intact despite the general expectation of its end but also in pointing to the challenges faced by those who wish its end. Three key conjunctural moments are chosen as the focus of my empirical analysis: the Great Crunch in the Summer of 2007, the Run on the Rock in the Autumn of 2007, and the Lehman Shock in the Autumn of 2008. I articulate a novel theoretical approach and research strategy, drawing on poststructuralist discourse theories. I deploy this approach in a close and systematic analysis of UK elite narratives on economic management, my corpus comprising the discourse produced by official political and economic institutions and agents, including professional economists, as well as narratives found in the broadsheet press more generally. Qualitative interpretative techniques are used to probe the justifications informing a range of bailout and regulatory policy proposals, in order to characterize in a unique and original manner the discursive battles at each one of the conjunctures. My empirical investigation reveals how the battle of economic ideas played itself out politically and ideologically in such a way as to leave neoliberal finance largely unperturbed. While anti-interventionist and interventionist proposals were frequently thematised and debated, these exchanges did not end up challenging the neoliberal finance character of our economy. Moreover, while my findings reveal a clear shift of emphasis in the centre of gravity of elite policy debates when moving from the Great Crunch to the Rock Run (the focus shifting from bailouts to regulation), the legal reforms announced following the Lehman Shock were understood to be largely temporary measures designed to calm and stabilise the markets rather than challenge neoliberal finance. More radical proposals were not taken seriously in the mainstream policy making community, and I argue that this is in part due to the hegemonic sway of neoliberal finance within this context. In order to contribute to the broader question of why neoliberal finance survived the crisis, it is essential to have a clear picture of how the detail and dynamics of the battle of ideas in the early period of the crisis unfolded, including a clear picture of the main actors, the discursive coalitions within which they operated, and the economic doctrines they appealed to when debating the scale of the crisis and the state management of the crisis. It is at this level that my thesis contributes to an overall account of the ‘non-death’ of neoliberal finance.
9
Gomes, Ivo Filipe Gonçalves. « Real earnings management : state-owned vs non-state-owned companies ». Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17573.
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Mestrado em Contabilidade, Fiscalidade e Finanças EmpresariaisO propósito deste estudo é analisar o grau de gestão de resultados com base em operações reais nas empresas estatais e não estatais, tendo em consideração os potênciais efeitos de períodos de crise. A amostra é composta de 15.147 empresas, 995 das quais estatais, de 22 países euopeus, 8 setores de indústria e durante os anos de 2008 a 2017. De acordo com a metodologia desenvolvida por Roychowdhury (2006), os resultados demonstram que as empresas privadas praticam mais gestão de resultados com base em operações reais, quando comparadas com as empresas não estatais. Adicionalmente, a dimensão, o endividamento e as oportunidades de crescimento de uma empresa foram vistas como fatores de influencia na pratica de gestão de resultados. Finalmente, os resultados demonstram que os períodos de crise têm uma influência positiva na prática de gestão de resultados.
The study has the purpose of analysing the degree of real earnings management in state and non-state-owned firms, taking into account the potential effects of crisis periods. The sample is composed of 15.147 companies, 995 state-owned and 14.152 non-state-owned, from 22 European countries and 8 industry sectors, from the years of 2008 to 2017. Following the Roychowdhury (2006) methodology the results show that state-owned firms have a higher degree of real earnings management when compared with non-state-owned. Additionally, the size, debt and growth opportunities were seen to influence the practice of real earnings management. Finally, the results show that the crisis periods have a positive influence on the practice of real earnings management.
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10
Papastathopoulos, Stavros. « Expanding the European Union's Petersberg tasks : requirements and capabilities / ». Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Jun%5FPapastathopoulos.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Defense Decision-Making and Planning)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2004.Thesis advisor(s): David S. Yost. Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-64). Also available online.
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FISOGNI, COSTANZO. « Il civilian crisis management nell'Unione Europea ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/120.
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La gestione civile delle crisi (GCC) si inserisce nel contesto della Politica Europea di Sicurezza e Difesa (PESD) che, a sua volta, è uno degli elementi della più ampia PESC (Politica Estera e di Sicurezza Comune). GCC, PESD e PESC sono componenti delle relazioni esterne dell'Unione europea (UE). La gestione civile delle crisi è una policy dell'UE la cui analisi richiede di rispondere a diversi quesiti teorico pratici: 1) cosa è esattamente la gestione civile delle crisi e a cosa essa corrisponde in ambito UE (Capitolo I); 2) quali sono le caratteristiche generali delle iniziative civili per il mantenimento della pace e della sicurezza internazionali realizzate dalle Nazioni Unite (NU), dall'Organizzazione per la Sicurezza e la Cooperazione in Europa (OSCE), dall'Unione dell'Europa Occidentale e dalla NATO (Capitolo I), 3) come si è sviluppata la GCC dal trattato di Maastricht a oggi (Capitolo II e Capitolo III); 4) come si concepisce, pianifica e lancia una missione di GCC (Capitolo iv); quali sono le missioni di GCC realizzate dall'UE dal 1997 al 2006 (capitolo v); 5) quale è la relazione tra PESC, PESD E GCC e il valore aggiunto della GCC dell'ue rispetto ad altre organizzazioni internazionali (Conclusioni)Civilian Crisis Management (CCM) is part of the European security and defence policy (ESDP), which is, on its own, an element of the broader common foreign and security policy (CFSP). CCM, ESDP and CFSP are tools of the external relations of the European Union (EU) . Civilian crisis management is a policy of the EU whose analysis requires both a theoretical and practical approach. It is indispensable to understand what civilian crisis management is, in general, and specifically in the framework of the European Union (Chapter I). Afterwards, some attention has been devoted to the investigation of the civilian crisis management initiatives of the United Nations (UN), of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), of the Western European Union (WEU) and of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (Chapter I). A further step in the understanding of the CCM of the EU is the evaluation of its historical evolution from the Treaty of Maastricht up to 2006 (Chapter II and III). It is also paramount to consider how CCM missions are designed, planned and deployed (Chapter IV) and which missions have been carried trough until 2006 (Chapter V). Finally, it has been evaluated which is the current relations in-between CCM, ESDP and CFSP and which is the added value of EU's CCM compared to the initiatives of other international organizations (Conclusions).
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FISOGNI, COSTANZO. « Il civilian crisis management nell'Unione Europea ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/120.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La gestione civile delle crisi (GCC) si inserisce nel contesto della Politica Europea di Sicurezza e Difesa (PESD) che, a sua volta, è uno degli elementi della più ampia PESC (Politica Estera e di Sicurezza Comune). GCC, PESD e PESC sono componenti delle relazioni esterne dell'Unione europea (UE). La gestione civile delle crisi è una policy dell'UE la cui analisi richiede di rispondere a diversi quesiti teorico pratici: 1) cosa è esattamente la gestione civile delle crisi e a cosa essa corrisponde in ambito UE (Capitolo I); 2) quali sono le caratteristiche generali delle iniziative civili per il mantenimento della pace e della sicurezza internazionali realizzate dalle Nazioni Unite (NU), dall'Organizzazione per la Sicurezza e la Cooperazione in Europa (OSCE), dall'Unione dell'Europa Occidentale e dalla NATO (Capitolo I), 3) come si è sviluppata la GCC dal trattato di Maastricht a oggi (Capitolo II e Capitolo III); 4) come si concepisce, pianifica e lancia una missione di GCC (Capitolo iv); quali sono le missioni di GCC realizzate dall'UE dal 1997 al 2006 (capitolo v); 5) quale è la relazione tra PESC, PESD E GCC e il valore aggiunto della GCC dell'ue rispetto ad altre organizzazioni internazionali (Conclusioni)Civilian Crisis Management (CCM) is part of the European security and defence policy (ESDP), which is, on its own, an element of the broader common foreign and security policy (CFSP). CCM, ESDP and CFSP are tools of the external relations of the European Union (EU) . Civilian crisis management is a policy of the EU whose analysis requires both a theoretical and practical approach. It is indispensable to understand what civilian crisis management is, in general, and specifically in the framework of the European Union (Chapter I). Afterwards, some attention has been devoted to the investigation of the civilian crisis management initiatives of the United Nations (UN), of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), of the Western European Union (WEU) and of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (Chapter I). A further step in the understanding of the CCM of the EU is the evaluation of its historical evolution from the Treaty of Maastricht up to 2006 (Chapter II and III). It is also paramount to consider how CCM missions are designed, planned and deployed (Chapter IV) and which missions have been carried trough until 2006 (Chapter V). Finally, it has been evaluated which is the current relations in-between CCM, ESDP and CFSP and which is the added value of EU's CCM compared to the initiatives of other international organizations (Conclusions).
13
Deidda, Elisabetta. « Bosnia and Herzegovina : A Migrant Hotspot at the Gates of Fortress Europe ». Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för migration, etnicitet och samhälle, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-166686.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis is a qualitative study focusing on the situation that has evolved in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) from the beginning of 2018, when migrants and refugees started entering the country in large numbers in the context of the so-called Balkan route. The approach adopted in the thesis is informed by critical studies emphasizing the asymmetries entailed in the emerging multilevel governance of migration. The European Union (EU), the BiH state, IOM, civil society, activists, and citizens, are inserted in a “situational map” presenting their inter-relations, and the potential of each to influence the situation of concern. This thesis analyses in details the role of the EU, which is implementing in BiH its security-informed approach to irregular migration through externalization and multilevelling strategies. Eight semi-structured interviews allow the investigation into the potential and challenges of a “governance from below”. The main argument of this thesis is that the EU, outsourcing its strategy to curb irregular migration to BiH, fails to address the humanitarian crisis that is developing there, besides mining the stability and democracy of the country.
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Hägerström, Emelie. « Behind the scenes of lockdowns and quarantines : A quantitative assessment of how legitimacy and capacity shaped early governmental responses to Covid-19 in European countries ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-432515.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis aims to gain insight to lockdowns and social distancing measures taken by European governments during the early period of the Covid-19 pandemic. Questions have been raised of whether the variations of responses can be systematically explained, which have so far received little attention in research. However, prior research has stressed the importance of government capacity and legitimacy for the facilitation of a crisis response. On the one hand, capacity to coordinate within governing authorities, and with external actors is crucial. On the other hand, emphasis is put on cultural factors, such as citizens’ trust in political institutions. Through a quantitative analysis of 30 European countries, this thesis maps the stringency of measures implemented by governments. Furthermore, utilizing an expert survey from SGI (Sustainable Governance Indicators) and the Eurobarometer survey (2019), this thesis asks how coordination capacity and political trust are associated with the maximum stringency of policy responses implemented by governments. Using bivariate and multivariate regressions, the models suggest that European countries with high coordination capacity are more likely to implement modest policy responses, while European countries with low coordination capacity are more likely to implement strict policy responses. A possible understanding is that countries with high coordination capacity weigh alternatives and address certain issues, instead of beating the drum all at once. As expected, there is a negative relationship between political trust and stringency of policy responses, but further research is needed to confirm this covariation. The complexity of the Coronavirus crisis complicates a comprehensive understanding of governmental responses. However, this thesis contributes with early insights and provides a piece of the puzzle as to why European governments have acted so differently.
15
Ahlin, Katarina, et Sanna Bredin. « European Aviation Crisis Management ». Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-104012.
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Our aim is to investigate and evaluate the efficiency of crisis management in European aviation, and to recommend enhancements. To fulfill this, we mapped the current crisis management plans and created a fictive scenario where a cyber-attack shut down the power at five of the major airports in Europe. Air traffic in Europe was reconstructed to a chosen day; the 16th of September 2013, and the reconstructed traffic situation was used in the scenario. We also created a model, for the purpose of showing the effect of a cut in time for the steps in the crisis management plan may have on the traffic waiting to depart at the closed airports. When using these means, we could implement the crisis management plans on the fictive scenario and make changes to the plans for a new implementation. The existing crisis management plans were compared to the modified plans made by us, and it was found that usage of a common platform for the different stakeholders involved in the crisis could improve the efficiency of the crisis management.
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Miró, Artigas Joan. « The EU’s management of the euro crisis : a discursive policy analysis ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669913.
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This thesis aims to characterise and analyse the political strategies pursued by the EU institutions and the national governments of its member states in order to manage the so-called European sovereign debt crisis (2009-2013). By relying on a discursive perspective on policy analysis, it departs from the basic analytical assumption that the development of the crisis was constructed through meaning-making practices: the nature of a crisis is never simply determined by ‘objective’ dislocations, but rather, amid the radical uncertainty provoked by the economic downturn, some actors imposed onto others their diagnosis of ‘what had gone wrong’ and thus ‘what had to be done’.
In the light of this perspective, four research questions guide the thesis: what were the main ideational underpinnings of the discursive construction of the euro crisis? Why did the ordoliberal construal of the crisis, at the centre of these underpinnings, become the dominant one at the EU level? How was the austerity-based management of the euro crisis legitimised despite the regressive, inefficient and unpopular consequences that this policy strategy implied? What have the main consequences been of the institutionalised discursive construction of the euro crisis for the economic governance of the European and Monetary Union? Overall, the research seeks to understand why the scale and depth of the Great Recession in the Eurozone was met with a commensurate revaluation of the pre-crisis modes of European integration.
In order to answer these questions, the thesis first describes and problematises the main policies and institutional reforms adopted in the EU in response to the euro crisis. Secondly, it identifies the signifying practices that led to the construction of the European sovereign debt crisis as a problem of ‘wasteful Southern states’ that required the application of austerity and internal devaluation measures. And thirdly, it explores the constitution of competing discursive coalitions on the basis of rival rhetorical strategies and political projects.
There are three main discursive strategies identified as key in providing the political conditions for possible austerity in the EU: the depoliticisation of economic – particularly budgetary – policy, the articulation of a discourse on social and economic development focused on the notion of competitiveness, and the deployment of anti-populist discourses in order to marginalise worries about fiscal consolidation programmes. The first three journal articles of the thesis – which is a compilation of articles, not a monograph – study each of these discursive articulations. The fourth departs slightly from the focus of the thesis; by relying on the policy learning approach, it analyses the development of the idea of austerity in the post-crisis context, and therefore studies the aftermath of the management of the euro crisis rather than its management as such.
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Tekfa, Yacine Hichem. « La résolution du conflit de l’Irlande du nord dans le cadre de la gestion civile des crises et du règlement des conflits en Europe 1972-2005 ». Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030037.
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Cette thèse porte sur les initiatives et les stratégies de recherches de solutions politiques au conflit nord-irlandais, engagées par les gouvernements britanniques et irlandais depuis les années 1970. L’enjeu est d’expliquer les possibilités de solutions en privilégiant l’angle d’approche de sortie du conflit, adopté par Londres, Belfast et Dublin. L’espoir de paix en Irlande du Nord s’amorce avec le cessez-le-feu de l’IRA de 1994 qui marque un tournant dans l’histoire du conflit. Dès lors, la recherche d’une issue est engagée dans la voie du compromis [partage des pouvoirs entre la minorité catholique et la majorité protestante et lutte contre les systèmes de discrimination et d’inégalités]. Avec l’engagement de ce processus de paix et l’implication de l’Union européenne, à travers des programmes de paix et de réconciliation va émerger un désir de réconciliation intercommunautaire [entre catholiques et protestants]. L’examen de l’Accord de paix du Vendredi Saint de 1998 a révélé que l’expérience nord-irlandaise fournit un mode opératoire de négociation de sortie du conflit par un compromis suis generis. Cette configuration de la paix multidimensionnelle est devenue une métaphore européenne sur les principes de prévention et de règlement des conflits. L’émergence d’un « paradigme » nord-irlandais constitue l’objet de cette étude sur les formes de mobilisation pour la paix et la prévention des conflits dans l’Union européenneThis thesis deals with political initiatives and efforts to achieve solutions to the Northern Irish conflict, by examining policies instituted by the British and Irish Governments since the 1970s. The purpose is to explain how possible solutions to the conflict were envisioned by focusing on differing approaches to conflict resolution as adopted by London, Belfast and Dublin. The hope for peace in Northern Ireland is interconnected with the ceasefire of the IRA in 1994 that marks a turning point in the history of the conflict. Therefore, the quest for a peaceful outcome involved engagement in the path of the compromise and power sharing between the Catholic minority and the Protestant majority as well as the fight against discrimination and inequality. With the commitment of this peace process, the involvement of the European Union through peace and reconciliation programmes helped to foster a desire for inter-community reconciliation. The examination of the Good Friday Agreement of 1998 reveals that the Northern Ireland experience provides a procedure to negotiate the end of the conflict by sui generis compromise. This multidimensional approach and configuration of peace process has become a European metaphor for conflict prevention and resolution principles. The object of this study is consequently to show the emergence of a Northern Irish « paradigm » that can provide the basis for forms of mobilization for peace and conflict prevention in the European Union
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Polat, Valentina <1994>. « Crisis Management nel settore ricettivo. Il caso Europa Tourist Group S.p.A ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/18852.
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L’elaborato parte da un’analisi della letteratura riguardante il Crisis Management e le sue applicazioni nel settore turistico, per poi concentrarsi sugli effetti della pandemia da SARS-CoV-2 a livello nazionale ed europeo con particolare attenzione al comparto ricettivo. Viene quindi presentato il caso di Europa Tourist Group, società che si occupa della vendita di servizi ricettivi e di real estate nelle destinazioni turistiche di Lignano Sabbiadoro e Bibione. Un capitolo è dedicato in particolare a due strutture di proprietà del Gruppo, di cui vengono esaminati l’andamento delle prenotazioni nel periodo marzo – settembre 2020 e le variazioni di fatturato rispetto agli anni precedenti. Infine, viene proposto un confronto tra le azioni commerciali intraprese dal Gruppo e da altri attori del settore per far fronte agli effetti del Covid-19.
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Bambi, Andrea <1995>. « Crisis-management in the European Union How emergency politics affect EU decision-making ». Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/20258.
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Dopo le riforme istituzionali attuate dal trattato di Lisbona, il processo decisionale nell'Unione europea (UE) è stato modificato in una certa misura. Sebbene la Commissione mantenga ancora il monopolio dell'iniziativa legislativa, il Consiglio Europeo ha rafforzato il suo controllo e la sua influenza sulla definizione dell'agenda – sia formale che informale – attraverso la creazione di una presidenza permanente (Bocquillon and Lobbels, 2014). Inoltre, il Parlamento Europeo (PE) ha ora un ruolo più rilevante nel processo legislativo. Infatti, le proposte legislative devono essere concordate sia dal PE che dal Consiglio dell'Unione Europea per essere convertite in legislazione, mentre prima del Trattato di Lisbona il PE aveva solo un ruolo consultivo (Verdun, 2013). Nel complesso, il Consiglio Europeo è stato descritto come un protagonista centrale nella governance dell'UE (Bulmer, 1996) e come il nuovo nucleo decisionale, essendo stato il principale destinatario del potere perso dalla Commissione nel corso dei decenni (Ponzano et al., 2012; Pollack, 1997). Questo passaggio di potere ha modificato il rapporto tra il Consiglio Europeo e la Commissione.
La ricerca su tale argomento ha messo in evidenza due paradigmi che descrivono questo fenomeno nel quadro decisionale: infatti, tale relazione può essere reciproca e cooperativa (Bulmer e Wessels, 1986; Wessels, 2008), oppure gerarchica, con il Consiglio Europeo che agisce come istituzione dominante (Moravcsik, 2002). Inoltre, la recente ricerca pionieristica di Bocquillon e Lobbels indica una possibile connessione diretta tra la presenza di un evento di focalizzazione o di una crisi internazionale con l'instaurarsi di un rapporto gerarchico dominato dal Consiglio Europeo, che è stato anche descritto come il gestore delle crisi in UE (Curtin, 2014). Basandosi sulle elaborazioni teoriche degli autori citati e sulla crescente tendenza verso una modalità di governance caratterizzata dal termine “emergency politics” (Honig, 2009; White, 2013), questa ricerca indagherà come le crisi influiscono sul processo decisionale e sulla definizione dell'agenda programmatica in Unione Europea. Innanzitutto, l’elaborato presenterà una sezione dedicata alla spiegazione delle metodologie analitiche utilizzate per la ricerca, nonché una rassegna delle principali ricerche finora effettuate sull’argomento in esame.
In seguito, presentando tre casi studio relativi alle crisi post-Lisbona – ovvero la crisi dell'Eurozona del 2009, la crisi dei rifugiati del 2015 e la crisi sanitaria innescata da SARS-CoV-2 nel 2020 – questa tesi esplorerà l'alterazione del processo decisionale in tempi di emergenza, al fine di valutare quanto esso esuli dal quadro normativo standard, e cercherà di definire che tipo di relazione emerge tra il Consiglio Europeo e la Commissione. Tale analisi verrà condotta attraverso la presentazione del quadro legislativo attuale, e tramite la comparazione dei rapporti di potere tra le due istituzioni. Una parte della ricerca verrà inoltre dedicata alla discussione circa i principali termini che riguardano i processi di gestione delle crisi, andando a definire la differenza tra “stato di emergenza”, crisi”, e “politiche di emergenza”. In tale contesto, questa dissertazione includerà anche una sezione completamente dedicata all’analisi dei meccanismi e degli strumenti attualmente disponibili in Unione Europea per la gestione delle crisi, non dimenticando di effettuare una valutazione sulla loro efficacia e sui risultati da essi ottenuti nel corso degli anni. Alla fine, l'analisi della governance della gestione della crisi e degli effetti che ha sui rapporti di potere dell'UE rivelerà una tendenza all'accentramento dei poteri nelle mani dei Capi di Stato e una posizione dominante del Consiglio europeo.
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Karacay, Murat. « Slack-performance relationship before, during and after a financial crisis : empirical evidence from European manufacturing firms ». Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7906/.
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This thesis studied the slack - performance relationship under different external environments by taking advantage of the financial crisis of 2008-09, which provides a natural experiment opportunity for the study. Besides the management of slack, adaptation profiles are also examined by building the two-stage adaptation process model in concordance with different period of financial crisis. Based on empirical analysis and theoretical research, this thesis finds that slack management impacts the firms' performance as well as firms' adaptation to respond to financial crisis. Another novelty of this thesis is to examine ambidexterity in detail by employing constructs of alignment and adaptability from the perspective of organizational slack. Thesis tries to evidence that European manufacturing firms have various adaptation processes, profiles and risk-taking behaviors with varying performance implications based on their slack management in response to financial crisis. To that end, this study investigates empirically, publicly-held 671 western European manufacturing firms, by comparatively examining their organizational slack management and performance characteristics before, during and after the recent financial crisis period 2007-8 . This research employs longitudinal panel data. The data was drawn from Thomson one banker database for the period of2004-2013.
21
Gunnarsson, Fredrik. « How the European Union manages an apostate member in times om crisis : Examination of the Euro crisis management and Greek austerities ». Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-129316.
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Unsaldi, Menekse. « Crisis Management And Conflict Resolution Capacities Of The European Union : The Case Of Cyprus Conflict ». Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12606725/index.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
With the end of Cold War international order entered into a period that is characterized by continuous crises and instability. Within this order European Union, like the rest of the world, felt the necessity of re-evaluating its policies since they realized that the current policies were not sufficient to meet the challenges of the new world order. As a consequence of this EU has been trying to develop its capabilities to conduct crisis management and conflict resolution. Besides, the EU intends to strengthen its influence in international relations. This thesis analyzes the EU&rsquos maturing capacities in managing the international security challenges and the impacts of those capabilities on the resolution of the complicated conflict in Cyprus. Within this framework this study begins with examining the basics of conflict study. Then it explores the role EU intends to play in international politics, the progress of the EU structure in conflict management and the related defence and security issues and the future prospects including the formation of European military capacities. Strategies and instruments of the EU for conflict management are analyzed. Finally it assesses the mediator role of EU in Cyprus. Possible strategies that the EU may apply in Cyprus are evaluated. Furthermore, thinking past experiences of crisis resolution within the EU framework, the study argues about application of the Aland and Belgium models in Cyprus case. The thesis concludes that with its capabilities and the determination for strengthening its role in conflict management, EU has a high chance for resolving Cyprus conflict &ndash
especially in the long-run- by using its creativity and flexibility against conflicted issues.
23
Hühnerfuß, Anne. « To Intervene or Not to Intervene ? : A Theoretical Account of European Crisis Management in Mali ». Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Statsvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-132498.
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Aspiring to become a “global security actor,” the EU has, throughout the last decade, increasingly made use of its versatile toolbox in crisis management missions far beyond its own soil. Crisis management missions are particularly challenging when security is threatened on various levels at once, as is the case in Mali. There, addressing the conflict means combining military assistance with development aid, state-building efforts, and security sector reforms. Ambitious to apply a truly comprehensive approach, meaning an approach that bridges military and civilian efforts, the EU has launched two missions in Mali; yet it has refrained from providing a full-scale military operation. This case study aims to foster an understanding of European security actorness by accounting for the challenges of EU crisis management in general and in Mali in particular from a theoretical perspective that integrates realist, institutionalist, and constructivist understandings. Finally, this thesis contributes to the academic debate on the concept of strategic culture by analyzing to what extent the concept proves helpful for understanding the challenges inherent in European crisis management.
24
Begemann, Jonas. « European External Border Management and its Narratives : Aspects of Dominance and Neocolonialism in European Foreign Policy during the “Refugee Crisis” ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-389415.
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Large numbers of incoming refugees since 2015 were perceived as a major challenge for European cooperation and migratory regimes and the situation has within Europe soon been seen as a crisis. Since then, European states and the European Union (EU) have intensified measures to shut down migrant routes to Europe as well as their attempts to externalise means of protection of refugees in Africa. Based on a theoretical framework consisting of political science border studies, postcolonial studies and the method of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) together with the study of narratives in politics, this thesis analyses two critical events in this field, the 2015 Valletta Summit on migration where European and African leaders discussed the terms of migration cooperation and the 2018 debate on disembarkation platforms. The focus in this work lies especially on neocolonial elements in the power relations between Europe and Africa and how these are expressed in the narratives that were used to justify and explain the action taken. For this purpose, official documents, speeches, interviews and additional utterances from European heads of states and European politicians as well as from African heads of states and African Union (AU) representatives are analysed. Eventually, the thesis comes to the conclusion that a form of neocolonial exists that is here named implicit or indirect neocolonialism.
25
Haus, Mirjam [Verfasser], et Markos [Akademischer Betreuer] Maragkos. « Stress and stress management in European crisis managers : a multi-method approach / Mirjam Haus ; Betreuer : Markos Maragkos ». München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1150856343/34.
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Haus, Mirjam [Verfasser], et Markos [Akademischer Betreuer] Maragkos. « Stress and stress management in European crisis managers : a multi-method approach / Mirjam Haus. Betreuer : Markos Maragkos ». München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1112465782/34.
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ARESU, SIMONE. « L’utilizzo dei grafici nei bilanci delle aziende europee durante la recente crisi finanziaria ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266540.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This dissertation investigates the use of graphs in the European annual reports during the recent financial crisis. By analysing the top firms headquartered in France, Germany, Italy and the UK and by comparing the period pre-crisis and the period during the crisis, this study provides a longitudinal and comparative analysis. An influence of the institutional context on the use of key performance indicators (KPIs) graphs is found. Moreover, a “status quo” behaviour of the firms seem to explain the graphs’ usage over time. In contrast with previous studies that have showed that graphs are used selectively to portray a more favourable picture of the firm’s performance, this study shows that KPIs graphs are not used selectively during the recent financial crisis. In line with impression management theories, firms are more likely to distort KPIs graphs favourably than unfavourably. Finally, the number of financial analysts is found to positively affect both KPIs graphs’ usage and selectivity. This dissertation provides both theoretical and practical contributions. From an academic perspective, this study investigates the use of graphs in the annual reports not only in line with impression management theories but also in line with other theories, like the incremental information perspective and the institutional theory. From a practical perspective, it provides suggestions to the annual reports’ readers and regulators. Readers should read and process the information within the graph carefully, especially because graphs are found to be distorted. Regulators should provide guidelines for a graph’s accurate usage, following the correct design standards.
28
Mančáková, Linda. « Krízový management EMÚ -- efektívnosť stabilizácie eura v časoch dlhovej a menovej krízy ». Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-113779.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The thesis analyzes measures adopted and applied by the EMU crisis management in years 2010 to 2012, that means at a time when debt and currency crisis was affecting the euro area countries the most. The main focus is dedicated to the rescue mechanism EFSF and expansive monetary policy of ECB as these crisis management tools were used for stabilization of the debt situation in Ireland, Portugal and Greece. Analyzing of these tools leads to assess their contribution to selected country and to European monetary union as a whole. The final part is devoted to possible solutions for the debt crisis and to the future of the eurozone and the common currency.
29
Churro, Bruno Alexandre da Silva. « The effect of free cash flow, dividend and leverage on earnings management : european evidence ». Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17706.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Mestrado em FinançasEste estudo analisa o efeito do fluxo de caixa livre, do dividendo e do endividamento das empresas na Gestão de Resultados em países da Zona Euro, recorrendo a uma amostra de 2.150 observações empresas-ano, de 2009 a 2016, com enfoque nos impactos sentidos nas variáveis de estudo durante a crise financeira de 2008, e consequentemente a sua relação com Gestão de Resultados. A extensão do modelo de Kothari (2005) ao modelo de Jones (1991) é usada para calcular, de forma aproximada, os accruals discricionários, que são assumidos como uma unidade de medida de gestão de resultados. Este estudo documenta evidências de uma relação negativa significativa entre o fluxo de caixa livre e a Gestão de resultados, enquanto as relações dos dividendos e alavancagem com a gestão de resultados são positivas, em termos de direção. Além do exposto, em termos de quantidade, a relação encontrada é inversa à anterior: significativa e positiva em relação ao fluxo de caixa livre e negativa em relação ao endividamento e aos dividendos.
This study analyses the effect of the free cash flow, the dividend and the companies' leverage on Earnings Management in Euro-zone countries, using a sample of around 2.150 firm-year observations, from 2009 to 2016. I also analyze the 2008 financial crisis impacts on this study's measures and, consequently, its relations to earnings management. The Kothari (2005)'s extension to Jones (1991) model is used to compute a discretionary accruals proxy, which is assumed as a measure of earnings management. This study documents evidence of a significant negative relationship between free cash flow and earnings management, while dividend and leverage correlates to earnings management positively, in terms of direction. Furthermore, in terms of amount, the relationship found is inverse to the previous: significant positive in regarding the free cash flow and negative for leverage and dividend paying firms.
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30
Lesort, Elisabeth, et Chloé Camp. « The economic impact of Brexit on French companies : A quantitative study on the ability of French companies to handle Brexit ». Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-160751.
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Brexit was voted by referendum three years ago, on June 23rd, 2016. Yet, no final decision has been taken regarding the exit conditions of the United Kingdom. It took almost two years for the European Union and the British Prime Minister to find an agreement, which keeps being rejected by the British Parliament. Consequently, the aftermaths of Brexit on the European market remain fully uncertain and companies have to find ways to be ready to face it. Therefore, the aim of our study was to understand how French companies face the uncertainty related to Brexit and how they analyze its potential consequences. More precisely, we wanted to examine if there were any factors that lead firms to implement new strategies in order to face Brexit’ aftermaths in the best way possible and to understand if these factors were impacting their ability to handle Brexit. We also aimed to deepen the question of information channels that are the more used by companies in order to discover if they have an impact on their strategy. Finally, we wanted to understand what kind of strategies were implemented by managers within the companies and how they intended to face negative consequences or seize opportunities related to Brexit. As a result, our research question was: What factors may influence French companies in their ability to handle Brexit? To answer this question, we created a conceptual model and sent an online self-completion questionnaire to French companies’ managers. We asked them some of their firm’s characteristics, how they got information about Brexit and how often, how they perceive and analyze Brexit and what their answer may be. Through our results’ analysis, we showed that some firms’ characteristics have no impact on the answer to Brexit (sector and degree of internationalization) whereas the size impacts the reaction towards the crisis. Moreover, we found that information channels as well as the tendency to search for information also impact the strategy implemented by companies. Finally, our results showed that companies that analyze Brexit as an opportunity tend to implement larger reactions than the other ones and that companies that fear to lose money were more likely to implement risky strategies.
31
Pesqueira, Caio Dias. « A crise migratória na União Europeia : um novo modelo de gestão de fronteiras ». Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16518.
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Mestrado em Economia Internacional e Estudos EuropeusO ano de 2015 será lembrado pelos fluxos migratórios maciços e descontrolados com destino ao território da União Europeia. Esses possuíam múltiplas origens e puseram em causa uma das quatro liberdades fundamentais da União, a livre circulação de pessoas, ao expor a incapacidade de alguns Estados Membros de gerir por si só e de forma adequada as suas fronteiras. Um ator nesse fenômeno extremo, por sua ação ou inação, teve a sua existência e atuação questionadas: a Frontex. Uma das propostas para a crise, sob o ponto de vista securitário, foi a reestruturação da Frontex dando origem à nova Agência Europeia da Guarda de Fronteiras e Costeira. A dissertação investigará a reestruturação dos mecanismos de gestão das fronteiras externas na União Europeia advinda no seguimento da crise migratória.
2015 will be remembered by massive and uncontrolled migratory flows to the territory of the European Union. These had multiple origins and called into question one of the four fundamental freedoms of the Union, the freedom of movement for persons, by exposing the inability of some Member States to manage their borders on their own. An actor in this extreme phenomenon, by his action or inaction, had its existence and performance questioned: Frontex. Under a security perspective, one of the proposals for the crisis was the restructuring of Frontex giving rise to the new European Border and Coast Guard Agency. The dissertation will investigate the restructuring of the mechanisms of management of the European Union´s external borders following the migratory crisis.
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32
Klos, Benjamin. « The quest for a panacea : a comparative varieties of capitalism analysis of the economic adjustment programmes in Greece and Ireland ». Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/14806.
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The economic crisis in the European Union has raised numerous policy questions. It has also raised many important questions for scholars. One of these is the question of why we have witnessed such radically divergent reform speeds in different countries under Economic Adjustment Programmes. Closer examination of these Programmes clearly shows their high degree of uniformity, so that the answer cannot be found in the nature of policy input. This thesis instead takes a Varieties of Capitalism approach. Looking in depth at the cases of Greece and Ireland, which represent polar opposites of the spectrum of economic models within the EU, this thesis argues that success of Economic Adjustment Programmes crucially depends on a country’s pre-existing economic model. This insight challenges the current approach to crisis resolution, which endorses a ‘one size fits all’ approach to structural reforms. An adapted version of Bruno Amable’s Varieties of Capitalism (VOC) approach is conducive to detailed analysis, as it permits disaggregating the structural reform agenda according to five institutional areas. Thus, reform patterns can be compared between countries as well as between institutional areas. The hypothesis put forward in this dissertation is that the reforms promoted in Greece and Ireland can be accurately described as a reform trajectory intended to take both countries closer to a market based variety of capitalism. The analysis, based on textual analysis of the Economic Adjustment Programmes, as well as interviews with Greek, Irish and European policy-makers, suggests that VOC predicts reform trajectories largely accurately. The application of Amable’s approach also revealed its weaknesses, particularly in underestimating the role of political decision making in times of crisis through a rather mechanistic conceptualisation of the EAP implementation process. This is addressed through the inclusion of Streeck and Thelen’s mapping of political responses to external change, adding an important component to the VOC literature and making it suitable to the analysis of reform in crisis conditions.
33
Braun, Johanna. « Managing the Euro Crisis : EU Decision-Making in the sovereign Debt Crisis October 2009 – March 2012 ». Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Statsvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-84759.
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The European common currency, the euro, is in crisis. Bad news about indebted governments and economic recession has continuously outperformed itself since 2009/2010 and kept the European Union and its member states in suspense. It is up to them to combat the crisis. This master thesis deals with the European sovereign debt crisis (“euro crisis”) and tries to allow a better understanding of how the crisis has been managed by governments at the European level. A special focus is put on decision-making in the crisis, posing the research question “How can the decision-making of the EU in the euro crisis be understood?”. To solve this research problem, three different approaches are applied: liberal intergovernmentalism, historical institutionalism and cognitive institutionalism. Each of them adds different aspects to the analysis, gives answers from its respective point of view and thereby widens the overall picture that evolves. The design of the thesis is a case study with the euro crisis as a special case of decision-making and crisis management. Official documents and statements, expert interviews, scholastic, expert, and journalistic analyses are employed as basic research material. It has been uncovered that, powerful states, especially Germany and France, have bargaining advantages during crisis decision-making. However, the decision-making is constrained by institutional aspects (rules, norms and values). Stress factors deriving from the crisis situation facilitate group dynamics that appeared at least partially during the ongoing crisis.
34
Petrov, Petar Yordanov. « Governing the European security and defence policy (ESDP) : an institutionalist perspective on the European Union's military crisis management in the context of operations concordia (FYROM 2003) and Artemis (DR Congo 2003) ». Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499843.
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Sevinc, Tugba. « The Eu As A Security Actor In The Post-cold War Era : A Civilian And/or Military (strategic) Actor In Crisis Management ? » Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608003/index.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The objective of this thesis is to analyze whether the EU can be considered as a &lsquolimited&rsquo
military/strategic actor or as a civilian actor in the Post-Cold War international security architecture. In this framework, the impacts of the September 11 terrorist attacks and the US-led war in Iraq on the EU crisis management capabilities are analyzed more specifically. In this framework, firstly, the historical dynamics of European foreign and security policy from the Post-World War II period to the Post-September 11 period are analyzed. Secondly, the EU&rsquo
s changing role in the international arena together with its crisis management capability is evaluated. Thirdly, the EU&rsquo
s international actorness in the Post-September 11 era is discussed with a special reference to the US-led war in Iraq. In this general framework, following a brief analysis on reactions of the US and the EU against global terrorism, crisis management strategy of the EU during and after US-led war in Iraq is analyzed in detail. The last part allocated to, a critical analysis of the security actorness of the EU is made in order to conceptualize it and to draw a more theoretical framework. Moreover, it is mentioned in this thesis that while having triggering effect on the CFSP and ESDP, the 9/11 events and the US-led war in Iraq provides the emergence of new methods for crisis management and the European Security Strategy. Accordingly, considering the new international security context beginning with the end of Cold War period and transforming to another dimension by means of September 11 attacks, the main argument of this thesis is that the EU still tends to be a civilian actor as it was before and it is envisaged to be so in the foreseeable future despite its latest attempts to develop its common security and defence policies.
36
Tomic, Nikola. « Where do EU missions come from ? : a discursive and institutionalist analysis of the European Union's engagement in the Horn of Africa ». Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/19809.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The European Union (EU) deployed its first police mission in 2003. Since then, the EU has deployed thirty-four missions around the world. Considering the great financial burden to the EU budget and the budget of contributing Member States (MS), as well as the fact that the realm of defence is one of the most overdue areas of the European integration project, this thesis asks the general but multifaceted question of where EU missions come from. To address this question the thesis explores the historic origins of EU missions, conceptualises them in view of the conceptual and theoretical developments in the literature and policy practice, and develops a model for the analysis of the decision-making process behind the deployment of EU missions. The model is tested on three case studies, namely the three EU missions deployed in the Horn of Africa European Union Naval Force (EUNAVFOR) Atalanta, European Union Training Mission (EUTM) Somalia and European Union Capacity Building Mission (EUCAP) Nestor. The findings of the analysis reveal a gradual evolution of EU crisis management after the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty and the establishment of the European External Action Service. The analysis indicates that EUNAVFOR Atalanta was primarily deployed due to French impetus at the level of the Political and Security Committee (PSC), but also due to a convincing call of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) to the international community to act against the significant increase of piracy activity in the Gulf of Aden in 2008. The EUTM Somalia mission was primarily deployed due to a convincing strategy from the strategic planners at the EEAS, as well as the commitment of the United States (US) to a partnership with the EU to train recruits of the Somali Security Forces (SSF). Finally, the analysis of the third case study reveals even greater impact from the strategic planners at the EEAS and the acceptance at all levels of the EU s Comprehensive Approach to crisis management, and in particular due to the influential Strategic Framework for the Horn of Africa document. The overall interpretation of the findings conclude that the foreign policy of the EU is a moving target, constantly changing, as is exemplified by both the historic overview and the analysis of the three case studies, and that the analysts of EU foreign policy must remain open to these changes when choosing modes of studying EU foreign policy.
37
Orth, Simon. « European Union Security Governance : the external dimension of Justice and Home Affairs in the context of the civilian crisis management missions, Proxima (Macedonia), EUBAM (Moldova) and EULEX (Kosovo) ». Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/european-union-security-governance-the-external-dimension-of-justice-and-home-affairs-in-the-context-of-the-civilian-crisis-management-missions-proxima-macedonia-eubam-moldova-and-eulex-kosovo(2f63b26a-4993-4d4e-80be-7437f15d7bf6).html.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis explores the Security Governance of the European Union (EU) by examining the relationship between the external dimension of Justice and Home Affairs (JHA) and civilian crisis management missions. More specifically it tests the capacity of EU level actors to project the external dimension of JHA's goals, in a coordinated and coherent fashion, into the Union's near abroad. The research 'puzzle' lies in the multi-dimensional character of the external dimension of JHA. The fact that the domains tools and competencies are spread within and across all three pillars of the EU make its coordination with civilian crisis management missions far from straight-forward. The ambition to link the two policy domains has been expressed repeatedly by the EU in high profile strategic documents, such as the European Security Strategy of 2003, and the 2005 'A Strategy for the External Dimension of JHA: Global Freedom, Security and Justice'. This thesis endeavours to test the EU's performance in governing the external dimension of JHA and the need to link its goals with those of civilian crisis management missions. It does this by taking three civilian crisis management missions recently projected into the EU's milieu, with mandates related to security sector reform and JHA. The missions selected for comparison are: Proxima launched in 2003 in Macedonia; EU Border Assistance Mission to Moldova and Ukraine launched in 2005; and finally, EULEX Kosovo launched in 2008. These missions are selected to serve as prime test cases for the interface between JHA and civilian crisis management missions, covering a time period that will allow for an examination of continuity and change in foreign and security policy at the EU level.
38
Barrocas, João Manuel Almeida. « A crise da divida soberana de 2011 e a gestão de resultados : o caso europeu ». Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13693.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Mestrado em Contabilidade, Fiscalidade e Finanças EmpresariaisA crise da dívida soberana de 2011 provocou inúmeros efeitos no plano económico na Europa, nomeadamente um efeito generalizado de empobrecimento dos agentes económicos, em virtude das políticas de austeridade. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o impacto desta crise nas práticas de Gestão de Resultados na Europa. Recorreu-se ao modelo de Jones (1991) para mensurar as práticas de Gestão de Resultados, sendo essa medida os accruals discricionários. O estudo incide sobre 1305 empresas cotadas com sede em países da zona euro, entre os anos de 2009 e 2014. A análise empírica permite constatar que a crise de 2011 teve impacto na Gestão de Resultados, sendo esse impacto traduzido numa diminuição das suas práticas. Foi também elaborada uma regressão linear onde se pretendeu explorar de que maneira variáveis institucionais e macroeconómicas afetam as práticas de Gestão de Resultados. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que as variáveis Produto Interno Bruto per capita e Fiscalidade afetam positivamente as práticas de Gestão de Resultados, enquanto Investimento Direto Estrangeiro, Central Govenment Debt, Rendibilidade Operacional do Ativo e Lending Interest Rate afetam negativamente as mesmas.
The 2011 sovereign debt crisis had numerous effects economicly in Europe, including a generalized effect of impoverishment of economic agents, due to austerity policies. This study aims to evaluate the impact of this crisis on earnings management in Europe. Using the Jones (1991) model to measure the earnings management practices, the study focuses on 1305 listed companies in the euro area between the years 2009 and 2014. The empirical analysis reveals that the 2011 crisis had an impact on earnings management, and this impact translated into a decrease in their practices. It was also developed a linear regression intended to explore how institutional and macroeconomic variables affect the earnings management. Practice results suggest that gross domestic product per capita and total tax rates positively affect earnings management, while foreign direct investment, Central Govenment Debt, Lending Interest Rate and Assets Operating Profitability negatively affect th´t.
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Schmidt, Julia Ruth. « European Union as an emerging international military actor and its legal relationship with UN Security Council resolutions ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7973.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The thesis results from a research project, combining elements of European law and public international law. The project focuses on the different forms of the use of force by the European Union in the sphere of the Common Security and Defence Policy as an integral part of the EU’s common foreign and security policy. It examines the conditions under which the European Union can engage in military crisis management missions from the perspective of European Union law as well as from the perspective of public international law. The main emphasis of the thesis is put on the former, analysing the EU’s ambitions to become an international security actor from an inside-out perspective. When addressing the vertical dimension of the EU and the use of force in more detail, the thesis analyses the extent to which the Member States are constrained in the conduct of their national foreign and security policy through decisions by the European Union in the sphere of the Common Foreign and Security Policy. With regards to the EU’s legal relationship with the United Nations, the thesis examines whether and if so to what extent the European Union, although not a member of the United Nations, is bound by UN Security Council resolutions in respect of the use of force. Based on the assumption that the EU is bound by UN Security Council resolutions imposing economic sanctions, the thesis uses a comparative method in order to show that the EU as an international organisation is bound by decisions of the UN Security Council in the sense that the EU is obliged to respect the wording and limits of a UN Security Council mandate to use force once it decides to contribute with an EU mission. If the EU decides not to accept a UN Security Council mandate, the thesis argues that the EU is under the obligation not to undermine the success of a UN authorised military intervention, in the spirit of a loyalty obligation. Apart from analyzing the interaction of the EU and the international legal framework, the thesis also uses a speculative approach in order to examine the implications of silence in the context of the use of force.
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Rodrigues, Ana Marta de Almeida. « A União Europeia e a crise Líbia : uma Política Comum de Segurança e Defesa ? » Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11209.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Mestrado em Economia Internacional e Estudos EuropeusA ambiguidade do papel da União Europeia na cena internacional tem representado uma das grandes questões para toda a sociedade internacional, incluindo para a própria Europa em que mais do que nunca os seus Estados membros devem determinar até onde estão dispostos a ir em nome da defesa de interesses comuns. A nova Política Comum de Segurança e Defesa (PCSD), renomeada pelo Tratado de Lisboa, substituiu e ampliou o anterior mandato da Política Europeia de Segurança e Defesa (PESD). A crise política e militar na Líbia será o nosso caso de estudo. Adotaremos como referencial político o Tratado de Lisboa que, tendo abolido a estrutura dos três pilares comunitários, e criado novos instrumentos e mecanismos por forma a agilizar os processos de tomada de decisão e a circulação de informação na União, se vê ainda bastante limitado na sua aplicação prática. A resposta chave ao desafio estratégico de uma política de segurança e defesa integrada na política externa europeia reside na necessidade de uma vontade política comum para tornar a União Europeia num ator internacional relevante, no ambiente estratégico atual, capaz de afirmar os seus valores e defender os seus interesses comuns. Só a materialização desta vontade política permitirá concluir que as lições do caso da crise na Líbia foram de facto aprendidas e a União está em condições de concretizar uma nova estratégia decorrente do Tratado de Lisboa.
The ambiguity of the EU's role on the international scene has represented one of the major issues for the whole international society, including to Europe itself that more than ever its Member States shall determine how far they are willing to go in the name of defending common interests. The new Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP), renamed by the Treaty of Lisbon, replaced and expanded the previous mandate of the European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP). The political and military crisis in Libya will be our case study. We will take as a political reference the Lisbon Treaty, that having abolished the structure of the three pillars of community, and created new instruments and mechanisms in order to streamline the decision-making and circulation of information in the EU, we still see quite limited in its application on the field. The key answer to the strategic challenge of a common security and defense in the integrated European foreign policy is the need of a common political will to make the European Union a significant international player in the current strategic environment, able to assert its values and defend their common interests. Only the realization of this political will conclude that the lessons of the case of the crisis in Libya were indeed learned and the Union is able to implement a new strategy under the Treaty of Lisbon.
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PIROZZI, NICOLETTA. « L'UNIONE EUROPEA E LA GESTIONE DELLE CRISI DOPO LISBONA : UN NUOVO MODELLO PER AFFRONTARE LE SFIDE ALLA SICUREZZA NEL XXI SECOLO ? » Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1803.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L’obiettivo di questa tesi è di valutare che tipo di modello per la gestione delle crisi l’Unione Europea (UE) ha elaborato attraverso l’adozione e l’attuazione del Trattato di Lisbona, ma anche di capire che impatto ha prodotto la sua interazione con lo scenario internazionale di sicurezza. L’analisi è condotta a tre livelli: (1) strategico – elaborazione o revisione di concetti, politiche e documenti quadro; (2) istituzionale – creazione e riorganizzazione delle strutture di riferimento e dei processi decisionali; (3) operativo – pianificazione e gestione delle missioni civili e militari sul terreno. Lo scopo finale è quello di verificare se l’approccio dell’UE alla gestione delle crisi può considerarsi efficace per affrontare i possibili scenari futuri e come possa essere migliorato sulla base delle esperienze più recenti.The objective of this thesis is to assess what kind of crisis management model the European Union (EU) has elaborated through the adoption and implementation of the Treaty of Lisbon and what is the impact produced by its interaction with the international security context. The analysis is conducted at three different levels: (1) strategic – elaboration or review of concepts, policies and framework documents; (2) institutional – establishment or reorganization of structures and decision-making process; (3) operational – planning and conduct of civilian and military missions on the ground. The final aim is to evaluate whether the EU’s approach to crisis management will be able to face up possible future scenarios and how this model might be improved on the basis of most recent experiences.
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PIROZZI, NICOLETTA. « L'UNIONE EUROPEA E LA GESTIONE DELLE CRISI DOPO LISBONA : UN NUOVO MODELLO PER AFFRONTARE LE SFIDE ALLA SICUREZZA NEL XXI SECOLO ? » Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1803.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L’obiettivo di questa tesi è di valutare che tipo di modello per la gestione delle crisi l’Unione Europea (UE) ha elaborato attraverso l’adozione e l’attuazione del Trattato di Lisbona, ma anche di capire che impatto ha prodotto la sua interazione con lo scenario internazionale di sicurezza. L’analisi è condotta a tre livelli: (1) strategico – elaborazione o revisione di concetti, politiche e documenti quadro; (2) istituzionale – creazione e riorganizzazione delle strutture di riferimento e dei processi decisionali; (3) operativo – pianificazione e gestione delle missioni civili e militari sul terreno. Lo scopo finale è quello di verificare se l’approccio dell’UE alla gestione delle crisi può considerarsi efficace per affrontare i possibili scenari futuri e come possa essere migliorato sulla base delle esperienze più recenti.The objective of this thesis is to assess what kind of crisis management model the European Union (EU) has elaborated through the adoption and implementation of the Treaty of Lisbon and what is the impact produced by its interaction with the international security context. The analysis is conducted at three different levels: (1) strategic – elaboration or review of concepts, policies and framework documents; (2) institutional – establishment or reorganization of structures and decision-making process; (3) operational – planning and conduct of civilian and military missions on the ground. The final aim is to evaluate whether the EU’s approach to crisis management will be able to face up possible future scenarios and how this model might be improved on the basis of most recent experiences.
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BOFFELLI, Simona. « Comovements in European government bond spreads : jumps, cojumps, macrofactors and correlations ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/30383.
Texte intégral
44
Aguiar, Carlos Teixeira. « A evolução da gestão de resultados nas empresas cotadas europeias ». Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/15087.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Mestrado em Contabilidade, Fiscalidade e Finanças EmpresariaisO objetivo do presente trabalho final de mestrado passa por investigar como tem evoluído a gestão de resultados, através dos accruals discricionários e das operações reais, nas empresas cotadas europeias, durante os períodos de crise (2009-2012) e recuperação (2013-2016). Assim, foi recolhida uma amostra da base de dados Amadeus de Bureau Van Dijk constituída por 652 empresas cotadas de 8 países da União Europeia e de 10 setores de atividade distintos. Como variáveis explicativas e independentes do modelo empírico, para além da variável representativa da crise, foram também incluídas as variáveis dimensão, crescimento, desempenho, endividamento e uma variável dummy que determinasse se a empresa era, ou não, auditada por uma Big Four. Os resultados evidenciam uma tendência decrescente da gestão de resultados por accuals discricionários no período de crise. Contudo, demonstram também que a prática de gestão de resultados é maior no período de crise do que no período de recuperação económica.
The purpose of the present master?s thesis is to investigate how earnings management has evolved, through discretionary accruals and real operations, in European listed companies, during crisis (2009-2012) and recovery (2013-2016) periods. Therefore, it was collected a sample from Amadeus database of Bureau Van Dijk. These data were composed by 652 listed companies from 8 European Union countries and 10 different activity sectors. As explanatory and independent variables of the empirical model, besides the crisis variable, were also included the variables dimension, growth, performance, debt and a dummy variable that determined if the company was, or not, audited by a Big Four. The results show a downward trend in accruals management during the crisis period. However, they also show that earnings management is greater in the crisis period comparing with the period of economic recovery.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
45
Huyer, E. B., et Jean-Marc Trouille. « The European migration crisis as a factor in foreign market entry decisions of German multinationals : Part 1 – Impact of the crisis in Germany ». 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/14142.
Texte intégralRésumé :
YesThe largest influx of refugees since German unification has generated new challenges and opportunities in Germany’s society, culture, politics and economy. Theory advocates the advantages for international business of institutional change, migrations and integration. However, a negative public perception can conceal and inhibit resources and opportunities for German multinational enterprises. How did the attitude of Germany towards refugees change in 2015 and 2016? How did formal and informal German institutions react on the EU refugee crisis? How has this affected decision makers in German MNEs in terms of foreign market entry choices? How do German MNEs evaluate the long-term consequences of this crisis? This paper investigates in which ways the influx of refugees and migrants who arrived in Germany has affected the international business strategy of German MNEs. It is divided into two parts. Part One analyses the impact of this crisis on German culture, society, government, politics and economics and examines how it has been perceived and displayed. Part Two will further investigate how German MNEs are influenced by the migration context in Germany and Europe and how this affects their foreign market entry strategies in emerging economies.
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WINN, Neil. « The limits of European influence in American crisis policy-making : the cases of Poland 1980-82, Grenada 1983 and Libya 1986 ». Doctoral thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5436.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Defence date: 26 May 1995Examining Board: Prof. Karl Cerny (Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.) ; Prof. Dr. Helga Haftendorn (Free University of Berlin) ; Prof. Christopher Hill (London School of Economics and Political Science) ; Prof. Roger Morgan (Supervisor, European University Institute) ; Dr. William Wallace (St. Antony's College, Oxford)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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Huyer, E. B., et Jean-Marc Trouille. « The European migration crisis as a factor in foreign market entry decisions of German multinationals : Part 2 – German MNEs and the migration challenge ». 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/14144.
Texte intégralRésumé :
YesThe largest influx of refugees since German unification has generated new challenges and opportunities in Germany’s society, culture, politics and economy. Theory advocates the advantages for international business of institutional change, migrations and integration. However, a negative public perception can conceal and inhibit resources and opportunities for German multinational enterprises. How did the attitude of Germany towards refugees change in 2015 and 2016? How did formal and informal German institutions react on the EU refugee crisis? How has this affected decision makers in German MNEs in terms of foreign market entry choices? How do German MNEs evaluate the long-term consequences of this crisis? This paper investigates in which ways the influx of refugees and migrants who arrived in Germany has affected the international business strategy of German MNEs. It is divided into two parts. Part One analyses the impact of this crisis on German culture, society, government, politics and economics and examines how it has been perceived and displayed. Part Two will further investigate how German MNEs are influenced by the migration context in Germany and Europe and how this affects their foreign market entry strategies in emerging economies.
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Cortinhas, Ricardo Filipe da Silva. « As forças de tipo gendarmerie e as operações/missões de gestão de crises da União Europeia ». Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/16344.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The European Union has taken in recent years an increasingly important role in
ensuring peace and stability in the international community, and the security and defence
policy of the Union has become synonymous with crisis management.
The Union has addressed the issue of crisis management through two sources: the
military side and the civilian side, which consists in carrying out numerous crisis
management operations and missions.
This study discusses the role of the European Union in conducting crisis
management operations and missions and how the gendarmerie forces contribute to the
success of the same.
It will discuss the evolution of the European Union's security policy and the concept
of crisis management, and seek to demonstrate the added value of the commitment of
gendarmerie forces in operations and missions of crisis management, particularly with
regard to employment of the European Gendarmerie Force.
On the other hand, it will study the planning process for crisis management of the
European Union, featuring the entities and agencies involved in it, and presenting the
products that result from this same process.
The use of Gendarmerie forces in crisis management operations and missions has
significant advantages. Its use is recommended to post - conflict scenarios, in
complementarity with the armed forces, in order to overcome the "security gap" that
mediates the transition from the state of conflict for the period of peace and reconstruction.
Gendarmerie forces can also be engaged both in military crisis management operations and
civilian crisis management missions.A União Europeia tem assumido, nos últimos anos, um papel cada vez mais importante na garantia da paz e da estabilidade na comunidade internacional, sendo que a componente de segurança e defesa da União passou a ser sinónimo de gestão de crises. A União tem abordado a questão de gestão de crises através de duas vertentes: a vertente militar e a vertente civil, que se consubstancia na realização de inúmeras operações e missões de gestão de crises. O presente trabalho aborda então o papel da União Europeia na condução de operações e missões de gestão de crises e de que forma as forças de gendarmerie contribuem para o sucesso das mesmas. Para o efeito será analisada a evolução da política de segurança da União Europeia e o conceito de gestão de crises com o objetivo de demonstrar as mais-valias do empenhamento de forças de gendarmerie em operações e missões de gestão de crises, nomeadamente no que se refere ao emprego da Força Europeia de Gendarmerie. É ainda analisado o processo de planeamento de gestão de crises da União Europeia, caracterizando-se as entidades e órgãos envolvidos no mesmo e apresentado os produtos que resultam desse mesmo processo. O emprego de forças de gendarmerie em operações e missões de gestão de crises apresenta vantagens significativas, sendo especialmente recomendado o seu empenho em cenários pós - conflito, em complementaridade com as forças armadas, de modo a superar o "security gap" que medeia a transição do estado de conflito para o período de paz e reconstrução. Acresce que as forças de gendarmerie podem ser empenhadas tanto em operações como em missões de gestão de crises.
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Lourenço, Catarina De Miranda De Matos. « Portuguese Public Debt Management During The European Sovereign Debt Crisis - a case study ». Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/105567.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The presentcase study analyses the Portuguese publicdebt management during theEuropeanSovereign debtcrisis, namely the decisions undertook by the Government and by the Portuguese Debt Management Agency.On April 6th,2011, Portugal requestedofficial financial assistance, beginning a three-year period in which market access was severely constrained.This case studyfocus onthe behaviourof relevant parameters,such as the evolution of yieldsand spreads for Government bonds, the shareof public debt held by domestic and non-domestic investors through time, the progressionof Portuguese debt ratings and thecomposition of the stock of public debt.
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Christodoulaki, Ioanna. « Disaffected publics : globalization, the European Union, and the Greek economic crisis ». Thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/42971.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The dissertation is a multi-method study on current and common challenges to liberal democracy facing governments and societies on both sides of the Atlantic, with a particular emphasis on disaffection with democracy in Europe. It examines the factors that have led to disaffected publics in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Greece, by looking at political and economic developments that unfolded over the last decade including the Eurozone and Greek crisis, the Trump Presidency and the Brexit vote to leave the EU. By looking closely at these events, a number of factors are put in the forefront of analysis, such as globalization, European integration, domestic party politics and populism, and the rise of authoritarian politics. The dissertation draws evidence from a large pool of public opinion data on a number of issues relating to the quality of government and democracy, in-depth interviews with high-ranking officials and political actors in Brussels and Athens, discourse analysis of political statements and party manifestos, and employs literature underpinning the concepts applied in the research as analytical frameworks. Looking at the discontent relating to democracy in three particular contexts, the following insights can be drawn: public disaffection in the United States is primarily attributed to factors such as the indirect effects of globalization. However, further research shows that globalization has been more of a populist narrative taken out of its real context and consequences to garner further political support for populist leaders both in the United States and in the United Kingdom. Public disaffection in United Kingdom is seemingly stemming from the perceived disadvantages of EU membership, and its connection to global economic forces. Hence anti-establishment politics, and nationalist populism turn out to be major factors contributing to disaffection and help explain voters’ attitudes both regarding the Brexit vote and the Trump Presidency. Finally, the Greek case sharply illustrates how all of these factors have been at play during the management of the Greek economic crisis adding to further delegitimization of the European project. This was on the one hand manifested by the EU’s turn to neoliberal economic policy and neoliberal globalization, austerity politics, and the dismantling of the welfare state following the IMF’s economic prescriptions. On the other hand, what makes Greece distinct is its particularly troubled past of adversarial politics pertaining to the country’s political system, state and reform capacity, and not least the special character of the relationship between citizens and the political class, which has been traditionally marked by low levels of trust towards political parties and national governments. In this context, both the effects of the economic crisis and crisis management across the national and supranational context, further contributed to the citizens’ disaffection with democracy in Greece.2023-09-01T00:00:00Z