Thèses sur le sujet « Crime – Philosophy »
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Fatic, Aleksandar. « Punishment and restorative crime-handling : a social theory of trust ». Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/143619.
Texte intégralGonçalves, Piterson Balmat. « A crise do dever em crime e castigo, de Dostoiévski ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2139/tde-26072016-104943/.
Texte intégralIn this dissertation we seeks to show the crisis of moral duty in Crime and Punishment, Dostoevsky, example of our own contemporary crisis, while we seek to investigate the outlines of a principle of justice brought by Kantian duty. Thereafter, we intend to show how this principle of justice can be shared by Dostoevsky, as the novelist, in his ideal of moral community, continues the ethical sense proposed in the Kantian duty, through which overcomes the crisis that spear the novel.
Hall, Matthew Peter. « Putting victims of crime 'at the heart' of criminal justice : practice, politics and philosophy ». Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443512.
Texte intégralJohnson, Andrew. « Crime, governance and numbers : a genealogy of counting crime in New South Wales ». Thesis, View thesis, 2000. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/535.
Texte intégralGiddens, Thomas Philip. « Comics, crime, and the moral self : an interdisciplinary study of criminal identity ». Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3622.
Texte intégralBlaas, Fey-Constanze. « Double criminality in international extradition law ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53398.
Texte intégralENGLISH ABSTRACT: The object of the thesis is to examine the content and status of the double criminality principle in international extradition law. The double criminality principle says a fugitive c annat be extradited unless the conduct for which his extradition is sought is criminal in both the requesting state and the requested state. This thesis is based on a study of sources of international law and domestic law and ideas presented in legal literature. The double criminality principle has developed over several centuries and it has been embraced by most states in one form or the other. The principle serves several purposes, of which the most dominant is the notion of state sovereignty. States apply the double criminality principle differently due to its multiple rationale. Legal literature has distinguished two main methods of interpretation, called interpretation in abstracto and in concreto. Whereas the in abstracto method focuses on the theoretical punishability of the conduct, the in concreto method attaches importance to all factual, personal and legal aspects. There are also ways of interpretation that are a combination of these two methods. Most states can be classified into one of the two main groups of interpretation, but in general most states have adopted a specific method of interpretation that is unique to each particular state. There is thus no uniform method of interpretation in international extradition law. This thesis attempts to determine whether the double criminality principle has become a rule of customary international law. Though most instruments on international or domestic extradition law include the double criminality principle, the strong disagreement among legal scholars as to the legal status of the principle leads to the conclusion that the double criminality principle is not a rule of international law today. This thesis contains an examination of whether the principle of double criminality can be classified as an international human rights norm. Though the principle of double criminality has striking similarities with human rights as it partly aims at protecting individuals facing extradition, there are also a number of aspects that distinguish the principle from traditional human rights. This is partly attributable to the fact that international extradition law is not the arena where general international human rights have developed. It is therefore concluded that the double criminality principle does not form part of international human rights law.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die oogmerk van hierdie tesis is om die inhoud en status van die beginsel van dubbelkriminaliteit in internasionale uitleweringsreg te ondersoek. Hierdie beginsel behels dat die handeling ten opsigte waarvan die uitlewering versoek is, misdade in beide die staat wat uitlewering versoek as die staat waarvan uitlewering versoek word, is. Die metode wat hierdie tesis onderlê is 'n literatuurstudie van bronne in die internasionale en nasionale reg. Die dubbelkriminaliteitsbeginsel het oor etlike eeue ontwikkel. Dit word gevind in die meeste regstelsels. Die beginsel dien verskeie oogmerke, waarvan staatsoewereiniteit sekerlik die belangrikste is. State pas die beginselop verskillende maniere toe weens die verskeie bestaansredes vir die beginsel. Regsliteratuur tref 'n onderskeid tussen twee belangrike metodes van interpretasie, naamlik die in abstracto en in concreto benaderings. Terwyl die in abstracto metode op die teoretiese strafbaarheid van die handeling fokus, plaas die in concreto benadering klem op die feitelike, persoonlike en konkrete regsaspekte. Daar is kombinasies van hierdie metodes. Meeste state kan geklassifiseer word volgens die twee benaderings, maar tog pas state hierdie benaderings by hul besondere behoeftes aan. Daar is dus geen uniforme metode van interpretasie in internasionale uitleweringsreg nie. Hierdie tesis poog om te bepaal of die dubbelkriminaliteitsbeginsel 'n reël van gemeenregtelike internasionale reg geword het. Alhoewel meeste wetgewing op die terrein van internasionale en nasionale uitleweringsreg die beginsel van dubbelkriminalitiet insluit, is daar sterk meningsverskilonder regsgeleerdes tov die status van die beinsel. Die gevolgtrekking is dat die beginsel nie 'n algemene reël van die internasionale reg is nie. Ten slotte word daar gekyk of die dubbelkriminaliteitsbeginsel as 'n beginsel van internasionale menseregte geklassifiseer kan word. Alhoewel die beginsel ooreemste met menseregtenorme toon - veral die beskerming van die individu in uitleweringsaangeleenthede - is daar 'n aantal aspekte wat d it van menseregte 0 nderskei. I nternasionale uitleweringsreg en internasionale menseregte deel nie dieselfde ontwikkelingsgeskiedenis nie. Die gevolgtrekking is dus dat die dubbelkriminaliteitsbeginsel nie deel vorm van internasionale menseregte nie.
Parsley, Stephen. « Rethinking Legal Retribution ». Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/philosophy_theses/98.
Texte intégralArsego, Djonatan. « Teoria Hegeliana da pena e administração da justiça ». reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2016. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/1846.
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The study developed in this dissertation deals with the Hegelian concept of the administration of justice from the work entitled “Filosofia do Direito” (legal philosophy). (FD, 2003). This Hegelian conception of the administration of the law is part of the concept of the civil society encompassed in ethics, the third part of the philosophy of law. This subsection is composed of paragraphs 209-229, and deals with the application of the law. This paper examines if the institution of the law is real and effective for the society and for its citizens; how the laws are formed and applied in social groups, and why they are so important to the stability and coexistence of people in a state according to the Hegelian theory of law. But how can it be said that the Hegelian right, in its theory of punishment, is stable, in view of the variations in the application of laws? Also, in view of the different ways offenders are judged? These answers will be given in court by the penalty chosen, which is given to each particular case, analyzing the intention for which the citizen has deviated from interacting with other members of society and seeing the damage caused by the offenders. This work also deals with the problems of the "right to say no" and the "right of necessity or emergency". It also incorporates the concepts of intent and unintentional guilt present in Hegelian morality. For the penalty to be effective, it is required that society sees it in the form of codes, which will allow all citizens to recognize them as models, and at the same time as costumes needed for a good living. Therefore, it is important to understand how the laws are formed and actualized in society, as this is the reason for their existence.
Rewinski, Zachary D. « Dostoevsky and Tolstoy's Oblique Responses to the Epidemic of Chernyshevskian Philosophy ». Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1277852390.
Texte intégralWirts, Amelia Marie. « Criminal Oppression : A Non-Ideal Theory of Criminal Law and Punishment ». Thesis, Boston College, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108954.
Texte intégralThis dissertation defines and defends the concept of ‘criminal oppression.’ Criminal oppression occurs when people are excluded from full participation in important social and political institutions because they are perceived to have violated certain community norms. Oppression is primarily a structural phenomenon, in which practices of formal and informal institutions unjustly harm people based on group membership. In structural oppression, there is rarely an individual who can be said to be responsible for the oppression, but I argue that at times, individuals may also be agents of oppression when they create, perpetuate, or exacerbate structural oppression. Applying this theory of oppression, the criminal justice system in the United States is an oppressive structure that unjustly harms those considered to be ‘criminals’ through a variety of practices. There are three categories of unjust practices: policing, adjudication and punishment, and collateral effects of arrest and conviction. These three categories of practices create the social group ‘criminals’ by subjecting certain people to these kinds of treatments. I use the word ‘criminal’ to describe those who are treated as criminals by police, the courts, and even private individuals like employers. To be a ‘criminal,’ it is not necessary that one has committed a crime or been convicted of a crime. Racial and criminal oppression deeply related historically and conceptually. Nevertheless, they are distinct kinds of oppression. In the United States, those who are not racially oppressed but are ‘criminals’ face many of the same unjust obstacles as those who are racially oppressed in addition to being ‘criminals.’ Some may argue that ‘criminals’ duly convicted of crimes deserve to be socially and politically excluded. But, I argue that the criminal justice system is not properly conceived of as an apolitical institution that can assess moral blameworthiness. Nor should it be able to offer punishments that amount to social and political exclusion. Instead, the criminal justice system is one political institution amongst many, and it ought to be governed by the same principles of liberty and equality that govern other political institutions. Criminal law’s proper function is to facilitate government as a system social cooperation. Therefore, it ought to respond to criminal acts with actions designed to promote inclusion rather than exclusion. Moreover, even if someone has committed a crime, that does not mean that they ought to be subject to violence or permanent second-class status. Finally, I address specific, feminism-driven arguments for using the criminal justice system to fight violence against women. Some feminists argue that the expressivist function of punishment—the ability of punishment to express disapproval and disavowal—makes it a perfect tool for fighting the normalization of violence against women. The problem, they contend, is that this violence is under-punished in the United States, and the solution to ending violence against women is to increase prosecutions and advocate for harsher punishments because punishment will change the social norms and make violence against women rarer. To this, I argue that those who create laws or mete out punishments do not have control over the social meaning of punishment with precision. The historical and present-day oppressive features of criminal law and punishment interfere with the ability of prosecution and punishment to condemn certain types of acts without also condemning people. Thus, feminists who try to use the criminal justice system to fight gender-based violence will find it to be ineffective and potentially harmful to the already oppressed group of ‘criminals.” Chapter 1argues that ‘criminals’ are oppressed using a structural model of oppression that focuses on how collections of institutional policies and practices can create and maintain unjust power relations between groups of people. I will also use an externalist theory of group identity to argue that being arrested or convicted of a crime is not necessary or sufficient for membership in the social group ‘criminal.’ Chapter 2 explains the relationship between racial oppression and the oppression of ‘criminals,’ noting the historical development of the modern prison system. Chapter 3 argues that the proper role of criminal law is to support systems of social cooperation, not to punish pre-political wrongs. I will suggest that criminal law is in essence part of the social contract, not a separate sphere of justice to which distinctive, retributive principles apply. Instead, the criminal law cannot determine moral blameworthiness and is only justified in sanctioning rule violations for the sake of supporting social cooperation in a society whose institutions are worth supporting. In Chapter 4, I propose a feminist, expressivist defense of the use of prosecution and harsh punishment as a response to rape and domestic violence that takes the structural nature of violence against women into account. Chapter 5, however, demonstrates why even this theory cannot justify incarceration in the non-ideal sphere because of the oppressive history and practice of the American criminal justice system
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2020
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Philosophy
Chassaing, Olivier. « Réprimer les crimes, reconnaître les torts : la fonction normative de la peine ». Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100088/document.
Texte intégralPunishment is a paradoxical institution of contemporary democratic societies: the abuses and over-penalisation consequences of security policies are criticized, but the impunity of certain crimes remains scandalous and people urge for justice; the abolition of specific kinds of punishments (for instance prison) or the introduction of alternative forms of regulation (such as practices of restorative justice) are claimed, but the difficulty of enforcing law without deterrent sanctions seems inextricable. This dissertation deals with the reasons why such an institution as criminal justice is considered as unavoidable. It advocates that punishment assumes a third role in society, beyond its use as an afflictive instrument or as a vehicle for collective indignation. I call it the normative function of punishment. This function is manifested through various phenomena: penal institutions affirm the fundamental character of certain prohibitions and take part in recognizing wrongs suffered by individuals, even sometimes against the dominant morality; they help renew social norms and distinguish offenses that matter to the state from those that stay invisible; they shape the content and the forms of social conflictuality by raising demands for justice in front of the public authority. The study of this normative function and its consequences regarding the justification of punishment form the two sides of this dissertation. In the first part, I claim that in order to recognize wrongs and injustices, criminal justice can deliberately increase the social suffering and the exclusion of those who are punished. In the second part, I try to understand more fundamentally how penal institutions provide direct practical guides and evaluation criteria to individuals, despite the generality of legal norms and the disagreement that may affect courts’ decisions. In the third and final part, I assess the difficulty to identify criminal conviction with wrongs recognition. If the severity of sentences is indexed to the request of victims, and if judges still intend to limit deserved punishment to one’s culpability, criminal justice is entrusted with the task of accurately assessing the reasons of conflicts between individuals or groups. The problem is that it does so within a framework based (a priori) on three practices: the legal definition of offenses, the imputation of criminal responsibility and the individualization of sentence. This work concludes that punishment cannot be defined as a secondary instrument of deterrence or neutralization. Punishment contributes to resolve conflicts and transform societies’ moral life, which partly explains its resistance to claims of abolitionism or to restorative justice theory. However, criminal justice remains an ambivalent institution, of which justification is unsatisfactory: it is both a mean to express demands for justice and, as it remains in the hands of the state, a source of disappointment regarding these same demands
Gougeon, Nicholas G. D. « Exploring Legal Philosophical and Criminological Knowledge Production Through H. L. A. Hart and Lon L. Fuller ». Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35771.
Texte intégralMoore, Talmadge N. « Citizen perspectives on community policing : an examination of theories, philosophy and principles at work ». Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1221273.
Texte intégralDepartment of Educational Leadership
O'Brien, Karen. « Female verbal crime in northwest England, c. 1590-1675, with special reference to cursing ». Thesis, [Campbelltown, N.S.W. : The Author], 2000. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/54.
Texte intégralStriblen, Cassie Ann. « Recognizing Collective Responsiblities ». University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1181591359.
Texte intégralBriard, Mathilde. « Affect et responsabilité dans la famille : approche technique et philosophique ». Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0167/document.
Texte intégralIn family relations, responsibility mechanism seems to apply themselves with much more difficulty then elsewhere. Whether it engages the responsibility of the married couple, or the one of a parent towards his child, or even to judge a crime of passion, it can be difficult to determine the responsibility or guilt of each party. The affectif element, that is usually not considered like a text of law, is likely to explain this difficulty. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to discover what can be this affect, and if it indeed intervenes in a significant way in family responsibilities. In the classical thought, the affect has no autonomy, in a way that it is always assimilated and reduced to other notions such as emotion or free will. Removing these simplifications, the affect can be an element which can be isolated and clearly identified in the conjugal link or in filiation. Consequently, the affect is a concret element, but also dynamic, in the way it is doted by a normative value. It is therefore able, not only to enlighten family situations for which, civil or penal responsibility must be applied, but must also carry a value, that law may discover and protect
Huthnance, Neil Peter School of Sociology UNSW. « Creativity in the bioglobal age : sociological prospects from seriality to contingency ». Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Sociology, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/25954.
Texte intégralШандра, Б. Б., et B. B. Shandra. « Філософсько-правовий аналіз злочинності як імплементації суспільної свідомості у злочинну діяльність : дисертація ». Thesis, ЛьвДУВС, 2014. http://dspace.lvduvs.edu.ua/handle/1234567890/831.
Texte intégralДисертаційна робота є першим в українській правовій науці філософсько-правовим аналізом злочинності як імплементації суспільної свідомості у злочинну діяльність. Досліджено механізм імплементації суспільної свідомості у злочинну діяльність крізь призму мультианалітичного пізнання онтологічного, гносеологічного та аксіологічного вимірів концепту «злочин». Обґрунтовано, що з позиції філософсько-правової науки потенції духовно-аксіологічного компонента людської екзистенції є основною силою векторизації особистості в цивілізаційному і трансцендентному вимірах буття та зумовлює правову чи протиправову визначеність її діяльності. Удосконалено моделі філософсько-правових експлікацій злочинності, які уможливили виокремлення соціального значення проблеми правопорушень, оскільки його існування розглядалося через сутнісне вираження злочинності в соціокультурному просторі, то виникла потреба в дослідженні філософсько- правових засад вивчення об’єкта та суб’єкта в контексті соціальних детермінант злочинності. Вивчення цього питання призвело до усвідомлення ідеї нерозривності та динамічності структури, утвореної внаслідок співіснування суб’єкта та об’єкта злочину. Dissertation is the first in the Ukrainian legal science philosophical and legal analysis of crime as a social consciousness in the implementation of criminal 19 activity. Justified that position with a legal and philosophical science spiritual potency axiological component of human existence are the main force in the civilizational identity vectorization and transcendent dimensions of life and determine the legal certainty or antilegal its activities. Shown that measures decriminalizing society should be based on binary ethical and axiological existential-methodology implies a negative aspect (the fight against crime by introducing penal and correctional measures) and a positive aspect (promoting social rehabilitation of offenders) of humanitarian policy. Clarified the nationalization and globalization of crime, in particular, drew attention to the influence of mental, gender, age and other factors on the implementation of social consciousness in criminal activity. Was further developed philosophical and legal analysis of crime as a social phenomenon in the context of which were outlined ontological essence of the criminal and disharmonious society that prompted regarded as being ontological disease. The features of globalization and nationalization of crime, in particular, pay attention to the impact of mental, gender, age and other factors on the implementation of social consciousness in criminal activity. The methodology of studying the complex philosophical and legal and social nature of crime, which involves understanding the different approaches to the understanding of this phenomenon – a classic, positivist biological and social. The study found the shortcomings of these approaches, deterministic or summary of the entire multi-dimensional human being a limited component, or ignoring important metaphysically oriented layer of the human person.
Шандра, Б. Б., et B. B. Shandra. « Філософсько-правовий аналіз злочинності як імплементації суспільної свідомості у злочинну діяльність : дисертація ». Thesis, ЛьвДУВС, 2014. http://dspace.lvduvs.edu.ua/handle/1234567890/830.
Texte intégralДисертаційна робота є першим в українській правовій науці філософсько-правовим аналізом злочинності як імплементації суспільної свідомості у злочинну діяльність. Досліджено механізм імплементації суспільної свідомості у злочинну діяльність крізь призму мультианалітичного пізнання онтологічного, гносеологічного та аксіологічного вимірів концепту «злочин». Обґрунтовано, що з позиції філософсько-правової науки потенції духовно-аксіологічного компонента людської екзистенції є основною силою векторизації особистості в цивілізаційному і трансцендентному вимірах буття та зумовлює правову чи протиправову визначеність її діяльності. Удосконалено моделі філософсько-правових експлікацій злочинності, які уможливили виокремлення соціального значення проблеми правопорушень, оскільки його існування розглядалося через сутнісне вираження злочинності в соціокультурному просторі, то виникла потреба в дослідженні філософсько- правових засад вивчення об’єкта та суб’єкта в контексті соціальних детермінант злочинності. Вивчення цього питання призвело до усвідомлення ідеї нерозривності та динамічності структури, утвореної внаслідок співіснування суб’єкта та об’єкта злочину. Dissertation is the first in the Ukrainian legal science philosophical and legal analysis of crime as a social consciousness in the implementation of criminal 19 activity. Justified that position with a legal and philosophical science spiritual potency axiological component of human existence are the main force in the civilizational identity vectorization and transcendent dimensions of life and determine the legal certainty or antilegal its activities. Shown that measures decriminalizing society should be based on binary ethical and axiological existential-methodology implies a negative aspect (the fight against crime by introducing penal and correctional measures) and a positive aspect (promoting social rehabilitation of offenders) of humanitarian policy. Clarified the nationalization and globalization of crime, in particular, drew attention to the influence of mental, gender, age and other factors on the implementation of social consciousness in criminal activity. Was further developed philosophical and legal analysis of crime as a social phenomenon in the context of which were outlined ontological essence of the criminal and disharmonious society that prompted regarded as being ontological disease. The features of globalization and nationalization of crime, in particular, pay attention to the impact of mental, gender, age and other factors on the implementation of social consciousness in criminal activity. The methodology of studying the complex philosophical and legal and social nature of crime, which involves understanding the different approaches to the understanding of this phenomenon – a classic, positivist biological and social. The study found the shortcomings of these approaches, deterministic or summary of the entire multi-dimensional human being a limited component, or ignoring important metaphysically oriented layer of the human person.
Beals, Fiona. « Reading between the lines : representations and constructions of youth and crime in Aotearoa New Zealand : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Education / ». ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/71.
Texte intégralSabushatse, Antoine. « Husserl et la crise des sciences : crise des sciences, crise de la philosophie ». Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010552.
Texte intégralSnow, Seth David. « Raskolnikov and the Problem of Values ». University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1374229306.
Texte intégralGil, Cidália Maria Safara Estopa. « Ironia e autoreflexividade nas novelas policiárias de Fernando Pessoa ». Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/15189.
Texte intégralSamson, David. « La crise environnementale : critique historique et philosophique des notions de conscience écologique et de rationalité instrumentale ». Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0072.
Texte intégralThis theoretical and empirical work aims to question two concepts which structure environmental studies and philosophy of technology: “ecological consciousness” (or “environmental awareness”) and “instrumental rationality”. In itself, it is also a reflexion on the relations between philosophy and social sciences and on transdisciplinarity, often considered as a central trait of “postmodernity” and of the “rule of technology”. In order to do so, il uses various sources (legal, political, mediatics and academics) and several experiences of participant observation to participative democracy apparatuses (in particular at the French High Council of Biotechnologies).By furthering the criticism of the “reflexive Modernity” paradigm, the first part analyzes the problematization of the “environment” in France (1870-1945) and in Germany (1900-1945). The genealogy of environmental governability and of expertise leads to question the opposition between “anthropocentrism” and “biocentrism” and to reconceptualize the idea of a sudden “environmental awareness”. We will rather conceptualize the “environment” as a composite, variable, heterogene and potentially contradictory agencement.This will also lead us to substitue to the conceptual triangle “Technology-Environment-Modernity” a four terms diamond, “Technology-Environment-Modernity-Nazism”. Notwithstanding the role of technology in the Holocaust and Heidegger’s particular status, the analysis of nazism leads us to question the equivocity of calls to live “in harmony with nature” and to “control technology” as well as the idea that we could identify an “occidental relation to nature”.In our second part, the commentary of Heidegger and of the Frankfurt School allows us to analyze the notion of “instrumental rationality” and the idea that anthrpocentrism would be the cause of the environmental crisis. Calling on history of philosophy as well as on the problematization of historical and legal cases, we will henceforth analyze common problems to the critique of technology and environmental ethics, in particular the notions of an “ecological conversion” and of the indermination of technology . We will in particular treat of the project of a technical and environmental democracy and of its limits. The main aim of this work is henceforth to think differently the environment, technology and sciences, but also law and politics which aims to regulate them and thus confront the environmental crisis
Chandelier, Cédric. « Crise des mathématiques et de la physique et réflexion philosophique de 1890 à 1910 en France ». Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON30093.
Texte intégralBetween 1890 and 1910, the reflection of French epistemologists – inspiredby the transformations in physics and mathematics – take the form of therehabilitation of a natural link between science and philosophy, which ends in aninstitutionalisation of that link. The debates that pit intellectualism against antiintellectualismreveal a paradoxical historical continuism. Epistemologicalconscience presents itself as a reflection of the movement which is imparted to thebasis of every theory. The union between conventionalism and Bergsonism in a newpositivism, the one of “spirit”, tends to turn the thesis of liberty into a “doctrine”.The metaphysical resistances which oppose dogmatisation of epistemologicalconscience, instead of weakening the tendency towards incompletion of anessentially comprehensive and enduring critical condition, nourish the imperfectionof the incipient synthesis. Intellectualism and anti-intellectualism concur in adefinitive renunciation of the thing-in-itself. The conventionalist ambition toreconcile creation and agreement estranges the “new” epistemological current fromits Poincarian and Bergsonian sources which make it possible to measure theontological range of scientific relativity
Boukra, Liess. « De la crise de la sociologie au problème de son objet ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212881.
Texte intégralSinding, Richard. « Essai sur le concept de crise ». Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010515.
Texte intégralThe word and the notion of crisis appear in many philosophical texts, from Rousseau to Sartre and Merleau-Ponty, among others. The study tries to show that there is a notion of crisis which is specificaly and properly a philosophical one, owing nothing to the metaphor. The philosophical notion of crisis is the key figure of a special logic, the transcedantal one, which is both the logic of philosophy, the logic of critic and the logic of a transcendantal medecin. This medecin deals with an object which, unlike the object of the empiric medecin and unlike whatever object of the theoretic reason, is never separated from the subject but organicaly united to it. The transcendantal medecin takes care of that special organism and the object which is united to the subject by that organism is the transcendantal accident as synthetic predicate in the synthetic a priori judgement. The philosophical crisis is the contact between the logic subject and that very special predicate
Danlos, Julien. « De l'idée de crimes contre l'humanité en droit international ». Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00541833.
Texte intégralCitron, Chiara. « L’imaginaire de la crise dans l’oeuvre en prose d’Alphonse Daudet ». Thesis, Lille 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL30057.
Texte intégralThe purpose of this thesis is to account for a variety of topics in Alphonse Daudet’s novels referring to the concept of crisis in values from a corpus of texts between 1866 and 1897. To offer a rewriting of the patterns of Daudet’s social perspective, I provide an original view of the crisis by articulating three different aspects: first, the references to the historical background underline a historical form of crisis that I analyze from a chronological point of view. Second, the ideological perception of the characters and their evolution reveal a process of search for identity characterized by an inner form of crisis which is extended to the entire society. The analysis of a typical character such as the artist and writer shows the extension of this devaluation in the social sphere: Daudet’s last novels explore the legacy of Schopenhauer’s and Darwin’s theories. The third part is based on the hypothesis that the social pattern of the family reveals a form of inversion in values. This hypothesis is confirmed by the study of the narrative function of three specific roles : the child and his process of development, motherhood and fatherhood as far as their evolution as a couple and the relationship with childhood is presented. The conclusion is the emergence of a dysfunction that might also affect the intimate sphere. Thus, reconstructing the structure of Daudet’s point of view as far as society is perceived might offer us new models of interpreting his role as a writer and the function of writing
Bussy, Florent. « Le totalitarisme : la philosophie à l'épreuve de l'histoire ». Marne-la-Vallée, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MARN0258.
Texte intégralTotalitarianism has been a major event of the 20th century. It fostered unprecedented violence motivated by the fantasy of a society eager to be “one”, that is to say a society completely enclosed on itself with power and society being one and the same thing and characterized by a refusal of differences and contradictions. The visible signs of this is the terrifying division of individuals into two categories : “the chosen” promised to salvation and humanity’s enemies doomed to death. But totalitarianism has indeed origins. It is deeply rooted in our modern times and the various crisis that occurred at the beginning of the century. Studying its origins enables us to understand better the roots of the totalitarian systems. Thus the first World War can be seen as the source of the immense violence of totalitarianism, because this war was actually the first “total war”. The concept of totalitarianism has divided intellectuals and politicians because it implies a connection between communism and nazism beyond their ideological differences. This is why a very close study is necessary to analyse the objections that it aroused and the limits of its validity. Totalitarianism brought about a radical questioning of the principles which are at the basis of modern politics (liberty, constitutional power, rationality) but it has also inherited the specific historical conditions of our modern times (an atomisation of the masses, modern means of communication and new modes of government), this will lead us to question the ambiguities of our modern values. However, does that mean that after this experience of totalitarianism, which can be seen as the tragedy of our century, all higher aspirations such as utopia or democracy are ruled out ? In our attempt to explain the meaning of the totalitarian it would perhaps be more appropriate to show that politics cannot aspire to an absolute Revolution to an ideal of “oneness”, without leading to unfathomable barbarity and “absolute evil”
Uwodi, Monu M. « La philosophie et l'africanité : le rationalisme comme remède à la crise en Afrique ». Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010535.
Texte intégralPrat, Michel. « Karl Korsch : de "Marxisme et philosophie" à la "Crise du marxisme" : 1923-1930 ». Paris, EHESS, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988EHES0040.
Texte intégralPrat, Michel. « Karl Korsch de "Marxisme et philosophie" à la "Crise du marxisme", 1923-1930 / ». Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37617716k.
Texte intégralFlipo, Fabrice. « En quoi la crise environnementale contribue-telle à renouveler la question de la justice ? Le cas du changement climatique ». Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957797.
Texte intégralVidal, Maria Jos ? da Concei??o Souza. « Raz?o : origem, crise e respostas contempor?neas ». Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2007. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16444.
Texte intégralThe philosophical discussion has been present throughout the whole history of reason, for philosophy and reason have been always closely linked. In the following work, Reason, origin, crises and contemporary answers I go into the history of the rational and demonstrative thought, focusing on how rationality can be thought about in contemporary philosophy. To answer this question I discuss the principle of philosophy, the mythical period and the thoughts of Heraclito , Parmenides , Plato and Aristotle in relation to reason and rationality. Also discussed is the medieval period and the philosophical use of logic and the criticism of Aristotle s thoughts, especially focusing on the criticism of Hegel and Luckasiewicz of the non contradiction principle. Lastly I discuss the development of reason in present day philosophy, mainly how modern logics could be putting at stake Aristotle s model of reason
A discuss?o que permeia a hist?ria da raz?o ? o debate filos?fico por excel?ncia, uma vez que raz?o e filosofia andam juntas. Assim, em Raz?o - origem, crise e respostas contempor?neas, o objetivo desta pesquisa se d? a partir de olhares na hist?ria do desenvolvimento do pensamento racional e demonstrativo. Com esses olhares problematizaremos como se pode pensar na filosofia contempor?nea a racionalidade. Quais os princ?pios de racionalidade norteiam a nossa no??o atual de raz?o? Para buscar respostas retornaremos ao princ?pio da filosofia, passaremos pela fase dos mitos, analisaremos as contribui??es de Her?clito e Parm?nides as primeiras concep??es de raz?o e veremos os desdobramentos destas com Plat?o e Arist?teles. Este ?ltimo sendo o personagem desse desenvolvimento da racionalidade antiga. A partir da? entram em cena os medievais e o uso filos?fico da l?gica, por conseguinte discutiremos as vozes questionadoras ao pensamento aristot?lico, Hegel e sua cr?tica ao princ?pio de n?o-contradi??o, assim como as indaga??es e cr?ticas de Lukasiewicz. Nessa perspectiva veremos o est?gio atual do desenvolvimento da raz?o, com as l?gicas modernas que se contrap?em ao modelo de raz?o pautado por Arist?teles e desse modo consideraremos como pensar a racionalidade nos dias atuais
Marques, Rodrigo Vieira. « Merleau-Ponty e a crise da razão ». Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4787.
Texte intégralABSTRACT This work takes its point of departure in Merleau-Ponty s Philosophy, centered in the notion of Crisis of Reason , basing itself on the presupposition that this is a fundamental concept of contemporary phenomenology. In the Cartesian thought, already it was possible to find the idea of the crisis, however, it was the finding of a crisis of sciences . Something similar was also in Valery, especially when he speaks of a crisis of spirit . The novelty of Husserl was exactly in showing that the crisis, as he lived it, was deeper, shook the Reason itself. This work assumes the task of showing that, not limiting to a crisis of sciences, of the spirit or of Reason itself, Merleau-Ponty discusses a present crisis in the man himself, or rather, in the diverse points of view that has about him. In this sense, his philosophical project is based, primarily, on the attempt to establish a dialogue with the points of view of the philosophy and of the science. Therefore, an inquiry of the divergence of these points, is warranted, elucidating not only the scenario in which the conflict is, but also its genesis. Likewise, starting from a Merleau-Pontian understanding of the crisis, finally, this study also assumes the task of asking about the repercussions of this crisis in the relation of philosophical knowledge to itself, then, in the way of his own philosophy to understand its history, being, therefore, the importance of this incursion in the desire to explain what, according to Merleau-Ponty, would be a possible way of overcoming.
Este trabalho parte de uma leitura da filosofia de Merleau-Ponty centrada na nocao de Crise da Razao , fundamentando-se no pressuposto de que se trata de um conceito fundamental da fenomenologia contemporanea. No pensamento cartesiano, ja era possivel encontrar a ideia de crise, porem, tratava-se da constatacao de uma crise das ciencias . Algo semelhante havia tambem em Valery, especialmente ao se falar de uma crise do espirito . A novidade de Husserl estava justamente em mostrar que a crise, tal como ele a vivia, era mais profunda, abalava a propria Razao. Este trabalho assume a tarefa de mostrar que, nao se limitando a uma crise das ciencias, do espirito ou da propria Razao, Merleau-Ponty discute uma crise presente no proprio homem, ou antes, nos diversos pontos de vista que se tem a seu respeito. E neste sentido que o seu projeto filosofico se fundamenta, em primeiro lugar, na tentativa de estabelecer um dialogo entre os pontos de vista da filosofia e da ciencia. Por conseguinte, justifica-se uma investigacao da divergencia destes pontos, procurando elucidar nao so o cenario no qual o conflito se encontra, mas tambem a sua genese. Do mesmo modo, partindo de uma compreensao merleau-pontiana da crise, por fim, este trabalho assume tambem a tarefa de se indagar acerca da repercussao desta mesma crise na relacao do saber filosofico consigo mesmo, logo, no modo da propria filosofia entender a sua historia, estando, pois, a importancia desta incursao no ensejo de explicitar o que, para Merleau- Ponty, seria uma possivel via de superacao.
Scrivener, Gladys. « Rescuing the rising generation : industrial schools in New South Wales, 1850-1910 ». Thesis, [Campbelltown, N.S.W. : The Author], 1996. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/376.
Texte intégralCambray, Carole. « Crise de la representation dans la salome d'oscar wilde et chez ses illustrateurs ». Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR20005.
Texte intégralToutut, Jean-Philippe. « Processus de crise : continuites et changements au cours d'une transition psychosociale ». Toulouse 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU20049.
Texte intégralCrisis in the words of lagadec (1995) is an "upsurge, upheaval and severance", a state rather than a process that is generally extended by some form of transition. It is illustrated here through the experience of unemployment. Of the two theories which embrace unemployment, psychoanalysis places crisis at the centre of the subject, while systemics places the subject at the centre of a crisis. - in the first case, crisis is decompensatory, characterised by loss (dumesnil, 1980) and harking back to the past rusk (1971) maintains that "the loss of a job may represent the loss of a mother" grieving (freud, 1926) aids the process of transition (winicott, 1951, kaes, 1979). - in the second case, crisis is linked to events that undermine methods of regulation (morin. 1976): crisis has a change-related function, is causally independent (nizard. 1991 or weick 1996) and transforms representations during a "psychosocial transition" (parkes, 1971). A synthesis of the two theories is possible : the theory of personalisation (mairieu, baubion, tap) and the thematics of activity systems (curie, hajjar, baubion) can account for both historicity and environment. People undergoing an unemployment crisis were asked about how far their past was a factor in their emotions, representations, values and strategies. Their responses and the relationships between responses were compared, as were the intensity and meaning of changes that occured, and links within and between crisis components. The recurrence and creation of certain contents, reactions, links, etc. Emerged simultaneously. A "combined" explanatory model that goes further than either psychoanalysis or systemics should include (cf weick) the equivocality of meanings and "self", and the inter-determination of the subject and the societal, as a creative extension of the activity system. This combined model has been found to be operational in a wide range of situations
Jacquin, Frédéric Nicolas. « Le crime d'empoisonnement et son imaginaire dans la France du XVIIIème siècle ». Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040114.
Texte intégralIn the 19th century studying poisoning was carried out mainly by the " Positivist " school. Historians considered that the stories belonged to classic historiography as the expression of superstition which decreased in the 18th century. But the judicial archives of the jurisdiction of the Parliament in Paris revealed the existence of numerous poisoning affairs brought before the Court betwenn 1700 and 1790. The choice of our study was the choice of a history anxious to take into account people's imagination and the systems of representation those murders had developed. The discovery of poisoning was the cause of deep anguish combined with the image of a violent death. The observation on the bodies of the victims of lesions due very often to arsenic helped to create a terrifying atmosphere. Informed, the people of the law would go to the spot of the drama in order to certify the murder. During the investigations, the judges entrusted doctors with the task of doing the forensic examinations. But above all the gathering of material proof and evidence allowed to understand the context of every case. Considered as a food-linked murder, poisoning was very close to the skill of food preparation. Mixed to the daily meals poison would produce smells which created a very aggressive olfactory atmosphere opposed to the smell produced by sweet medecine. The inquieries to discover the culprit were based on plans born of people's imagination in which women were the main instigators of murders. Associated with the image of witchcraft, the stereotype of poisoner gradually broke with this image to be a model on his own right. Being the symbol of a despicable person, he was severely punished. But at the end of the 18th century, the act he was charged with was no longer associated with the idea of murder. The medical study showed that violent deaths could be due to natural intoxication
Mazaleigue-Labaste, Julie. « " Histoire de la perversion sexuelle. Émergence et transformations du concept de perversion sexuelle dans la psychiatrie de 1797 à 1912 " ». Phd thesis, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00780176.
Texte intégralOtt, Laurent. « Crise de la Famille ou de la conception de la Famille ». Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR20021.
Texte intégralChopin, Jean-Pierre. « De la crise à l'espoir ou le nihilisme constructeur chez Paul Valéry ». Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA040135.
Texte intégralNauert, Charles Garfield Liard Véronique. « Agrippa et la crise de la pensée à la Renaissance / ». Paris : Éd. Dervy, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38809483n.
Texte intégralAbdelhamid, Mahmoud Hassan. « Concepts juridiques et métaphysique : réflexion à partir de la crise contemporaine du concept de propriété ». Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100029.
Texte intégralLojkine, Boris. « Crise et histoire : le problème d'une pensée philosophique du présent au XXe siècle ». Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100084.
Texte intégralHuang, Kuan-Min. « Schelling et la crise de la métaphysique ». Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040002.
Texte intégralSilva, Luiz Ben Hassanal Machado da [UNIFESP]. « A crise da objetividade, a epistemologia popperiana e o “programa de Heisenberg” ». Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2015. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/39234.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Nessa investigação nos concentraremos no período de consolidação da teoria quântica, sobretudo naquilo que toca o livro A Lógica da Pesquisa Científica, de 1934. O centro da investigação é à crítica de Popper ao pensamento indutivista e subjetivista de Heisenberg, que por meio de considerações da filosofia da linguagem e com o apoio de defensores da filosofia positivista, construiu com outros partidários da chamada Interpretação de Copenhague a interpretação hegemônica da teoria quântica. O dedutivismo realista de Popper , apresentado no livro Lógica da Pesquisa Científica, visa combater essa visão, através de uma defesa da objetividade e do realismo que escapou dos limites da Epistemologia e ganhou ares éticos. Popper defendeu a Interpretação Estatística, que é um ramo da teoria corpuscular. Demonstraremos como que a interpretação acerca do alcance da Epistemologia opõe esses pensadores. Para Heisenberg a objetividade devia ser deixada de lado, a partir da constatação empírica do Princípio de Incerteza. O método científico deve, segundo o físico alemão, limitar os conceitos da linguagem clássica e aplica-los nas descrições dos fenômenos quânticos segundo as limitações operacionais dos conceitos. Para Popper, a metodologia dispensa questões linguísticas e apreende o método científico como sendo baseado na testabilidade, o que impõe que a análise epistemológica seja feita somente após a teoria ter sido conjecturada. Investigaremos a partir do pensamento de Popper e veremos como sua defesa do falseacionismo impõe uma interpretação da teoria quântica diferente daquela preconizada por Heisenberg.
In this investigation we will focus on the period of consolidation of the quantum theory, specially, on what concerns the book Logic of Scientific Discovery, of 1934. The center of this investigation is the Popper‟s critics to the inductivism and subjectivism of Heisenberg thought that, through concepts of the philosophy of language and the support of positivist philosophy advocates, built with other supporters of Copenhagen Interpretation, the hegemonic interpretation of quantum theory. The realistic deductivism of Popper, submitted in the Logic of Scientific Discovery, aim to tackle this position, through a defense of objectivity and realism that pushed the boundaries of epistemology and acquired ethical air. Popper supported the statistical interpretation of quantum theory, a branch of corpuscular interpretation. We will show how the interpretation of the epistemological range opposes these thinkers. To Heisenberg the objectivity must be set apart from the empirical realization of the Principle of Uncertainty. The scientific method, according to the German physicist, must limit the concepts of classical language and apply them in the quantum phenomena descriptions according to the operational limitations of concepts. According to Popper, the methodology exempts linguistic questions and perceives the scientific method as grounded on testability, which imposes that the epistemological analysis has to be made only after the theory has been conjectured. We will investigate from the thought of Popper and we will see how his defense of falseacionism imposes an interpretation of the quantum theory different from those preconized by Heisenberg.
Conte, Flavia. « Marges philosophiques de l'enseignement dans la crise contemporaine de l'épistémè ». Paris 8, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA083171.
Texte intégralThis thesis intends to study the specificity of teaching language by contrast with other types of speech and faces the question of philosophical responsability regarding to the legitimation of the educational transmission of knowledge. Our main hypothesis implies that the conceptual and symbolical part played by philosophy in order to establish the bond that historically ties teaching and knowledge – since its first greek coming out – is still remaining essential. If we agree with the idea that since the apparition of philosophical logos, the teaching question starts being the relevant factor which allows a culture of criticism, it means the enunciative system produced by philosophy, at its birth as well as at its fall, will fully appoint the pragmatic reaching effect of knowledge transmission. The contemporary crisis of philosophy, the cultural background main lines of which are designed by the “postmodern”, is at the same time a teaching crisis, as far as the argument involves the symbolical order of the epistemical legitimation that founds teaching. The question is wether – that’s where the thesis is at stake – the fall of the demonstrative, apofantical and denotative form of knowledge and the contemporaneous rise of autoreferent performativity, – a typical phenomenon of postmodern languages ruled by the deconstruction of any theorical order–, may be also considered as the signs of an inevitable destitution of the teaching speech
Frère, Dubost Marie-Hélène. « L'enfant, l'École et la crise de la Modernité ». Paris 8, 2008. http://octaviana.fr/document/137814240#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Texte intégralAt the heart of the issue of double question about subjection, - obedience and freedom – which structures Modernity, a theory of school practice that we analyse from educational historians' works, a legislative corpus and institutional texts, is taking part in a privileged way in elaboration of the subject defined as the main idea of autonomy. Therefore, the man is man through education, and this clause opens up to the School the establishment of a specific principle of normalization, by internalizing standard, which is the subject as free and rational subject of a power. But modern School that republican school brilliantly personifies here reveals his Achilles heel. It must meet the crisis of humanistic culture that is principle, which takes its full potential with the spread of theories which, from the late nineteenth century, seek to establish the dead philosophies of the subject and attack in the declination of relativism, the idea of universal. When in this context is the development of individualism, which dissolves children in self-affirmation of the individual child, when egalitarian claims exacerbate and burden educational relationship as the relationship of authority, the School is seized by doubt. Because the difficulty educational action is facing today, is attributed to the crisis of the authority of school, crisis echoes an educational ideology that works to problematize transmission, that makes obstacle to the democratization of access to knowledge that this ideology is often claimed explicitly