Thèses sur le sujet « Coût des capitaux propres »
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Wasilewski, Mélanie. « Contribution à la connaissance du carbone pour la gestion de portefeuille : implication pour le coût des capitaux propres ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025BORD0001.
Texte intégralFrom a financial point of view, the carbon metric is complex to define and measure. Nevertheless, carbon plays a major role in investors' analysis and decision-making strategies, as it has a direct influence on the valuation of companies. The literature shows that the cost of carbon has a significant influence on the cost of equity. This link allows us to set out three major hypotheses based on risk modulation, the search for legitimacy and investor preference. We were able to identify various types of carbon indicator. Our work then consists of associating these hypotheses with the indicators in order to identify different portfolio management strategies. Such strategies are guided by investors' intentions, which vary according to their personal commitment, their level of constraint and their environment. Investors then legitimate their portfolio mix on the basis of different assessments of this data. We show that carbon data modifies the cost of equity capital for European companies listed on the STOXX 600 index. We use the Fama and French model extended to carbon in order to identify the differences between brown and green stocks. In addition, we found that carbon performance is assessed differently depending on the business sector. This finding encourages investors to identify and choose companies that are committed to reducing their carbon emissions, thereby reducing their cost of capital
Gauthier, Jack. « Les fonds propres des entreprises : les mesures juridiques et fiscales permettant aux entreprises d'augmenter leurs fonds propres ». Lyon 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO33007.
Texte intégralThe legal context of the notion of equity is discussed initially to show that this review covers both legal and fiscal measures which it is the responibility of companies to implement. The author believes that companies should increase their equity rather then borronwing. Legal and fiscal measures designed to encourage firms to increase their equity are examined with reference to both ways and means. To demonstrate how companies can strengthen their equity, the legal and fiscal solutions available have been analysed, and the way in which the legislative authority has sought to accelerate increases in share capital has been revealed. This operation, like a declared increase in year-end results, can receive support from the fiscal authorities. The means by which firms can increase their equity are concentrated on the creation of new transferable shares. The study deals with these in 3 separate chapters, depending on whether their issue implies subscribing for shares, maintaining corporate independence or making an obligatory increase in registered capital. In conclusion, the suppression of the common market members' frontiers on january ist. 1993 is discussed
Harmatallah, Ali. « Le rôle des capitaux propres dans la stratégie financière des banques ». Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100179/document.
Texte intégralThe subprime financial crisis confirms the importance for banks to have sufficient equity to meet the economic uncertainties and operational risks and to ensure their solvency. In this context arises the question of flexibility and its use in banking. It appears that a better capitalization allows capturing opportunities and open options for growth. Moreover, recent developments (crises, consolidation, growth, etc.) demonstrate the importance of the financial value of flexibility. These two classical aspects in corporate finance take a specific twist according to the regulatory and operating environment of the banking sector.The results that emerged from our studies allow us to comment on the essential role of the flexibility and financial performance in the value creation process in banks. In addition, these results showed that a higher level of shareholders’ equity, than the minimum required, is beneficial and contributed, under certain conditions, to improve the market value of systemic banks. The systemic banks are forced to invest more in financial flexibility according to capital buffers. Such banks will not need to seek for help from markets when in financial distress. However, any change in the financial structure through the capital increase is regarded negatively by the markets. But, investors react differently to the announcement of the capital increase, according to the announced motivations
Bale, Esso-Houna. « Les fonds propres des établissements de crédit ». Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CLF10141.
Texte intégralThe equity capitals are funded capitals that are in bank for a long time and can be used to amortize loss without the durability of bank been threatened. The banks regulations distinguish the basis equity capitals and the complementary equity capitals. The equity capitals are one of the criterions by which one can estimate financial solidity of banks and calculate various ratios that loans societies must respect in their daily management. Those ratios are used to appreciate the solvency of loan's societies. The implemention of those ratios require banks not to increase their activities if they do not have the equity capitals necessary to respect regular ratios. The ability of loan's societies to increase their activities depends on their capacities to augment their equity capitals. The equity capitals have become a basic factor of banking strategy
Aubry, Caroline. « La structure financière des entreprises françaises ». Toulouse 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU10035.
Texte intégralThe aim of this study is to evaluate the capital structure of French firms. First, we established a statistical statement from 1985 to 1995 based on Bach data (Bank for the Accounts of Companies Harmonized) and made a survey of fifty bankers. Both highlighted the financial weakness of the French firm compared with its foreign counterparts and bankers' norms for capital structure, and of small and medium-sized French firms compared with larger ones. Secondly, we reviewed theoretical methods as well as empirical studies of French data (1), carried out an empirical analysis based on a large sample of firms from eight countries using the linear regression method (2), and calculated fiscal distortion factors using the King-Fullerton method (3). These three elements lead us to identify financial and institutional factors which explain the differences of capital structure country by country and in terms of relative size. Finally, we propose a number of coherent measures to strengthen the French corporate capital base stimulating the demand for equities and improving financing for the smaller firms
Zhang, Xia. « L'appréhension de la croissance dans les modèles d'évaluation ». Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL20007.
Texte intégralThis research proposes an analysis of equity valuation of firm, obtained from the models valuing economic rents. The quality of the estimations depends on the pertinence of the hypothesis and the empirical calibration of these models. In the first place, the theoretical foundations of different hypotheses on the growth rate and/or the persistence level of economic rent and the influence of these hypotheses on equity valuation are analyzed. Through the abnormal earnings growth model, we show that the economic rent of the new investment or the abnormal earnings growth should converge towards zero due to the market competition. This proposition, different from Ohlson and Juettner-Nauroth’s assumption often adopted in prior studies, is found having sensitive influence on equity valuation. The asymptotic analysis of valuation ratios in the second chapter of this thesis underlines these aspects while being immune from the bias and the difficulties that the empirical studies on this issue could induce. This research notably proposes an explanation for the problem of systematic overvaluation of equity by the abnormal earnings growth model. In the second place, to improve the calibration of the abnormal earnings growth model, a method is proposed to estimate the firm-specific persistence level of the abnormal earnings growth. In the last chapter, an analytical model is proposed to synthesize the two main approaches concerning rent modeling: the residual income valuation model and the abnormal earnings growth model. A linear valuation equation is derived from the analytical model and mobilized to characterize the value relevance of the short-term earnings variation forecasted by financial analysts
Parachkevova, Irina. « Le pouvoir de l'investisseur professionnel dans la société cotée / ». Paris : LGDJ, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39991870n.
Texte intégralBibliogr. p. 197-236. Index.
Graeff, Imke Johanna. « Rethinking bank shareholder equity ». Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E065.
Texte intégralThe thesis introduces a new accounting method based upon the distinction between shareholder equity and the residual entity equity. Shareholder equity presents the actual contributions of shareholders to the bank entity. It allows for the analysis of bank’s equity position in light of a transformed idea of shareholding as experienced in recent years. The measure identifies and visualises equity transactions of banks relating to shareholders; and with it, allows for the analysis of the two main shaping forces of bank equity: financialized corporate strategy which seeks to economize the bank equity position; and regulatory capita lwhich provides a risk buffer to absorb eventual losses. Addressees of these two forces are shareholders who pressure banks to follow generous distribution policies and society at largewhich demands a safe and sound banking system. This trade-off between return to shareholders and a sufficient equity base is well documented in the pre-crisis and post-crisis period. Our analysis of shareholder equity position applies to nine European banks between 2001 and 2015. It reveals substantial distributions at the detriment of financial solvency concerns. Shareholder contributions to the bank entity as well as to regulatory capital werelimited in the pre-crisis period, with rather modest improvements in the post-crisis perioddespite substantial capital injections. Findings suggest that, in an era of financialized corporate strategy, sufficient levels of high quality capital are essential to safeguard general interest and prevent banks to become financial investment vehicles for their shareholders
Cordier, Blandine. « Le renforcement des fonds propres dans les sociétés anonymes ». Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010280.
Texte intégralBecause many french companies have been weakened by excessive debt, legislators have adopted laws aimed at encouraging such companies to reinforce their stockholder's equity. These measures have involved, on the one hand, the improvement of the traditional methods for increasing capital and, on the other hand, the diversification of financial products, with or without an effect on the voting control of the company and extended the legal concept of stockholder's equity to include quasi and assimilated stockholder's equity. In order to assure the efficient use of these financial products, a company must rely on the collaboration of its various partners. The public authorities have sought to favor the participation and integration of a company's internal and external actors, i. E. The corporate partners (employee shareholders) and financiers (institutional investors, listing on the exchange known as the "second marche"). But if, in the final analysis, it appears necessary to reinforce stockholder's equity in french companies, experience has revealed the difficulties, sometimes insurmontable, in trying to bring together the offer and demand for risk capital. It is questionable whether risk capital is capable of overcoming the alternative of self-financing and indebtedness and replacing the traditional method of providing funds
Janson, Nathalie. « La demande optimale de capitaux propres de la firme bancaire et l'impact des autorités monétaires et bancaires : comparaison des cas américain et français 1920-87 ». Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010033.
Texte intégralDecroix, Yann. « Du capital social à la situation nette ». Rouen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ROUED001.
Texte intégralShare capital, as a guarantee to creditors and gauge of the rights and powers of shareholders, is dead. Its failure justifies putting forward a new legal tool : the "net book position". This notion, which reflects the solvency of a company and the value of its patrimony, satisfies the "mutual interest of creditors and third patries", which resides in the belief or assurance that such company will fulfill its obligations and their expectations. It allows a satisfactory evaluation of the solvency and the value of a company, which enables a judgement to be made on its ability to fulfill such obligations and expectations, and which is the issue of creditors and third patries'protection. With respect to shareholders, "net book position"reveals the true extent of their financial and voting rights within a company. This notion also allows us to take a closer look at the reality of power within companies and to ascertain and protect their economic perennation
Ait, Bihi Abdelhamid. « Les déterminants du niveau des fonds propres dans le secteur bancaire et impact de la règlementation prudentielle ». Bordeaux 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR40075.
Texte intégralMeero, Abdelrhman. « L'influence des fonds propres sur les stratégies bancaires : le cas de secteur bancaire syrien ». Bordeaux 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR40014.
Texte intégralIn the last two decades, the place of the capital took more importance within the banking house. Great changes have affected the economic, legal and competing environment of banking. This led to an increase in risk and degradation of the margins in the banking market. Concurrently to its statute of rare resources in the establishment, the capital is also the base of the ratios of regulatory capital requirements. Moreover, their return remains an important criterion for the performance evaluation of the bank. This important place encouraged the researchers in management sciences to investigate the role of the capital within the bank. Thus, we have the right to ask a number of questions concerning its influences on banking strategies. The results show that several important important factors such as the regulations of capital adequacy, the return of capital and the covering of the risks by the own capital ; imposes constraints on the banking strategic choices. They also show that the amount and the quality of capital can give various indices helping the leaders to make important banking decisions
Jürging, Jesco. « Stratégies de diversification et surévaluation des capitaux propres : le rôle de la gouvernance de l’entreprise ». Thesis, Toulon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUL2002.
Texte intégralThe overvaluation of the stockholders' equity implies the danger of the CEO adopting discretionary strategies having a negative impact on shareholders` value. However, diversification strategies could also be used as means of reaching new resources and key competencies that give birth to new products and markets. What is the role of corporate governance in a situation of overvalued stockholders' equity? Will it privilege the disciplinary way by framing the opportunistic behavior of the chief executive officer, or will it privilege the exploratory way, i.e. the discovery of new growth opportunities? From this point of view, the study concentrates on the analysis of the diversification strategies of seven media groups at the dawn of the Internet bubble. Having built a widened conceptual framework integrating the strategy of diversification, the governance of the company and the measures of value creation, we will concentrate our analysis on the study of different strategic levers ascribable to a diversification strategy: synergies between treasury flows, synergies in managerial capacity or organizational synergies through the sharing of distinctive competencies and strategic resources. Then, the analysis focuses on the role of corporate governance in the process of value creation: which component has an influence on the implementation of concentric, linked, vertical or conglomerate diversification? The study will summarize the different results within an integral model and propose different suggestions aiming at the monitoring of top management in the context of overvalued stockholders' equity
Jürging, Jesco. « Stratégies de diversification et surévaluation des capitaux propres : le rôle de la gouvernance de l’entreprise ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUL2002.
Texte intégralThe overvaluation of the stockholders' equity implies the danger of the CEO adopting discretionary strategies having a negative impact on shareholders` value. However, diversification strategies could also be used as means of reaching new resources and key competencies that give birth to new products and markets. What is the role of corporate governance in a situation of overvalued stockholders' equity? Will it privilege the disciplinary way by framing the opportunistic behavior of the chief executive officer, or will it privilege the exploratory way, i.e. the discovery of new growth opportunities? From this point of view, the study concentrates on the analysis of the diversification strategies of seven media groups at the dawn of the Internet bubble. Having built a widened conceptual framework integrating the strategy of diversification, the governance of the company and the measures of value creation, we will concentrate our analysis on the study of different strategic levers ascribable to a diversification strategy: synergies between treasury flows, synergies in managerial capacity or organizational synergies through the sharing of distinctive competencies and strategic resources. Then, the analysis focuses on the role of corporate governance in the process of value creation: which component has an influence on the implementation of concentric, linked, vertical or conglomerate diversification? The study will summarize the different results within an integral model and propose different suggestions aiming at the monitoring of top management in the context of overvalued stockholders' equity
Couderc, Nicolas. « Quatre essais en finance d'entreprise : choix financiers, efficience et valeur ». Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010044.
Texte intégralGirod, Alexandra. « Bank Risk Taking and Prudential Regulation : an Analysis of Impacts of Risk Sensitive Regulatory Capital Requirements on Bank Risk ». Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE0019.
Texte intégralI aim at studying internal mechanisms the Basel regulation induces on bank’s risk taking, particularly impacts of risk sensitive requirements. Actually regulation consists in a capital to asset ratio but also in a regulatory framework structuring its functioning. In a first part I concentrate on the structure. Interactions from risk sensitivity, technicality and delegation to banks of inputs' assessment raise two new challenges. First the high technicality of the current framework, with missing guidance for its implementation, can mislead bank's decision. Second delegated-control and risk sensitivity create a dilemma for banks that encourage them to understate their risk level. Moreover, risk sensitive requirements do not impact the rationale to entail regulatory arbitrages via securitisation process. In a second part I focus on risk sensitive requirements. I define a framework with higher risk / higher returns assets where a risk taking behaviour consists in a choice of a riskier asset. The analysis concludes the risk sensitivity does not prevent from the emergence of risk taking behaviour. The IRB risk weight function displays marginal and cyclical variations that impact bank's optimal risk level. My main result is a pro-cyclical effect in terms of asset's risk level: as the business cycle improves, the bank can exploit the freeing of regulatory capital (regulatory bonus) to foster its value towards the financing of a riskier asset; reverse happens for recession where the regulatory penalty restricts bank's optimal asset's risk level. This pro-cyclical effect is due to the cyclical dependence of risk sensitive requirements
Jaifi, Brahim. « La notion de fonds propres de l'entreprise ». Lille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL20009.
Texte intégralThe notion of the own's funds is an abstract notion, one size of accountants values. It composed of accounts of capitals which have not the same legal nature and from hhom some ones require a fiscal treatment, but the law don't take in consideration the latent tax system to determine the value of the own's funds. The notion is principally accountanted. It's the accountant situation of the own's funds which is taken in consideration each time when one juridical text to be refered to the notion of the own's funds. The duality of the two notions, between the own's funds and the own's capitals is subject of principal difference between them, in the livel of their composition and their domain of application. The notion of the own's funds can be modulated according with its application's domain. The notion of own's capitals is precised. The notion of the own's funds is founctionnal notion. In the economic-financial domain, it uses to cover the production's risk, it permets to estimate the failure's risk and the fullness of the garantee offered to social creditors and analysis the financial behaviour of the leader : it's a management's instrument of the entreprise. (. . . )
Sassi, Syrine. « Essays on production market competition ». Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC0125.
Texte intégralThis dissertation investigates the effect of product market competition on corporate decisions and firm valuation. It is a collection of three essays. The first one examines the role of competition in driving the choice of debt source. Using a large sample of U.S. listed firms over the period 2001-2013, we show that product market competitive pressure is negatively associated with bank debt financing. This result is consistent with the view that competition plays an effective governance role that disciplines managers, and hence substitutes for the need to bank strict monitoring. In further analysis, we also show that the negative impact of competition on bank debt financing is stronger for firms with a higher exposure to competition and tighter financial constraints as they are more sensitive to external market discipline.The second essay explores whether product market competition matters for investment decisions, and more specifically labor investment decisions. To test our research hypotheses, we consider a large sample of U.S. listed firms over the 1998-2013 period and provide strong evidence that product market competitive pressure distorts labor investment efficiency. This result highlights the risk-increasing effect of competition. To the extent that firms in competitive industries have lower profit margins and higher bankruptcy risk, they are more willing to under-invest in labor in order to reduce labor costs and avoid further earnings declines. In addition, our cross-sectional tests show that the negative impact of competition on labor investment efficiency is intensified for firms with a higher exposure to competition, tighter financial constraints, and higher labor unionization rates.The third essay further investigates the implications of product market competition by examining its impact on the cost of equity capital which is viewed as one of the key considerations for managers in their investment and financing decisions. We employ a large panel of U.S. listed firms from 1998 to 2013 and find that firms facing intense competitive pressure have a lower cost of equity financing. Additionally, we show that the role of competition in reducing equity financing costs is more pronounced for firms with a higher exposure to competition and firms with poorer governance quality. Taken together, our findings suggest that product market competition serves as an external disciplinary mechanism that improves investors’ beliefs in the stock market, hence leading to a lower cost of equity capital
Saadaoui, Zied. « Norme de fonds propres et comportements des banques dans les pays émergents ». Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX24020.
Texte intégralSadok, Hicham. « Le financement par fonds propres au regard de leur incidence sur le pouvoir du dirigeant propriétaire : le cas des entreprises patrimoniales moyennes cotées ». Bordeaux 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR40057.
Texte intégralThe aim of this research is to study how the patrimonial firm develops its strategy of financing by equity capitals in a perspective of organization and emancipation instead of a perception of fatalism and pressure. This research tends to measure the potential of voluntarism in the organization of this relation, through organizational and juridical, economic, sociological influences. It rests on three steps : the first one tries to detect concepts which melt these problems ; the second aims at identifying the proactive character of used strategies in the alleviation of antagonism between both variables to be explained ; the third tends to estimate the degree of freedom in the choice of this strategy of financial opening. To concentrate research effort, alone the firt two aspects will be analysed theoretically and empirically, while yhe third will be only statistically proved. Due to its rather complex environment, it seems that the patrimonial firm develops strategies of financing by equity capitals which short-circuit pressures imposed by the fear of the loss of power. To measure these strategies, a group of quoted medium patrimonial firms was studied and analysed. Having led several statistical tests on various organizational dimensions, it appears that voluntarism perspectives are applied in these structures to organize relation between the financing bu equity capitals and the power of the owner leader. There is a self-determination to choose strategically behaviours which allow them to have an operation marging in the choice of the financing, while preserving the power of the owner leader
Gzara-Boubaker, Wafa. « Impacts des options et garanties implicites des contrats d'assurance vie dans le cadre de Solvency II ». Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100001.
Texte intégralThe insurance industry, including life insurance is hit by a high mutation due to the new prudential regulations called Solvency II. Inspired by the Basel reform banks, Solvency II will strengthen the liability insurance requirements through additional equity (SCR, MCR) and also by a better determination of technical provisions (Best Estimate) taking into account all the risk that the insurer may incur. Faced with this regulation, insurers are forced to take into account for the calculation of technical provisions for all implicits options and guarantees hidden in life insurance contracts that have long been neglected until the early 90s. Thus, the objective of this thesis is to measure the impact of implicits options and guarantees included in the life insurance capital requirements under the reform of Solvency II. To do this, we firstly determinate the value of technical provisions through a modeling of the various balance sheet items through a projection Active / Passive. We, Secondly apply, the standard model proposed by EIOPA to calculate different SCR. This allowed us to measure the sensitivity of capital at risk to face different variations of the Best Estimate assuming several scenarios
Randrianarivony, Rivo. « Prise en compte des discontinuités de Cours Financiers en Assurance et Finance ». Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10229.
Texte intégralThe purpose of this thesis is to shed light on the impact of asset price discontinuities in the fields of insurance and finance. The first part focuses on the pricing of diverse derivatives when the underlying incurs structural breaks and jumps. The expressive power as well as the numerical performance of the generalized Fourier transform approach is shown. The tool thus obtained allows to price other products in the presence of discontinuities, for example swap options. Protection against sudden price drops, via so-called equity default swaps and the impact of those discontinuities on managers incentives are also studied. A second part analyzes jump impacts, among other factors, on life insurance contracts, in particular pure endowments with flexible guarantee and contracts whose guarantee is only paid upon death. Insurance companies ruin is also considered when reserves face various breaks
Zhang, Xia. « L'appréhension de la croissance dans les modèles d'évaluation ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL20007.
Texte intégralThis research proposes an analysis of equity valuation of firm, obtained from the models valuing economic rents. The quality of the estimations depends on the pertinence of the hypothesis and the empirical calibration of these models. In the first place, the theoretical foundations of different hypotheses on the growth rate and/or the persistence level of economic rent and the influence of these hypotheses on equity valuation are analyzed. Through the abnormal earnings growth model, we show that the economic rent of the new investment or the abnormal earnings growth should converge towards zero due to the market competition. This proposition, different from Ohlson and Juettner-Nauroth’s assumption often adopted in prior studies, is found having sensitive influence on equity valuation. The asymptotic analysis of valuation ratios in the second chapter of this thesis underlines these aspects while being immune from the bias and the difficulties that the empirical studies on this issue could induce. This research notably proposes an explanation for the problem of systematic overvaluation of equity by the abnormal earnings growth model. In the second place, to improve the calibration of the abnormal earnings growth model, a method is proposed to estimate the firm-specific persistence level of the abnormal earnings growth. In the last chapter, an analytical model is proposed to synthesize the two main approaches concerning rent modeling: the residual income valuation model and the abnormal earnings growth model. A linear valuation equation is derived from the analytical model and mobilized to characterize the value relevance of the short-term earnings variation forecasted by financial analysts
Ouanes, Ilhem. « Le régime juridique des valeurs mobilières composées ». Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010257.
Texte intégralOuachem, Raymond. « Essai sur le capital social comme instrument de garantie des créanciers ». Bordeaux 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR40020.
Texte intégralParachkevova-Racine, Irina. « Pouvoir et financement dans la société anonyme cotée : pour une reconnaissance juridique de la diversité des rapports entre pouvoir et fonds propres ». Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE0019.
Texte intégralConnections between power and financing lie at the very heart of every company organisation. Nevertheless, a public company with shares listed on the Stock exchange is a special one, which gives originality to these connections. In this company model, there is no unity in the link between power and financing. The rules are not the same as those in the companies whose shares are not listed on the Stock Exchange. The connection diversifies because of the segmentation of the investors on the market. And so, in practice, there is a double link between power and financing. The latter represents a change in the classical principles. On the one hand, savings dissociates power from financing, which calls proportionality and "anonymous" democracy principles into question. On the other hand, power and professional investors financing are associated. But, despite every indication to the contrary, it leads to a new distortion of the proportionality principle and weakens company. Currently, this evolution is partially taken into account. The difference between power and financing by savings is comprehended by lots of rules, in company law as in stock exchange law. These rules fit into the same scheme, to such an extent that the existence of a real legal status for savers can be asserted. Conversely, the association between power and financing by professional investors is neglected even in its principle. There are no appropriate rules for the specific role of the professional investor. Therefore, a suitable legal status must be thought up. Beyond, a new application of the equal shareholders principle may be suggested. Not only the latter would apply according to the legal form of the share but also according to the economic condition of holders
Covachev, Svetoslav. « Essays on mutual funds ». Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, Ecole supérieure des sciences économiques et commerciales, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ESEC0005.
Texte intégralIn light of this, Essays 1 and 3, co-authored with Vijay Yadav, study the sensitivity of investment flows to past performance, also known as flow-performance sensitivity (FPS). The main aim of Essay 1 is to contribute towards the ongoing debate regarding the shape of the flow-performance relationship in the equity mutual fund industry. Essentially, the question is whether the relationship is linear or non-linear. Whereas Essay 1 addresses the shape of the flow-performance relationship, Essay 3 studies the determinants of its strength. Past performance is a signal that is used by investors when making investment allocation decisions. The main finding of Essay 3 is that the composition of the fund portfolio has an impact on the FPS of the fund. More specifically, a mutual fund manager can decrease flow-performance sensitivity by increasing the total equity portfolio weights of defensive stocks and sensitive stocks, where the former is more effective. In Essay 2, I examine active equity mutual funds that close to new investors
Pierru, Axel. « Unicité des méthodes de calcul de valeurs actuelles nettes de projets d'investissement ». Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010022.
Texte intégralCuiller, Gilles. « Gestion et stratégie des PME dans le bâtiment : "les PME optimisent sous la contrainte" ». Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010031.
Texte intégralOperating environment of small-and-medium-sized businesses in the construction industry differenciate them from similar sized businesses in other segments : the particular composition of the product, the mobile nature of building sites, the management of demand and out-sourcing. Despite the extreme diversity of businesses involved in this segment, the practises of the financial community lead to a generalisation of recurirng observation since factors related to the construction industry are atypical of most business segments. The same can be said of sustaining a "viable level of" activity which requires of small-and-medium-sized businesses to confront organizational issues and works to remain in business. Finaly, in contrast to claims made by certain parties, small-and-medium-sized businesses react and implement strategies that they have developped
Guy, Patrick. « Les aspects stratégiques de la structure de financement des firmes ». Phd thesis, Université Montpellier I, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00111274.
Texte intégralDans une première partie, nous établissons un modèle qui relie la structure de financement de la firme à la richesse, des actionnaires décideurs, engendrée par le marché des biens lorsque celui-ci présente un caractère aléatoire.
Nous étudions alors, dans la deuxième partie, comment les choix stratégiques seront optimisés lorsque la structure de financement est reliée directement à la forme de la fonction de production.
La troisième partie, nous donne l'occasion d'analyser l'impact sur les choix stratégiques des causes limitatives que sont la responsabilité limitée des actionnaires et la présence d'une quantité limite de production.
Enfin, dans la quatrième partie, nous appliquons nos résultats à un marché de biens sous forme de duopole pour en déduire le lien entre les comportements stratégiques des firmes et leur structure de financement.
Guy, Patrick. « Les aspects stratégiques de la structure de financement des firmes ». Phd thesis, Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON10045.
Texte intégralRabah, Gana Marjène. « Modèle EBO : erreur de prévision et performance anormale ». Lille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL20011.
Texte intégralThis study presents an application of the Edwards-Bell-Ohlson (EBO) model to a sample of Canadian firms over the period 1985-1997. Its objective is to examine the usefulness of the EBO values in predicting cross-sectional stock returns. We estimates firms'fundamental values (V) and we compare them to Canadian firms'price (P) to build a profitable hedge strategy. The returns generated by this strategy are analysed. Because different sources of risk can explain these returns, abnormal returns are also examined. Besides, given that the profitability of our hedge strategy can be affected by certain errors committed in the estimation of the parameters of the EBO model, robustness tests were performed. The empirical results show that comparing V to P helps investor to build a profitable hedge stratgey suggesting that the V/P ration is a good predictor of cross-sectional returns. The predictive power of V/P is not affected by the cost of equity used, or by the weighting scheme, or by the horizon investment. In addition, we find errors in consensus analyst earnings forecasts suggesting a strong evidence of over-optimism. Results also show that these errors are predictable, and that the predicitve power of V/P is improved when systematic errors are incorporated especially over a 12 months horizon
Croquet, Rémi. « Etude des dispersions et incertitudes en optimisation et dans l'analyse des valeurs propres ». Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00740583.
Texte intégralBali, Mehdi. « La subordination financière ». Thesis, Paris 9, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA090065.
Texte intégralFinancial subordination establishes a hierarchy between creditors. This degree is implemented through the legal or intentional suppression of creditors’ right to equal distributions in the bankruptcy proceedings. When it is a priority claim, this loss is imposed on creditors by law. When it is a subordinated claim, creditors accept to waive their right to equal distributions. In both cases, some creditors will be paid only after the full payment of others. Those are called residual creditors.Corporation financing is based upon a division between owner and lender. Traditionally, the former puts money into the business through legal capital while the latter grants loans. As this view no longer depicts the reality of corporation financing, the French jurisprudence tried to replace it with the concept of equity, which is broader than the legal capital. In this work, equity is redefined in setting in its core financial subordination, which clearly shows why a shareholder is a residual claimant. This new definition of equity, which is shared by other disciplines outside law gives a different approach to the financing of companies under French law
CHIESI, GIAN MARCO. « Il costo del capitale proprio nella banche : rassegna dei modelli di analisi e verifica empirica per il sistema bancario italiano ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/131.
Texte intégralThis work analyses the techniques to assess the cost of equity of Italian banks in the light of two antithetical investment policies: international portfolio diversification and ownership concentration directed to hold large blocks of shares. Financial market integration and European Monetary Union involve using a broader index, referred to the Euro area, as the proxy for the market portfolio pointed out by CAPM. The analysis carried out on a sample of Italian banks shows this change brings about a reduction of both the estimated Beta and the cost of equity. This is due to the limited contribution that domestic market index makes to the systematic risk of the Euro portfolio. The control of the decision-making process enables the holders of large blocks of shares to extract private benefits and to obtain extra returns compared with other investors. This can explain an investment policy directed to wealth concentration. That causes a higher equity cost of equity.
CHIESI, GIAN MARCO. « Il costo del capitale proprio nella banche : rassegna dei modelli di analisi e verifica empirica per il sistema bancario italiano ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/131.
Texte intégralThis work analyses the techniques to assess the cost of equity of Italian banks in the light of two antithetical investment policies: international portfolio diversification and ownership concentration directed to hold large blocks of shares. Financial market integration and European Monetary Union involve using a broader index, referred to the Euro area, as the proxy for the market portfolio pointed out by CAPM. The analysis carried out on a sample of Italian banks shows this change brings about a reduction of both the estimated Beta and the cost of equity. This is due to the limited contribution that domestic market index makes to the systematic risk of the Euro portfolio. The control of the decision-making process enables the holders of large blocks of shares to extract private benefits and to obtain extra returns compared with other investors. This can explain an investment policy directed to wealth concentration. That causes a higher equity cost of equity.
Saad, Myrna. « La notion de titre de capital en droit des sociétés ». Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D041.
Texte intégralThe developments brought by the evolution of capitalisrn and finance to corporate law have led to the erosion of the traditional definition of equity securities, which were conventionally defined as a fraction of the share capital of a company that represents shareholders' rights. This is evidenced by the decline of capital contributions, the exploitation of ownership interests in the company in practice and the weakening of the traditional legal notion of capital. These conceptual uncertainties invite us to reconsider the utility of the concept of equity securities faced with the changing legal understanding of capital stock and the erosion of the traditional distinction between shares and bonds. Nonetheless, despite these developments, the concept of equity securities remains useful for two main reasons : first, upon evaluating the future of the legal capital, it becomes evident that the changes to the legal concept of capital stock should not affect the very existence of equity securities if shares with no par value are introduced ; and second, the overarching distinction between equity and debt remains essential in corporate law and cannot therefore be eliminated. However, il is necessary to redefine the boundaries between equity and debt and to clarify the legal nature of certain hybrid forms of securities
Abdoune, Radouane. « Structure financière des sociétés d'assurance en France : entre déterminants traditionnels et référentiels prudentiels ». Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0385.
Texte intégralTo maintain the stability of the financial sector and the dynamism in the other sectors ofthe economy, the insurance companies have to improve their solvency and manage theirrisks. Despite the importance of the issue of the level of capital in maintaining the overallstability of the insurance companies sector, it has been the subject of a very fewresearches. In this context, the main objective of our thesis is to analyze the determinantsof the financial structure of French insurance companies and the effect of the integrationof prudential regulation in the formation of their level of capital. To this end, we use TOTand POT to develop our theoretical model that we then tested empirically in a sample ofFrench insurance companies in the period 2006-2012. Our main empirical result is thatprudential regulation affects the determinants of the level of capital in the Frenchinsurance companies
Petit-Romec, Arthur. « Prise de risques dans les banques : incitations, mesures de performance et horizon des actionnaires ». Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010064.
Texte intégralThe 2007-2008 financial crisis prompted much handwringing among academics and regulators as to why banks had taker on so much risks and what factors drove risk-taking. In this thesis, we focus on the responsibility of the focalization on RoE as main performance measure in inducing risk-taking in banks. Our empirical tests show that RoE is associated with strategies of excessive risk-taking and that bank managers had monetary incentives to maximize RoE in the years leading up to the crisis. While RoE is used as a key performance measure in banks, it proves to be a leading indicator of a bank's risk and vulnerability during crises. To better understand the reluctance of banks to abandon RoE despite its perverse effects on risk-taking, we assess in the second article, the validity of RoE as a performance measure outs ide of financial crises. Results indicate that in the pre-crisis period, the information conveyed by RoE on bank risk was only partially taken into account and that RoE did not guarantee a superior performance for bank shareholders in normal periods. Giver these results, the enduring reliance on RoE in banks is even more surprising and questionable. In the third article, we challenge the general view in the area of bank regulation which is that more capital is better, irrespective of who provided it. We show that the investment horizon of bank capital providers plays a crucial role since banks with more short-term investors performed worse and had a lower survival probability during the crisis
Risfandy, Tastaftiyan. « Empirical essays on islamic banking : competition, stability and governance ». Thesis, Limoges, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIMO0004/document.
Texte intégralThis dissertation highlights three important issues in Islamic banks. In the first chapter, we investigate the impact of dual market competition on the differences in deposit rate setting in Islamic and conventional banks. We show that there are notable differences in the determinants of deposit rates in the two types of institution. Market competition has a significant impact on deposit rate of conventional banks but not Islamic banks. Our result, in general, suggests that although Islamic banks’ deposit seems to be similar than conventional banks, their determinants are different. In the second chapter, we continue our investigations by looking at the competition-stability issue. Does competition between Islamic and conventional banks increase banks’ stability or fragility? Our main finding suggests that competitive dual banking market is not beneficial for banks’ stability. In line with the result from the first chapter, in the next investigation, dual market competition only matters for conventional banks. In the third chapter of this dissertation, we analyze the role of Shariah Supervisory Board (SSB) on banks’ equity financing. Our result shows that Islamic banks’ equity financing is influenced by some characteristics of SSB. The presence of SSB member in the Board of Directors (BOD) or executive member has a positive impact on equity financing whereas the existence of a Shariah department in Islamic banks decreases the proportion of equity financing
Kamara, Diéne Mohamed. « De la gestion du ratio de solvabilité bancaire : Étude empirique des ajustements prudentiels relatifs à la juste valeur ». Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED031/document.
Texte intégralThrough Earnings Management practices applied to banking industry, several studies have shown existence of Capital Adequacy Ratio Management (CARM). However, they are mainly focused on loss loan provision (LLP) manipulation's and suppose that Capital adequacy ratio management motivation is to reduce regulatory costs imposed when the bank's capital adequacy ratio falls below the minimum. This thesis deals with the possibilities of banks to manage the regulatory ratio via the prudential adjustments, which are corrections made to equity items in the statement of financial position, to safeguard the quality of the supervisory capital and to reduce potential volatility induced by fair value accounting (application of IFRS). Adopting diachronic and instrumental approaches, the study is based on a sample of European banks and uses regression methods by panel data and bootstrap and quantile regression as post estimation and robustness tests. The main contribution of this thesis is to show that the necessary transformation of accounting information into regulatory information by prudential adjustments constitutes a bridge on which a timely CARM could be carried out through variables relating to the quality of the capital and the operational performance of the bank. Furthermore, the results show that CARM is not exclusively dedicated to banks with ratio close to minimum. Finally the results make possible to no longer consider the capital adequacy ratio as a black box and to examine it through its components
Hessou, Hélyoth. « Essays on financial institutions capital and liquidity regulation ». Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67776.
Texte intégralThe review of the articles included in this thesis can be summarized as follows: The first essay examines the behavior of regulatory capital adjustment in a multiple capital requirement regime such as the Basel III one. This essay is motivated by the fact that the existing bank capital adjustment models are designed to address adjustment towards a single capital ratio. Our findings are numerous. Firstly, it appears that the joint regulation of two capital ratios (adjusted and unadjusted for risk) is assimilated to the regulation of a single capital ratio (not adjusted to risk), whose limit is assimilated to the value of a call option written on (regulatory) asset risk ratio. An analysis of both the Canadian and US experiences in the joint capital regulation provides further justification for the relative resilience of Canadian banks (in comparison with their US counterparts) during the last subprime crisis of late 2007. The second essay is devoted to the analysis of the counter-cyclical buffer standard introduced under Basel III. This standard aims to smooth undesirable cyclical fluctuations in bank capital as this negatively affect the granting of credit by banks, especially in times of crisis. This work aims to quantify the required level of cushion by taking into account the cyclical components of bank capital. The implications of the new liquidity standards are also discussed. The third essay analyzes the appropriateness of the new counter-cyclical capital standards of Basel III to Canadian credit unions regulation. Based on data extracted from Canadian financial cooperatives balance sheets over the period between 1996 and 2014, this essay shows that unlike banking institutions, credit union capital is already countercyclical, and therefore the introduction of the countercyclical buffer would not alter their intermediation activities. However, the analysis also reveals that the capital cushion of under-capitalized credit unions is pro-cyclical, and therefore these credit unions need close monitoring from regulators regarding their adjustment behaviors following countercyclical measures’ adoption. v The fourth essay is an extension of the previous one in that it analyzes the effect of regulatory capital on lending by Canadian credit unions. Our findings suggest that the growth in the Canadian credit unions loan portfolio is positively associated with the level of capitalization. In contrast, we uncover a negative relation between change in credit union capital and the growth of their lending portfolio. This finding suggests that credit unions should be encouraged to hold adequate levels of capital. This can be achieved through the implementation of conservative and countercyclical capital requirements as advocated for banks.
Mahamoud, Houssein Ismael. « Contraintes institutionnelles et réglementaires et le secteur informel à Djibouti ». Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00557989.
Texte intégralCai, Jiatu. « Méthodes asymptotiques en contrôle stochastique et applications à la finance ». Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC338.
Texte intégralIn this thesis, we study several mathematical finance problems related to the presence of market imperfections. Our main approach for solving them is to establish a relevant asymptotic framework in which explicit approximate solutions can be obtained for the associated control problems. In the first part of this thesis, we are interested in the pricing and hedging of European options. We first consider the question of determining the optimal rebalancing dates for a replicating portfolio in the presence of a drift in the underlying dynamics. We show that in this situation, it is possible to generate positive returns while hedging the option and describe a rebalancing strategy which is asymptotically optimal for a mean-variance type criterion. Then we propose an asymptotic framework for options risk management under proportional transaction costs. Inspired by Leland’s approach, we develop an alternative way to build hedging portfolios enabling us to minimize hedging errors. The second part of this manuscript is devoted to the issue of tracking a stochastic target. The agent aims at staying close to the target while minimizing tracking efforts. In a small costs asymptotics, we establish a lower bound for the value function associated to this optimization problem. This bound is interpreted in term of ergodic control of Brownian motion. We also provide numerous examples for which the lower bound is explicit and attained by a strategy that we describe. In the last part of this thesis, we focus on the problem of consumption-investment with capital gains taxes. We first obtain an asymptotic expansion for the associated value function that we interpret in a probabilistic way. Then, in the case of a market with regime-switching and for an investor with recursive utility of Epstein-Zin type, we solve the problem explicitly by providing a closed-form consumption-investment strategy. Finally, we study the joint impact of transaction costs and capital gains taxes. We provide a system of corrector equations which enables us to unify the results in [ST13] and [CD13]