Livres : « Courts – Central America »

1

Tushnet, Mark V. Central America and the law : The Constitution, civil liberties, and the courts. Boston, MA : South End Press, 1988.

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2

Los indios ante los foros de justicia religiosa en la hispanoamérica virreinal. México : Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2010.

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3

Bolivia. Compendio normativo : Constitución política del Estado 7 de febrero de 2009 ; Ley marco de autonomías y descentralización "Andrés Ibañez", Ley 031 del 19 de julio de 2010 con sentencia constitucional 2055/2012 del 16 de octubre de 2012. Bolivia : Ministerio de Autonomías, 2012.

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4

1955-, Andrews Mark, dir. Flashbooks : The story of central Florida's past. Orlando : Orange County Historical Society and the Orlando Sentinel, 1995.

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5

Harrington, Kent A. The American boys. Tucson, AZ : Dennis McMillan Publications, 2000.

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6

James, Morton, et Muskingum Valley Archaeological Survey, dir. Where the frolics and war dances are held : The Indian wars and the early European exploration and settlement of Muskingum County and the central Muskingum Valley. Baltimore, MD : Gateway Press, 1997.

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7

MacManus, Elizabeth Riegler. Citrus, sawmills, critters & crackers : Life in early Lutz and central Pasco County. Tampa, Fla : University of Tampa Press, 1998.

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8

Helsley, Alexia Jones. A guide to historic Henderson County, North Carolina. Charleston, SC : History Press, 2007.

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9

Richard, West. Hurricane in Nicaragua : A journey in search of revolution. London : M. Joseph, 1989.

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10

Ospina, Hernando Calvo. The Cuban exile movement : Dissidents or mercenaries ? Melbourne : Ocean Press, 2000.

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Ospina, Hernando Calvo. The Cuban exile movement : Dissidents or mercenaries ? Melbourne : Ocean, 1999.

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12

Riz̤ā, Balīgh, dir. Hamah-ʼi mardān-i shāh : Kūditā-yi Amrīkāyī va rīshahʹhā-yi tirūr dar khāvarmiyānah. [S.l : s.n.], 2003.

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13

Kinzer, Stephen. All the Shah's Men. New York : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2004.

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14

Riz̤ā, Balīgh, dir. Hamah-ʼi mardān-i shāh : Kūditā-yi Amrīkāyī va rīshahʹhā-yi tirūr dar khāvarmiyānah. [S.l : s.n.], 2003.

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15

Hamah-yi mardān-i Shāh. 2^e éd. Tihrān : Akhtarān, 2004.

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16

Riz̤ā, Balīgh, dir. Hamah-ʼi mardān-i shāh : Kūditā-yi Amrīkāyī va rīshahʹhā-yi tirūr dar khāvarmiyānah. [S.l : s.n.], 2003.

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17

Caserta, Salvatore. International Courts in Latin America and the Caribbean. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867999.001.0001.

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The book provides the first in-depth and empirically grounded analysis on the foundations and trajectories of gaining authority of the four Latin American and Caribbean regional economic courts: the Central American Court of Justice (CACJ), the Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ), the Andean Tribunal of Justice (ATJ), and the Mercosur Permanent Review Court (PRC). While these courts were, on their terms, established to build common markets and to enforce trade liberalization, they have often developed bodies of jurisprudence in domains often not directly associated with regional economic integration. The CCJ has been most successful in the area of human and fundamental rights; the CACJ has addressed issues related to the enforcement of the rule of law in national legal arenas and long-standing border disputes between the countries of the region; the ATJ is an island of effective adjudication on intellectual property issues; and the PRC has significantly struggled to receive a significant number of cases to rule upon all together. The particular trajectories of the four Latin American and Caribbean Regional Economic Courts (RECs) suggest that there is no universal formula for success for these institutions and that their operational path is not necessarily a function of their formally delegated competences and/or of the will of the Member States, as it is often argued in mainstream legal and political science literature. Rather, local socio-political contextual factors—such as the historical legacies of a region, the interests and dynamics of socialization of legally and politically situated actors, the nature of national and regional politics, and legal culture—often play a far more decisive role in influencing the direction of RECs during and after their establishment.

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18

Jackson, Sarah E. Politics of the Maya Court : Hierarchy and Change in the Late Classic Period. University of Oklahoma Press, 2013.

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Politics of the Maya Court : Hierarchy and Change in the Late Classic Period (Latin American and Caribbean Arts and Culture). University of Oklahoma Press, 2013.

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20

Pinto, Mónica, et Martín Sigal. Influence of the ICESCR in Latin America. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825890.003.0008.

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The influence of the ICESCR in Latin America is significant, since countries in the region have increasingly incorporated ESCR into their legal systems during the last three decades. Several national constitutions contain such rights, and domestic courts have growingly recognized their justiciability. Also, ESCR have entailed new collective procedures and discussions about access to justice and the role of the judiciary. While the great majority of Latin American States have adopted a regional instrument dealing with ESCR, the delay between its adoption and entry into force allowed the ICESCR to decisively influence the regional bodies. Notwithstanding the robust normative incorporation of ESCR into domestic legal systems, the region is marked by poverty, inequality, and basic ESCR deprivation, which shows a failure to translate legal advances into a reduction of social injustice. The huge gap between legal recognition of rights and their implementation is a central challenge to be addressed.

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21

Godfrey, A. M., et C. H. van Rhee, dir. Central Courts in Early Modern Europe and the Americas. Duncker & Humblot, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/978-3-428-58033-0.

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Rhee, C. H. van, et A. M. Godfrey. Central Courts in Early Modern Europe and the Americas. Duncker & Humblot GmbH, 2020.

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23

The Central American Peace Congress and an International Arbitration Court for the five Central American Republics. [Washington ? : s.n.], 1988.

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24

Staszak, Sarah. Law and Courts. Sous la direction de Orfeo Fioretos, Tulia G. Falleti et Adam Sheingate. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199662814.013.19.

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In recent years, scholars have begun to employ a more robust historical institutional perspective when studying law and courts. Central features of this perspective include a focus on the role that legal actors play in policy implementation and reform, attention to the ways private litigation is used in lieu of traditional bureaucratic enforcement, and a much more nuanced account of legal change. Working from this perspective, scholars increasingly approach the judiciary as a distinct institution in its own right that has played a significant role in the trajectory of American state-building, rather than simply an agent of the elected branches.

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25

Harrington, Kent. American Boys. Ulverscroft Large Print Books, 2003.

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26

Harrington, Kent. American Boys. The Crowood Press, 2001.

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27

Harrington, Kent. The American Boys. Dennis McMillan Publications, 2000.

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28

Lancaster Central Market Cookbook : 25th Anniversary Edition. Good Books, 2015.

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29

Good, Phyllis. Lancaster Central Market Cookbook : 25th Anniversary Edition. Skyhorse Publishing Company, Incorporated, 2015.

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30

Inomata, Takeshi, et Daniela Triadan. Life and Politics at the Royal Court of Aguateca : Artifacts, Analytical Data, and Synthesis. University of Utah Press, 2014.

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31

Life and Politics at the Royal Court of Aguateca : Artifacts, Analytical Data, and Synthesis. University of Utah Press, 2014.

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32

Guzmán, Will. Nixon, the NAACP, and the Courts, 1924–1934. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038921.003.0005.

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This chapter recounts how Nixon helped lay the foundation for Black voting rights in the South as the central plaintiff in two landmark U.S. Supreme Court cases: Nixon v. Herndon (1927) and Nixon v. Condon (1932), and the little-discussed case of Nixon v. McCann (1934), Nixon's third attempt to dismantle the all-white Democratic primary. Nixon, along with the NAACP, helped set legal precedent that ultimately led to the dismantling of all-white primaries throughout the entire South. The political and social climate at the local, state, and national levels during the 1920s, as well as the 1923 Texas law that barred African Americans from voting in the Democratic primaries, compelled Nixon and the NAACP to take action. As these changes were brewing in the South, many—such as the Ku Klux Klan—would come to see them as a threat.

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33

Ludovic, Hennebel, et Tigroudja Hélène. The American Convention on Human Rights. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190222345.001.0001.

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The American Convention on Human Rights, adopted within the framework of the Organization of American States, is the central and essential instrument of the inter-American human rights law as elaborated by the Inter-American Commission and Court of Human Rights. This treaty, adopted on November 22, 1969, with twenty-three States Parties, contains eighty-two articles that set out the rights and freedoms that States undertake to respect and protect, and establishes various protection mechanisms, including an individual complaints mechanism. However, the American Convention is much more than an international treaty. The Convention is a complex instrument, which was born in a particular context, and which reflects the inter-American human rights particularism. Of course, it is a political instrument, which was adopted in the difficult context of the revolutionary fever of the late 1960s. It is also, and above all, an instrument of progress and justice, with an unequivocal purpose of emancipation of humankind. The Convention is finally a formidable legal instrument. This treaty, as interpreted and applied by the Inter-American Commission and Court of Human Rights, has become the legal basis of a creative, sophisticated, and protective inter-American legal regime of human rights. This inter-American human rights law, whether it embodies the hope of access to justice and equality for some, to truth for others, or to the protection of the most vulnerable, is also, for the lawyer, a paradigm for what is and what must be public international law centered on humanist and progressive values.

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34

Rosenblith, Suzanne, et Patrick Womac. The Bible in American Public Schools. Sous la direction de Paul C. Gutjahr. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190258849.013.5.

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This chapter traces the Bible’s path through the history of American public education beginning in the colonial period, where it was central to the project of education, through the Common School movement, where its relevance was challenged as Enlightenment and scientific reasoning took hold. By the turn of the twentieth century, the Bible had lost its stronghold on public schools and the contentious relationship was cemented through a series of court cases that continue to impact policy and curriculum to the present time. The chapter concludes by highlighting several contemporary policies implemented to try to return the Bible, in some fashion, to public schools.

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35

McCulloch V. Maryland : State V Federal Power (Supreme Court Milestones). Benchmark Books (NY), 2007.

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36

Purcell, Jr., Edward A. Antonin Scalia and American Constitutionalism. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197508763.001.0001.

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Antonin Scalia and American Constitutionalism is a critical study of Justice Antonin Scalia’s jurisprudence, his work on the U.S. Supreme Court, and his significance for an understanding of American constitutionalism. After tracing Scalia’s emergence as a hero of the political right and his opposition to many of the decisions of the Warren Court, this book examines his general jurisprudential theory of originalism and textualism, arguing that he failed to produce either the objective method he claimed or the “correct” constitutional results he promised. Focusing on his judicial performance over his thirty years on the Court, the book examines his opinions on virtually all of the constitutional issues he addressed, from fundamentals of structure to most major constitutional provisions. The book argues that Scalia applied his jurisprudential theories in inconsistent ways and often ignored, twisted, or abandoned the interpretive methods he proclaimed, in most cases reaching results that were consistent with “conservative” politics and the ideology of the post-Reagan Republican Party. Most broadly, it argues that Scalia’s jurisprudence and career are particularly significant because they exemplify—contrary to his own persistent claims—three paramount characteristics of American constitutionalism: the inherent inadequacy of “originalism” and other formal interpretive methodologies to produce “correct” answers to controverted constitutional questions; the relationship—particularly close in Scalia’s case—between constitutional interpretations on one hand and substantive personal and political goals on the other; and the truly and unavoidably “living” nature of American constitutionalism itself. As a historical matter, the book concludes, Scalia stands as a towering figure of irony because his judicial career disproved the central claims of his own jurisprudence.

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37

(Editor), J. Platt Bradbury, et Walter E. Dean (Editor), dir. Elk Lake, Minnesota : Evidence for Rapid Climate Change in the North-Central United States : 1993 (Special Paper (Geological Society of America)). Geological Society of America, 1993.

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38

Odem, Mary E. Immigration and Ethnic Diversity in the South, 1980–2010. Sous la direction de Ronald H. Bayor. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199766031.013.021.

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In the last decades of the twentieth century, the U.S. South became a major new immigrant destination. Largely bypassed by immigrants in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the Southeast is now home to millions of people from Latin America, Asia, Africa, and the Caribbean. A region historically defined by a black/white racial divide has become a multi-ethnic, multiracial society over the course of just two decades. This essay examines key issues and debates in the growing body of scholarship on new immigration to the South, with a focus on Latin American and Asian immigration. Central themes include: the emergence of the Southeast as a magnet for immigrants; economic incorporation and the transformation of southern workplaces; changing racial/ethnic relations; patterns of settlement in the suburban South; racial formation of immigrants in the post-Civil Rights era.

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Nell, Dawn D’Arcy. English Language Teaching. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199574797.003.0018.

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The chapter assesses the role of the English Language Teaching Department—its structure, management, profitability, and publications—and its impact on the Press as a whole. The extraordinary growth of Oxford’s ELT programme resulted in part from a global shift towards English-language learning in old markets and a rapid growth of new markets around the world to which OUP had good access through its branches and established international trade. New ELT courses were developed or adapted for use in Africa, Central and East Asia, the Middle East, Latin America, and, most successfully, in Europe. Successful series titles included Crescent English Course, Access to English, Streamline, and Headway. Despite intense competition and some unprofitable partnerships, OUP became the world’s leading ELT publisher through developing reliable titles for children and adults and placing a strong emphasis on market strategy.

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Finamore, Roy, Sandy Ingber, Iain Bagwell et Atsushi Tomioka. Grand Central Oyster Bar and Restaurant Cookbook : Recipes and Tales from a Classic American Restaurant. ABRAMS (Ignition), 2013.

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41

Harvey, Paul, et Kathryn Gin Lum, dir. The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Race in American History. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190221171.001.0001.

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The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Race in American History is a reference work in which thirty-seven leading scholars from the fields of History, Religious Studies, Sociology, Anthropology, and others investigate the complex interdependencies of religion and race through American history. The book covers the religious experience, social realities, theologies, and sociologies of racialized groups in American religious history. It explores how religion contributed to their racialization, and race to perceptions about the validity of their religious expressions. Religion played a significant part in creating race. While Euro-American Christianity was hardly the sole force in this process, Christian myth, originating from interpretations of biblical stories as well as speculations about God’s Providence, necessarily was central to the process of racializing peoples in the Americas––to imposing hierarchies upon groups of humans. But if Christianity fostered racialization, it also undermined it. Sacred passages and practices have been powerful but ambiguous, and arguments about God’s Providence in colonization, proselytization, and slavery have always been contentious. Assumptions about race have also helped to define religion in the United States, and what counts as protectable under the First Amendment. Practitioners of indigenous religions, Islam, Judaism, Buddhism, Hinduism, humanism, and others have drawn on their traditions to claim religious freedom, foster group identity, challenge racialization, and participate in race-making. Race and religion have also been created and debated through popular culture, and this volume includes considerations of music, film, sports, and photography in addition to the chapters covering theoretical approaches, traditions, and historical periods.

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42

Burkholder, Zoë. An African American Dilemma. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190605131.001.0001.

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Since Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, Americans have viewed school integration as a central tenet of the Black civil rights movement. Yet school integration was not the only—or even always the dominant—civil rights strategy. At times, African Americans also fought for separate, Black-controlled schools dedicated to racial uplift, community empowerment, and self-determination. An African American Dilemma offers a social history of debates over school integration within northern Black communities from the 1840s to the present. This broad geographical and temporal focus reveals that northern Black educational activists vacillated between a preference for either school integration or separation during specific eras. However, there was never a consensus, so the dissent, debate, and counter-narratives that pushed families to consider a fuller range of educational reforms are also highlighted here. Presenting a sweeping historical analysis that covers the entire history of public education in the North, the book broadens our understanding of school integration by highlighting the diverse perspectives of Black students, parents, teachers, and community leaders all committed to improving public education. It finds that Black school integrationists and separatists have worked together in a dynamic tension that fueled effective strategies for educational reform and the Black civil rights movement. The book draws on an enormous range of archival data including the black press, school board records, social science studies, the papers of civil rights activists, and court cases.

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Stone Sweet, Alec, et Jud Mathews. Proportionality Balancing and Constitutional Governance. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198841395.001.0001.

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This book focuses on the law and politics of rights protection in democracies, and in human rights regimes in Europe, the Americas, and Africa. After introducing the basic features of modern constitutions, with their emphasis on rights and judicial review, the authors present a theory of proportionality that explains why constitutional judges embraced it. Proportionality analysis is a highly intrusive mode of judicial supervision: it permits state officials to limit rights, but only when necessary to achieve a sufficiently important public interest. Since the 1950s, virtually every powerful domestic and international court has adopted proportionality as the central method for protecting rights. In doing so, judges positioned themselves to review all important legislative and administrative decisions, and to invalidate them as unconstitutional when they fail the proportionality test. The result has been a massive—and global—transformation of law and politics. The book explicates the concepts of “trusteeship,” the “system of constitutional justice,” the “effectiveness” of rights adjudication, and the “zone of proportionality.” A wide range of case studies analyze: how proportionality has spread, and variation in how it is deployed; the extent to which the U.S. Supreme Court has evolved and resisted similar doctrines; the role of proportionality in building ongoing “constitutional dialogues” with the other branches of government; and the importance of the principle to the courts of regional human rights regimes. While there is variance in the intensity of proportionality-based dialogues, such interactions are today at the heart of governance in the modern constitutional state and beyond.

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44

Shadow courts : The tribunals that rule global trade. 2016.

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45

Melosi, Martin V. Atomic Age America. Pearson Education, Limited, 2012.

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46

Melosi, Martin V. Atomic Age America. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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47

Melosi, Martin V. Atomic Age America. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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48

Melosi, Martin V. Atomic Age America. Pearson Education, Limited, 2012.

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49

Atomic Age America. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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Melosi, Martin V. Atomic Age America. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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