Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Country life – England – Norfolk »
Créez une référence correcte selon les styles APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard et plusieurs autres
Sommaire
Consultez les listes thématiques d’articles de revues, de livres, de thèses, de rapports de conférences et d’autres sources académiques sur le sujet « Country life – England – Norfolk ».
À côté de chaque source dans la liste de références il y a un bouton « Ajouter à la bibliographie ». Cliquez sur ce bouton, et nous générerons automatiquement la référence bibliographique pour la source choisie selon votre style de citation préféré : APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
Vous pouvez aussi télécharger le texte intégral de la publication scolaire au format pdf et consulter son résumé en ligne lorsque ces informations sont inclues dans les métadonnées.
Articles de revues sur le sujet "Country life – England – Norfolk"
1
Heale, M. R. V. « Veneration and renovation at a small Norfolk priory : St. Leonard's, Norwich in the later middle ages* ». Historical Research 76, no 194 (22 octobre 2003) : 431–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2281.00184.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Much remains obscure about the many small monasteries of late medieval England, and it is generally thought that they made little contribution to the religious life of the country. The large collection of accounts surviving from St. Leonard's priory, Norwich (a daughter house of the cathedral priory), however, presents an interesting picture of a priory sustained almost entirely by offerings to its image of St. Leonard. This cult continued to attract broad support throughout the later middle ages, with its income reaching a peak at over forty pounds per year in the mid fifteenth century. Almost the entirety of this windfall was set aside for a systematic renovation of the monastery, which can be chronicled in some detail. Although the cult was on the wane by 1500, the importance of the priory for the popular religion of the region emerges clearly.
2
Mukhtyar, C., C. Beadsmoore, F. Coath, G. Ducker, K. Sisson et R. Watts. « AB0702 THE INCIDENCE OF LARGE VESSEL VASCULITIS IN NORFOLK, UK ». Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (30 mai 2023) : 1555.3–1555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.308.
Texte intégralRésumé :
BackgroundThere are no data on the collective incidence of the large vessel vasculitides. The data of incidence of GCA and Takayasu arteritis in the UK has been based on clinical coding in routine administrative datasets. There are no data on the incidence of these diseases based on clinically verified diagnoses. We studied the incidence of the large vessel vasculitides in a stable population with a predominant Northern European ancestry.ObjectivesTo report the incidence of large vessel vasculitis and its subsets in Norfolk, UK.MethodsIndividuals attending a secondary care hospital with a clinically verified diagnosis of primary systemic vasculitis made between 2011-2020, who lived within the NR postcode districts of Norfolk County borders were included if they met classification criteria (ACR 1990 or ACR/EULAR 2022) for GCA/ Takayasu arteritis[1-4], or had definite tissue or imaging evidence of large vessel vasculitis. The population data from the 2011 census, available from the office of national statistics was used as the denominator. If classification criteria for both GCA and TAK were met, a clinical decision was taken to decide on the subtype.Results272 individuals were diagnosed with a large vessel vasculitis in a population of 454,316 above the age of 18. The annual incidence of large vessel vasculitis in Norfolk is 59.9/million in population above the age of 18. The annual incidence of giant cell arteritis is 9.9/100000 in population above the age of 50 using the ACR 1990 criteria and 10.6/100000 using the ACR/EULAR 2022 criteria. There is a marked rise in the incidence from 2017 onwards when a fast-track pathway was formally established (Table 1). There is dip in the incidence in 2020 when services were suspended during the SARS-COV2 pandemic. The annual incidence peaks at 168.5/100000 in the 9thdecade of life and is commoner in females (12.3/100000) than males (7.3/100000). The annual incidence of Takayasu arteritis is 3.3/million in population above the age of 18 using the ACR 1990 criteria and 1.1/million using the ACR/EULAR 2022 criteria.ConclusionThis is the first study that reports the incidence of all objectively diagnosed large vessel vasculitis from a secondary centre which provides services to a large stable population in the East of England. The incidence of GCA rose with the establishment of a fast-track pathway and its peak may have been affected by the SARS-COV2 pandemic. GCA is commoner in females and peaks in the 8th and 9th decades.References[1]Hunder GG, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of giant cell arteritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1990 Aug;33(8):1122-8.[2]Arend WP, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of Takayasu arteritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1990 Aug;33(8):1129-34.[3]Ponte C, et al. 2022 American College of Rheumatology/EULAR classification criteria for giant cell arteritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2022 Dec;81(12):1647-1653.[4]Grayson PC, et al. 2022 American College of Rheumatology/EULAR classification criteria for Takayasu arteritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2022 Dec;81(12):1654-1660.Table 1.Incidence of GCA by age, gender and year using the ACR 1990 criteriaNumber of casesIncidence (per 100000 in age >50)Age6thdecade99.97thdecade5354.48thdecade109166.49thdecade63168.510thdecade678.7GenderFemale15012.3Male797.3Year of diagnosis2011146.12012146.12013146.12014219.12015114.82016166.920172912.620184017.320194318.620202711.7AcknowledgementsNational Health Service.Norfolk and Norwich Hospitals Charity.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.
3
Mingay, G. E., et Howard Newby. « Country Life : A Social History of Rural England. » Economic History Review 41, no 2 (mai 1988) : 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2596066.
Texte intégral
4
Bohstedt, John, et Howard Newby. « Country Life : A Social History of Rural England ». American Historical Review 94, no 4 (octobre 1989) : 1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1906665.
Texte intégral
5
Wood, Curtis W., et Howard Newby. « Country Life : A Social History of Rural England ». History Teacher 21, no 1 (novembre 1987) : 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/492832.
Texte intégral
6
Winter, Michael. « Country life : a social history of rural England ». Journal of Rural Studies 5, no 1 (janvier 1989) : 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0743-0167(89)90025-9.
Texte intégral
7
Holt, S.J., T. G. « A Note on Bury's Hall in Norfolk ». Recusant History 18, no 4 (octobre 1987) : 440–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268419500020717.
Texte intégralRésumé :
TWENTY YEARS AGO an article entitled ‘The Eyres of Hassop and some of their connections from the Test Act to Emancipation’ was published in two parts in Recusant History. A section was devoted to the Eyres of Norfolk. Their house in that county—Bury's or Bures or Berries Hall near Swaffham—was acquired by Thomas Eyre at some date shortly before 1688 and passed to three of his six sons, Henry, John and James, in succession, being sold after the death of the last in 1749. In recent years it has ceased to be a private house and is now a country hotel. There remain in the neighbourhood to remind the visitor of the family the monumental inscriptions in the nearby Holme Hale church to Mary, the wife of Thomas Eyre—‘She was very exemplary and eminent for her piety, charity and other virtues, and exchanged this life for a better the 28th of September 1710, Aet. 67’—and to two of her sons.
8
Preece, David, et Ivana Lessner Lištiaková. « “There Isn’t Really Anything around Here…” : Autism, Education and the Experience of Families Living in Rural Coastal England ». Education Sciences 11, no 8 (2 août 2021) : 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11080397.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Autism affects over 2% of the school population in England. Education has proven to be an effective intervention strategy that improves the quality of life of children with autism and their families. However, governmental austerity policies have increased disadvantage in coastal areas of England with a detrimental impact on people with disabilities. This qualitative study explored the lives of families living with autism in rural coastal England. Mothers, fathers, grandparents and young people from 21 families living with autism in West Norfolk and Cornwall shared their experience through semi-structured interviews that were conducted in early 2019. Families identified positive and negative aspects of living in these areas, including barriers preventing access to and inclusion in education. Barriers were related to poor infrastructure, sparse specialised services (resulting in diagnostic delay and difficulties), limited autism awareness, lack of trained professionals, and the impact of austerity across health, social care and education. Families’ struggles are amplified by the intersectionality of (a) autism-specific needs, (b) physical distance and small-community life related to rurality and (c) the seasonal and peripheral nature of coastal life. Access to education for children with autism in rural coastal areas of England could be improved by acknowledging and addressing the intersecting factors intensifying their marginalisation.
9
LEE, ROBERT. « Customs in Conflict : Some Causes of Anti-Clericalism in Rural Norfolk, 1815–1914 ». Rural History 14, no 2 (16 septembre 2003) : 197–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793303001031.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This article examines aspects of the relationship between the Norfolk poor and the Norfolk clergy between 1815 and 1914. It considers the potential impact clergymen could have upon a number of areas of secular life, especially with regard to the extirpation of popular culture and custom, the social and moral management inherent in charity and Poor Law administration, and the development of ‘power networks’ in the countryside that confronted the challenge posed by religious Nonconformity and political radicalism. The article is principally concerned with the importance of the Church of England as an instrument of secular authority in nineteenth-century rural life. Rival social structures and conflicting economic interests are subjected to both quantitative and qualitative analysis, while keys to cultural tension are sought in such iconic areas as the pageantry of parish entertainments; the re-casting of law to act against custom; the rise of the clergyman as antiquarian historian and amateur archaeologist; the symbolism and architecture of the restored church. In so doing an attempt is made to address questions that are at once broadly political and narrowly human in their scope. What did the Oxbridge scholar – perhaps having spent the preceding three years conversing in Greek and Latin with his peers – find to ‘say’ to the agricultural labourers now in his pastoral care? And why, when the clergyman (often justifiably) thought of himself as working unstintingly in his parishioners' interests, was he so often heartily despised by them?
10
Meng, Yuan, et Yapei Zhang. « Economics of Vaccine in England ». Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 10 (9 mai 2023) : 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hbem.v10i.7966.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study examines the economic effects of COVID-19 vaccine rollouts using a cross-country daily vaccination database and high-frequency indicators of economic activity—NO2 emissions, COemissions. We hitch go wool-gathering an uncourteous store in a hurry relative to a significant increase in productive activity. We anticipate contract hegemony for nonlinear emphatic vaccines, with insignificant remunerative profits increasing as vaccination rates rise. If absolute containment products are in place or if the country is experiencing a severe outbreak, country-specific issuance plays a primary role, resulting in far lower economic income. Surely, the consequences billet say-so of spillovers swelling vitality, highlighting the enumeration of equitable access to vaccines across nations. In addition, vaccines have a great impact on education, job employment rate, and people's quality of life. In education, many schools have changed the way of attending classes due to the epidemic, and the cost of attending classes has been reduced. At the same time, it also helps many people to develop and use video software. In addition, as the pandemic has affected the economy, many companies have faced closures and layoffs, leading to a significant decline in employment. We can't imagine how many people will lose their jobs as the companies they work for close down. A decline in employment leads to a loss of wages and reduced consumption, which in turn affects the economy as a whole. So vaccine development tends to increase employment, and companies can work when fewer people are sick. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the health of the economy.
Thèses sur le sujet "Country life – England – Norfolk"
1
Campbell, Linda. « Sir Roger Townshend and his family a study of gentry life in early seventeenth century Norfolk / ». Thesis, Online version, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.238665.
Texte intégral
2
Nasstrom, Heidi. « "Live in the country with faith" Jane and Ralph Whitehead, the Simple Life Movement, and Arts and Crafts in the United States, England, and on the continent, 1870-1930 / ». College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8021.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of American Studies. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
3
Ganev, Robin. « Popular ballads and rural identity in Britain, 1700-1830 / ». 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNQ99170.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2004. Graduate Programme in History.Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 312-337). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNQ99170
4
Tyler, John. « A Pragmatic Standard of Legal Validity ». Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-05-10885.
Texte intégralRésumé :
American jurisprudence currently applies two incompatible validity standards to determine which laws are enforceable. The natural law tradition evaluates validity by an uncertain standard of divine law, and its methodology relies on contradictory views of human reason. Legal positivism, on the other hand, relies on a methodology that commits the analytic fallacy, separates law from its application, and produces an incomplete model of law.
These incompatible standards have created a schism in American jurisprudence that impairs the delivery of justice. This dissertation therefore formulates a new standard for legal validity. This new standard rejects the uncertainties and inconsistencies inherent in natural law theory. It also rejects the narrow linguistic methodology of legal positivism.
In their stead, this dissertation adopts a pragmatic methodology that develops a standard for legal validity based on actual legal experience. This approach focuses on the operations of law and its effects upon ongoing human activities, and it evaluates legal principles by applying the experimental method to the social consequences they produce. Because legal history provides a long record of past experimentation with legal principles, legal history is an essential feature of this method.
This new validity standard contains three principles. The principle of reason requires legal systems to respect every subject as a rational creature with a free will. The principle of reason also requires procedural due process to protect against the punishment of the innocent and the tyranny of the majority. Legal systems that respect their subjects' status as rational creatures with free wills permit their subjects to orient their own behavior. The principle of reason therefore requires substantive due process to ensure that laws provide dependable guideposts to individuals in orienting their behavior.
The principle of consent recognizes that the legitimacy of law derives from the consent of those subject to its power. Common law custom, the doctrine of stare decisis, and legislation sanctioned by the subjects' legitimate representatives all evidence consent.
The principle of autonomy establishes the authority of law. Laws must wield supremacy over political rulers, and political rulers must be subject to the same laws as other citizens. Political rulers may not arbitrarily alter the law to accord to their will.
Legal history demonstrates that, in the absence of a validity standard based on these principles, legal systems will not treat their subjects as ends in themselves. They will inevitably treat their subjects as mere means to other ends. Once laws do this, men have no rest from evil.
Livres sur le sujet "Country life – England – Norfolk"
1
Mackie, Mary. Frogspawn and floor polish : Upstairs and downstairs in a National Trust house. Chichester, West Sussex : Summersdale, 2003.
Trouver le texte intégral
2
François, La Rochefoucauld. A Frenchman's year in Suffolk : French impressions of Suffolk life in 1784 : including a preliminary week in London, brief visits to Cambridge, Colchester, Mistley and Harwich and a fortnight's tour of Norfolk. Woodbridge, Suffolk : Boydell Press, 2011.
Trouver le texte intégral
3
Hales, Jane. Winds of change in Norfolk. Bristol : Orlando Publishing, 1991.
Trouver le texte intégral
4
François, La Rochefoucauld. A Frenchman's year in Suffolk : French impressions of Suffolk life in 1784 : including a preliminary week in London, brief visits to Cambridge, Colchester, Mistley and Harwich and a fortnight's tour of Norfolk. Woodbridge, Suffolk : Boydell Press, 1988.
Trouver le texte intégral
5
McPhillips, Peggy Haile. Remembering Norfolk. Nashville, Tenn : Trade Paper Press, 2010.
Trouver le texte intégral
6
Cusk, Rachel. The country life. London : Picador, 1998.
Trouver le texte intégral
7
Lindsay, Donald. Sir Edmund Bacon : A Norfolk life. Maldon : Plume, 1988.
Trouver le texte intégral
8
1951-, Holmes David, dir. The Norfolk broads. Stroud, Gloucestershire : Sutton Pub., 1996.
Trouver le texte intégral
9
Larkin, Jack. The New England country tavern. Sturbridge, Mass : Old Sturbridge, 2000.
Trouver le texte intégral
10
Cusk, Rachel. The country life. London : Picador, 1997.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Country life – England – Norfolk"
1
McDonald, Russ. « Town and Country : Life in Shakespeare’s England ». Dans The Bedford Companion to Shakespeare, 221–50. London : Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13753-4_8.
Texte intégral
2
Collinson, Patrick. « Early life and upbringing ». Dans Elizabeth I, 1–12. Oxford University PressOxford, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199213566.003.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Elizabeth I (1533–1603), queen of England and Ireland, was born between 3 and 4 o’clock on the afternoon of Sunday 7 September 1533 at Greenwich Palace, Kent, the only child of Henry VIII (1491– 1547), king of England and Ireland, and his second wife, Anne (c.1500–1536), queen of England, the second of three children of Thomas Boleyn, earl of Wiltshire and earl of Ormond (1476/7–1539), courtier and nobleman, of Blickling, Norfolk, and his wife, Elizabeth ( d . 1538).
3
Abbott, Mary. « Monument to Thomas Greene St Nicholas’ Chapel St Ann’s Street, King’s Lynn, Norfolk ». Dans Life Cycles in England 1560–1720, 302–3. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003071419-70.
Texte intégral
4
Abbott, Mary. « Advice to the country housewife of the sixteenth century ». Dans Life Cycles in England 1560–1720, 179. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003071419-22.
Texte intégral
5
« ‘Prophet in his own country’ : The early life of St Dunstan ». Dans The Making of England. I.B.Tauris, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350988897.ch-010.
Texte intégral
6
Hetherington, Peter. « Learning from History ». Dans Land Renewed, 26–37. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529217414.003.0002.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This chapter reviews the land reforms that were implemented in Britain and provided the means — for those without the considerable means of the ruling, landowning classes — to gain a foothold on the farming or the smallholding ladder. The discussion tackles Liberal MP Joseph Chamberlain's proposal that county councils could buy land and lease it to tenant farmers. A series of Acts in 1890, 1908 and 1925 turned his vision into reality, with the help of Lloyd George. Farms were seen as an essential ‘ladder of opportunity’. In England where private landlordism still accounts for 48 percent of agricultural land, either fully or partly tenanted, Cambridgeshire has the largest farming estate, incorporating 180 farms spread over 33,000 acres, making the authority one of the larger landowners in East Anglia. Like Cambridgeshire, the neighbouring county councils of Norfolk and Suffolk, with 16,800 and 12,400 acres respectively, are similarly committed to maintaining the size of their farming estates, selling some land for housing, often affordable, while buying other parcels where appropriate. The chapter highlights the success of council-owned farmlands, stressing their importance in providing a framework for local goods, sustaining, and creating rural employment beyond the farm gate, improving biodiversity, and providing space both for recreation and for affordable housing. It looks at the limitations of the Agriculture Act of 1970, considered the last substantial piece of legislation aimed at reinforcing the status of county farms in England. The chapter stresses that food security and farming are key responsibilities of the government.
7
« ‘A Country Life’ : Sir Hamon Le Strange of Hunstanton in Norfolk, 1583–1654 ». Dans Custom, Improvement and the Landscape in Early Modern Britain, 213–44. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315258638-14.
Texte intégral
8
Thomas, (Philip) Edward. « British Country Life in Spring and Summer ». Dans Edward Thomas : Prose Writings : A Selected Edition, Vol. 2 : England and Wales, sous la direction de Guy Cuthbertson et Lucy Newlyn. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oseo/instance.00284370.
Texte intégral
9
Thomas, (Philip) Edward. « British Country Life in Autumn and Winter ». Dans Edward Thomas : Prose Writings : A Selected Edition, Vol. 2 : England and Wales, sous la direction de Guy Cuthbertson et Lucy Newlyn. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oseo/instance.00284371.
Texte intégral
10
Thirsk, Joan. « Daily life in town and country ». Dans Shakespeare, 103–13. Oxford University PressOxford, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199245222.003.0010.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract This chapter aims to give a picture of everyday life in Shakespeare’s England. Any one of us going back in time would at first be struck by the familiarity of the scene, showing people doing the same things as us, getting up, snatching food before going about their daily tasks, talking with others along the road, muttering all the stock phrases and cliches in hurried conversations, switching from one mood to another, complaining, arguing, laughing and joking, pondering thoughtfully on life in general, and sharing deep sorrows in death. But we would also soon notice behind the many basic similarities in these doings a host of different assumptions.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Country life – England – Norfolk"
1
Togawa, Satoshi, Akiko Kondo et Kazuhide Kanenishi. « Designing a Learning History Storing Framework with Blockchain Technology for Against Multi Hazards ». Dans AHFE 2023 Hawaii Edition. AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004304.
Texte intégralRésumé :
On February 24, 2022, Russian forces began their invasion of Ukraine. As of May 2023, approximately 20% of Ukraine has been occupied by Russia, and the war is still ongoing. Conflicts and wars devastate many buildings, infrastructure, regional transportation networks, and telecommunications networks. The outbreak of war threatens the very existence of not only the occupied territories but also the nation itself. Obviously, this has a major impact on the continuity of social life itself.On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. This declaration remained in effect until its termination on May 5, 2023. During this period, the pandemic caused global logistical outages and disrupted human interaction. The outbreak of infection caused by the pandemic restricted the ability of people to meet or talk directly with each other.Extreme weather events caused by climate change are becoming more frequent and more damaging every year. In July 2022, temperatures exceeding 40°C were observed in eastern England for the first time in recorded history. Abnormally high temperatures caused by heat waves lead to major fires in the region. The largest wildfire in southwestern France burned more than 19,000 hectares of land. It is reported that more than 34,000 residents were evacuated.Whatever the cause, natural disasters or conflicts, they generally have a significant impact on the lives of citizens and social activities. The impacts are long-lasting. Depending on the type of disaster, the disaster recovery frameworks that have been effective in the past may not work in some situations.In the field of higher education, such as university education, the use of learning analysis, which aims to clarify learners' learning behavior based on their learning history, is being actively pursued. Learning histories are stored in public clouds such as Amazon Web Services and Google Cloud Platform, and are protected by the large-scale disaster recovery mechanism of cloud storage. However, the outbreak of war or regional conflict, or the occurrence of a disaster that threatens the survival of a country itself, makes it difficult to provide public cloud services, which are merely private commercial services. We must ensure that the learning history of learners, which cannot be recovered once it is lost, is stored and maintained even in multi-hazard situations.In this study, we construct a learning history storing framework that applies blockchain technology in order to store and maintain learners' learning history even in multi-hazard situations. By applying the decentralized and autonomous nature of blockchain technology, the learning history can be maintained and restored even in the event of a functional failure or data loss of information communication networks or data centers due to a disaster. In this presentation, we describe the design of a blockchain mechanism for learning history retention and describe a learning history retention mechanism linked to an existing Learning Management System. The design and effectiveness of the prototype system implemented for validation are also described.
2
Науменкова, Е. О. « London in the of Russian Travelers’ Writings of the Second Half of the XIXth Century ». Dans Конференция памяти профессора С.Б. Семёнова ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ЗАРУБЕЖНОЙ ИСТОРИИ. Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55000/semconf.2023.3.3.021.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Статья посвящена репрезентациям Лондона и ее жителей в травелогах, дневниках, мемуарах, брошюрах, отчетах русских путешественников второй половины XIX в. Благоприятные условия для путешествия за границу появились с вступлением на престол Александра II и началом «оттепели». Определенная часть российского общества открыто восхищалась Англией и считала ее своеобразным идеалом, с которого России стоит брать пример в модернизации страны. К примеру, князь Мещерский был отправлен в Лондон изучить полицейскую систему Британии. Интересны очерки М. И. Зарудного, М. Л. Михайлова, А. Забелина. Особый интерес представляют заметки в записной книжке путешественника Н. П. Кравченко, бывшего в Лондоне проездом. Следует обратить внимание на литературно обработанные впечатления русского писателя И. А. Гончарова. По облику столицы путешественники формировали образ нации и государства. Русских современников восхищала архитектура, технические новинки, разнообразие музеев, парков, развитие общественного транспорта, огромный выбор гостиниц и заведений питания, что говорило об удобстве и комфорте городской жизни. Несмотря на все перечисленное, отечественные путешественники не полюбили Лондон. Отчасти это объяснялось пасмурной погодой, шумным городским движением, обилием мошенников и очень высокими ценами, особенно для русских туристов. Искреннее изумление вызывала нищета части населения «мастерской мира». Поэтому, несмотря на англоманию, распространенную в России, столица Британии не стала для них «своей», подобно Парижу или Берлину, в которые хотелось бы вернуться. The article is devoted to the representations of London and its inhabitants in travelogues, diaries, memoirs, pamphlets, reports of Russian travelers of the second half of the XIXth century. Favorable conditions for traveling abroad appeared with the accession to the throne of Alexander II and the beginning of the "thaw". A certain part of Russian society openly admired England and considered it a kind of ideal which Russia should take an example of in the modernization of the country. For example, Prince Meshchersky was sent to London to study the British police system. The essays of M. I. Zarudny, M. L. Mikhailov, A. Zabelin are interesting. Of particular interest are the notes in the notebook of the traveler N. P. Kravchenko, who was passing through London. It is necessary to pay attention to the literary impressions of the Russian writer I. A. Goncharov. By the appearance of the capital did travelers form the image of the nation and the state. Russian contemporaries admired architecture, technical innovations, a variety of museums, parks, the development of public transport, a huge selection of hotels and catering establishments, which allows us to talk about the convenience and comfort of urban life. Despite all of the above said, domestic travelers did not like Long-don. This was partly due to cloudy weather, noisy city traffic, an abundance of scammers and very high prices, especially for Russian tourists. Sincere amazement was caused by the poverty of a part of the population of the "workshop of the world". Therefore, despite the Anglomania being prevalent in Russia, the British capital did not become their own, like Paris or Berlin, to which they would like to return.
3
Князев, П. Ю. « The Dutch Diplomat and Statesman HansWillem Bentinck (1649–1709) Through the Eyes of His Contemporaries ». Dans Конференция памяти профессора С.Б. Семёнова ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ЗАРУБЕЖНОЙ ИСТОРИИ. Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55000/semconf.2023.3.3.009.
Texte intégralRésumé :
После «Славной революции» 1688–1689 гг. под управлением статхаудера Вильгельма III Оранского оказались не только северонидерландские области, но и территории композитарной Британской монархии; политическим влиянием по обе стороны Северного моря обладал фаворит Вильгельма – дипломат, военный и государственный деятель Ханс-Виллем Бентинк. Бентинк оставался в числе ближайших сподвижников Вильгельма: он внес вклад в организацию переворота 1688–1689 гг. и был щедро награжден – став в 1689 г. королем, Вильгельм пожаловал ему титул графа Портленда. Фаворит был нужен для особо сложных и деликатных поручений, а значит, навлекал на себя особое недовольство оппозиции. В статье проанализировано формирование образа Бентинка в сочинениях современников, главным образом в английских памфлетах конца XVII в. Показано, как образ «влиятельной фигуры» использовался в противостоянии властей и оппозиции на рубеже XVII–XVIII вв. Распространенное в публицистике осуждение фаворита за то, что он, действуя в интересах Вильгельма, оказывает услугу иностранной державе, – ключевая тема, которая позволяла аморфной «партии страны» укрепить своё единство. Казус Х. -В. Бентинка показывает, сколь непростым было положение в Англии рубежа XVII–XVIII вв. фаворита-иностранца. В то же время опыт нахождения Бентинка на высоких государственных постах был учтен англичанами еще при жизни фаворита: часть статей принятого в 1701 г. «Акта об устроении» могут рассматриваться в качестве одного из следствий этого опыта. After the Glorious Revolution of 1688–1689, led by the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange, not only the Dutch republic, but the whole British composite Monarchy was under the control of the stadholder-king. Political influence on both sides of the North Sea was provided by William’s favorite and diplomat, military commander and statesman Hans-Willem Bentinck. Bentinck was consistently included into the circle of Wilhelm's associates: he contributed to the organization of the coup of 1688–1689 and was generously rewarded – after becoming King in 1689, William granted him the title of Earl of Portland. The favorite was given complex and delicate assignments, therefore he was confronted by the opposition. The article analyzes the images of Bentinck in the writings of his contemporaries, mainly in English pamphlets of the late 17th century. It is shown how the image of an "influential figure" was used in the confrontation between the authorities and the opposition at the turn of the XVIIth – XVIIIth centuries. The widespread condemnation of the favorite in pamphlets for the fact that, acting in the name of William III, he provided services to a foreign power, is a key theme that helped the amorphous “country party” to strengthen its unity. The case of Bentinck shows how complicated was the situation in England at the turn of the XVIIth – XVIIIth centuries. At the same time, the experience of Bentinck’s tenure of the highest government positions was taken into account by the English statesmen during the life of the favorite: part of the articles of 1701 Act of Settlement can be regarded as one of the consequences of this experience.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Country life – England – Norfolk"
1
Hunter, Fraser, et Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, septembre 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age. Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v Landscapes and regions: Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change? Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial. Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth. Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs. Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully. Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people. The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world