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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Cotton zones of India »

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Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 26 juillet 2024
Mis à jour le 28 juillet 2024

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1

Rajashekar, Jampala, K. Rajashekar, K. Vijaya Lakshmi et Sreedhar Chauhan. « Studies on Performance of Bt Cotton Hybrids against Jassids (Amrasca bigutulla bigutulla Ishida) During Summer Season ». International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no 12 (23 décembre 2023) : 864–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i123749.

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Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum. L) is indeed a significant cash crop grown in three agro-climatic zones of India. The Indian subcontinent is considered the birthplace of cotton, and it has been a crucial part of human civilization for centuries. It is renowned as the most important natural fibre or vegetable wool and has been cultivated for both domestic consumption and export purpose for proximately 111 countries worldwide. Cotton is a vital crop that plays a significant role in the global economy. It provides livelihoods for over 250 million people worldwide and accounts for nearly 7% of the labour force in developing countries. The field experiment was carried out at Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Adilabad, Telangana during summer 2022-23. A Total of 8 Bt cotton hybrids were evaluated against jassids of cotton under unprotected conditions. Lowest population of jassids were recorded in hybrid NCS-2778 (3.76 jassids per 3 leaves), followed by RCH-659 (5.41 jassids), PRADEEP (6.27 jassids), MOKSHA (6.45jassids per 3 leaves). The highest population of jassids were recorded in JADHU (9.91 jassids) and MONEY MAKER (7.70 jassids).
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S.K. JALOTA et B.B. VASHISHT. « Adapting cropping systems to future climate change scenario in three agro-climatic zones of Punjab, India ». Journal of Agrometeorology 18, no 1 (1 juin 2016) : 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v18i1.899.

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The present study focuses on (1) projections of future climate data (for the years of 2020, 2050 and 2080) from three general circulation models (HadCM3, CCCMA-CGCM2 and CSIRO-MK2) for two scenarios (A2 and B2) for three agro-climatic zones of the Indian Punjab (ii) assessment of climate change impact on productivity of maize-wheat cropping system in moist to dry sub-humid, rice-wheat in hot dry semiarid and cotton-wheat in hot arid zones and (iii) evaluation of shifting planting dates as an adaptation measure to sustain crop yields. The results indicate that in future the magnitude of climate change and variability would vary with agro-climatic zone, model and scenario. Maximum temperature, minimum temperature and rainfall would be higher in moist to dry sub-humid zone than hot arid. Simulations with cropping system model anticipated reduction in yields of all the three cropping systems for future years; however, cotton crop was more vulnerable than maize and rice. Delaying trans/planting of maize by 7 days in sub humid zone, rice by 7-15 days in semi arid and cotton by 21 days in arid zone in future emerged as doable adaptation measure to minimize yield reduction in future.
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K. Gill, Arshdeep, Ramesh Arora et Vikas Jindal. « Molecular Characterization of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) Populations from Punjab, India ». Ecology, Environment and Conservation 30, Suppl.Issue (2024) : 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2024.v30i02s.035.

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Helicoverpa armigera Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a highly polyphagous and migratory pest of several economically important crops in parts of Africa, Asia, Australia and Europe. Molecular variability of H. armigera infesting different crops viz. non-Bt cotton, pigeon pea, Egyptian clover, sunflower and tomato mostly from the areas near Ludhiana, Punjab, India and inter-location variability on Egyptian clover across three agroclimatic zones of Punjab was studied by mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I sequence alignments. Based on sequence analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene, the Ludhiana population differed from Gurdaspur population by the 0.2% and from Abohar population by 0.5% while the latter two differed from each other by 0.7%. Among populations infesting various host plants, cotton population differed from sunflower by 0.2%, Egyptian clover by 0.3% and tomato and pigeon pea by 0.4% suggesting little genetic variation among populations collected from different regions of Punjab and infesting various hosts.
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Kumar, Pradeep, et R. S. Shekhawat. « Costs, Returns, Resource Use Efficiency of American Cotton Production in Irrigated North Western Plain Zone of Rajasthan, India ». Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & ; Sociology 41, no 10 (14 octobre 2023) : 759–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i102222.

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The study was carried out at Irrigated North Western Plain Zone 1b of Rajasthan in agricultural year 2012-13. This zone covers about 80 percent of the total area of cotton in the state. The study focused on the cost and return, efficiency of resource use and problems faced by the farmers in American cotton production under different farm sizes. Two villages namely 4C and Mirjawala were selected from Sriganganagar tehsil of the zone. Thirty farmers were selected at random in proportion to the total number of farmers in each size group from the list of from American cotton farmers group. The total variable cost of per hectare American cotton was Rs 28985. The yield per ha was 18.70 quintals. The return over variable cost per hectare American cotton was Rs 61436. The Cobb Douglas production function, revealed that the in American cotton farmers were underutilized fertilizer. Non-availability of labour during peak season was reported as highly acute constraint for cotton farmers. The damage caused by insect pests was reported as main problem for American cotton sample farmers.
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SHARMA, RAKHEE, AMRENDER KUMAR, R. K. TANWAR et NIRANJAN SINGH. « Web-enabled data extraction system for cotton pests ». Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 88, no 6 (14 juin 2018) : 841–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v88i6.80574.

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Under Online Pest Monitoring and Advisory Services (OPMAS) program, huge information/data on cotton pest along with weather were collected in three intensive cotton growing zones, viz. the North Zone (Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan), the Central Zone (Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat), and the Southern Zone (Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu), in India. Based on pest monitoring weekly advisory services were issued to extension agencies and farmers for control measures of pests in the cotton crop. Under the project extraction system was developed which was based on three tier architecture, i.e. presentation, application and data tier to reduce the effort for searching a huge set of data for desired information on real time points. In the system, the central value of pest (mean, maximum and minimum) and spread of the pest in terms of variance and standard deviation may be obtained. These results can provide the epidemic status of the pest based on the threshold values which can be utilized to issue advisories to farmers about the pest control. In future the data extracted from this system can be used for pattern development using pest population as a character under study and time variable as an independent/explanatory variable.
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Kumar, Rishi, Satish Kumar Sain, Satnam Singh, Suneet Pandher, Roop Singh Meena, Anil Jakhar, Jasjinder Kaur et al. « Investigating the second whitefly population outbreak within a decade in the cotton growing zone of North India ». PeerJ 12 (4 juillet 2024) : e17476. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17476.

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The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), is a polyphagous and major pest of cotton worldwide. Both adults and nymphs of B. tabaci affect the crop by causing direct and indirect damage. A severe whitefly outbreak was experienced during 2015 on cotton in North India and this was followed by a profound infestation during 2022. The present research rigorously examined whether the proliferation in the whitefly population was an outbreak or the result of a multi factor resurgence. During 2015, whitefly counts remained above the economic threshold level (ETL) between 28th and 35th Standard Meteorological Week (SMW). However, during 2022 above ETL population was observed in 27th SMW and it persisted until 36th SMW. The peak incidence of the whitefly was noticed during 31st and 29th SMW in 2015 and 2022, respectively. The early pest build up in 2022 and longer persistence (≥10 weeks) over the cotton season resulted in more damage to cotton crop. Additionally, pest survillence across the zone on the farmers’ fields during 2022 revealed 44.4 per cent spots (585 out of 1,317 locations) above ETL while the corresponding locations in 2015 was 57% (620 out of 1,089). Thus, in 2022 infestation was not uniform in the entire zone wherein only few blocks of Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan states of India experienced severe infestations of the whitefly. This study reports the complex of factors including weather, delayed sowing, use of tank mixtures/ subleathal doses of insecticides, pest resurgence etc. that might have possibly contributed to these upsurges in whitefly on cotton in north India.
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NAVEEN P. SINGH, BHAWNA ANAND, K.V. RAO et RANJITH P.C. « Spatial and temporal assessment of climate impact on agriculture in plateau region, India ». Journal of Agrometeorology 22, no 3 (10 novembre 2021) : 353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v22i3.296.

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Using large-scale district-level data, the study examined the impact of climate change on crop yields during the period 1966-2011and predictsthe likely changes in yield sacross agro-climatic zones in Plateau Region. The future projections reveal that by 2080s, cotton yield is expected to decline by 7.18 percent in Western Plateau & Hills.By the end of the century, sorghum yield is projected to decline up to 19 percent in Central Plateau & Hills and increase by 18 percent in Western Plateau & Hills. Under midterm period, rapeseed & mustard yield is likely to reduce by 3.44 percent in Western Plateau & Hills. By 2050s maize yield is expected to reduce by 3.33 percent in Central Plateau & Hills. By 2080s, wheat yield is projected to decline by 5.44, percent in SouthernPlateau & Hills. The results suggest that impact of climate change on crop yield varies across regions, hence it is pertinent to formulate adaptation strategies and farm practices suitable to the crop and location specific needs that mitigate the likely exposure of food production and livelihoods to climate variations.
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Arumugam, S., KR Ashok, SN Kulshreshtha, I. Vellangany et R. Govindasamy. « Adapting to climate change through crop choice by small and medium farmers in Southern zone of Tamil Nadu, India ». SAARC Journal of Agriculture 12, no 1 (3 décembre 2014) : 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v12i1.21120.

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Unpredictable changes in the climate can have a significant impact on crop yield in India in general and in particular in the climate vulnerable state of Tamil Nadu. This study evaluates how farmers in the Sothern Zone of Tamil Nadu adapt crop change as a technique to cope with uncertainty in crop yield. Three districts in the Sothern Zone, viz., Virudhunagar, Thoothukudi and Thriunelveli districts were adopted for this study. The sample size was equally distributed with 60 households randomly selected and who actively engage in agriculture. The results derived from the Multinomial Logit Model indicate that older farmers were more likely to choose sorghum, groundnut and less likely to choose maize, fruits and vegetables. Education had positive and significant influence on growing sorghum groundnut and chillies. Fruits and vegetables are more likely to chosen if farmer has large acreage. The climate variables seem to have neutral effect for sorghum and groundnut, hence farmers lend to choose theses crops for price stability. Farmers are most likely to prefer sorghum, cotton, maize and groundnut when income increases from other non-farm sources. When temperature increases by 1oC, farmers more often tend to choose pulses, sorghum, chilli and groundnut. If precipitation increases by 1 cm, farmers choose to cultivate pulses, maize, cotton, fruits and vegetable. Farmers adaptations may vary across agro climatic zones of Tamil Nadu. Hence local government policies and programs in agriculture should have a built in component to address the climate change issues. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v12i1.21120 SAARC J. Agri., 12(1): 139-149 (2014)
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Deryugina, I. V. « Agriculture export policy in India : 2010-2020-ies ». International Trade and Trade Policy 9, no 1 (5 mai 2023) : 176–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2023-1-176-188.

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The increase in exports of agricultural and food products from India to the world market gave an impetus to the author to study the measures of the country's agricultural export policy. The transition to an export-oriented development model announced at the end of the twentieth century led to the development of new approaches to foreign trade policy. Export promotion measures in the field of agriculture were prepared taking into account the peculiarities of agri-cultural production in India and were of a systematic nature. They included: political mecha-nisms, in particular the involvement of state governments; infrastructure and logistical support; economic stimulation of exports, including the creation of special export zones (agricultural clusters), attracting private investment in production and processing. Important attention was paid to the organization of the electronic National Agricultural Market (E-NAM), the digital platform of the Agri Exchange APEDA, the modernization of seaports intended for the export of agricultural goods. The result of the agrarian policy was two points – an increase in the growth rate of agricultural production and an increase in agricultural exports. The volume of exports of agricultural goods has more than tripled over the past decade and a half, and the export basket of these goods has significantly expanded. India has become the world's leading rice exporter, has become one of the world market leaders in exporting such non-traditional goods for the country as fish and aquaculture products, meat, milk and dairy products, and has also retained its traditional cotton and sugar markets.
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Arumugam, Surendran, Ashok K.R., Suren N. Kulshreshtha., Isaac Vellangany et Ramu Govindasamy. « Yield variability in rainfed crops as influenced by climate variables ». International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 7, no 4 (16 novembre 2015) : 442–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-08-2013-0096.

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Purpose – This paper aims to explore the impact of climate change on yields and yield variances in major rainfed crops and measure possible changes in yields under projected climate changes in different agro-climatic zones of Tamil Nadu, India. Although many empirical studies report the influence of climate change on crop yield, only few address the effect on yield variances. Even in such cases, the reported yield variances were obtained through simulation studies rather than from actual observations. In this context, the present study analyzes the impact of climate change on crops yield and yield variance using the observed yields. Design/methodology/approach – The Just-Pope yield function (1978) is used to analyze the impact of climate change on mean yield and variance. The estimated coefficient from Just-Pope yield function and the projected climatic data for the year 2030 are incorporated to capture the projected changes in crop yield and variances. Findings – By the year 2030, the yield of pulses is estimated to decline in all the zones (Northeast, Northwest, Western, Cauvery delta, South and Southern zones), with significant declines in the Northeast zone (6.07 per cent), Cauvery delta zone (3.55 per cent) and South zone (3.54 per cent). Sorghum yield may suffer more in Western zone (2.63 per cent), Southern zone (1.92 per cent) and Northeast zone (1.62 per cent). Moreover, the yield of spiked millet is more likely to decrease in the Southern zone (1.39 per cent), Northeast zone (1.21 per cent) and Cauvery delta zone (0.24 per cent), and the yield of cotton may also decline in the Northeast zone (12.99 per cent), Northwest zone (8.05 per cent) and Western zone (2.10 per cent) of Tamil Nadu, India. Originality/value – The study recommends introducing appropriate crop insurance policies to address possible financial losses to the farmers. Prioritizing area-specific stress-tolerant crop varieties without complementing yield would sustain crops cultivation further.
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Shahana, Firdoz, G. Kiran Reddy, M. Goverdhan et M. Venkata Ramana. « Nutrient Efficient and Productive Cropping Systems for Northern Telangana Zone, India ». International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no 11 (31 octobre 2023) : 1979–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113356.

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The field experiment was carried out during 2018-19 at AICRP on Integrated Farming Systems, Regional Sugarcane and Rice Research Station, Rudrur in vertisols of Northern Telangana Zone, Telangana state, India. The experiment was performed with twelve cropping systems as treatments in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The twelve combinations of cropping systems tested during kharif (June-October) and rabi (November – March) were rice-rice (check), maize-soybean(2:4)-tomato, maize-soybean (2:4) - rice, sunflower-chickpea (2:4), maize - chickpea, Bt cotton-soybean (1:2) on broadbed–sesame-groundnut(2:4), Bt cotton - sesame -blackgram (2:4), soybean-wheat, soybean-sunflower -chickpea (2:4), turmeric-sesame, turmeric-soybean (1:2) on flat bed-bajra and turmeric-soybean (1:2) on broadbed-sesame - blackgram (2:4).Cropping system turmeric-soybean(1:2 ) (on BBF) sesame – blackgram (2:4) recorded productivity in terms of rice equivalent yield of 23413kg ha-1 and production efficiency of 75.53Kg ha-1 day-1followed by sole turmeric-sesame (22597 kg REY ha-1 ) and 72.89Kg ha-1 day-1 and Bt.cotton+soybean (1:2) (on BBF) sesame+groundnut (2:4) (22568kg ha-1) and 75.23 Kg ha-1 day-1 over existing rice-rice (14395 kg REY ha-1 ) and 56.45Kg ha-1 day-1. Higher nutrient uptake was recorded with maize+soybean (2:4)–tomato system with 361.73 kg N ha-1, 114.43 kg P ha-1 and 318.89 kg K ha-1. Hence under nutrient stressed environment and low input management system maize+soybean (2:4) –tomato, can be recommended in comparision to existing rice-rice cropping system in irrigated situations for vertisols of Telangana.
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Latha, K. Naga, D. Srinivasa Chary, Kallakuri Supriya, P. D. Sreekanth et Tadepalli Yamini. « Impact of Mission Kakatiya on Area under Tank Irrigation in Southern Telangana Zone, India ». International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no 11 (13 octobre 2023) : 742–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113221.

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Aim: The study was done with an aim to find out whether there is any shift in major crops in Southern Telangana Zone with respect to area, production and yield due to the restoration of tanks with the Mission Kakatiya program and to study the growth in tank irrigated area. Data Description: Time series data of 15 years from 2005-10 to 2015-20 which consists of area, production and yield of major crops (Paddy, Maize, Cotton and Groundnut) and area under tank irrigation in Southern Telangana Zone were utilized for the study and was collected from Statistical Year Books published by Directorate of Economics and Statistics. Methodology: Analysis was done with the help of analysis platforms like SPSS and Excel using statistical tools which include linear and compound growth rates. Results: Results revealed that there was a considerable and significant growth observed in area under tank irrigation (29.69%) in Southern Telangana Zone after Mission Kakatiya. With the increase in tank irrigated area, this zone showed a shift towards irrigated and commercial crops like Paddy, Cotton and Maize from the rainfed crops. Conclusion: During the period before Mission Kakatiya there was a negative growth observed in tank irrigated area whereas both the growth rates have turned to positive in the period after implementation of Mission Kakatiya. This study concluded that there is a positive impact on crop characteristics in this zone due to Mission Kakatiya program. As a whole Mission Kakatiya is one of the outstanding projects whose achievements are incomparable and is a blessing for the farmers of Telangana State.
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Kumar, Rishi, D. Monga, V. Chinna Babu Naik, Paramjit Singh et V. N. Waghmare. « Incipient Infestations and Threat of Pink Bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) on Bollgard-II Cotton in the Northern Cotton-Growing Zone of India ». Current Science 118, no 9 (10 mai 2020) : 1454. http://dx.doi.org/10.18520/cs/v118/i9/1454-1456.

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Ramalingam, A., M. Gnanasekaran, M. Gunasekaran, P. Amala Balu et K. Thiyagu. « Cotton SVPR 5 (TSH 0250)-A high yielding long staple cotton variety for southern zone of India and winter/summer irrigated tracts of Tamil Nadu ». Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding 8, no 4 (2017) : 1028. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0975-928x.2017.00153.3.

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K. S., Baig. « NHH 250 : A New High Yielding Sucking Pest Tolerant American Cotton Hybrid for Central Zone of India ». International Journal of Pure & ; Applied Bioscience 6, no 2 (30 mai 2018) : 1052–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.6301.

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Chinchane, VN, KS Baig, SB Borgaonkar et AH Rathod. « PA 740 : High yielding, superior fibre quality Desi cotton (Gossypium arboreum) variety for South zone of India ». International Journal of Chemical Studies 8, no 6 (1 novembre 2020) : 1951–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i6ab.11051.

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Ramalingam, A., M. Gnanasekaran, K. Thiyagu et M. Gunasekaran. « Cotton SVPR 6 (TSH 04/115)-A high yielding long staple cotton variety for southern zone of India and winter/summer irrigated tracts of Tamil Nadu ». Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding 9, no 4 (2018) : 1521. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0975-928x.2018.00188.6.

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Bongale, Prof P. G. « GIS Based Multicriteria Decision Analysis of Riverine Flooding : A Case Study of Maharashtra Deluge 2019 ». International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no VII (10 juillet 2021) : 379–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36322.

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Riverine flooding is frequent catastrophic event for Indian subcontinent and prevalent in western ghat region. The south-western monsoonal precipitation escalates the situation to detrimental level in the populous regions along the rivers. The previous studies suggest that the settlements in the vicinity of seasonal rivers are mostly affected during heavy precipitation due to unpredicted event and lack of preventive infrastructure along the bank. Such devastation can be reduced with detailed analysis of river basin and flood recurrence trends. Present study focuses on the flood frequency and settlement patterns in the Krishna River basin of Maharashtra state. The region has cotton soil (clay to loamy dark grey soil) cover, which encourages the agricultural practices. The agriculture being major occupation of the state engaged more than 64% population contributing largely in cotton and cereal production of the country. The discrete pattern of rainfall causes flooding at places, which not only distresses the settlement but also adversely affects the rate of soil erosion resulting elimination of the most fertile layer of surface. The study mainly emphases on the Shirindwad, Kurundwad, Rajapur villages of Shirol taluka of Kolhapur district, where Koyna, Warna, Panchaganga, Tarli, Urmodi, Dudhganga and Hiranyakeshi rivers of Krishna River basin overflowed decade’s water level in August 2019 flooding event. The event put an eternal scar to the inhabitants with pile of flood water over their cotton soil. The devastation of the event would be predicted if spatio-temporal analyses of rainfall and settlement pattern have been done. So, the present study aims to evaluate the impacts of future flooding by the analysis of rainfall pattern and demarcation of settlement clusters under threat. This can be done by scrutinizing ancillary data in GIS (geographical information system) environment with the help of temporal satellite data. The GIS-based multicriteria decision analysis can provide result as demarcation of potential flood risk zones and this can be resourceful for disaster management and town planning practices.
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Ramalingam, A., M. Gnanasekaran, M. Gunasekaran, K. Bharathikumar et K. Thiagu. « Cotton hybrid SVPR 1 (TSHH 0629)-A high yielding long staple intra hirsutum cotton hybrid for southern zone of India and winter/summer irrigated tracts of Tamil Nadu ». Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding 9, no 1 (2018) : 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0975-928x.2018.00030.3.

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Sathyanarayana, N., O. R. Reddy, S. Latha et R. L. Rajak. « Interception of Xanthomonas campestris pv. dieffenbachiae on Anthurium Plants from the Netherlands ». Plant Disease 82, no 2 (février 1998) : 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.2.262a.

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Xanthomonas campestris pv. dieffenbachiae, the causal agent of anthurium bacterial blight, is a major concern of the anthurium industry worldwide. This pathogen has many hosts in the family Araceae (e.g., Anthurium, Dieffenbachia, Syngonium, Aglaonema, Philodendron, Xanthosoma, Caladium, and Colocasia). Most anthurium cultivars are susceptible to bacterial blight, making it very difficult to manage the disease once introduced to a production area. Therefore, sanitation and exclusion of the pathogen through pathogen-free propagative stock are vital aspects of anthurium cultivation. The anthurium industry is expanding in India, and as many new cultivars are being imported, the plant material is subject to thorough quarantine inspection at the port of arrival. During routine inspections on three separate occasions, Anthurium andreanum plants imported from The Netherlands had watersoaked spots at leaf margins bordered by chlorotic or necrotic zones. Xanthomonas-like colonies were isolated from four different cultivars with semiselective media (2). Bacteriological tests confirmed that the cultures were X. campestris. Pathogenicity tests, performed by rubbing leaves with a cotton swab dipped into a suspension of the bacteria (approx. 107 CFU/ml), resulted in production of leafspots in 6 days and early blight symptoms in 10 to 12 days. The bacterium was further identified as X. campestris by carbon source utilization (similarity coefficient = 0.582; Biolog, Hayward, CA). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reaction patterns with a panel of monoclonal antibodies for X. campestris pv. dieffenbachiae designated as Xcd1 (clone 72E-E3-B9-C5, isotype IgG2a), Xcd2 (clone 97-2-1-01, isotype IgM), Xcd3 (clone 72B-F9-B6-E9, isotype IgM), Xcd7 (clone72D-E10-C2-D9, isotype IgM), T1 (clone 92-16, isotype IgM), and T2 (clone 92-59-1-1, isotype IgG) showed that the intercepted strain belong to the serogroup 5 of X. campestris pv. dieffenbachiae (1). This pathogen is not known to occur in India, and there is high probability of risk of introduction through large-scale import of anthurium plants with either visible or latent infections. References: (1) R. L. Lipp et al. Phytopathology 82:677, 1992. (2) D. J. Norman and A. Alvarez. Plant Dis. 73:654, 1989.
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Mandal, Dipak, Paramita Bhowmik et M. L. Chatterjee. « Seasonal influence on cotton mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsisTinsley, Hemiptera : Pseudococcidae) population and correlation with weather parameters in alluvial zone, West Bengal, India ». Research on Crops 15, no 2 (2014) : 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2348-7542.2014.00145.4.

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Prabakaran, S., R. K. Kaleeswari, M. R. Backiyavathy, R. Jagadeeswaran, R. Gangai Selvi et K. Sathiya Bama. « Estimation of soil carbon pools under major cropping systems of Mayiladuthurai district of Cauvery Delta Zone, Tamil Nadu, India ». Journal of Applied and Natural Science 15, no 2 (20 juin 2023) : 802–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i2.4600.

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Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a potential indicator of soil quality and ecosystem sustainability. The present study aimed to evaluate SOC pools under major cropping systems of Mayiladuthurai district of Tamil Nadu. The composite samples were collected from two depths (0-15 and 15-30 cm) by stratified random sampling and were analysed for pH, EC (Electrical conductivity), C fractions, inorganic carbon and permanganate oxidisable carbon by standard procedures. The SOC content under different land use was in the order of Forestry > Rice – pulses > Rice – cotton > Sugarcane > Uncultivated. The mean SOC content of the study area was 12.58 Mg ha-1, where the majority of the area falls under low to medium rating of SOC. Hence, cultivation practices should incorporate activities that increase SOC to maintain soil quality. SOC was positively correlated with fractions of carbon – CVL (r = 0.37**), CL (r = 0.65**) and CLL (r = 0.58**), indicating changes in land use would affect the carbon dynamics of the ecosystem. The root biomass, aeration status, microbial activity, nutrient reserves and inherent soil characteristics influenced SOC to decrease with depth. The PCA analysis revealed that the variation in carbon dynamics of the study area was influenced by SOC, CLC, CLL and non-labile carbon due to differences in land management practices. Therefore, such soil management practices will be a powerful tool to sequester carbon, which supplements climate change mitigation.
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Kumar Singh, Avinash, Jagdish Kumar, Rajeev Kumar, Sudhir Kumar et Sunil Kumar. « Effect of Spacing and Nutrients Management on Growth, Yield, Yield Attributes and Quality Characters in Hirsutum Cotton of Central Plain Zone of U.P. India ». International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 6, no 11 (10 novembre 2017) : 5358–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.611.512.

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Jayaraman, K. S. « India approves GM cotton ». Nature Biotechnology 20, no 5 (mai 2002) : 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0502-415.

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Jayaraman, KS. « India okays Bt cotton ». Nature Biotechnology 18, no 6 (juin 2000) : 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/76346.

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Jayaraman, K. S. « India dawdles over Bt-cotton ». Nature Biotechnology 21, no 6 (juin 2003) : 590–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0603-590b.

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Jayaraman, KS. « India faces GM cotton delay ». Nature Biotechnology 17, no 4 (avril 1999) : 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/7833.

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Jayaraman, KS. « India produces homegrown GM cotton ». Nature Biotechnology 22, no 3 (mars 2004) : 255–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0304-255.

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Djuraev, Anvar, Sardor Sayitkulov, Ozod Rajabov, Javlon Kholmirzaev et Bakhtiyor Haydarov. « Analysis of the impact effect of a piece of cotton with a flat surface with a multi-sided grates slope ». Journal of Physics : Conference Series 2373, no 2 (1 décembre 2022) : 022048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2373/2/022048.

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Abstract In the cotton ginning unit recommended in the article, the impact effects of multi-faceted gutters on flat sloping surfaces of cotton pieces in large waste ginning zones have been theoretically studied and connection graphs have been constructed. The results of the numerical solution of the problem, based on the analysis of the obtained analytical solutions, recommended the appropriate values of system parameters to increase the efficiency of cleaning cotton from large wastes in all three zones of the cleaning unit.
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Jenkins, Rob, Loraine Kennedy, Partha Mukhopadhyay et Kanhu C. Pradhan. « Special Economic Zones in India ». Environment and Urbanization ASIA 6, no 1 (mars 2015) : 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975425315585426.

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Shamshetova, Dilyara Sarsenovna, et N. Khushmatov. « METHODS FOR CALCULATING THE ECONOMIC DAMAGE OF A COTTON CONDUCTED BY PESTS FOR THE VEGETATION PERIOD ». American Journal of Economics and Business Management 2, no 1 (23 avril 2019) : 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31150/ajebm.vol2.iss1.56.

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The authors in this article set forth their judgments on the assessment of the level of danger of pests for the cotton industry and offer a method of economic assessment of the damage inflicted by a cotton bug in the cotton growing season in cotton-growing zones in Uzbekistan.
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S R, DEVEGOWDA, ANKIT YADAV, NAGAVENI M et SAKET KUSHWAHA. « Sowing seeds of prosperity : Uncovering the calculated growth, instability and decomposition of cotton in India ». Journal of Farm Sciences 36, no 03 (10 janvier 2024) : 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.61475/jfs.2023.v36i3.11.

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The present study examines the growth, instability and decomposition of cotton in India. The compound growthrate analysis revealed that the cotton cultivation area in India experienced a compound growth rate of 0.68 per cent, cottonproduction showed a compound growth rate of 3.31 per cent and cotton yield exhibited a compound growth rate of 2.6per cent from 1951 to 2020. The instability analysis using the Cuddy-Della Valle index indicates that cotton production hada coefficient of variation of 42.45 per cent, while cotton yield had a coefficient of variation of 25.83 per cent. Decompositionanalysis further reveals that the contribution of yield effect to cotton production in India ranged from 145.27 per cent inone period to -39.22 per cent in another period. The findings highlight significant growth in cotton area, production, andyield in India, although with some fluctuations and instabilities. Technological advancements were identified as the drivingforce behind the increased cotton production. The study emphasizes the importance of addressing production risks andsuggests policies that focus on improving yield to further enhance cotton production in India.
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Sahay, Arun. « Cotton Plantations in India : The Environmental and Social Challenges ». Yuridika 34, no 3 (23 août 2019) : 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v34i3.14944.

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Cotton, one of the principal cash crops of India, contributes significantly to the country’s economy and foreign exchange earnings. Approximately 60 million people depend on cotton production and related industries for their livelihoods. Although India has the largest cotton plantation area, in terms of yield, it is far behind. Even though cotton occupies only five percent of India’s total cultivable land, approximately 50 percent of pesticides used in India are consumed by the cotton cultivation, causing environmental pollution and health hazard. The use of nitrogen-based fertilizers further increases the problem. Many social issues such as child labor, women labor, extremely small landholdings and unviable livelihoods are associated with cotton plantations. Recently, due to the norms set up by the textile importing countries, these issues have assumed great importance. This article, after giving a brief introduction to the cotton plantation sector in India, will deal with the environmental and social challenges of the cotton plantations.
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BLAISE, DESOUZA, KESHAV KRANTHI, SUJATA SAXENA, MANGAT V. VENUGOPALAN et PUNIT MOHAN. « Productivity and fibre attributes of absorbent Asiatic cotton (Gossypium arboreum) cultivars in rainfed central India ». Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 92, no 3 (29 mars 2022) : 300–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v92i3.122542.

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Asiatic cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.) cultivars, possessing short staple length, superior water holding capacity and high micronaire values are considered fit for manufacturing absorbent cotton. Such cultivars are cultivated in north and northeast India. Field studies were conducted at the experimental farm of the ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, from 2013–14 to 2015–16, to evaluate productivity and fibre properties of Asiatic cotton cultivars from north (race bengalense) and northeast (race cernuum) India vis-à -vis the cultivars of central and south India (race indicum). In 2013, RG8 produced the highest seed cotton yield (1759 kg/ha), but did not differ from Phule Dhanwantary (1599 kg/ha) and BG-II hybrid H6 (1518 kg/ha). Averaged over 2014–15 and 2015–16, AKA8, CNA418, CNA375, CNA423, Phule Dhanwantary and MDLABB (1489 to 1989 kg/ha) gave significantly higher seed cotton yield than BGII hybrid Mallika (953 kg/ha). In general, cultivars from north and northeast India produced less seed cotton yield than those from central and south India. Out of the 13 cultivars, Assam Comilla and Phule Dhanwantary met the Indian Pharmacopoeia standards (fibre length ~20 mm, micronaire >6.5, absorbency and sinking time <10 sec and ash content <0.5%). Cultivation costs were lower for the Asiatic cotton (`49420 per ha) than the BGII hybrid (`62895 per ha). Thus, cultivation of Asiatic absorbent cotton, such as Phule Dhanwantary, could be an alternative option for the rainfed cotton farmers of central India.
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Dai, Yuanshuai, Hui Zhang, Gang Li, Mingfeng Yang et Xin Lv. « Assessing the Impacts of Mulching-Induced Warming Effects on Machine-Picked Cotton Zones ». Atmosphere 15, no 6 (21 mai 2024) : 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15060619.

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The 20th century saw notable fluctuations in global temperatures, which significantly impacted agricultural climate zones across the Earth. Focusing on Xinjiang, China, a leading region in machine-picked cotton production, we identified several key thermal indicators influencing the yield, including the sum of active temperatures ≥ 10 °C, the mean temperature in July, the climatological growing season length, the April–May sum of active temperatures, the last frost day, and the defoliant spray time. Using meteorological data from 58 weather stations in Xinjiang, we examined the spatiotemporal trends of these indicators during the 1981–2020 period. Additionally, we attempted to determine the effects of plastic mulching on the sowing area and the zoning area of machine-picked cotton in different suitable zones based on these indicators. In conclusion, the overall thermal resources in Xinjiang are exhibiting an upward trend and show a distribution pattern of “more in the south of Xinjiang than in the north of Xinjiang, and more in the plains and basins than in the mountains”. Under the plastic-mulching mechanism, the zoning area of the suitable zone has increased by 15.7% (2.15 × 103 km2), suggesting that climate warming and the widespread application of mulching technology provide unexplored potential for the most suitable regions for machine-picked cotton in Xinjiang, while the 14.5% (0.26 × 103 km2) and 7.8% (0.17 × 103 km2) reductions in the unsuitable and less suitable zones, respectively, suggest that the planting areas of machine-picked cotton in both the less suitable and unsuitable zones, particularly with the existing regional planning, continue to demonstrate an irrational expansion. Therefore, to sustain Xinjiang’s cotton industry’s resilience and productivity, policymakers need to prioritize proactive land management and sustainable land allocation practices in response to changing climate patterns to optimize cotton production.
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Deb, Dr, Sukamal. « Ntuma - the Cotton Village of Nagaland, North East India ». Journal of Global Economy 19, no 4 (6 janvier 2024) : 273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v19i4.708.

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India is believed to be the original home of the cotton plant. Cotton occupies about 4.7 per cent of the total cropped area in the country. Cotton is the most important fibre crop of the entire world. It provides the basic raw material to the cotton textile industry. The article is based on the practice of organic cotton cultivation in Nagaland, a tribal State in India. Ntuma, a village in Nagaland, also called Cotton village, this research work is on Ntuma and its contiguous villages. These tribal villages, especially Entuma used to cultivate organic cotton decades back for hundreds of livelihoods. People don’t always think about organic when it comes to the clothes we wear, the sheets we sleep on, the personal care items we depend on, and the mattresses in our bedrooms. But organic cotton is one of the most important choices people can make for the environment, because it supports a healthy ecosystem and prevents the use of toxic synthetic chemicals. A deep dive into the environmental benefits of organic cotton production, the importance of avoiding synthetic chemicals, the role of organic cotton when it comes to climate change mitigation, and the benefits of organic cotton to water and biodiversity is admirable. The craft people everywhere use their hands and soul to make the world a better place. In this context, artisans of Ntuma, it’s contiguous villages in Peren district or for so the entire Nagaland is an example. Years back people of these villages, especially the women, used to cultivate organic cotton and make fabulous tribal textile from that which with the passage of time got eroded. With imagination, and subtle intensity, the weaving of Nagaland pays homage to the indomitable spirit of its creators. May be in a small way organic cotton cultivation and its further value additions may help closing the SDG gap, an appreciation for Tough-To-Decarbonize Industries, accelerating gender parity, youth perspectives, defeating the climate and health nexus and promoting agricultural growth.
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Myat Swe, Mon, Tanthip Eamsa-ard et Teerakiat Kerdcharoen. « Fabrication of polyaniline coated conductive cotton for ammonia gas detection ». MATEC Web of Conferences 192 (2018) : 02036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819202036.

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Nowadays, ammonia becomes major toxic pollutant. The industrial zones, agricultural zones and mining zones are facing this problem all over the world. Ammonia gives irritating strong smell in the environment and it can affect on the health of human with a long exposure time. Moreover, ammonia is also the biomarker which can indicate the health status of human. For these situations, many ammonia gas sensors are produced. In this work, flexible ammonia gas sensor is prepared based on polyaniline through in-situ polymerization process. We developed a wearable smart textile sensor for ammonia gas detection. 100% cotton which does not irritate the wearer was used for this sensor. The polyaniline-cotton composite was characterized by optical microscope, SEM and FTIR spectroscopy. The morphology of the composites reveal PANI was successfully coated on the cotton. The sensitivity of the gas sensors was monitored directly increasing the concentration of ammonia gas. The resistance changes of the sensors can be seen with increasing the concentration. It could also be proved that the sensor is flexible with bending test. In the future, this flexible PANI-cotton composite sensor can be used for ammonia detection in real applications.
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Prasada Rao, G. M. V. « Indian scenario on the occurrence of a dreaded insect pest Pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella on Bt cotton-A review ». Journal of Environmental Biology 43, no 1 (7 janvier 2022) : 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/43/1/mrn-1850.

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The pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella, has become a significant production constraint on Bt cotton in India. This problem is unique to India because the pest has developed multi-fold resistance to Cry toxins in many Indian populations but not in other countries. Most Indian populations have developed multifold resistance to Cry 1 Ac and Cry 1Ac + Cry 2 Ab toxins. Year-round cultivation of long-duration Bt cotton hybrids on a large scale has a pronounced impact on the incidence. Also discussed other factors responsible for the occurrence of pink bollworm on Bt cotton in India. Insecticide Resistance Management (IRM) strategies implemented by different cotton-growing countries globally; the USA, India, and China had a significant impact on the interaction of pink bollworm on Bt cotton. Huge selection pressure resulted in resistance to Cry toxins. Time-tested IPM, if implemented on a community basis focusing on pheromones technology and closed season, will help sustain the cotton cultivation in India in the future. Thus, this review aims to congregate exhaustive information on the history, biology, resistance to Bt cotton, and Integrated Management (IPM) options for the Indian scenario, which would help researchers in their future endeavors.
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Sam, K., D. Kumaraswamy, R. Vijaya Kumari et K. Supriya. « Economic Analysis of High Density Cotton Farming Systems in Telangana ». International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no 12 (12 décembre 2023) : 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i123655.

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This study was taken up in three districts (Adilabad, Warangal and Nagarkurnool) from three different zones of Telangana (Northern, Central and Southern). It evaluated the economic benefit of HDPS cotton by comparing it with non HDPS cotton. For this study, multistage sampling was used. HDPS adopters and non-adopters were equally picked from each zone based on the proportionate level of technology adoption. In order to create a sample size of 180 farmers, a total of 90 HDPS adopters and 90 HDPS non-adopters from three agroclimatic zones of Telangana. Cost of cultivation of HDPS cotton for marginal, small and large farms was found to be ₹ 96,376.74, ₹ 98,607.71 and ₹ 1,00,355.77 and in non HDPS cotton, ₹ 91,229.89, ₹ 93,211.99 and ₹ 95,346.71 for marginal, small and large farms respectively. The cost of cultivation for pooled HDPS and non HDPS farms was ₹ 98,239.49 and ₹ 93,266.07 per hectare respectively. The cost difference between the HDPS and non HDPS cotton was ₹ 4,973.42 per hectare. Among the selected three districts of three zones of Telangana, cost of cultivation of pooled HDPS cotton farmers was high for Nagarkurnool with ₹ 97,802.37 per hectare followed by Adilabad and Warangal (Urban and Rural) with ₹ 96,320.62 and ₹ 96,121.03 per hectare respectively. The gross returns and net returns were more for Adilabad district with ₹ 1,32,452.47 and ₹ 33,231.24 per hectare followed by Nagarkurnool with ₹ 1,28,254.13 and ₹ 31,982.02 and Warangal with ₹ 1,27,452.45 and ₹ 32,252.21 per hectare, respectively. The farm business income for HDPS cotton farms was found to be ₹ 75,857.40 per hectare which is higher than non HDPS farms i.e., ₹ 61,241.23 per hectare. The family labour income of the HDPS farmer was also found to be more for HDPS cotton i.e., ₹ 45,784.11 per hectare compared to the non HDPS cotton farms i.e., ₹ 31,502.68 per hectare. Because of high farm business income, the family investment income was more for HDPS cotton i.e., ₹ 65,665.92 per hectare as compared to the non HDPS cotton i.e., ₹ 53,225.01 per hectare respectively. The average gross returns of HDPS cotton across the State on selected marginal, small and large farms were ₹ 1,17,750.00, ₹ 1,28,587.50 and ₹ 1,38,125.12 per hectare, respectively. Similarly, the net profits for HDPS cotton over cost C2 basis on marginal, small and large farms in the state were ₹ 21,373.26, ₹ 29,979.80 and ₹ 37,769.35 per hectare respectively. Average yield obtained in HDPS cotton farms was 20.25 quintal per hectare and for non HDPS cotton farms it was 17.95 quintal per hectare.
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Gyan, Prince, Hemant Sharma et S. S. Kalamkar. « The Growth and Export Competitiveness of Cotton in India ». Current Agriculture Research Journal 11, no 3 (5 janvier 2024) : 1041–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.11.3.32.

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Cotton production is of paramount importance in India due to its significant impact on various aspects of the country's economy, agriculture, and society. This paper studied the Growth, Instability, and export potentials of cotton in India. This is based on secondary data and data analyzed for three periods viz., Period I (1959-60 to 1978-79), Period II (1979-80 to 1998-99), and period III (1999-00 to 2018-19). The study revealed that the growth of production and productivity of cotton in India increased from periods 1 to 3. The overall period bare that the production growth rate of cotton in India increased significantly by 3.5 percent annually, which is because the productivity rate increased significantly by 2.75 percent per annum, whereas the area also increases significantly at a rate of 0.72 percent annually. The relative contribution of area and price effect was positive with high output growth of cotton due to the development of many policies related to area extension and price policy by the government. The RSCA value in 2012 was -0.02 to -0.08, which would be attributed to an increase in domestic demand and a reduction in ambiguity. The results of RCA revealed that India is leading Agriculture Institutions and state Agriculture Universities should focus on developing as high yielding varieties of cotton for cotton export. The government should also support farmers to increase the export and production of cotton in India.
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Duskulov, A. A., et A. A. Isakov. « To the question of choosing the main parameters of the plowshare of the soil of the loosening working body of the cotton seeder ». IOP Conference Series : Earth and Environmental Science 1076, no 1 (1 août 2022) : 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1076/1/012018.

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Abstract The article highlights the state and a brief analysis of the technology of soil preparation for cotton sowing in the Republic of Uzbekistan. A constructive scheme of a cotton seeder equipped with soil-loosening working bodies is given, designed for strip tillage of the soil in the zones of occurrence of cotton seeds with a given width and depth and at the same time sowing cotton seeds. Materials on the theoretical justification of the parameters of the plowshare of the soil-loosening working body of the cotton seeder are also given.
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42

Vishwanath Gowdru, Nithya. « A Resources use efficiency analysis of Bt and Non Bt cotton farmers in Karnataka, India ». Journal of Global Economy 9, no 3 (3 octobre 2013) : 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v9i3.283.

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Cotton is the major commercial crop amongst all cash crops in India and provides livelihood to more than 60 million people in its cultivation, processing and textile industry. Cotton crop is infested by various pests causing significant yield losses therefore Bt cotton was introduced in India to reduce pesticide consumption and also increase productivity. Since introduction there has been ongoing debate on the superiority and/ or inferiority of Bt cotton over non Bt cotton. Therefore the present study was undertaken to examine the Bt cotton technology on output and efficiency of inputs used in cotton cultivation in Karnataka state of South India during 2007. Primary data was collected from 90 farmers cultivating Bt and non-Bt cotton in Haveri district, Karnataka, India. The Cobb-Douglas production and decomposition analysis techniques were used to estimate the influence of factors and Bt technology on output change. The production function analysis indicated that the co-efficients of expenditure on fertilizers, labour, plant protection chemicals and land were significant in case of Bt cotton cultivation. The result of Resource use efficiency analysis showed that efficient use of labour, fertilizers and seeds had contributed the most to the difference in returns between Bt-cotton and non-Bt cotton cultivation. Contribution of differences in the quantity of inputs used to higher returns from Bt cotton to the measured difference in gross returns between Bt and non-Bt cotton was 56.56 per cent, while that of the efficiency in the use of inputs was 23.83 per cent. Key words: Bt cotton, Resource use efficiency, Decomposition analysis
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A, Ravinder Raju, Majumdar G, Uma B, Pradeep T, Laksman S, Sarma S et Roy A. « Export quality surgical cotton from NE India ». African Journal of Agricultural Research 10, no 29 (16 juillet 2015) : 2841–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajar2013.7570.

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Bhatt, J. D., S. M. Trivedi, N. M. Thaker et K. A. Khunt. « Export Dynamics of Raw Cotton in India ». International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 9, no 5 (10 mai 2020) : 3319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.905.395.

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45

Jackson, Geoff. « Organic Cotton Farming in Kutch, Gujarat, India ». Outlooks on Pest Management 19, no 1 (1 février 2008) : 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/19feb02.

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46

Gujar, Govind T. « Will Bt cotton remain effective in India ? » Nature Biotechnology 23, no 8 (août 2005) : 927–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0805-927.

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Jayaraman, K. S. « Illegal Bt cotton in India haunts regulators ». Nature Biotechnology 19, no 12 (décembre 2001) : 1090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt1201-1090.

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Kranthi, Keshav R. « Bollworm resistance to Bt cotton in India ». Nature Biotechnology 23, no 12 (décembre 2005) : 1476–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt1205-1476.

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Jayaraman, K. S. « India blocks sale of transgenic cotton seeds ». Nature 411, no 6841 (juin 2001) : 983. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35082729.

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Chandrasekaran, M., et Bhavani Sridharan. « Productivity Trends in Cotton Industry in India ». Indian Economic Journal 41, no 2 (décembre 1993) : 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019466219930206.

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