Thèses : « Cost analysi »

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HUSSAIN, RADI RADI MOHAMMED ABDUL. « Structural construction and economic benefits for precast concrete high-rise housing buildings ». Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242978.

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La tecnologia di prefabbricazione in calcestruzzo armato è considerata una delle soluzioni costruttive di maggior competitività per la realizzazione di edifici ad uso residenziale che usa supportare gli altri sistemi costruttivi. Gli aspetti di produzione a catena degli elementi costruttivi e delle tecniche di messa in opera degli stessi rendono tale tecnologia diversa e molto più appetibile rispetto alle soluzioni tradizionali in calcestruzzo gettato in opera. L’obiettivo di questa tesi è investigare le possibilità e le capacità dei sistemi strutturali prefabbricati in termini di performance sismica e costi di realizzazione, al fine di assicurare l’impiego ottimale di tale tecnologia per risolvere l’emergenza abitativa che affligge il Medio Oriente e le aree esposte a calamità naturali e guerre. Questo lavoro si articola in una prima indagine delle tipologie strutturali presenti nel mercato, svolta prendendo in esame applicazioni pratiche e progetti di edilizia abitativa, per poi valutare la performance sismica e gli aspetti di natura economica delle soluzioni strutturali competitive, scelte sulla base delle loro caratteristiche peculiari, delle regole e dei vincoli che le caratterizzano. I sistemi che si sono rivelati maggiormente impiegati per efficacia tecnica ed economicita' sono stati analizzati in maniera piu' approfondita scegliendo opportuni casi studio. Le analisi statiche non lineari si sono rivelate strumenti utili per la valutazione della perfomance sismica e quindi, insieme alla stima dei costi, per il confronto delle soluzioni strutturali. Dal confronto tra i vari sistemi studiati è emerso che i sistemi prefabbricati rappresentano una soluzione sismicamente efficiente ed economicamente conveniente anche per la realizzazione di edifici alti. Inoltre, i risultati mettono in luce come le soluzioni prefabbricate rappresentano una valida alternativa non solo nelle aree non sismiche, ma anche in quelle ad elevata sismicità.
Precast concrete technology is considered one of the greatest importance systems in multifamily housing buildings. The concept of manufacturing, production and construction makes this technology different from cast in place concrete and often more interesting and befitting. The objective of this thesis is to investigate the possibilities and capabilities of the precast concrete technology in terms of structural performance and construction cost of high-rise housing buildings, to ensure the optimal use of this technology to solve the housing crisis in the Middle East and the areas affected by natural disasters and wars. The study includes a review of the most widely systems used in this field such as the precast concrete frame systems and large panel system, which therefore have been studied intensively by considering real cases. The practical applications and experiences of housing projects and real case studies, additional to the codes, are considered the important parts of this thesis. Comparison between precast concrete systems are conducted to find out the suitable system; the comparison depends on the characteristics, rules and constraints for each system. In order to compare different precast structural housing systems for a number of case studies, the seismic performance and the construction costs are assumed as criteria for the assessment and selection of the system. The seismic performance is obtained with push-over non linear analyses, whereas the construction cost is estimated to total cost for each case study; the results obtained for various case studies are then compared. Precast concrete frame structural systems represent a suitable solution for the high rise housing buildings in terms of seismic performance and construction cost. Furthermore, the results showed that this system is a good economic alternative for the structural buildings not only in the non-seismic or low seismic areas but also in high seismicity areas.

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RICCI, ORNELLA. « Bancassurance in Europe : what are the efficiency gains ? » Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/1015.

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Nel corso degli ultimi venti anni, l’industria dei servizi finanziari ha mostrato una forte tendenza all’integrazione e al consolidamento: in Europa il fenomeno della bancassicurazione ha conosciuto un particolare successo, sollecitando l’interesse del mondo accademico e professionale. Come sottolineato da Chen et al. (2008), la maggior parte degli studi sulla bancassicurazione presenta carattere descrittivo e analizza in modo qualitativo i vantaggi e gli svantaggi per le imprese finanziarie coinvolte. Le poche verifiche empiriche dei benefici derivanti dalla bancassicurazione risultano concentrate sulla riduzione del rischio ottenibile grazie alla combinazione di due attività non perfettamente correlate fra loro. I benefici in termini di efficienza, derivanti da sinergie di costo e di ricavo, rimangono invece un tema poco esplorato, nonostante le economie di scopo sia uno dei più validi motivi economici per la diversificazione delle banche nel settore assicurativo. L’obiettivo della tesi è quindi quello di valutare se le iniziative di bancassicurazione consentano la realizzazione di economie di costo e di ricavo, sia dal punto di vista delle banche che delle compagnie di assicurazione. I risultati dell’analisi di frontiera condotta nel settore bancario forniscono solo deboli evidenze a favore della bancassicurazione. L’analisi del settore assicurativo mostra come la vendita di polizze vita tramite sportelli bancari sia una valida strategia distributiva, pur evidenziando come i prodotti a elevato contenuto finanziario, caratteristici della bancassicurazione, siano meno onerosi da gestire, ma anche meno profittevoli, soprattutto nelle fasi di mercato meno euforiche. Il mix di prodotti, quindi, deve essere continuamente rivisto per rispondere ai mutamenti nelle esigenze della clientela e nell’andamento dei mercati finanziari. Alla luce di tali considerazioni, le banche dovrebbero scegliere attentamente il proprio modello di bancassicurazione, considerando anche le alternative più flessibili, come la sigla di accordi di distribuzione o di alleanze strategiche non equity.
During the last 20 years, financial services industry has experimented a general trend of integration and consolidation: in Europe the combination between the banking and the insurance activities, named “bancassurance”, has become particularly successful, catching the attention of managers and academia. As outlined in Chen et al. (2008), most studies dealing with bancassurance have only been descriptive in nature, providing a broad insight into economic rationales, advantages and drawbacks for all the institutions involved. Only few authors have provided quantitative findings, focussing on the potential risk diversification benefits associated with bank expansion into the insurance industry, while potential efficiency gains are still a poorly investigated issue, even if cost and revenue synergies are commonly recognised as the most valid economic rationale. The aim of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the phenomenon assessing if bancassurance results in efficiency gains from both the banking and the insurance sides. Results from the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) on the banking side show only weak evidence in favour of entering the life business. Investigating the insurance side, we find that the competitive viability of bancassurance as a distribution channel is relevant and consolidated, especially from the cost side, while insurance products with an high financial content appear less profitable than traditional protection insurance. As a consequence the mix of products should be continuously revised in the light of customers’ needs and financial markets evolution; then banks should carefully choose the most convenient bancassurance model, considering also the alternative of flexible and reversible forms of cooperation, such as cross selling agreements and non equity financial alliances.

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Asif, Mohammad. « Simple generic models for cost-significant estimating of construction project costs ». Thesis, University of Dundee, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.330103.

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Yang, Shih-Hsien. « Effectivess of Using Geotextiles in Flexible Pavements : Life-Cycle Cost Analysis ». Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31442.

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Using geotextiles in secondary roads to stabilize weak subgrades has been a well accepted practice over the past thirty years. However, from an economical point of view, a complete life cycle cost analysis (LCCA), which includes not only costs to agencies but also costs to users, is urgently needed to assess the benefits of using geotextile in secondary road flexible pavement. In this study, a comprehensive life cycle cost analysis framework was developed and used to quantify the initial and the future cost of 25 representative design alternatives. A 50 year analysis cycle was used to compute the cost-effectiveness ratio for the design methods. Four flexible pavement design features were selected to test the degree of influence of the frameâ s variables. The analysis evaluated these variables and examined their impact on the results. The study concludes that the cost effectiveness ratio from the two design methods shows that the lowest cost-effectiveness ratio using Al-Qadiâ s design method is 1.7 and the highest is 3.2. The average is 2.6. For Perkinsâ design method, the lowest value is 1.01 and the highest value is 5.7. The average is 2.1. The study also shows when user costs are considered, the greater TBR value may not result in the most effective life-cycle cost. Hence, for an optimum secondary road flexible pavement design with geotextile incorporated in the system, a life cycle cost analysis that includes user cost must be performed.
Master of Science

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Berry, Max. « Virtual reality simulations and interventional radiology / ». Göteborg : Department. of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/3188.

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Vigren, Andreas. « Costs in Swedish Public Transport : An analysis of cost drivers and cost efficiency in public transport contracts ». Licentiate thesis, Transportekonomi, TEK, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-174378.

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During the last seven years, the total cost for Swedish public transport provision has increased by over 30 percent in real terms according to figures from the government agency Transport Analysis. A similar pattern is found if considering a longer time span. Part of the cost increase can be attributed to an increased supply, and part is due to price increases on input factors that are measured by an industry index produced by the public transport industry. The fact that about half of the costs in Swedish public transport are covered by public funds calls for responsibility in how these funds are used, and this means that information about cost drivers and cost efficiency is necessary. The lack of information about these factors in the Swedish public transport sector is the main motivation for the two papers included in this thesis. In this cover essay, the developments over the last decades in Swedish public transport are described, and there is a focus on the last ten years with the Doubling Project and the market in 2012. As mentioned, the costs as a whole, as well as per unit costs such as cost per vehicle kilometer, have increased in real terms since 2007. Even though parts of the cost increase can be attributed to an increased supply or the price of input factors, this development might be problematic for at least two reasons. First, the ambition of the industry to double the number of travelers by the year 2020 seems to have resulted in a supply increase around year 2010 and a similar increase in the number of boardings. However, the cost per vehicle kilometer and cost per boarding have both increased since then, which can bring into question whether the supply increases have been made at the right places and to the proper extent to have the desired effect on travel. Second, it is not clear whether a price increase for input factors can be viewed as an ``acceptable'' explanation for the cost increase. To the extent that the Public Transport Authority (PTA) or operator can affect the price of input factors such as buses (detailed or environmental requirements, etc.) or labor (demands on take-over of previous staff), an endogenous relationship is possible, which could disguise these potentially cost-driving factors as general price increases. At the end of this essay, a discussion about the lack of publicly available data highlights the non-compliance with EU regulations related to this. More data resources, perhaps with open access, would enable more comparisons between contractual forms, PTAs, and operators, which would provide examples of good and poor solutions and concepts in the industry and would have the potential to ensure better use of public funds. Below is a summary over the two paper included in this licentiate thesis. Papper I - “Costs for Swedish Public Transport Authorities” - uses contract-level data for the year 2012 and econometric methodology to investigate how contract factors affect costs for bus contracts. A theoretical framework is established to show some of the cost mechanisms that are at work in the two most popular contractual forms in Sweden, and the paper provides some insights into what results to expect from the empirical analysis. The most important results from the econometric analysis are that higher population density and a contract being operated by a publicly owned (municipal or county council) operator are both associated with having higher costs. Also, no statistically significant differences could be found when using incentive payments in the contracts. Papper II - “Cost Efficiency in Swedish Public Transport” -has a similar perspective as Paper I, but it uses stochastic frontier analysis to focus on cost efficiency and differences across PTAs. Data for the year 2013 are used, along with other data sources, to derive a cost frontier from which some of the deviations from this can be attributed to cost inefficiencies. The results are similar to those of Paper I, namely that cost efficiency is lower in high-density areas and in contracts that are directly awarded to a publicly owned operator. When comparing the cost efficiency of the PTAs (or counties), most exhibit small differences. The difference between the 1st and 15th-ranked county is only about 8 percent. The difference is somewhat larger when turning to the third and second least efficient counties of Stockholm and Skåne. The least efficient county of Västmanland is about 30 less cost efficient than the 1st-ranked county.
De senaste sju åren har de totala kostnaderna för att bedriva kollektivtrafik i Sverige ökat med över 30 procent i reala termer enligt siffror från myndigheten Trafikanalys. Jämförs en längre tidsperiod hittas samma mönster. En del av kostnadsökningen kan förklaras med ett ökat utbud under perioden, och en del med ökade priser på insatsfaktorer vilket kan mätas med ett prisindex sammansatt av kollektivtrafikbranschen. Det faktum att ungefär hälften av kollektivtrafikens kostnader täcks av offentliga medel ställer krav på ett ansvarsfullt utnyttjande, vilket i sin tur kräver information om hur kostnader och kostnadseffektivitet påverkas. Dylik information är begränsad för svensk kollektivtrafik, vilket är den huvudsakliga motiveringen till de två papperen i denna uppsats. I den tillhörande kappan beskrivs de senaste decenniernas utveckling i den svenska kollektivtrafiken, med ett större fokus på de senaste tio åren med branschens fördubblingsprojekt samt marknadsöppningen år 2012. Som nämndes tidigare har kostnaderna som helhet, samt olika typer av styckkostnader såsom kostnad per körd utbudskilometer, ökat i reala termer sedan 2007. Även om delar av kostnadsökningarna kan attribueras till ett ökat utbud eller prisökningar i insatsfaktorer kan utvecklingen ändå vara problematisk av åtminstone två anledningar. För det första verkar branschens ambition att fördubbla resandet till år 2020 ha gett en utbudsökning under åren kring 2010, och en resandeökning något år senare. Vad som är tydligt är dock att både kostnaden per utbudskilometer och passagerare ökat. I ljuset av detta blir det tveksamt om utbudsökningarna skett på rätt ställen. För det andra är det oklart om en prisökning i insatsfaktorerna kan ses som ”acceptabla” anledningar till branschens kostnadsökning. I den mån kollektivtrafikmyndigheter och/eller operatörer kan påverka priset på insatsfaktorer såsom bussar (särkrav, miljökrav etc.) eller personal (personalövertagande etc.) riskerar man ett endogent samband vilket gör att dessa, potentiellt kostnadsdrivande, faktorer lätt kan sorteras bort som allmänna prisökningar. I slutet av kappan förs även en diskussion om den bristande tillgången på offentlig data i svensk kollektivtrafik, och att kollektivtrafikmyndigheterna inte följer uppsatta EU förordningar relaterat till detta. Ett större utbud av data, och helst ett öppet sådant, skulle möjliggöra för mer jämförelser mellan kontrakt, utförare och kollektivtrafikmyndigheter, vilket i förlängningen tydligare skulle kunna påvisa bra och dåliga exempel i branschen och bidra ett bättre resursutnyttjande av skattemedel. Nedan följer en sammanfattning av de två papper som ingår i licentiatuppsatsen. Papper I, “Costs for Swedish Public Transport Authorities”, använder data från år 2012 på kontraktsnivå för att med ekonometriska metoder analysera hur olika kontraktsfaktorer påverkar kostnaderna i busskontrakt. Analysen utgår från en teoretisk modell visar på kostnadsmekanismer i de två vanligaste kontraktstyperna, och som ger några insikter om vilka resultat som kan förväntas från den empiriska analysen. De viktigaste resultaten från den ekonometriska analysen är att kostnaderna är högre om kontraktet körs i ett område med hög befolkningstäthet, eller om operatören av ett kontrakt har en offentlig ägare (kommun eller landsting). Incitamentsersättning till operatören kan inte påvisas ha en statistiskt signifikant påverkan på kostnaderna. Papper II, “Cost Efficiency in Swedish Public Transport” , har en liknande utgångspunkt som Papper I, men använder stokastisk frontanalys för att fokusera på kostnadseffektivitet och skillnader i denna mellan kollektivtrafikmyndigheter. Data från år 2013 används tillsammans med ett antal andra datakällor för att ta fram en kostnadsfront, där vissa avvikelser från denna attribueras som kostnadsineffektivitet. Resultaten påminner om de i Papper I, nämligen att kostnadseffektiviteten är lägre i tätbefolkade områden, samt i kontrakt som direkttilldelas en offentligt ägd operatör. En jämförelse av kollektivtrafikmyndigheternas (länens) kostnadseffektivitet visar att de flesta län inte skiljer sig åt. Skillnaden mellan den mest effektiva och 15e mest effektiva länet är ca 8 procent. Skillnaden är något större till Stockholms och Skåne län, som har tredje respektive näst lägsta kostnadseffektivitet, samt det sist placerade länet, Västmanland, som är cirka 30 procent mer ineffektiv än det bäst placerade.

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Costa, Nadège. « Analyse médico-économique de différentes stratégies de prévention dans les maladies neurodégénératives : application à la maladie d’Alzheimer et à la maladie de Parkinson ». Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10308.

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Dans le contexte actuel de croissance des dépenses de santé, l'évaluation médico-économique peut constituer une aide à la prise de décision dans le processus d'allocation des ressources dans le domaine de la santé. Les maladies neurodégénératives (MNDs) sont des pathologies lourdes et coûteuses, pour lesquelles aucun traitement curatif n'est à ce jour disponible. La prévention peut constituer un axe de prise en charge de ces pathologies. Elle pourrait permettre de retarder l'évolution de la maladie et des complications liées à celles-ci ou à leurs traitements. Dans le cadre des MNDs, l'évaluation médico-économique peut aider à faire des choix afin d'apporter aux patients des soins de qualité dans un contexte de ressources contraintes. Cette thèse avait pour objectif de décrire et d'analyser les caractéristiques méthodologiques des études estimant le coût des MNDs, en portant une attention particulière aux coûts informels. Nos travaux ont mis en évidence une variation importante des caractéristiques méthodologiques d'une étude à l'autre. Un effort supplémentaire doit être réalisé par la communauté scientifique dans le domaine de la validation méthodologique. Cette thèse visait également à évaluer les conséquences médicales et économiques de stratégies de prévention dans la maladie d'Alzheimer (MA) et dans la maladie de Parkinson (MP). Les résultats observés concernaient la mise en œuvre d'un programme de prévention orientée dans la MA (i.e. intervention multidomaine) et d'un programme de prévention ciblée (i.e. éducation thérapeutique) dans le MP. Ils confirment la nécessité de réaliser des études portant sur des programmes de prévention sur des horizons temporels conséquents
In the current context of the growth of healthcare expenditures, health economics can help decision making in the process of resources allocation in the field of health. Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) are huge and costly diseases for which no cure is available to date. Prevention can be an axis of care of theses pathologies. It could help delay the disease progression or complications linked to these ones or to its treatments. In the frame of NDs, health economics can help to make choices in order to provide quality of healthcare to patients in the context of constraint resources. This thesis aimed to describe and analyze methodological characteristics of studies which assessed NDs costs, paying particular intention to informal costs. Our works revealed significant variations of methodological characteristics of a study to another. An additional effort must be performed by the scientific community in the field of methodological validation. This thesis also aimed to assess medical and economic consequences of prevention strategies in Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD). The observed results concerned the implementation of a directed prevention program in AD (I.e. multidomain intervention) and of a targeted prevention program in PD (i.e. therapeutic education). They confirmed the need to implement studies on prevention program on substantial time horizons

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Dodson-Pringle, Angela Jackson. « A Comparison of the Cost Analysis of Three Years of Special Education Costs in Danville, Virginia ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29822.

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Since the enactment in 1975 of the Education of All Handicapped Children Act (P.L. 94-142), now renamed the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA), the cost of special education services has grown substantially in both absolute and relative terms (Duenas 1993). As a result, the issues such as the actual cost of special education services and the relationship of special education financing to regular education funding have become increasingly important to local, state and federal policymakers. The need for cost analysis in special education has become more important as the competition with other governmental agencies for available funds becomes more acute. As a social service, education in general and special education in particular must compete for dollars with highways, sanitation, and other services (Ysseldyke 1992). This study contributes to the need for in depth analysis of special education costs. The cost analysis method replicated in this study, called the Moche Cost Analysis of Public Education or CAPE Model, provided greater accuracy and flexibility than prior methods. The CAPE Model was used to examine and compare costs of regular elementary education, regular secondary education, elementary special education, and secondary special education. Special education costs also were compared across disability categories and service delivery environments. CAPE can be adapted easily to identify expenditures by building level and programs other than special education. CAPE calculations were completed using the LOTUS spreadsheet program.
Ed. D.

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Palomino, Alejandro, et Jesse C. Epp. « An Analysis of Aviation Maintenance Operations and Supporting Costs, and Cost Capturing Systems ». Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27885.

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The United States Navy has a number of entities that work together to ensure aircraft in the Navy are supplied with the parts and materials required to maintain mission readiness. An analysis of the operating and support system costs will characterize cost variance across Organizational, Intermediate and Depot level maintenance. We will examine both labor and material cost for both reparable and consumable items, and categorize those costs by type of maintenance action. This analysis is intended to help in the development of a cost model which could aid in both budget planning and execution.

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Kavaliauskienė, Liubov. « Analysis of the cost-effectiveness and costs rationalization of antidepressants consumption in Lithuania ». Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130222_153819-30983.

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In recent years, there has been much debate regarding the rationality of consumption and cost effectiveness of antidepressants. The economic aspects of treating depression are becoming more frequently evaluated as newer antidepressants become available and as healthcare entities attempt to address increasing costs. The aim of the research. To investigate and assess the possibilities of a more rational use of the public and private funds of the Lithuanian population in the cases of medicament depression treatment. The tasks of the research: 1. To perform a comparative analysis of the antidepressant consumption in the years 2004 to 2009 in Lithuania. 2. To evaluate depression diagnosis and treatment effectiveness and depression diagnosis dynamics in Lithuania from 2004 to 2009. 3. To perform antidepressant cost analysis from 2004 to 2009 in Lithuania. 4. To perform the cost-effectiveness analysis of depression treatment and propose the possible ways for costs rationalization. Scientific novelty of the research. For the first time, depression relapse rate was used as a medicament depression treatment effectiveness evaluation indicator in assessing the rationality of the costs of treatment with antidepressants. The survey data can be used in practice when dealing with antidepressants consumption and the improvement of the effectiveness of evaluation and reimbursement systems in Lithuania.
Pastaraisiais metais kyla daug diskusijų dėl antidepresantų panaudojimo racionalumo bei sąnaudų efektyvumo. Rinkoje atsirandant naujiems antidepresantams vis dažniau analizuojami ekonominiai depresijos gydymo aspektai, o sveikatos priežiūros sektoriaus valdymo institucijos bando spręsti išlaidų didėjimo problemą. Darbo tikslas. Ištirti ir įvertinti galimybes racionaliau naudoti viešąsias ir privačias Lietuvos gyventojų lėšas vaistams, skiriamiems medikamentiniam depresijos atvejų gydymui. Darbo uždaviniai. 1. Atlikti lyginamąją antidepresantų sunaudojimo 2004–2009 m. Lietuvoje analizę. 2. Įvertinti depresijos diagnozavimo ir gydymo efektyvumą bei depresijos diagnozavimo dinamiką Lietuvoje 2004–2009 m. 3. Atlikti išlaidų antidepresantams per 2004–2009 m. Lietuvoje analizę. 4. Atlikti depresijos gydymo sąnaudų efektyvumo analizę ir pateikti galimus išlaidų racionalizavimo būdus. Darbo mokslinis naujumas ir praktinė reikšmė. Vertinant gydymo antidepresantais išlaidų racionalumą, pirmą kartą kaip medikamentinio depresijos atvejų efektyvaus gydymo vertinimo indikatorius buvo panaudotas depresijos pasikartojimo rodiklis. Tyrimo rezultatai gali būti naudojami praktikoje, nagrinėjant antidepresantų panaudojimą, sąnaudų efektyvumo vertinimą ir kompensavimo sistemos tobulinimą Lietuvoje.

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Lindberg, Gunnar. « Valuation and pricing of traffic safety / ». Örebro : Universitetsbiblioteket : Örebro University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-787.

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Hunt, William H. « Enhancing the value of value engineering ». Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24079.

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Stanislaw, Andrew C. « A cost benefit analysis for the bicycle as a transportation alternative ». Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1020173.

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Cost benefit analysis is the conventional method of evaluating automobile transportation improvements. This study examined traditional automobile evaluation methods and applied the same techniques to bicycle transportation projects. Cost data from recent research is summarized and eleven costs (five internal and six external) were estimated. The cost estimates are used to calculate automobile and bicycle costs per mile of travel. A case study of a hypothetical corridor is used to demonstrate how the transportation costs can be applied to specific planning problems. The case study explores what effect shifts in modal distribution would have on the cost effectiveness of automobile and bicycle alternatives. The findings of the study begin to question the underlying premises of traditional cost benefit analysis in transportation projects. The study suggests that conventional analysis is fundamentally flawed and biased toward automobile transportation.
Department of Urban Planning

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Meadows, Thomas A. « Analysis of F/A-18 engine maintenance costs using the Boeing Dependability Cost Model ». Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1994. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA289983.

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Rivera, Allen. « Cost benefit analysis of integrated cots energy-related technologies for Army's force provider module ». Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Sep/09Sep%5FRivera.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2009.
Thesis Advisor(s): Nussbaum, Dan. "September 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 5, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Net Zero Plus, Expeditionary Force Provider Kit, Fully Burdened Cost of Fuel, National Training Center, U.S. Army Soldier Systems Center Natick, Joint Capability Technology Demonstration. Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-72). Also available in print.

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Zagler, Martin, et Ulrike Mühlberger. « The European Employment Price Index : Implementation and Feasibility in Austria ». Austrian Statistical Society, 1998. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5640/1/538%2D1529%2D1%2DSM.pdf.

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The study, on which this paper is based upon, has analyzed the implementation and feasibility of the European Employment Price Index (EEPI) in Austria. The European Employment Price Index is a Laspeyres measure of the change in the demand-transaction price of the standardized unit of labor. We find that it is feasible to construct the index with the available company data with an approximate lag length of five month. Most data were easily accessible within firms, with the exception of severance payments, company pensions, and hypothetical costs. Only 228 observations are required to obtain an aggregate EEPI for Austria within +/- one percentage point at the 95 % significance level, whilst some 4800 observations are necessary for disaggregate series, enormously increasing costs of provision.

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Berrum, Svennung Ingela. « Carcinoma of the urinary bladder : aspects of treatment, costs and follow-up routines / ». Göteborg : Göteborg University, Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/7536.

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Vanhook, Patricia M. « Cost-Utility Analysis/Cost Effectiveness of Nursing Care ». Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7432.

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Carlsén, Richard, et Marcus Ejder. « Cost Drivers in the Photovoltaic Solar Industry : An Analysis of the Potential for Reducing Costs ». Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-58790.

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The demand for energy is increasing at an incredibly fast rate globally. Electricalenergy, supplied through interconnected grids is a major constituent of this demand. The electricity market, today, however, finds itself in a state of flux. Rising costs forconventional non-renewables accompanied with a growing awareness for theenvironment and the detrimental effects of our reliance on fossil fuels is leading to aparadigm shift in energy policy for governments, businesses and the public alike. Thereis now a growing desire to make clean, sustainable and renewable energy sources alarger part of our generation capacity. Solar photovoltaic (PV) power, throughcrystalline silicon (c-Si) technology, fulfills this list of criteria. In order to make solarPV a larger part of our electricity generation stack, however, it needs to be made moreaffordable and price competitive. There is therefore a strong incentive for the PVindustry to reduce its costs. This report seeks to identify the major cost drivers for the c-Si solar photovoltaicindustry and to determine potential avenues for future cost reductions. An analysis ofthe conceivable magnitude of these cost reductions is also undertaken for the short term(2010-2015). The fundamental cost structure of a c-Si photovoltaic system is dividedinto the solar module (actual solar cell technology) and the so-called balance of systems(BOS) components, which are the additional electrical components and supportstructures required. The costs are reduced primarily through technological innovation,such as increasing solar cell efficiency, economies of scale benefits and throughavenues that optimize productions processes. Increases in solar efficiency are found torepresent the largest individual benefactor on costs, as it increases the amount of energygenerated electricity for the same size solar cell. Segmenting the cost drivers into thevarious phases of the production value chain is useful. The following chart representsforecasted cost reductions for each of the five production phases (polysilicon refining,ingot/wafer processing, cell manufacture, module assembly and balance of systemsinstallation). The total cost for a PV system is forecast to move from $3.65/W in 2010to $2.94/W in 2015. This reflects a cost reduction of 19.5% in five years. Furthermore,it can be deduced from this chart that the largest cost cuts will stem from reductions inthe module cost (77.5%), whereas only 22.5% of total cost reductions comes from theBOS component. (To see the chart, se attached pdf)
Den globala efterfrågan för energi ökar i en snabb takt. Elektricitet, av den typ somlevereras via vårt elnät, är en viktig komponent av denna efterfrågan. Elmarknadenbefinner sig dock i ett utdraget förändringstillstånd idag. Ökade kostnader förkonventionella, oförnybara energikällor i kombination med växande medvetenhet omnegativa miljöeffekter leder mot ett paradigmskifte i energipolitiken för regeringar,företag och allmänhet att följa. Det växer fram en önskan om att göra rena ochförnybara energikällor till en större del av vårt samhälle. Solceller, via den kristallinakiselteknologin (c-Si), uppfyller samtliga dessa kriterier. För att göra solceller till enstörre del av vår elproduktion måste dessa dock bli mer prismässigt konkurrenskraftiga. Det finns därför ett starkt incitament för industrin att minska sina kostnader och tadenna chans. Denna rapport identifierar de största kostnadsdrivarna för den kristallina kiselteknologinoch söker vägar för framtida kostnadsminskningar inom dessa. En analys avkostnadsminskningarna presenteras även för nästkommande fem år (2010-2015), somuppdelas efter den grundläggande kostnadsstrukturen i teknologin. Denna är delvismodulkostnaden, vilket är kostnaden för att tillverka själva solcellen, och arbetet eftertillverkningen (såsom arbete, underhåll, ytterligare elektriska komponenter osv). Kostnaderna reduceras här främst genom tekniska innovationer, som att ökaeffektiviteten i solcellen, stordriftsfördelar och genom att optimeraproduktionsprocesserna. Ökningar i effektivitet konstaterades här vara den störstaenskilda kostnadsdrivaren, då den ökar mängden genererad elektricitet för en vissbestämd cellstorlek. Följande tabell representerar den prognostiserade kostnadsminskningen för fem olikaproduktionsfaser (råmaterial, ingot/wafer, cell, modul och efterarbete). Den totalakostnaden för ett solcellssystem förväntas minska från $3.65/W under 2010 till $2.94/Wår 2015. Detta speglar en kostnadsminskning på 19.5% under fem år. Vidare kan manutläsa ur tabellen att den största kostnadsnedskärningen blir resultatet av minskningar imodulkostnaden, dvs. 77.5%, medans endast 22.5% kommer från efterarbetet. (För att se tabellen, se bifogad pdf)

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Seristö, Hannu. « Airline performance and costs : an analysis of performance measurement and cost reduction in major airlines / ». Helsinki, 1995. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/257484760.pdf.

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Sellers, Charles L. « Cost analysis of inter-depot transportation options for U.S. Navy east coast air-launched missiles ». Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/8158.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
Since the disintegration of the Warsaw Pact and the Soviet Union, the Department of the Navy has had to learn how to meet its commitments with an ever-decreasing budget. One Navy community addressing this downsizing is the east coast ordnance community. Because of restructuring and the closure of weapon station Charleston, South Carolina, the remaining east coast weapons stations are handling the same amount of ordnance with fewer personnel. As a result of the restructuring, the aircraft carriers, ordnance ships, and large deck amphibious ships conduct ordnance transfers at Naval Weapon Station (NWS) Earle, New Jersey. These ships all carry air-launched missiles that have to be maintained and Naval Weapons Station Yorktown. This thesis develops cost equations associated with several different methods of transportation (commercial and Department of Defense). These equations are used to generate costs curves for each of four types of missiles being transported between NWS Earle and NWS Yorktown. The curves are analyzed and decision policies are determined which ensure the most cost-effective method of transportation is being used to transport the missiles.

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Damli, Tolga. « Cost benefit analysis of establishing a network-based training system in the Turkish Coast Guard ». Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Dec/09Dec%5FDamli.pdf.

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Thesis (Master of Business Administration)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009.
Thesis Advisor(s): Brinkley, Douglas E. ; Doerr, Kenneth H. ; Hatch, William D. "December 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 27, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Network-based training, web-based training, E-learning, CBT, training deliver methods, cost benefit analysis, sensitivity analysis, online training, coast guard training, shipboard training. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-85). Also available in print.

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Retali, Gérald-Réparate. « Essai sur l'évaluation économique de l'e-santé ». Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1G046/document.

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Les nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication constituent des outils utiles pour améliorer le système de santé. Les décisions relatives à leur mise en œuvre ainsi qu'à leur utilisation doivent être basées sur des observations solides pour évaluer les impacts sur les soins et la santé. L'utilisation difficile des méthodes d'évaluation économique est due à la multidimensionnalité de l'évaluation des implémentations de télémédecine. En effet, pour évaluer l'impact de l'introduction de la télémédecine, il est nécessaire de prendre en compte les indicateurs divers identifiées dans la littérature. En outre, ils doivent être considérés par rapport à tous les acteurs impliqués dans le processus de décision. Dans ce contexte, l'aide multicritère à la décision peut fournir des informations supplémentaires sur l'évaluation de la télémédecine. L'objectif de cette thèse est de présenter une méthodologie d'évaluation multicritère impliquant de multiples décideurs pour la mise en place d'unité de dialyse médicalisée avec télémédecine (UDMT). Pour prendre une décision, le directeur de l'hôpital souhaite prendre en compte, à côté des indicateurs mentionnés ci-dessus, les préférences des médecins et des patients. Pour expliciter ces préférences, nous suggérons de considérer que les patients et les médecins sont des décideurs qui exprime un classement des différentes modalités de soins qui sont évaluées sur plusieurs critères. Nous sommes face à une situation impliquant plusieurs juges qui recouvrent une multiplicité de points de vue. Pour résoudre ce problème, nous utilisons des techniques à la fois de la théorie du choix social et de l'aide multicritère à la décision. D'abord, nous proposons d'agréger les classements individuels des patients sur les différentes modalités de soins, ce classement est ensuite utilisé dans la phase d'élicitation des préférences des médecins. Les classements individuels de ces derniers sont ensuite agrégées dans un classement des médecins qui est ensuite combiné avec celui de patients et d'autres critères économiques pour déterminer les préférences du directeur d'hôpital sur les modalités de soins. Cette méthodologie est appliquée à la mise en œuvre d'unités de dialyse médicalisées en Bretagne, sur la base des préférences de patients, médecins et directeur de l'hôpital. Les préférences de tous les acteurs de ce processus de décision sont représentables par des modèles d'utilité additives. L'alternative préférée parmi les patients et les médecins est l'UDMT. Le critère qui a le plus d'impact sur la décision des patients (resp. Les médecins) est la distance de l'unité de dialyse (resp. La satisfaction des patients). Enfin, l'analyse montre que les critères les plus importants pour le directeur de l'hôpital sont la satisfaction des médecins et des patients. Ce travail montre qu'il est important de tenir compte de l'hétérogénéité et de la multiplicité des points de vue et des acteurs dans l'évaluation
The new information and communication technologies represent useful tools for improving the health system. Decisions on their implementation and use must be based on solid observations to assess their impacts on care and health. The difficult use of classical economic evaluation methods is due to the multidimensionality of the assessment of telemedicine implementations. Indeed, to evaluate the impact of the introduction of telemedicine, it is necessary to take into account various indicators identified in the literature, as cost, accessibility, acceptability and quality. Furthermore, they need to be considered with respect to all the stakeholders involved in the decision process. In this context, decision support theories provide additional insight into the evaluation of telemedicine. The objective of this thesis is to present a multicriteria evaluation methodology involving multiple decision makers for the establishment of remotely monitored medical dialysis (RMMD) solutions. To reach a decision, the hospital director wishes to take into account, next to the above mentionned indicators, the preferences of the physicians and the dialysis patients. In order to explicit these preferences, we suggest to consider that the patients and the physicians are decision makers which have to express a ranking of care modalities evaluated on multiple criteria. We thus face a situation involving multiple judges which overlay a multiplicity of viewpoints. To solve this problem, we use techniques both from social choice theory and multicriteria decision analysis. First we propose to agregate the individual rankings of the patients on the potential multicriteria care modalities into a patient-wide order, which is then used in the multicriteria preference elicitation phasis of the physicians. The individual rankings of the latter ones is then aggregated into a physician-wide ranking which is then combined with the patients' one and further economical criteria to elicit the hospital director's preferences on the care modalities. This methodology is applied to the implementation of medical dialysis units in Brittany (France), on basis of the preferences of 16 patients, 8 physicians and 1 hospital director. The preferences of all the stakeholders of this decision process are representable by additive value models. The preferred alternative among the patients and the physicians is the medical dialysis unit with remote monitoring. The criterion which has the highest impact on the patients' (resp. physicians') decision is the distance to the dialysis unit (resp. the patients' satisfaction). Finally, the analysis shows that the most important criteria for the hospital director are the physicians' and the patients' satisfaction. This work shows that it is important to consider the heterogeneity and the multiplicity of viewpoints and actors in the evaluation of the implementation of RMMD solutions via multicriteria decision support techniques

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Andrš, Jiří. « Analýza a řízení nákladů ». Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-113591.

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This master's thesis deals with the cost planning and cost control in construction company specializing mainly in road construction works. The theoretical part concerns first with the description of cost planning process and its specifics in analysed company. The objective of cost control is then to carry out the variance analysis by selected performances and to give further recommendations for adjusting of standards of direct costs, based on achieved results from undertaken analysis. The last part deals with the design of appropriate method for cost control procedure, based on the Pareto principle and setting of tolerance intervals for cost amount. Excess of these intervals requires additional control of these costs and explanation of reasons, why this increased variance exists.

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Maroun, Rana. « Analyse comparative coût et efficacité des traitements du cancer du rein métastatique : analyse à partir des données de vie réelleet des données d’essais ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS012/document.

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Les thérapies ciblées ont permis d’augmenter la survie des patients souffrant de cancers et d’améliorer leur qualité de vie, avec un coût de traitement plus élevé que pour les chimiothérapies conventionnelles. L’Évaluation Médico-Économique (EME) repose le plus souvent sur des modèles mathématiques qui nécessitent l’utilisation de données cliniques, économiques et de qualité de vie. De manière générale, l’EME utilise des données collectées dans les essais cliniques, la littérature et à dires d’experts. Cependant, il est de plus en plus difficile de disposer d’un essai comparant le traitement A au traitement B (comparaison directe (CD)). De ce fait, les EME utilisent de plus en plus des données issues de comparaisons indirectes (CI). Par ailleurs, les différences entre la population des essais et celle traitée en vie réelle, peuvent rendre difficile l’extrapolation des résultats des essais à la population traitée en vie réelle. Les modèles médico-économiques sont sensibles aux paramètres utilisés ainsi qu’aux méthodes employées pour les estimer. Ainsi, l’efficience en vie réelle peut différer de l’efficience estimée à partir des données d’essais. De même, l’utilisation de données issues de CI vs celle issues de CD peut avoir un impact sur les résultats d’efficience. Cette thèse avait pour objectif d’évaluer l’impact des différentes sources de données (CD, CI et données collectées en vie réelle) sur les résultats d’efficience. Et ce, à travers une étude de cas qui est l’EME de pazopanib vs sunitinib dans le traitement de 1re ligne du Cancer du Rein Métastatique (CRM). Pour répondre aux objectifs de la thèse, nous avons utilisé un modèle partitionné de survie et avons analysé les résultats issus de trois scenarii différents, scénario : CD, CI, et vie réelle. Pour dériver les paramètres du modèle, nous avons réalisé trois analyses rétrospectives de bases de données. Pour les scenarii basés sur les données de CD et données de CI, les coûts étaient collectés à partir de sources de données multiples (PMSI, Oncology Analyzer et la litterature) et les données d’efficacité étaient collectées respectivement à partir d’un essai clinique et d’une CI comparant pazopanib à sunitinib. Pour le scénario vie réelle les coûts et les données de survie étaient collectées à partir du DCIR. Les données d’utilité utilisées étaient identiques pour les trois scenarii. Les résultats du scénario CD montrent que pazopanib est plus efficace et moins coûteux que sunitinib. En revanche, les résultats des scenarii CI et vie réelle montrent que pazopanib était plus efficace et plus coûteux que sunitinib. Bien que les résultats de ces deux derniers scenarii aboutissent à la même conclusion, il y a une grande variabilité sur le Ratio Différentiel Coût Résultat (RDCR) pouvant aboutir, selon la disposition à payer, à des décisions différentes. Les analyses de sensibilité montrent que les résultats étaient sensibles aux données d’utilité mais également aux données de coûts utilisées. La thèse met en évidence une grande disparité des résultats du fait des données disponibles pour mesurer l’efficience en vie réelle ou à partir des essais (CD, CI). Nous constatons qu’une faible variation de l’estimation des données de survie a un impact important sur les données d’efficience. Par ailleurs, afin de réduire l’incertitude autour des résultats d’efficience, des travaux préliminaires relatifs à l’harmonisation des méthodes pour estimer les données de coûts à partir du DCIR doivent être réalisés. Pour finir, quel que soit le scénario étudié, nous avons constaté une grande incertitude autour des paramètres utilisés et en conséquence autour des résultats d’efficience. Il serait donc important de modéliser la valeur de l’information afin de déterminer les études à mettre en place pour réduire l’incertitude autour des résultats d’efficience
Targeted therapies have improved the survival of patients suffering from cancer. However, due to the introduction of new targeted therapies, treatment costs have rapidly increased. In this context, Economic Evaluation (EE) proposes a set of tools in healthcare decision making. EE is usually based on decision modeling that requires a set of clinical, economical and quality of life data. These data are often collected in randomized controlled clinical trials also called Direct Comparisons (DC), in the literature and on the basis of experts’ opinions. Yet, it is not always possible to conduct a clinical trial that directly compares treatment A to treatment B. Therefore, the use in EE of statistical techniques that uses results from separate clinical trials to compare the efficacy between treatment A and B is increasing. One of these techniques is called Indirect Comparisons (IC). Differences in patients’ characteristics between the population in the trial and the one treated in practice, makes it difficult to extrapolate the results of clinical trials to the population treated in real life. Moreover, analytic decision models are often sensitive to clinical, quality of life and costing parameters. Hence, real life cost-effectiveness may differ from the cost-effectiveness based on clinical trials data. In addition, the use of indirect comparisons in decision analytic modeling may yield different results from the use of data collected in head to head trials. The objective of this thesis was to evaluate the impact of using different data sources (DC, IC and real life data) on the results of a decision analytic model. To attain our objectives, the effectiveness of pazopanib versus sunitinib in first line treatment of patients with metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (mRCC) was used as a case study. To evaluate the impact of different data sources on the cost-effectiveness results, we used a partioned survival model and compared the results of three different scenarios: direct comparison, indirect comparison and real life. In order to derive the parameters used in the model, we conducted three retrospective database analyses. For DC and IC scenarios, cost data were collected using multiple data sources (PMSI, Oncology Analyzer and the literature) and clinical data were collected respectively in a clinical trial and from an indirect comparison comparing pazopanib to sunitinib. Costs and survival data used in the real life scenario were collected in the DCIR. Similar utility values were used for the three scenarios. In the DC scenario, pazopanib was found to be more effective and less costly than sunitinib. However, for both IC and real life scenarios, pazopanib was found to be more effective and costlier than sunitinib. Even though both scenarios found pazopanib more effective and costlier than sunitinib, there is an important variability on the Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) that may lead to different decisions according to the willingness to pay. Sensitivity analyses showed that the results were sensitive to utility and cost data. This thesis highlighted the disparity of the cost-effectiveness results based on clinical trial data (CD and IC) and those estimated using real life data. We observed that a small variation in survival data estimates has a significant impact on the cost-effectiveness results. In order to reduce uncertainty around real life cost-effectiveness, a preliminary work on harmonizing the methods used to estimate cost data from the DCIR must be performed. Furthermore, no matter the scenario studied, we observed a great uncertainty regarding the cost-effectiveness of pazopanib versus sunitinib in first line treatment of mRCC patients. Hence the importance of modeling the value of information to identify the studies that should be implemented in order to reduce the uncertainty around the cost-effectiveness results

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Gavin, Victor S. « Evaluation of cost estimating methods for military software application in a COTS environment ». Master's thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02232010-020031/.

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Baker, John T. « Completion cost trend analysis ». Thesis, Lafayette, IN. Purdue University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/37571.

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Oscarson, Nils. « Health economic evaluation methods for decision-making in preventive dentistry ». Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Public Health and Clinical Medicine, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-687.

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Mitchell, Zane Windsor Jr. « A Statistical Analysis Of Construction Equipment Repair Costs Using Field Data & ; The Cumulative Cost Model ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30468.

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The management of heavy construction equipment is a difficult task. Equipment managers are often called upon to make complex economic decisions involving the machines in their charge. These decisions include those concerning acquisitions, maintenance, repairs, rebuilds, replacements, and retirements. The equipment manager must also be able to forecast internal rental rates for their machinery. Repair and maintenance expenditures can have significant impacts on these economic decisions and forecasts. The purpose of this research was to identify a regression model that can adequately represent repair costs in terms of machine age in cumulative hours of use. The study was conducted using field data on 270 heavy construction machines from four different companies. Nineteen different linear and transformed non-linear models were evaluated. A second-order polynomial expression was selected as the best. It was demonstrated how this expression could be incorporated in the Cumulative Cost Model developed by Vorster where it can be used to identify optimum economic decisions. It was also demonstrated how equipment managers could form their own regression equations using standard spreadsheet and database software.
Ph. D.

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Trtílek, Tomáš. « Náklady a jejich vliv na řízení firmy ». Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-222534.

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The diploma thesis deals with cost analysis, determination of cost functions, cost evaluation and creation of proper model of solution. It compares theoretical knowledge with reality in society, specifies possibilities of their changes and techniques used to optimize costs. The analyzed company – ABB s.r.o.

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Björkdahl, Ann. « Stroke rehabilitation : a randomized controlled study in the home setting : functioning and costs / ». Göteborg : Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology/Rehabilitation Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/2555.

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Maalej, Kammoun Maroua. « Low-cost memory analyses for efficient compilers ». Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1167/document.

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La rapidité, la consommation énergétique et l'efficacité des systèmes logiciels et matériels sont devenues les préoccupations majeures de la communauté informatique de nos jours. Gérer de manière correcte et efficace les problématiques mémoire est essentiel pour le développement des programmes de grande tailles sur des architectures de plus en plus complexes. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse contribue aux domaines de l'analyse mémoire et de la compilation tant sur les aspects théoriques que sur les aspects pratiques et expérimentaux. Outre l'étude approfondie de l'état de l'art des analyses mémoire et des différentes limitations qu'elles montrent, notre contribution réside dans la conception et l'évaluation de nouvelles analyses qui remédient au manque de précision des techniques publiées et implémentées. Nous nous sommes principalement attachés à améliorer l'analyse de pointeurs appartenant à une même structure de données, afin de lever une des limitations majeures des compilateurs actuels. Nous développons nos analyses dans le cadre général de l'interprétation abstraite « non dense ». Ce choix est motivé par les aspects de correction et d'efficacité : deux critères requis pour une intégration facile dans un compilateur. La première analyse que nous concevons est basée sur l'analyse d'intervalles des variables entières ; elle utilise le fait que deux pointeurs définis à l'aide d'un même pointeur de base n'aliasent pas si les valeurs possibles des décalages sont disjointes. La seconde analyse que nous développons est inspirée du domaine abstrait des Pentagones ; elle génère des relations d'ordre strict entre des paires de pointeurs comparables. Enfin, nous combinons et enrichissons les deux analyses précédentes dans un cadre plus général. Ces analyses ont été implémentées dans le compilateur LLVM. Nous expérimentons et évaluons leurs performances, et les comparons aux implémentations disponibles selon deux métriques : le nombre de paires de pointeurs pour lesquelles nous inférons le non-aliasing et les optimisations rendues possibles par nos analyses
This thesis was motivated by the emergence of massively parallel processing and supercomputingthat tend to make computer programming extremely performing. Speedup, the power consump-tion, and the efficiency of both software and hardware are nowadays the main concerns of theinformation systems community. Handling memory in a correct and efficient way is a step towardless complex and more performing programs and architectures. This thesis falls into this contextand contributes to memory analysis and compilation fields in both theoretical and experimentalaspects.Besides the deep study of the current state-of-the-art of memory analyses and their limitations,our theoretical results stand in designing new algorithms to recover part of the imprecisionthat published techniques still show. Among the present limitations, we focus our research onthe pointer arithmetic to disambiguate pointers within the same data structure. We develop ouranalyses in the abstract interpretation framework. The key idea behind this choice is correctness,and scalability: two requisite criteria for analyses to be embedded to the compiler construction.The first alias analysis we design is based on the range lattice of integer variables. Given a pair ofpointers defined from a common base pointer, they are disjoint if their offsets cannot have valuesthat intersect at runtime. The second pointer analysis we develop is inspired from the Pentagonabstract domain. We conclude that two pointers do not alias whenever we are able to build astrict relation between them, valid at program points where the two variables are simultaneouslyalive. In a third algorithm we design, we combine both the first and second analysis, and enhancethem with a coarse grained but efficient analysis to deal with non related pointers.We implement these analyses on top of the LLVM compiler. We experiment and evaluate theirperformance based on two metrics: the number of disambiguated pairs of pointers compared tocommon analyses of the compiler, and the optimizations further enabled thanks to the extraprecision they introduce

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Perera, Attanayake A. D. A. J. « Cost effective designs ». Thesis, Loughborough University, 1989. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7085.

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Different cost effective design methods have been developed to reduce the cost of buildings, of which structural optimum design methods and cost effective designs methods using estimating data, are the most common. However, there is no record of the use of cost effective design methods in practice. Consequently, potential benefits of such methods remain untapped. This research evaluated the cost savings through cost effective design methods, identified difficulties involved in their use and examined favourable conditions for the implementation of such methods in design practice. The research aimed at investigating whether or not the opinion among practising designers, (structural engineers and architects) that "cost benefits through cost effective designs are insignificant and methods are not practical" is justified. Previous researchers have developed cost effective design methods, but very little has been done to change the opinion of building designers regarding these methods. A proper evaluation of cost effective design methods and a study of the design process are therefore necessary to gain the attention of designers in practice. The opinion among practising designers is that cost savings through optimum methods are less than 10% of elemental cost and 1% of total building cost. The analysis of cost savings of 22 historical buildings have shown that this is not the case. Optimum design methods using the computer to find the minimum cost from a set of feasible designs were developed for reinforced concrete elements; slabs, beams, columns and independent footing foundations. These optimum methods were applied to the design of 22 historical buildings. More than 10% of elemental cost savings were observed. 2.91% of total building cost can be saved using optimum methods for design of reinforced concrete elements, which is more than 45% of the total design fee of a building. The study proved that for a given building, probabilities of total building cost saving exceeding 1%, 2% and 3% are 0.96, 0.79 and 0.47 respectively. Design and build contracts provide not only a facility but also an incentive, to designers to use cost effective design methods. On the contrary, percentage fee contracts act as a disincentive. Therefore, the legal procedures in design practice, may sometimes serve as obstacles for the use of cost effective design methods. Furthermore, current design practice lacks motivating factors to designers to use cost effective design methods. Therefore building construction industry may need to pay additional fee to get benefits from cost effective design methods.

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Von, Dach Elodie. « Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) : Prevention and fight against this pathogen ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS090/document.

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Le Staphylocoque aureus (S. aureus) est une bactérie pouvant causer des infections d’origine communautaire ou hospitalière. En plus des personnes pouvant être infectées par S. aureus, de nombreux individus environ 20-25% parmi les adultes en bonne santé, portent ce pathogène sur leurs corps (ils sont dits "colonisés"). Bien qu’asymptomatique et souvent bénigne, la colonisation à S. aureus peut rarement impliquer un risque d’infection secondaire grave mais représente un risque d’être transmise à une tierce personne. A l’hôpital, le risque d’infection et de transmission apparaît comme étant particulièrement haut pour la souche de S. aureus résistante à la méticilline (SARM). La prévention et la lutte contre le SARM est un problème de santé publique important. Les Nation Unis se sont récemment engagés dans cette lutte en créant le"Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance". Ce travail de thèse traite de trois différentes études dans la cadre de la prévention et du contrôle de ce pathogène
Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium that can cause blood infections that can have a community or hospital origin. Among people infected with S.aureus, about 20-25% is healthy adults that carry the pathogen on their bodies, without suffering any symptom (they are said "colonized"). Although asymptomatic and often benign, colonization with S. aureus involves a risk of secondary infection and represents a serious risk of transmission to a third party. In hospitals, the risk of infection and transmission appears to be unusually high for methicillinresistant S. aureus (MRSA) and complications can be very severe. Prevention and the fight against MRSA is a major public health concern. The United Nations recently engaged in this struggle by creating the "Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance". This work is about three different studies in the prevention and control of this pathogen

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Sennfält, Karin. « Economic studies of health technology changes in prostate cancer care / ». Linköping : Center for Medical Technology Assessment, Department of Healt and Society, Linköping University, 2005. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2005/med889s.pdf.

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Björkman, Martin. « Cost analysis of robot families ». Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Maskinkonstruktion, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-65387.

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During the last decades, the production enterprises have gone through a strong global change in terms of shorter product life cycles, fluctuations in the order income and increased demand of customized products. Basically, a company needs to develop appealing products in terms of cost and quality that are brought to the market in timely manner. As many studies show that over 70% of the total life cycle cost of a product is determined at the early design stage, this thesis work are focused on analyzing how the total cost of robot families can be affected in the early design stage through changing the component commonality level. More specifically, a cost estimation model in excel has been built to see how the total costs of robot family IRB 6640 are affected when choosing different gears for joints one, two and three. Also, a more general analysis has been done where it is investigated how ABB can take benefit of a product configuration system integrated with a robot platform and cost estimation model.The result of this study shows that the traditional opinion on “higher commonality means lower costs” is not applicable in all cases. For instance, considering the commonality of gears within a robot family, the optimal solution out of a cost perspective do no longer exists at the highest commonality possible but at a slightly lower commonality level, lying between 0,7<CI<0,9 using the measurement commonality index (CI). This is because the gears tend to be over dimensioned, and thereby more expensive for certain joints when commonality increases. The analysis also shows that fix and variable costs are not linear to each other, which complicates the situation when trying to describe the change of total costs with one commonality index. Consequently, two different commonality indices are needed: CI to describe the fix costs and CIC (component part commonality index) to describe the variable costs.

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Rajamohan, Venkatramani. « Highway cost-benefit analysis system ». Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=781.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 152 p. : ill. (some col.) Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 110-113).

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Myers, Lorena. « Performance bond cost-effectiveness analysis ». [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0041335.

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Icyk, Bryan. « At What Cost ? A comparative evaluation of the social costs of selected electricity generation alternatives in Ontario ». Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/2899.

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This thesis examines the private and external costs of electricity generated in Ontario by natural gas, wind, refurbished nuclear and new nuclear power. The purpose of the assessment is to determine a capacity expansion plan that meets the forecasted electricity supply gap in Ontario at the lowest social costs (i. e. the lowest aggregated private and external costs). A levelized unit electricity cost (LUEC) analysis is employed to evaluate private costs under both public and merchant perspectives. Computable external costs are monetized by adapting estimates from the literature that were previously developed using a primarily bottom-up damage cost method.

The findings reveal that social cost estimates for nuclear refurbishment are the lowest of the generation alternatives studied regardless of the evaluation perspective. Therefore, if the capacity expansion decision were based solely on these estimates, nuclear refurbishment should be utilized until its capacity constraints are reached. The generation alternative with the second lowest social costs depends on the perspective from which private costs are evaluated: from a public perspective, the remainder of the supply gap should be filled by new nuclear generation and from a merchant perspective, which is assumed to be more reflective of the current Ontario electricity market, natural gas-fired generation should be used.

Due to inherent uncertainty and limitations associated with the estimation of social costs, the estimates obtained in this thesis are considered to be context and data specific. A sensitivity analysis, which is employed to attempt to mitigate some of the uncertainty, shows that changes to key variables alter the capacity expansion plan. This reinforces the observation that methods and assumptions significantly affect social cost estimates.

Despite the limitations of this kind of evaluation, it is argued that a social cost assessment that is consistent, transparent and comprehensive can be a useful tool to assess the trade-offs of electricity generation alternatives if used along with existing evaluation criteria. Such an assessment can increase the likelihood that actual social costs are minimized, which can steer electricity generation in Ontario towards a system that is more efficient and sustainable.

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Dekker, Kaely. « The Dollars and Cents of Driving and Cycling : Calculating the Full Costs of Transportation in Calgary, Canada ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-296031.

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Many cities across the globe are working to facilitate cycling as a sustainable transportation mode through changes to public policy and investments in infrastructure. Examining the costs and benefits of both driving and cycling using the cost benefit analysis (CBA) framework developed in Copenhagen provides an opportunity to identify private and social costs associated with these modes of transport with respect to environmental, social, and economic impacts. This paper outlines the methods used to calculate the per-kilometre costs of driving and cycling in Calgary, Canada, utilizing real-world data and methods from Canadian and global best-practice with the Copenhagen CBA framework as a guide. Transportation costs were calculated for travel time, vehicle ownership, health, collisions, air pollution, climate change, noise, roadway degradation, congestion, and winter maintenance for both driving and cycling. When the costs borne by both individuals and society are calculated for Calgary (in 2015 Canadian dollars) driving costs $0.83 per kilometre and cycling costs $0.08 per kilometre. When the social costs of transport are isolated, the cost of driving one kilometre is $0.10, while cycling one kilometre generates a net social benefit of $0.35. The results of this research show that the Copenhagen CBA framework can be applied in jurisdictions outside Denmark to calculate environmental, social, and economic costs of driving and cycling.

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Soriton, Franky Obron Novijanes Sukhontha Kongsin. « Unit cost analysis of a Primary Care Unit in Thailand fiscal year 2004 : a case study of Ban Mai, Ayutthaya Province / ». Abstract, 2005. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2548/cd375/4737947.pdf.

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Franklin, Brandi E. « Stepped care for smoking cessation a cost-effectiveness analysis and simulation of future outcomes / ». View the abstract Download the full-text PDF version, 2009. http://etd.uthsc.edu/ABSTRACTS/2009-041-Franklin-index.htm.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2009.
Title from title page screen (viewed on March 9, 2010). Research advisor: Robert C. Klesges, PhD. Document formatted into pages (ix, 86 p. : ill.). Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 74-85).

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Lux, Michael P., Achim Wöckel, Agnes Benedict, Stefan Buchholz, Noémi Kreif, Nadia Harbeck, Rolf Kreienberg et al. « Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Anastrozole versus Tamoxifen in Adjuvant Therapy for Early-Stage Breast Cancer – a Health-Economic Analysis Based on the 100-Month Analysis of the ATAC Trial and the German Health System ». Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-134902.

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Background: In the ‘Arimidex’, Tamoxifen Alone or in Combination (ATAC) trial, the aromatase inhibitor (AI) anastrozole had a ignificantly better efficacy and safety profile than tamoxifen as initial adjuvant therapy for hormone receptor-positive (HR+) early breast cancer (EBC) in postmenopausal patients. To compare the combined long-term clinical and economic benefits, we carried out a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) of anastrozole versus tamoxifen based on the data of the 100- month analysis of the ATAC trial from the perspective of the German public health insurance. Patients and Methods: A Markov model with a 25-year time horizon was developed using the 100-month analysis of the ATAC trial as well as data obtained from published literature and expert opinion. Results: Adjuvant treatment of EBC with anastrozole achieved an additional 0.32 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained per patient compared with tamoxifen, at an additional cost of D 6819 per patient. Thus, the incremental cost effectiveness of anastrozole versus tamoxifen at 25 years was D 21,069 ($ 30,717) per QALY gained. Conclusions: This is the first CEA of an AI that is based on extended follow-up data, taking into account the carryover effect of anastrozole, which maintains the efficacy benefits beyond therapy completion after 5 years. Adjuvant treatment with anastrozole for postmenopausal women with HR+ EBC is a cost-effective alternative to tamoxifen
Hintergrund: Bei der adjuvanten Therapie von postmenopausalen Patientinnen mit Hormonrezeptor-positivem (HR+) Mammakarzinom belegen die ATAC-100-Monatsdaten (ATAC-Studie: ‘Arimidex’, Tamoxifen Alone or in Combination) einen signifikanten Vorteil von Anastrozol gegenüber Tamoxifen in Bezug auf Rezidivrisiko und Verträglichkeit. Es wurde eine Kosten-Nutzwert-Analyse von Anastrozol im Vergleich zu Tamoxifen aus der Sicht des deutschen Gesundheitssystems durchgeführt. Material und Methoden: Als Berechnungsbasis wurde ein Markov- Modell zur Abschätzung der Kosteneffektivität entwickelt. Der Modellierungszeitraum umfasste 25 Jahre. Die Daten wurden anhand der ATAC-100-Monatsdaten, vorliegender Literatur und durch ein interdisziplinäres Expertenteam ermittelt. Ergebnisse: Eine adjuvante Therapie mit Anastrozol erzielte 0,32 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) pro Patientin mehr, verglichen mit einer adjuvanten Tamoxifentherapie. Die zusätzlichen Kosten der Therapie mit Anastrozol lagen bei 6819 D pro Patientin. Im Vergleich mit Tamoxifen erzielte Anastrozol einen ICER (Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio) von 21 069 D (30 717 $)/QALY über den gesamten Modellierungszeitraum. Schlussfolgerung: Diese Kosten- Nutzwert-Analyse eines Aromatasehemmers basiert erstmals auf einer Datenanalyse, die auch das Follow-Up und den sogenannten Carryover- Effekt nach einer abgeschlossenen 5-Jahres-Therapie beinhaltet. Anastrozol ist auch nach dieser Analyse aus der Sicht des deutschen Gesundheitssystems eine kosteneffektive Therapieoption für postmenopausale Patientinnen mit einem HR+ frühen Mammakarzinom
Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich

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Trevino, Cantu Hector. « Life-Cycle Cost Analysis for Offshore Wind Farms:Reliability and Maintenance.O&M Cost Drivers Analysis ». Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för kultur, energi och miljö, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-217018.

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Operations and maintenance (O&M) activities represent a significant share of the expenses during the lifetime of offshore wind farms. When compared to onshore wind farms, O&M costs are increased for the offshore case, as specialized vessels, weather windows and rough conditions mean more failures, downtime (decreasing availability), spare parts, and man-hours.This study comprises an analysis of the available O&M data from a selected offshore wind farm. The results and conclusions from this investigation could then be used to evaluate possible reliability improvements and compare options for the maintenance strategies, as well as to ponder the convenience of warranty periods and O&M agreements between wind farm operators and wind turbine manufacturers or O&M service providers.The life-cycle cost (LCC) concept is utilized in the analysis of the wind farm survey for this thesis. LCC analysis could be the starting point to make decisions regarding specific wind turbine models, as selecting the turbines with the lowest initial cost may not be necessarily the scenario which also costs the least amount of money when taking into consideration the whole life cycle. It may also be a great tool to forecast future operational incomes and expenses of offshore wind farms.

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Lam, Yan-yan, et 林欣欣. « Algorithms for the minimum cost flow problem ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30246052.

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Kalibatas, Vytenis. « Evaluating Hospital Costs in Kaunas Medical University Hospital ». Thesis, Nordic School of Public Health NHV, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:norden:org:diva-3289.

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The purpose of the study is to evaluate hospital costs in Kaunas Medical University Hospital (KMUH). KMUH is the largest hospital in Lithuania, having 1995 in-patient beds, 26 specialised in-patient departments, 5130 employees, and providing wide range of in-patient services. Methods. Methods, used in the study include assessment of inputs and outputs, evaluation of average cost per case, estimation of cost structure, estimation of case-mix dimensions in in-patient departments and clinical categories and assessment of impact of case-mix dimensions to cost per case, using multiple regressionanalysis. Cross-sectional study designwas used in the study, evaluating mainly cases and expenses of all 26 specialised in-patient departments of KMUH per year 2002. Five cost groups have been used and defined inmonetary terms in each in-patient department: labour costs; medication costs; laboratory, radiology and anaesthesiology costs; running costs of medical equipment supply andother costs (including in-patients’ mealcosts, transportation, laundry, communication, etc. costs). Case was defined as one treatment episode in particular in-patient department. Cases were analysed using following case-mix dimensions: sex, age, absenceor presence of surgical operation, patient separation status and in-patientservice group. Results. Average costs per case vary widely among in-patient departments, ranging from 126.01 Litas (36.52 Euro) to 3451.68 Litas (999.73 Euro) per case.During the study average cost per case were also estimated in clinical profiles – surgery – 1161.0 Litas (336.24 Euro), therapy – 1312.15 Litas (380.02 Euro),obstetrics and gynaecology –685.82 Litas (198.62 Euro), newborn and child care – 893.54 Litas (258.78 Euro) and intensive care – 1292.92 Litas (374.45 Euro). Using multiple regression analysis method, costper case ineach in-patient department and clinical category according case-mix dimensions were predicted. In all in-patient departments predicted values of average costs per case according case-mix dimensions, comparing with actual values, did not differ so much. Positive contributions to predictedvalue of cost per case, shows only one variable – IA in-patient service group. In any predicted case contributions of independent variables have notbeen observedas significant (p>0.05). Conclusions. Inputs (measured in the number of beds) and outputs (measured in the number of in-patientcases and the number of bed-days) are different across in-patient departments, as well as outputs (measured inthe number of treatment episodes according to case-mix dimensions). The average costs per case vary widely across in-patient departments and clinical categories. The analysis of the structure of average costs per case demonstrated striking differences in in-patient departments. In all in-patient departments the predicted values of the average costs per case according to case-mix dimensions, do not differ so much comparing with theactual observed costs per case. Positive contributions to the predicted value of the cost per case, shows only onevariable – IA in-patient service group. The results of the study have proved the evidence that clinical casestreated within the same in-patient department of the hospital are not similar. The results of studyhave showedthe failure of use of “in-patient service groups” as proxy of International Disease Classification due to numberof reasons

ISBN 91-7997-101-6

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McDonald, Joseph R. « An analysis of CG-47 Cruiser class operating and support costs trends and cost relationship with platform age ». Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5707.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
S cost data in this thesis yielded results that differed from the 2002 IDA report, and showed a statistically significant relationship between platform age and maintenance costs. This analysis is intended to aid in future naval leadership decisions on how best to achieve the desired force structure of the fleet. Conclusions drawn from this thesis will contribute relevant cost prediction insight that could greatly impact future decisions between extending the life of active surface combatants versus developing and procuring new ships. Predictions of future maintenance funding requirements drawn from this thesis can be incorporated into ship service-life decisions and potentially improve cost forecast accuracy and legitimacy.

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Baker, Katherine. « Costs of Reclamation on Southern Appalachian Coal Mines : A cost-effectiveness analysis for reforestation versus hayland/pasture reclamation ». Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33783.

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The two most common options for post-mining land uses in the southern Appalachians are forestry or hayland/pasture. Hayland/pasture has become the predominant reclamation type due to ease of establishment and strict regulation standards requiring quick and dense erosion control by herbaceous cover. Recently, more landowners have become interested in returning mined land to an economically valuable post-mining land use, such as forestry. Landowners are becoming more aware of the possible future profits from timber stand harvests, as well as other benefits (monetary and aesthetic) derived from a forestry post-mining land use. Although hayland/pasture lands can provide economic returns through forage and grazing rents, many post-mining pasture lands are left fallow, with no economic returns being gained. Current research has provided the biological and technical information needed to reclaim mine lands to productive forest stands and achieve bond release. Cost information though has been lacking, or variable at best. The purpose of this study is to understand the processes of reclamation for both forestry and hayland/pasture, and calculate detailed cost estimates for both reclamation types. Total costs of reclamation are determined using a cost engineering method, in conjunction with Office of Surface Mining Regulation and Enforcement bond calculation worksheets. In Kentucky, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia, hayland/pasture reclamation is more costly on a per acre basis. The cost of hayland/pasture reclamation is greater than the cost of forestry reclamation by $140 per acre to $350 per acre. In Ohio, forestry reclamation is more expensive by nearly $60 per acre. Grading costs are four times as costly for hayland/pasture reclamation, as compared to forestry reclamation. Pasture reclamation requires more grading passes to prepare the seedbed, requiring four passes. Forestry reclamation typically involves only grading the site with one dozer pass to prevent compaction of minesoils which inhibits tree growth. Hyrdoseeding costs are also higher for hayland/pasture reclamation due to higher application rates of fertilizer and herbaceous seed. The hydroseeding costs make up the largest percentage of the total per acre cost for both forestry and hayland/pasture reclamation. Lime and mulch costs are equal for both reclamation types and are included in the hydroseeding equation. Due to the increased grading costs and higher hydroseeding costs, hayland/pasture reclamation is more expensive for all states analyzed in the Appalachians, other than Ohio. These cost estimates can provide useful tools for mine operators and landowners to determine the most economical and suitable post-mining land use for their individual property.
Master of Science

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Sgobin, Sara Maria Teixeira 1978. « Custos diretos e indiretos de tentativas de suicídio de alta letalidade internadas em hospital geral ». [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311458.

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Orientador: Neury José Botega
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T16:12:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sgobin_SaraMariaTeixeira_M.pdf: 1926254 bytes, checksum: 107ab5117d2523a5185ac3e39e1f3408 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: O suicídio, ao longo dos anos, vem se tornando um problema de saúde pública. Além do impacto emocional e social, a morte prematura por suicídio implica um grande impacto econômico. Apesar de se estimar que as tentativas de suicídio sejam de 10 a 20 vezes mais frequentes que o suicídio, seu impacto socioeconômico é pouco estudado. Na tomada de decisão para medidas de prevenção do comportamento suicida, o conhecimento do ônus financeiro, levando-se em conta o custo do suicídio e de tentativas de suicídio, pode ser um forte sensibilizador de gestores públicos para a implementação de estratégias de prevenção, e estimular futuros estudos de custo efetividade. No Brasil, segundo o que pudemos revisar, não há dados publicados a esse respeito, sendo este, o intuito do presente estudo. Objetivo: Descrever os custos direto (custo diretamente ligado ao tratamento da tentativa de suicídio) e indireto (perda de produtividade após a tentativa de suicídio) de casos de tentativas de suicídio com alta intencionalidade suicida e alta letalidade de método internados em um hospital geral universitário, e comparar esses custos aos de casos de síndrome coronariana aguda internados no mesmo hospital, no mesmo período. Método: Estudo observacional comparativo tipo análise de custo de doença desenvolvido com pacientes internados no Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Resultados: Os valores médios de custo encontrados por episódios de tentativa de suicídio de alta intencionalidade suicida e alta letalidade de método foram: custo direto individual R$10635,62 ($6168,65USD), Custo indireto individual R$1186,35 ($688,08 USD) e, custo total de R$12.351,31 ($7163,75USD). No grupo de síndromes coronarianas agudas, o custo direto médio por episódio foi R$7989,56 ($4633,94 USD), e o custo indireto médio foi R$2228,15 ($1292,27 USD). O custo total por episódio foi R$10220,61 ($5929,95 USD). A análise comparativa entre os diferentes tipos de custo (custo direto, custo indireto e custo indireto familiar), indica uma diferença significativa entre os custos indiretos a familiares dos dois fenômenos, apontando para custos significativamente mais elevados no grupo de tentativas de suicídio (p=0,0022 e 0,0066 quando ajustado para a idade). Conclusão: as tentativas de suicídio graves, com alta intencionalidade suicida e alta letalidade de método utilizado na tentativa de suicídio podem apresentar um custo econômico total tão elevado quanto às síndromes coronarianas agudas, doença com maior fardo econômico mundial. Dentre os componentes do custo direto, o custo hospitalar é responsável pela maior parte dos custos, particularmente as diárias hospitalares. Um dos achados mais importantes deste estudo foi à diferença encontrada entre o custo indireto familiar dos dois eventos. Familiares da amostra de pacientes com tentativa de suicídio apresentaram um custo indireto significativamente maior que familiares do grupo de pacientes de síndrome coronariana aguda. Este fato reforça a ideia que o comportamento suicida não afeta apenas o indivíduo, mas sim o meio social à sua volta: emocionalmente e economicamente
Abstract: Besides the socio-emotional impact, the premature death caused by suicide implies a high economic impact. Although being more frequent, the social-economical impact of suicide attempts is little studied. The knowledge of this financial burden, through studies of direct and indirect costs may be a strong sensitizer of public gestors for the implementation of prevention strategies. Considering suicide prevention in Brazil, there are no published data about it. Objective: to describe the direct and indirect costs of suicide attempt cases with high suicide intention and high lethality of the method taking in account inpatients of general university hospital and to compare to the costs of acute coronary syndrome cases considering inpatients of the same hospital. Method: a comparative observations study analyzing the cost of the illness. Results: the average values of the costs met per episodes of suicide attempt were: direct individual cost $6168,65 USD, indirect individual cost $688,08 USD and total cost of $7163,75 USD. In the group of acute coronary syndromes, the direct cost per episode was $4633,94 USD, the indirect average cost was $1292,27 USD, and the total cost per episode was $5929,95 USD. The comparative analysis among the different types of cost (direct cost, indirect cost and family indirect cost) shows a meaningful difference between the indirect costs and the family cost of the two phenomena with meaningfully more elevated costs in the group of suicide attempts (p=0,0022 and 0,0066 when age adjusted). Conclusion: the severe suicide attempts may present a total cost as elevated as the acute coronary syndromes, an illness with the biggest economic burden in the world. Among the components of the direct cost, the hospital cost is responsible for most of the costs. An important finding of this study was the meaningful difference between the indirect family costs of the two events. Relatives of the patients with suicide attempt showed an indirect cost significantly higher than relatives of patients with acute coronary syndrome. This fact reinforces the idea that the suicide behavior does not affect only the individual but the social environment around him/her, both emotionally and economically
Mestrado
Saude Mental
Mestra em Ciências Médicas

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Jhally, Gaganjit Singh. « Sampling of Dynamic Dependence Graphs for Data Locality Analysis ». The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1462885420.

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